Abstract In “On the Question: What Is Enlightenment?” of 1784, Mendelssohn affirms that enlightenment that is connected with the essential vocation (wesentlich Bestimmung) of man as man can come into conflict not only with morality -extra-essential vocations (aufierwesentlichen Bestimmungen)- but also with his essential vocation of citizen, that is, as a member of a State. In these cases, Mendelssohn states, a certain discretion, a certain prudence (Klugheit), is necessary in the use of enlightenment. The present work aims to analyze the meaning of this appeal to prudence, by Mendelssohn, as a symbol of an Enlightenment that, in its radical commitment to humanity, proposes a sharp inquiry into the “situationality” of reason and its emancipatory power, in the complex interaction between theory and practice.

Resumen En “Acerca de la pregunta: ¿qué significa ilustrar?” de 1784, Mendelssohn sostiene que la ilustración que está conectada con la vocación esencial (wesentlich Bestimmung) del ser humano en tanto que ser humano puede entrar en conflicto no solo con la moralidad -las vocaciones extra-esenciales (aufierwesentlichen Bestimmungen)- sino también con la vocación esencial del ciudadano, esto es, como miembro de un Estado. En estos casos, afirma Mendelssohn, es necesario cierto cuidado y precaución, cierta prudencia (Klugheit), en el uso de la ilustración. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el significado de esta apelación a la prudencia, por parte de Mendelssohn, como símbolo de una Ilustración que, en su compromiso radical con la humanidad, propone una aguda indagación sobre la “situacionalidad” de la razón y su poder emancipador, en la compleja interacción entre teoría y práctica.

Abstract Financial resilience is a faculty that improves the capabilities of companies to identify financial problems, resist them, confront them and recover quickly in the face of an economic crisis, such as that generated by COVID-19. The objective of this article is to determine the effects of financial resilience on the economic well-being of MSMEs in Baja California, Mexico. An economic well-being index is estimated based on the OECD/INFE (2020) methodology and an econometric model with information from 465 entrepreneurs to prove that financial resilience attenuated economic shocks in MSMEs during the recent period of economic crisis. The results suggest that, although the economic deficit negatively affected the economic well-being of the MSME, the majority of entrepreneurs preferred to be prudent, supporting deficits and avoiding new financial instruments. It was evident that MSME entrepreneurs sought to restore and improve their economic well-being through financial prudence.

Resumen La resiliencia financiera es una facultad que mejora las capacidades de las empresas para identificar problemas financieros, resistirlos, afrontarlos y recuperarse rápidamente ante una situación de crisis económica, como la generada por el COVID-19. El objetivo del presente artículo es determinar los efectos de la resiliencia financiera sobre el bienestar económico de la MiPyMe en Baja California, México. Se estima un índice de bienestar económico con base en la metodología de OECD/INFE (2020) y un modelo econométrico con información de 465 empresarios para probar que la resiliencia financiera atenuó los choques económicos en las MiPyMe durante el periodo reciente de crisis económica. Los resultados sugieren que, si bien el déficit económico afectó negativamente al bienestar económico de la MiPyMe, la mayoría de empresarios prefirieron ser prudentes, soportando déficits y evitar nuevos instrumentos financieros. Se evidenció que los empresarios de MiPyMe buscaron a través de la prudencia financiera restablecer y mejorar su bienestar económico.

Thomas Aquinas has argued that the passion of hope is the movement of the sensitive appetite and the first of the irascible passion. The first part of the article aims to explore the cause and the mechanism of the passion of hope, and tries to clarify the relationship between the passion of hope and the perception. In human beings, it is possible that the passion of hope is caused by false judgement of the perception, which will lead to the result of false hope. In Aquinas's argument, the problem of false hope could be solved through the moral virtue and the prudence. In the second part of this article, the aim is to analyse how the virtue of magnanimity, humility and the prudence work impact on the passion of hope and perfect it. CONTRIBUTION: This research concentrates on the topic of the passion of hope of Thomas Aquinas, and provides a new perspective on the understanding of the relationship between the passion and the virtue.

