Abstract: With the advent of modern Medicine, the connections between emotions and medical conditions have primarily been described through observational studies, where conclusions are drawn from correlations of observations rather than experimental research. Psychoanalytical theory has often been used to explain many common illnesses. This approach remains prevalent today. Interestingly, despite the wealth of information now available on the influence of emotions on health, the current divide between neurology and psychiatry, as well as the separation between mental health services and primary care, combined with the time constraints and physicians’ workload, have led to a fragmented approach to many disorders. In these cases, psychological and emotional factors play an important role but are often inadequately addressed. The objective of this paper is to analyse the existing evidence on the relationship between anger and health through a narrative review. The evidence and data presented point to the need for analytical studies based on scientific methodology to explore the relationship between anger and health, and particularly to adopt an integral health approach taking into account social determinants and the role of empathy among the healthcare professionals and clinical and social care. The prevention and treatment of problems related to the high prevalence and intensity of anger are particularly relevant, given the potential negative impact this emotion can have on patients’ physical and mental health, as well as their social adjustment and relationships.

Resumen: Con la llegada de la medicina moderna, las conexiones entre las emociones y las enfermedades se han descrito principalmente a través de estudios observacionales, en los que las conclusiones se extraen de las correlaciones de las observaciones en lugar de la investigación experimental. La teoría psicoanalítica se ha utilizado a menudo para explicar muchas enfermedades comunes y este enfoque sigue predominando en la actualidad. Curiosamente, a pesar de la gran cantidad de información disponible hoy sobre la influencia de las emociones en la salud, la división entre la neurología y la psiquiatría, así como la separación entre los servicios de salud mental y la atención primaria, combinada con las limitaciones de tiempo y la carga de trabajo de los médicos, han llevado a un enfoque fragmentado de muchos trastornos. En estos casos, los factores psicológicos y emocionales desempeñan un papel importante, pero a menudo se abordan de forma inadecuada. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar, mediante una revisión narrativa, las evidencias existentes entre la ira y la salud. La evidencia y los datos presentados apuntan a la necesidad de estudios analíticos basados en la metodología científica para explorar dicha relación, y en particular para adoptar un enfoque de salud integral que tenga en cuenta los determinantes sociales y el papel de la empatía entre los profesionales de la salud y la atención clínica y social. La prevención y el tratamiento de los problemas relacionados con la elevada prevalencia e intensidad de la ira son especialmente relevantes, dado el potencial impacto negativo que esta emoción puede tener sobre la salud física y mental de los pacientes, así como en su ajuste social y sus relaciones.

Resumo: Com o advento da medicina moderna, as conexões entre emoções e doenças foram descritas principalmente por meio de estudos observacionais, nos quais as conclusões são tiradas de correlações de observações em vez de pesquisas experimentais. A teoria psicanalítica tem sido usada com frequência para explicar muitas doenças comuns e essa abordagem ainda predomina atualmente. É interessante notar que, apesar da riqueza de informações disponíveis atualmente sobre a influência das emoções na saúde, a divisão entre neurologia e psiquiatria, bem como a separação entre os serviços de saúde mental e a atenção primária, combinadas com as restrições de tempo e com a carga de trabalho da equipe médica, levaram a uma abordagem fragmentada de muitos transtornos. Nesses casos, os fatores psicológicos e emocionais desempenham papel importante, mas geralmente são abordados de forma inadequada. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar, por meio de revisão narrativa, as evidências entre ira e saúde. As evidências eos dados apresentados apontam para a necessidade de estudos analíticos baseados em metodologia científica para explorar essa relação e, em especial, para a adoção de uma abordagem holística de saúde que considere os determinantes sociais e o papel da empatia entre os profissionais da saúde e a assistência clínica e social. A prevenção e o tratamento de problemas relacionados à alta prevalência e intensidade da ira são particularmente relevantes, dado o possível impacto negativo que essa emoção pode ter na saúde física e mental dos pacientes, bem como em seu ajuste social e em seus relacionamentos.

ABSTRACT The general objective was to determine the validity evidence of the flowering scale. The specific objectives were planned to find the evidence of internal structure, criterion and content validity; as well as reliability due to internal consistency. This type of research was applied with an instrumental design; the sample consisted of 520 people, between men and women. The results show acceptable values in the adjustment indices (X22.28, SRMR.038, RMSEA.059, CFI.958, PCFI.684), the convergence and divergence were confirmed by the variables of Satisfaction with Life, Psychological Well-being, Depression, Anxiety and Stress; and McDonald's pro-omega reliability (.796). Because of that, we conclude that this is a valid and reliable one-dimensional instrument of eight items, which can be used in adults from Trujillo.

RESUMEN Se planteó como objetivo general determinar las evidencias de validez de la escala de Florecimiento y como objetivos específicos, hallar las evidencias de estructura interna, validez de criterio y de contenido; así como, la confiabilidad por consistencia interna. El tipo de investigación fue aplicada con un diseño instrumental, la muestra estuvo conformada por un total de 520 personas de ambos sexos. Los resultados muestran valores aceptables en los índices de ajuste (X22.28, SRMR.038, RMSEA.059, CFI.958, PCFI.684), se confirmó la convergencia y divergencia con las variables Satisfacción con la Vida, Bienestar Psicológico, Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés; y la confiabilidad por omega de McDonald (.796). Se concluye así, con un instrumento válido y confiable unidimensional de ocho ítems, que puede ser utilizado en adultos de la provincia de Trujillo.