Abstract Background The diagnostic and prognostic relevance of Human Leukocyte Antigen B-27 (HLA-B27) in Axial Spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) is undeniable, with 70% of Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) patients carrying the B27 gene, contrasted with a mere 4.35% in the general population. Flow cytometry (FC) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) have emerged as the predominant techniques for routine HLA-B27 typing. While various studies have compared these methods, none have catered to the unique characteristics of the Brazilian demographic. Therefore, this research aims to compare FC and PCR in a Brazilian cohort diagnosed with AxSpA. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was undertaken involving 62 AxSpA outpatients from a Brazilian University Hospital. Both FC and PCR-SSP assays were utilized to ascertain HLA-B27 typing. The outcomes (either confirming or refuting the allele’s presence) underwent rigorous scrutiny. Agreement between the methodologies was assessed using the kappa statistic. A p-value of < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results Of the participants, 90.3% (n= 56) were HLA-B27 positive according to FC, while 79% (n= 49) were identified as positive using the PCR method. FC exhibited a sensitivity rate of 98% paired with a specificity of 38.5%. The Positive Predictive Value for FC stood at 85.7%, and the Negative Predictive Value was 83.5%. Consequently, the overall accuracy of the FC method was gauged at 85.5%. A kappa coefficient of κ = 0.454 was derived. Conclusions FC demonstrated noteworthy sensitivity and satisfactory accuracy in HLA-B27 detection, albeit with a reduced specificity when contrasted with PCR-SSP. Nevertheless, given its cost-effectiveness and streamlined operation relative to PCR, FC remains a pragmatic option for preliminary screening in clinical practice, especially in low-income regions. To optimize resource allocation, we advocate for a refined algorithm that initiates by assessing the relevance of HLA-B27 typing based on Choosing Wisely recommendations. It then leans on FC, and, if results are negative yet clinical suspicion persists, advances to PCR. This approach aims to balance diagnostic accuracy and financial prudence, particularly in regions contending with escalating medical costs. B 27 B-2 HLAB27 HLAB HLA (HLA-B27 (AxSpA undeniable 70 AS (AS B2 gene 435 4 35 4.35 population (FC (PCR HLA-B2 methods demographic Therefore crosssectional cross sectional 6 Hospital PCRSSP SSP either alleles allele s presence scrutiny statistic pvalue p value 005 0 05 0.0 significant participants 903 90 3 90.3 n= n (n 56 79 49 98 385 38 5 38.5% 857 85 7 85.7% 835 83 83.5% Consequently 855 85.5% 0454 454 0.45 derived detection PCRSSP. SSP. Nevertheless costeffectiveness cost effectiveness practice lowincome low income allocation recommendations persists prudence costs 2 B- HLAB2 (HLA-B2 43 4.3 HLA-B 00 0. 9 90. 38.5 8 85.7 83.5 85.5 045 45 0.4 (HLA-B 4. 38. 85. 83. 04

Abstract The music sector stands out in the Creative-Cultural Industry due to its revenue and number of jobs. Despite this, working conditions and other facets of musical activity are still little studied. This article presents partial results of a project to produce material to support healthy drumming teaching and is based on interviews with drummer teachers who discussed learning, performing, and teaching drums. Four major groups of themes were identified, of which the article discusses the first: playing the drums. To talk about performance, the interviewees addressed different dimensions of musical practice - the use of the body when playing, breathing, musical genres, the relationships between listening and playing, thinking and playing, the causes of injuries. The article presents examples of what they said and discusses aspects of the performer's corporeality and prudential knowledge, indicating future developments in the study of musicians' activities for ergonomics.

Resumen El sector de la música destaca dentro de la Industria Creativo-Cultural por sus ingresos y número de puestos de trabajo. A pesar de ello, las condiciones de trabajo y otras facetas de la actividad musical aún están poco estudiadas. Este artículo presenta resultados parciales de un proyecto de producción de material para apoyar la enseñanza saludable de la batería y se basa en entrevistas con profesores bateristas que discutieron sobre cómo aprender, tocar y enseñar la batería. Se identificaron cuatro grandes grupos temáticos, de los cuales el artículo analiza el primero: tocar la batería. Para hablar de la interpretación, los entrevistados abordaron diferentes dimensiones de la práctica musical: el uso del cuerpo al tocar, la respiración, los géneros musicales, las relaciones entre escuchar y tocar, pensar y tocar, las causas de las lesiones. El artículo presenta ejemplos de lo que éstos han dicho y discute aspectos de la corporalidad y el conocimiento prudencial del intérprete, indicando desarrollos futuros en el estudio de las actividades de los músicos para la ergonomía.

Resumo O setor da música destaca-se na Indústria Criativo-Cultural pelo faturamento e número de empregos. Apesar disso, as condições de trabalho e outras facetas da atividade musical ainda são pouco estudados. Este artigo traz resultados parciais de um projeto de produção de material de apoio ao ensino saudável de bateria e se baseia em entrevistas com bateristas professores que discutiram o aprendizado, a performance e o ensino de bateria. Quatro grandes grupos de temas foram identificados, dos quais o artigo discute o primeiro: tocar bateria. Para falar sobre a performance, os entrevistados abordaram diferentes dimensões da prática musical - o uso do corpo ao tocar, a respiração, os gêneros musicais, as relações entre ouvir e tocar, pensar e tocar, as causas das lesões. O artigo apresenta exemplos do que disseram e discute aspectos da corporeidade do performer e dos saberes de prudência, indicando futuros desenvolvimentos do estudo da atividade dos músicos para a ergonomia.