Abstract Objective: Enuresis is associated with attentional and emotional comorbidities in 20 to 30 % of cases. The Short Screening Instrument for Psychological Problems in Enuresis (SSIPPE) is a questionnaire that allows the initial screening of these comorbidities. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the SSIPPE for Brazilian children and adolescents (SSIPPE-Br). Methods: Six steps were performed for translation and cross-cultural adaptation: translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, preparation of the pre-final version of the translated instrument, test of comprehensibility of the pre-final version of the tool, and elaboration of the instrument cross-culturally adapted for Brazil, named 13-itens version SSIPPE-Br. To validate the SSIPPE-Br, a cross-sectional study was carried out, in which the validated Brazilian version of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) was used. Results: Validation was performed on 127 children and adolescents with a mean age of 9.7 ± 2.8 years, 48 % male. The reliability was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha, ranging from 0.86 to 0.89, indicating good internal consistency. The factorial analysis had a good agreement adjustment (KMO 0.755, Bartlett’s test < 0.001) and explained 70.5 % of the data variability. In the reproducibility analysis, the Kappa coefficient ranged from 0.94 to 1, which can be considered almost perfect. A highly significant (p-value < 0.001) and direct correlation existed between the three SSIPPE-Br domains and all evaluated CABI domains. Conclusion: The SSIPPE-Br is a valid and reliable tool for emotional problems screening and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents with enuresis whose first language is Brazilian Portuguese. Objective 2 3 cases (SSIPPE translate adapt SSIPPEBr. SSIPPEBr Br . (SSIPPE-Br) Methods crosscultural cross cultural adaptation translations backtranslation, backtranslation back back-translation prefinal pre final crossculturally Brazil 13itens itens 13 Br. SSIPPEBr, Br, crosssectional sectional out (CABI used Results 12 97 9 7 9. 28 8 2. years 4 male Cronbachs Cronbach s alpha 086 0 86 0.8 089 89 0.89 consistency KMO 0755 755 0.755 Bartletts Bartlett 0.001 0001 001 705 70 5 70. variability 094 94 0.9 1 perfect pvalue p value Conclusion Portuguese (SSIPPE-Br 08 0. 075 75 0.75 0.00 000 00 09 07 0.7 0.0

Abstract Objective: “Determine the emotional state following the DASS-21 in postCOVID-19 patients at the first level of health care”. Material and methods: Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study conducting a survey on the emotional state (DASS-21; Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995) in post-COVID-19 patients in a sample of 70 patients from the Family Medicine Unit No. 34 annex Ambulatory Care Medical Unit of La Peace, Baja California Sur. A statistical analysis was carried out with frequencies, percentages for nominal qualitative variables, with measures of central tendency and dispersion in quantitative variables, with determination of chi2. With prior authorization from the local research committee and ethics committee. Results: 45 female patients were found (64.3%), age 39.41 ± 13.930, with a statistical significance between anxiety and presence of severe symptoms with p= 0.014 (95%CI 0.000-0.042), depression and age group p= 0.029 (95%CI % 0.000-0.068); and no significance was found with stress. Conclusion: Anxiety mildly and extremely severely affects post-COVID-19 patients related to the presence of severe symptoms, the depression detected was moderate and is related to the age group, while the stress detected was mild and did not present an association of variables.

Resumen Objetivo: “Determinar el estado emocional de acuerdo al DASS-21 en enfermos post COVID-19 en el primer nivel de atención en salud”. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo realizando encuesta sobre el estado emocional (DASS-21; Lovibond y Lovibond, 1995) en enfermos post COVID-19 a una muestra de 70 pacientes de la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 34 anexo Unidad Médica de Atención Ambulatoria de La Paz, Baja California Sur. Se realizó un análisis estadístico con frecuencias, porcentajes para variables cualitativas nominales, con medidas de tendencia central y dispersión en variables cuantitativas, con determinación de Chi2. Previa autorización de los comités local de investigación y de ética. Resultados: Se encontró 45 pacientes femeninos (64.3%), edad 39.41 ± 13.930, con una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre ansiedad y presencia de síntomas graves con una p= 0.014 (IC95% 0.000-0.042), depresión y grupo etario p= 0.029 (IC95% 0.000-0.068); y no se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa con el estrés. Conclusión: La ansiedad afecta de manera leve y extremadamente severa a enfermos post COVID-19 relacionada a la presencia de síntomas graves, la depresión detectada fue moderada y está relacionada al grupo etario en cambio el estrés detectado fue leve y no presentó asociación de variables.

ABSTRACT Foundation: Children and adolescents constitute a particularly vulnerable group in times of pandemic, which is why it is necessary to detect risk situations arising from them that may compromise the mental health of this population. Objective: To characterize the mental health status present in pediatric patients’ convalescent from COVID-19 in Cienfuegos. Methods: An exploratory, cross-sectional study was carried out on 153 children and adolescents (3-18 years) who attended the provincial multidisciplinary consultation for convalescents from COVID-19 at the Paquito González Cueto University Pediatric Hospital in Cienfuegos. To obtain the information, a semi-structured interview, psychiatric examination and Abilities and Difficulties Questionnaire were used. The database and statistical processing were done through the SPSS system, version 21.0. Descriptive statistical tests were used. Results: Children and adolescents recovering from COVID-19 are characterized by high levels of anxiety. It was the affective functions that were most affected by the psychiatric examination, represented in 29.4 % of the cases, followed by sleep and eating needs and habits (14.4 %). Anxiety disorder, adjustment disorder and sleep disorder were the main mental disorders diagnosed. Conclusion: The mental health of the child and youth population of a group of patient’s convalescents from COVID-19 has been affected, however, not all psychological responses can be classified as illnesses, because the majority are normal reactions to a situation abnormal.

RESUMEN Fundamento: Los niños y adolescentes constituyen un grupo de especial vulnerabilidad, en tiempos de pandemia, por lo que resulta necesaria la detección de situaciones de riesgo derivadas que puedan comprometer la salud mental de esta población. Objetivo: Caracterizar el estado de salud mental presente en pacientes en edad pediátrica convalecientes de la COVID-19 en Cienfuegos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio exploratorio, de corte transversal en 153 niños y adolescentes (3-18 años) que asistieron a la consulta multidisciplinaria provincial para convalecientes de la COVID-19 en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Paquito González Cueto de Cienfuegos. Para la obtención de la información se empleó la entrevista semiestructurada, examen psiquiátrico y Cuestionario de Capacidades y Dificultades. La base de datos y el procesamiento estadístico se realizó a través del sistema SPSS. versión 21.0. Se utilizaron pruebas estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados: Los niños y adolescentes convalecientes de la COVID-19 se caracterizan por presentar niveles altos de ansiedad. Fueron las funciones afectivas las que más se vieron afectadas al examen psiquiátrico, representadas en el 29,4 % de los casos, seguidas por las necesidades y hábitos de sueño y alimentación (14,4 %). El trastorno por ansiedad, el trastorno de adaptación y del sueño fueron los principales trastornos mentales diagnosticados. Conclusiones: La salud mental de la población infantil y juvenil de un grupo de los pacientes convalecientes a la COVID-19 se ha visto afectada, sin embargo, no todas las respuestas psicológicas podrán calificarse como enfermedades, porque la mayoría son reacciones normales ante una situación anormal.

Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la relación entre la ansiedad ante la muerte, el ajuste psicológico, el optimismo, el pesimismo y el estrés percibido entre los profesionales de enfermería que trabajaron durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: este estudio se diseñó como un estudio transversal/de cohortes. La población del estudio incluía a 408 profesionales de enfermería del Chipre del Norte registrados como miembros de pleno derecho del Consejo de Enfermería. La muestra consistió en 214 profesionales de enfermería que se ofrecieron voluntariamente a participar en el estudio. Los datos del estudio se recogieron a través de una encuesta online basada en la web (formulario demográfico, Medida de Estrés por Coronavirus, Cuestionario de Optimismo y Pesimismo, Escala Breve de Adaptación-6 y Escala de Sufrimiento por Muerte). Resultados: los resultados indicaron que el estrés percibido predecía significativa y negativamente el optimismo (β = -0,21, p < 0,001) y pesimismo (β = 0,38, p < 0,001). El estrés percibido tuvo efectos predictivos significativos y positivos sobre el ajuste psicológico (β = 0,31, p < 0,001) y angustia de muerte (β = 0,17, p < 0,01). Los resultados de otros análisis revelaron que el pesimismo es mediador en la asociación del estrés con el ajuste psicológico y la angustia de muerte; sin embargo, el optimismo sólo es mediador del efecto del estrés sobre el ajuste psicológico entre los profesionales de enfermería. Conclusión: un bajo nivel de pesimismo es eficaz para reforzar las habilidades de ajuste psicológico de los profesionales de enfermería frente al estrés percibido y la angustia por la muerte. Los profesionales de enfermería deberían considerar estrategias conductuales para ayudar a reducir el nivel de pesimismo durante periodos como las pandemias. Objetivo COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 Método transversalde transversal cohortes 40 Enfermería 21 formulario demográfico Coronavirus Pesimismo Adaptación6 Adaptación 6 Adaptación- Muerte. Muerte . Muerte) Resultados β 0,21, 021 0 -0,21 0,001 0001 001 038 38 0,38 0,001. 031 31 0,31 017 17 0,17 0,01. 0,01 01 0,01) embargo Conclusión pandemias COVID1 1 COVID-1 4 2 0,21 02 -0,2 0,00 000 00 03 3 0,3 0,1 0,0 COVID- 0,2 -0, 0, -0 -

Objective: the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between death distress, psychological adjustment, optimism, pessimism and perceived stress among nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: this study was designed as cross-sectional/cohort. The population of the study involved 408 nurses from Northern Cyprus, which are registered as full members of the Nurse Council. The sample comprised 214 nurses, who volunteered to participate in the study. The study data was collected using a web-based online survey (Demographic form, the Coronavirus Stress Measure, The Optimism and Pessimism Questionnaire, The Brief Adjustment Scale-6, The Death Distress Scale). Results: the results indicated that perceived stress significantly and negatively predicted optimism (β = -0.21, p < 0.001) and pessimism (β = 0.38, p < 0.001). Perceived stress had significant and positive predictive effects on psychological adjustment (β = 0.31, p < 0.001) and death distress (β = 0.17, p < 0.01). Further analysis results revealed that pessimism mediates the association of stress with psychological adjustment and death distress; however, optimism only mediates the effect of stress on psychological adjustment among nurses. Conclusion: a low level of pessimism is effective in strengthening nurses’ psychological adjustment skills againt perceived stress and death distress. Nurses should consider behavioral strategies to help reduce the level of pessimism during periods such as pandemics. Objective COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic Method crosssectional/cohort. crosssectionalcohort cross sectional/cohort. sectional cohort cross-sectional/cohort 40 Cyprus Council 21 webbased web based Demographic form Measure Questionnaire Scale6, Scale6 Scale 6, 6 Scale-6 Scale. . Scale) Results β 0.21, 021 0 -0.21 0.001 0001 001 038 38 0.38 0.001. 031 31 0.31 017 17 0.17 0.01. 0.01 01 0.01) however Conclusion pandemics COVID1 1 COVID- crosssectional crosssectional/cohort sectionalcohort sectional/cohort 4 2 Scale- 0.21 02 -0.2 0.00 000 00 03 3 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 -0. 0. -0 -

Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo é investigar a relação entre angústia de morte, ajuste psicológico, otimismo, pessimismo e estresse percebido entre profissionais de enfermagem que trabalham durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Método: este estudo foi concebido como estudo transversal/coorte. A população do estudo envolveu 408 profissionais de enfermagem do Chipre do Norte, que estão registrados como membros plenos do Conselho de Enfermagem. A amostra foi composta por 214 profissionais de enfermagem que se ofereceram para participar do estudo. Os dados do estudo foram coletados por meio de uma pesquisa online baseada na web (formulário demográfico, Medida de Estresse por Coronavírus, Questionário de Otimismo e Pessimismo, Escala Breve de Ajuste-6 e Escala de Sofrimento por Morte). Resultados: os resultados indicaram que o estresse percebido previu significativa e negativamente o otimismo (β = -0,21, p < 0,001) e pessimismo (β = 0,38, p < 0,001). O estresse percebido teve efeitos preditivos significativos e positivos sobre o ajuste psicológico (β = 0,31, p < 0,001) e angústia de morte (β = 0,17, p < 0,01). Os resultados de outras análises revelaram que o pessimismo é mediador da associação do estresse com o ajuste psicológico e a angústia de morte; no entanto, o otimismo é mediador apenas do efeito do estresse sobre o ajuste psicológico entre os profissionais de enfermagem. Conclusão: um baixo nível de pessimismo é eficaz para fortalecer as habilidades de ajuste psicológico dos profissionais de enfermagem contra o estresse percebido e a angústia por morte. Os profissionais de enfermagem devem considerar estratégias comportamentais para ajudar a reduzir o nível de pessimismo durante períodos como os de pandemias. Objetivo COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 Método transversalcoorte transversal coorte transversal/coorte 40 Norte Enfermagem 21 formulário demográfico Coronavírus Pessimismo Ajuste6 Ajuste 6 Ajuste- Morte. Morte . Morte) Resultados β 0,21, 021 0 -0,21 0,001 0001 001 038 38 0,38 0,001. 031 31 0,31 017 17 0,17 0,01. 0,01 01 0,01) entanto Conclusão pandemias COVID1 1 COVID-1 4 2 0,21 02 -0,2 0,00 000 00 03 3 0,3 0,1 0,0 COVID- 0,2 -0, 0, -0 -

Abstract The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of violence against women living in rural areas, explore associated factors, and characterize cases of violence according to perpetrator, place of occurrence, and frequency. Based on data from the 2019 National Health Survey, using Poisson’s regression we calculated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios for violence committed during the last 12 months against women living in rural areas across Brazil, focusing on the following variables: sociodemographic characteristics, income, social support, and self-reported health status. The prevalence of psychological, physical, and sexual violence was 18%, 4.4%, and 1.5%, respectively. Perpetrators were mainly people known to the victim and violence was mainly committed at home and repeated over time. Prevalence was highest among young women (24.2%), single and divorced women (20% each), women who had complete elementary school till not complete higher education (22% each), women with very poor (34%) and poor (30%) self-perceived health status; and women with a mental health problem (30%). After adjustment, the following variables were retained in the model: women aged 30-39 years and 40-49 years; married women; women with very poor, poor, and fair perceived health; and women diagnosed with a mental health problem. crosssectional cross sectional factors perpetrator occurrence frequency 201 Survey Poissons Poisson s 1 Brazil characteristics income support selfreported self reported status psychological physical 18 18% 44 4 4.4% 15 5 1.5% respectively time 24.2%, 242 24.2% , 24 2 (24.2%) 20% 20 (20 each, each each) 22% 22 (22 34% 34 (34% 30% 30 (30% selfperceived 30%. . adjustment model 3039 39 30-3 4049 40 49 40-4 4.4 1.5 24.2 (24.2% (2 3 (34 (30 303 30- 404 40- 4. 1. 24. (24.2 ( (3 (24. (24

Resumo Este estudo transversal objetivou estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados à violência contra as mulheres rurais e descrever os casos positivos segundo autoria, local e frequência, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (2019). Calcularam-se as prevalências brutas e ajustadas de violência contra as mulheres rurais de todo o Brasil nos últimos 12 meses, segundo perfil demográfico, apoio e saúde por meio da regressão de Poisson. A violência psicológica foi de 18%, a física, de 4,4% e a sexual, de 1,5%. Os principais autores eram pessoas conhecidas, a maior parte dos casos ocorreu na residência e as agressões eram recorrentes. As maiores prevalências: mulheres adultas jovens (24,2%), solteiras e divorciadas (20% cada), com ensino fundamental completo ao superior incompleto (22%),, percepções de saúde muito ruim (34%), ruim (30%) e aquelas com problema de saúde mental (30%). Após o ajuste, permaneceram no modelo as de 30-39 anos e de 40 a 49 anos, casadas, com estado de saúde muito ruim, ruim e regular e com problema de saúde mental. Aponta-se para a alta prevalência de violência contra as mulheres rurais. autoria frequência 2019. 2019 . (2019) Calcularamse Calcularam se 1 meses demográfico Poisson 18 18% física 44 4 4,4 sexual 15 5 1,5% conhecidas recorrentes 24,2%, 242 24,2% , 24 2 (24,2%) 20% 20 (20 cada, cada cada) 22%,, 22 22% ,, (22%), 34%, 34 34% (34%) 30% 30 (30% 30%. ajuste 3039 39 30-3 casadas Apontase Aponta 201 (2019 4, 1,5 24,2 (24,2% (2 22%, (22%) 3 (34% (30 303 30- (201 1, 24, (24,2 ( (22% (34 (3 (24, (22 (24

This study explored the association between loneliness and mental health among nurses in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2022. We enrolled 2,811 nurses from a tertiary hospital in China. Demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, work-related factors, and psychological characteristics were collected from participants via a self-reported questionnaire. Loneliness was measured with the three-item short form of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale were used to measure mental health. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined using binary logistic regression. Among participants in this study, 12.0% (337) experienced loneliness, and 7.8% (219) and 6.7% (189) reported depression and anxiety, respectively. The loneliness scores were categorized into three levels (3, 4-6, and 7-9). For depression, compared with the lowest reference, the ORs and 95% CI across the tertile were 1.31 (0.69-1.84) and 2.53 (1.11-5.76) after adjustment, respectively, and the P-value for trend was 0.045. For anxiety, compared with the lowest reference, the ORs and 95%CI across the tertile were 1.84 (1.28-2.63) and 2.52 (1.57-4.10) after adjustment, respectively; the P-value for trend was 0.004. This study showed that loneliness was significantly associated with poor mental health among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings suggested that medical establishments should offer interventions for nurses to prevent mental health problems by targeting this modifiable risk factor. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic crosssectional cross sectional 2022 2811 2 811 2,81 factors workrelated work related selfreported self questionnaire threeitem item Scale PHQ9 PHQ 9 (PHQ-9 GAD7 GAD 7 (GAD-7 (ORs 95 (CI regression 120 12 0 12.0 337 (337 78 8 7.8 219 (219 67 6 6.7 189 (189 anxiety respectively 3, 3 (3 46, 46 4 6, 4-6 79. 79 . 7-9) reference 131 1 31 1.3 0.691.84 069184 0.69 69 84 (0.69-1.84 253 53 2.5 1.115.76 111576 1.11 5.76 11 5 76 (1.11-5.76 adjustment Pvalue P value 0045 045 0.045 95CI 184 1.8 1.282.63 128263 1.28 2.63 28 63 (1.28-2.63 252 52 1.574.10 157410 1.57 4.10 57 10 (1.57-4.10 0004 004 0.004 factor COVID1 COVID- 202 281 81 2,8 (PHQ- (GAD- 12. 33 (33 7. 21 (21 6. 18 (18 ( 4- 7-9 13 1. 691 0.691.8 06918 069 0.6 (0.69-1.8 25 2. 115 1.115.7 11157 111 1.1 576 5.7 (1.11-5.7 04 0.04 282 1.282.6 12826 128 1.2 263 2.6 (1.28-2.6 574 1.574.1 15741 157 1.5 410 4.1 (1.57-4.1 000 00 0.00 20 2, (PHQ (GAD (2 (1 7- 0.691. 0691 06 0. (0.69-1. 1.115. 1115 5. (1.11-5. 0.0 1.282. 1282 26 (1.28-2. 1.574. 1574 15 41 4. (1.57-4. 0.691 (0.69-1 1.115 (1.11-5 1.282 (1.28-2 1.574 (1.57-4 (0.69- (1.11- (1.28- (1.57- (0.69 (1.11 (1.28 (1.57 (0.6 (1.1 (1.2 (1.5 (0. (1. (0

RESUMEN Introducción: En el ámbito territorial, la comprensión emocional se ha estudiado muy poco en muestras clínicas. No se reconocen investigaciones entre este constructo y los trastornos de adaptación; de ahí, que esta se convierta en un factor protector y un recurso psicológico para los niños con trastornos de adaptación. Objetivo: Caracterizar la comprensión emocional en los escolares con diagnóstico de trastorno de adaptación en los policlínicos «Capitán Roberto Fleites» y «Chiqui Gómez Lubián» de Santa Clara. Métodos: Se asumió un enfoque mixto, diseño transformativo concurrente y tipo de estudio descriptivo. La muestra se constituyó por 20 niños con trastorno de adaptación, con un muestreo no probabilístico, y por 20 niños sin alteraciones emocionales, con un muestreo pareado. Se emplearon las técnicas: análisis de documentos, entrevista psicológica semiestructurada, dibujo con tema sugerido, cuestionario de comprensión emocional y test de comprensión emocional. Se utilizó el análisis de contenido, el paquete estadístico SPSS 21.0 y el programa Microsoft Excel, así como, pruebas estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. Resultados: Predominaron emociones y situaciones asociadas relacionadas con las esferas familiar y escolar. En la comprensión emocional, no se apreciaron dificultades; presentaron escaso vocabulario emocional. Conclusiones: Entre los niños con trastorno de adaptación y sin alteraciones emocionales, las diferencias estuvieron en la incidencia de emociones como orgullo, ansiedad y serenidad. En las situaciones generadoras, las emociones en los trastornos de adaptación se vincularon a la familia y al grupo sin alteraciones emocionales; en el área escolar, la comprensión emocional mostró valores similares en ambos grupos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: emotional understanding has been little studied in clinical samples at the territorial level. No research between this construct and adjustment disorders have been recognized; hence, it becomes a protective factor and a psychological resource for children with adjustment disorders. Objective: to characterize emotional understanding in schoolchildren diagnosed with adjustment disorder at “Capitán Roberto Fleites” and “Chiqui Gómez Lubián” polyclinics in Santa Clara. Methods: a mixed approach, with a descriptive study and a concurrent transformative design were assumed. A sample of 20 children with adjustment disorder was selected through non-probabilistic sampling and 20 without emotional disorders through paired sampling. Document analysis, semi-structured psychological interview, drawing with a suggested theme, emotional understanding questionnaire and emotional understanding test were the used techniques. Content analysis, the SPSS 21.0 statistical package and the Microsoft Excel program were used as well as descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Results: emotions and associated situations related to the family and school spheres predominated. No difficulties were observed in emotional understanding; a limited emotional vocabulary was presented. Conclusions: differences among children with adjustment disorders and without emotional disorders were in the incidence of emotions such as pride, anxiety and serenity. Emotions in adjustment disorders generated situations linked to the family and to the group without emotional alterations; emotional understanding in the school area showed similar values in both groups.

Abstract Objective This article aimed to evaluate the psychological adjustment of Brazilian children experiencing cancer relapse by comparing their adjustment with cancer survivors and “healthy” children, based on the reports of their parents or caregivers. Method Participants were 140 caregivers of children in relapse (n = 24), remission (n = 59), and of children considered “healthy” (control group) (n = 57). The Behavior Assessment System for Children and the Family Environment Scale were applied. Data analyses were performed through Student’s t-test, Chi-square, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlations. Results The results showed that children with cancer did not present more psychopathologies than the control group; however, they had more social and leadership skills. Protective (family cohesion) and risk factors (child´s age, number of relapses, treatment duration, caregiver’s income and education level) were also observed. Conclusion This study proposes the screening of psychological symptoms for risk subgroups and the design of intervention strategies for this population. healthy “healthy 14 n 24, 24 , 24) 59, 59 59) group 57. 57 . 57) applied Students Student s ttest, ttest t test, test t-test Chisquare, Chisquare Chi square, square Chi-square variance correlations however skills family cohesion child´s childs child age relapses duration caregiver level observed population 1 2 5

Resumo Objetivo O presente artigo visou avaliar o ajustamento psicológico de crianças brasileiras em recidiva de câncer comparando-as com sobreviventes de câncer e com crianças “saudáveis”, a partir do relato de seus pais/cuidadores. Método Os participantes foram 140 cuidadores de crianças em recidiva (n = 24), remissão (n = 59) e controle (n = 57). Foram aplicadas a Escala de Avaliação Comportamental para Crianças e a Family Environment Scale. As análises de dados foram realizadas com t de Student, Qui-quadrado, análises de variância e correlações de Pearson. Resultados Os resultados mostraram que as crianças com câncer não apresentaram mais psicopatologias que o grupo controle, mas mostraram mais habilidades sociais e de liderança. Também se observaram fatores protetores (coesão familiar) e de risco (idade, número de recidivas, duração do tratamento, renda e nível educacional dos cuidadores). Conclusão Propõe-se o rastreio de sintomas psicológicos nos subgrupos de risco e o delineamento de estratégias interventivas para esta população. comparandoas comparando saudáveis, saudáveis , “saudáveis” paiscuidadores pais pais/cuidadores 14 n 24, 24 24) 59 57. 57 . 57) Scale Student Quiquadrado, Quiquadrado Qui quadrado, quadrado Qui-quadrado Pearson liderança coesão familiar idade, idade (idade recidivas tratamento cuidadores. cuidadores) Propõese Propõe população “saudáveis 1 2 5

Resumo: Pessoas com anorexia nervosa e bulimia nervosa apresentam intenso sofrimento psíquico decorrente de graves prejuízos biopsicossociais. Tendo em vista que os transtornos alimentares (TAs) configuram quadros clínicos que tendem à cronificação, é relevante investigar os pressupostos que sustentam a prática dos profissionais de saúde que acompanham as pacientes por um longo período. O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar as concepções de profissionais da equipe multidisciplinar de saúde especializada em TAs sobre a melhora dos sintomas. Foi delineado um estudo descritivo-exploratório com Método Clínico-Qualitativo e amparado no referencial teórico do Cuidado Psicossocial. Participaram 23 profissionais de saúde que integram a equipe de um ambulatório especializado em TAs, localizado em um hospital-escola vinculado ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), composta por médicas(os) nutrólogas(os), nutricionistas, psicólogas(os), psiquiatras e terapeutas ocupacionais. A coleta de dados foi realizada em duas etapas: grupos focais e entrevistas individuais semidirigidas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática reflexiva, que possibilitou a organização de dois temas centrais: (1) Concepções de “bom ajustamento” ao tratamento, tema que inclui os significados atribuídos à adesão e assiduidade nas consultas, o reconhecimento do TA como problema e o engajamento ativo da família no tratamento; (2) Concepções de “melhora”, tema no qual os participantes valorizaram a ideia de busca do bem-estar integral das pacientes considerando seus aspectos biopsicossociais, o que é consistente com o conceito ampliado de saúde. Conclui-se que a equipe multidisciplinar de saúde demonstra ter incorporado os pressupostos que orientam o modelo biopsicossocial que informa a política pública de saúde vigente no país para o cuidado do sofrimento mental. Resumo biopsicossociais (TAs cronificação período sintomas descritivoexploratório descritivo exploratório ClínicoQualitativo Clínico Qualitativo Psicossocial 2 hospitalescola hospital escola SUS, SUS , (SUS) médicasos médicas médicas(os nutrólogasos, nutrólogasos nutrólogas nutrólogas(os) nutricionistas psicólogasos, psicólogasos psicólogas psicólogas(os) ocupacionais etapas semidirigidas reflexiva centrais 1 (1 bom ajustamento tratamento consultas (2 melhora, “melhora” bemestar bem estar Concluise Conclui se mental (SUS nutrólogas(os psicólogas(os ( “melhora

Resumen: Las personas con anorexia y bulimia experimentan un intenso sufrimiento psicológico derivado de graves perjuicios biopsicosociales. Dado que estos trastornos alimentarios (TA) presentan condiciones clínicas que tienden a cronificarse, es relevante investigar los supuestos que respaldan la práctica de los profesionales que siguen a los pacientes durante un largo período. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar las concepciones de los profesionales del equipo multidisciplinario de salud especializado en TA sobre la mejoría de los síntomas. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-exploratorio con método clínico-cualitativo respaldado en el marco teórico del cuidado psicosocial. Participaron 23 profesionales de la salud que integran el equipo ubicado en un hospital universitario asociado al Sistema Único de Salud (SUS), compuesto por médicos nutriólogos, nutricionistas, psicólogos, psiquiatras y terapeutas ocupacionales. La recopilación de datos se realizó en dos etapas: grupos focales y entrevistas individuales semidirigidas. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis temático reflexivo y se organizaron en dos temas centrales: (1) Concepciones de “buen ajuste” al tratamiento, que incluye los significados atribuidos a la adherencia y asistencia a las citas, el reconocimiento del TA como problema y el compromiso activo de la familia en el tratamiento; (2) Concepciones de “mejora”: los participantes enfatizaron la idea de buscar el bienestar integral de las pacientes, considerando sus aspectos biopsicosociales, lo cual concuerda con el concepto ampliado de salud. Se concluye que el equipo ha incorporado los supuestos que orientan el modelo biopsicosocial, el cual informa la política actual de salud pública para el cuidado de la salud mental. Resumen biopsicosociales (TA cronificarse período síntomas descriptivoexploratorio descriptivo exploratorio clínicocualitativo clínico cualitativo psicosocial 2 SUS, SUS , (SUS) nutriólogos nutricionistas psicólogos ocupacionales etapas semidirigidas centrales 1 (1 buen ajuste tratamiento citas (2 mejora “mejora” biopsicosocial mental (SUS ( “mejora

Abstract: People with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa experience intense psychological distress stemming from serious biopsychosocial impairments. Since these eating disorders (EDs) show clinical conditions that tend to become chronic, it is relevant to investigate the assumptions that support the practice of healthcare providers who follow patients for quite some time. This study aimed to explore the conceptions of professionals in a multidisciplinary health team specialized in EDs regarding symptom improvement. A descriptive-exploratory study was outlined with a clinical-qualitative method that was supported by the theoretical framework of psychosocial care. Overall, 23 healthcare providers participated in this study, including physicians specialized in nutrition, nutritionists, psychologists, psychiatrists, and occupational therapists, all of which belonged to a team at an outpatient clinic specialized in EDs in a teaching hospital associated within the Brazilian Unified Health System. Data were collected in two stages: focus groups and semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The data underwent reflexive thematic analysis, which organized them into two central themes: (1) Conceptions of “good adjustment” to treatment, which includes meanings attributed to adherence and attendance at appointments, recognition of ED as a problem, and active engagement of the family in treatment and (2) Conceptions of “improvement:” participants emphasized the idea of seeking the overall well-being of patients, considering their biopsychosocial aspects, which aligns with the expanded concept of health. This study found that the team has incorporated the assumptions guiding the biopsychosocial model, which informs the current public health policy for mental health care in Brazil. Abstract impairments (EDs chronic time improvement descriptiveexploratory descriptive exploratory clinicalqualitative qualitative Overall 2 nutrition nutritionists psychologists psychiatrists therapists System stages semistructured semi structured facetoface face interviews analysis themes 1 (1 good adjustment appointments problem (2 “improvement: wellbeing well being aspects model Brazil ( “improvement

BACKGROUND: There exists a dearth of research on the psychological experiences of childhood communication disorders. Caregivers of these children are one source who can provide us with this information since the child exists within a system. Literature on the experiences of caregivers of children with communication disorders, specifically in the South African city context, is lacking. OBJECTIVES: The article presents the reported experiences of six parental caregivers raising a child with a communication disorder within Johannesburg. METHOD: Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and underwent an interpretative phenomenological analysis. RESULTS: Five themes are presented: feeling out of control; barriers to accessing services; caregivers left speechless; a misunderstood disability; and relinquishing control: 'I needed to be a mommy'. CONCLUSION: The caregivers relayed an initially negative experience in raising a child with a communication disorder, marred with worry and fear for the future. In accessing services, they narrated their experiences of multiple barriers to access, including an overreliance on the private sector, financial barriers, time constraints, limited resources and poor information on available resources. Eventually, the caregivers were able to identify strengths, skills and capabilities within their children and themselves that allowed for adjustment and coping CONTRIBUTION: The findings highlight the importance of considering how barriers to care may marginalise and seclude parental caregivers. Over time, the caregivers were able to empower themselves through building their own knowledge and reformulating their narratives by challenging assumptions and retitling the source of disability as a product of the failure of society.

RESUMEN Los problemas de salud mental y las dificultades de ajuste psicológico entre los adolescentes se erigen como un desafío personal, familiar, educativo y socio-sanitario. Se hace necesario abordar este reto social emergente mediante el estudio y la implementación de estrategias de promoción del bienestar psicológico y prevención de los problemas de salud mental en contextos educativos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es poner de manifiesto, a la luz de los datos epidemiológicos derivados del proyecto PSICE (Psicología Basada en la Evidencia en Contextos Educativos), la importancia de abordar la salud mental en entornos educativos. En primer lugar, se realiza una introducción al estudio del comportamiento humano y los problemas de ajuste psicológico. En segundo lugar, se aborda la importancia de los centros educativos como el lugar natural donde promocionar el bienestar psicológico y la salud mental infanto-juvenil. En tercer lugar, se mencionan los resultados de prevalencia derivados del estudio PSICE. Se finaliza con un apartado de recapitulación señalando la ineludible necesidad de promover, proteger y cuidar la salud mental durante la infancia y la adolescencia en los entornos educativos. La promoción del bienestar psicológico y la prevención de los problemas de salud mental en contextos educativos supone la mejor inversión por parte de la sociedad, los gobiernos y las instituciones.

ABSTRACT Mental health problems and psychological adjustment difficulties among young people are emerging as a personal, family, educational, social, and health challenge. It is necessary to address this emerging social defiance by studying and implementing strategies to promote emotional well-being and prevent psychological problems in educational contexts. The aim of this work is to highlight, based on the epidemiological data derived from the PSICE (Evidence-based Psychology in Educational Contexts) project, the importance of addressing mental health in school settings. First, an introduction to the study of human behavior and psychological adjustment problems is given. Secondly, the importance of educational centers as the natural place to promote the psychological well-being and child and adolescent mental health is discussed. Thirdly, the prevalence results derived from the PSICE study are mentioned. To conclude, a summary section highlights the imperative need to promote, protect, and care for mental health during childhood and adolescence in educational settings. The promotion of psychological well-being and the prevention of mental health problems in educational contexts are the best investments on the part of societies, governments, and institutions.

Resumen Objetivo: Los trabajadores de la salud se enfrentaron a niveles sin precedentes de carga emocional relacionada con la pandemia de la COVID-19. Este estudio pretende conocer la autopercepción del estado de sobrecarga emocional de los profesionales del Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea (SNS-O) en dos momentos durante la pandemia y sus factores asociados. Método: Estudio transversal mediante el uso de un cuestionario que incluye la Escala de Autoevaluación de Sobrecarga Emocional, enviado por correo electrónico a todos los profesionales sanitarios del SNS-O en dos momentos de la pandemia, en octubre de 2020 y octubre de 2021. Los resultados de la escala global y de las subescalas ‘“miedos-ansiedad”’ y ‘“respuesta afectiva”’ se compararon entre los dos momentos de medición según puesto de trabajo, ámbito, área y servicio, mediante modelos ANCOVA?. Resultados: Participaron en la encuesta de 2020 1.485 (11,3%) sanitarios y 950 (7,3%) en la encuesta de 2021 de. La diferencia media para el score global entre 2020 y 2021 fue -1.87 (95% IC: -2.38, -1.35), indicando una reducción de la sobrecarga emocional con la evolución de la pandemia, con algunas diferencias entre categorías profesionales. Conclusiones: El año 2020 tuvo gran impacto en la sobrecarga emocional que disminuyó al año siguiente. Uno de los mayores temores del personal sanitario durante su exposición laboral a enfermedades infecciosas epidémicas sigue siendo el miedo a contraer la enfermedad y transmitirla a sus familiares y entorno social. Conforme aumenta la proximidad con el paciente y su entorno, incrementa la probabilidad de afectación psicoemocional.

Abstract Introduction: Health care workers faced unprecedented levels of emotional burden related to the COVID-19 pandemic.. This study aims to find out the self-perception of the state of emotional overload of the professionals of the Navarre Osasunbidea Health Service (SNS-O) at two moments during the pandemic and its associated factors. Method: Cross-sectional study using a questionnaire that includes the Emotional Overload Self-Assessment Scale sent by email to all SNS-O health professionals at two moments of the pandemic, in October 2020 and October 2021. Results of the global scale and of the subscales &apos;“fear-anxiety”&apos; and ““affective response”&apos; were compared between the two moments of measurement according to position, field, area and service using ANCOVA models. Results: The number of responding participants in the 2020 survey was 1 485 (11,3%) and 950 in the 2021 survey (7,3%). The mean difference for overall score between 2020 and 2021 was -1.87 (95% CI: -2.38, -1.35), indicating less worrying results with the passage of time since the start of the pandemic, with some differences accross occupational categories. Conclusions: The year 2020 had a great impact on the emotional overload that decreased the following year. One of the greatest fears of health personnel during their occupational exposure to epidemic infectious diseases continues to be the fear of contracting the disease and transmitting it to their family members and social environment. As the proximity to the patient and their environment increases, the probability of psycho-emotional affectation increases.

Abstract Objectives. To identify the level of latent relationship between Subjective Well-being and Mental Health in a sample of university students from Ecuador. Method. A descriptive, correlational and transversal study by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted. The sample consisted of 476 people (61.5% women and 38.4% men), aged between 17 and 47 years (M = 21.24; SD =3.65). They were University students from 34 higher education centers in 10 provinces of Ecuador. Results. Subjective Well-being (Positive, Negative Affect and Satisfaction with Life) is latently related to Mental Health through an adequate adjustment model. Furthermore, the SEM model is gender invariant. Finally, there are differences (p <.05) between groups for negative affect and symptoms of anxiety/insomnia, depression, and general mental health. Subjective well-being is a psychological attribute that plays a relevant role in the course and development of mental health.

Resumen Objetivos. Identificar el nivel de relación latente entre el Bienestar Subjetivo y la Salud Mental en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de Ecuador. Método. Estudio descriptivo, correlacional y transversal por Modelamiento con Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM). Participaron 476 personas (61.5% mujeres y 38.4% hombres), con edades comprendidas entre 17 y 47 años (M = 21.24; DT= 3.65). Eran estudiantes universitarios de 34 centros de educación superior de 10 provincias del Ecuador. Resultados. El Bienestar Subjetivo (Afecto Positivo, Negativo y Satisfacción con la Vida) se relaciona de forma latente con la Salud Mental a través de un modelo de ajuste adecuado. Además, el modelo SEM es invariante según el género. Por último, hay diferencias (p < .05) entre grupos para el afecto negativo y los síntomas de ansiedad/insomnio, depresión y salud mental general. Se concluye que el bienestar subjetivo es un atributo psicológico que juega un papel relevante en el curso y desarrollo de la salud mental.