Résumé Le secteur de la musique se distingue dans l'industrie créative et culturelle par ses revenus et le nombre d'emplois. Malgré cela, les conditions de travail et autres facettes de l’activité musicale sont encore peu étudiées. Cet article présente les résultats partiels d'un projet visant à produire du matériel pour soutenir un enseignement sain de la batterie et est basé sur des entretiens avec des professeurs de batteur qui ont discuté de l'apprentissage, de l'interprétation et de l'enseignement de la batterie. Quatre grands groupes de thèmes ont été identifiés, dont l'article aborde le premier : le jeu de la batterie. Pour parler de performance, les interviewés ont abordé différentes dimensions de la pratique musicale - l’utilisation du corps dans le jeu, la respiration, les genres musicaux, les relations entre écouter et jouer, penser et jouer, les causes des blessures. L'article présente des exemples de ce qu'ils ont dit et discute des aspects de la corporéité et des connaissances prudentielles de l'interprète, indiquant les développements futurs dans l'étude des activités des musiciens pour l'ergonomie.

Resumo A contínua popularização do acesso à internet permitiu um expressivo crescimento das redes sociais nas últimas décadas. A alta velocidade com que as informações são difundidas no meio virtual, em uma sociedade cada vez mais conectada, sinaliza a potencialidade lesiva da utilização inadequada das redes sociais. É crescente a preocupação acerca dos impactos da disseminação de discursos de ódio e notícias falsas, além do compartilhamento não autorizado de nudez e pornografia. Esse estudo objetiva investigar se a concepção de virtude proposta por Cícero, dialoga com o atual aparato jurídico-normativo - e, em especial, com o instituto da responsabilidade civil - frente aos danos decorrentes do exercício abusivo da liberdade de expressão nas redes sociais. Essa pesquisa recorreu ao método dedutivo e à revisão bibliográfica. Muitos conceitos tratados por Cícero foram incorporados pelo pensamento jurídico ocidental ao longo da história, a exemplo da boa-fé e do bem comum, os quais impõem limites ao exercício das liberdades individuais, como a liberdade de expressão, além de representar importantes balizas a orientar a interpretação e a aplicação de todo o ordenamento. A razão, a prudência e a moderação devem se fazer presentes para a preservação de um debate produtivo e respeitoso entre os membros da comunidade. O exercício abusivo da liberdade de expressão, com repercussão negativa na esfera de terceiros, viola os preceitos de Justiça (“não fazer mal a outrem” e "dar a cada um aquilo que lhe é devido"), reclamando a aplicação da responsabilidade civil como mecanismo apto à reparação dos danos.

Abstract The steady growth of Internet access has led to a significant increase of social media in the last decades. The high speed at which information spreads online, in an increasingly connected society, indicates the harmful potentiality of the inappropriate use of social media. There is increasing concern about the impact of hate speech and the spread of fake news, as well as the dissemination of intimate images, nude photos or pornography without consent. This study examines whether the concept of virtue as proposed by Cicero is applicable to the contemporary legal apparatus and its compatibility with civil liability standards when confronted with damages due an abusive exercise of free speech on social media. A deductive approach and literature review were used in this research. Many of the concepts discussed by Cicero have been incorporated into Western law throughout history, such as good faith and the common good, which place limits on the exercise of individual freedoms, such as freedom of expression, and also provide important guideposts for the interpretation and application of the entire legal system. Reason, prudence and moderation must be present to ensure respectful and productive debate among members of society. The abusive exercise of the right to free expression, with negative effects on third parties, violates the precepts of justice ("do no harm" and "to give each his own") and requires the enforcement of civil liability as an appropriate means of redress.

Abstract The affective influence around the elaboration of the judgment that is the product of the habit of virtue has been extensively and explicitly treated both by Saint Thomas and by his commentators, mainly by deepening the nature of virtue and the understanding of it as second nature. This same relationship has a central place in knowledge by affective connaturality, reflected in the work of Aquinate. However, only in the twentieth century there was an interest of its commentators to delve into this type of knowledge generated by inborn nature. However, this recent investigation did not stop at specifying some topics that we intend to develop in this work, namely, the degree of certainty inherent to the judgment by connaturality, the place that prudence has and the influence of passion in the articulation of the intelligence and the internal senses subordinate to it, especially the cogitative.

Resumen La influencia afectiva en torno a la elaboración del juicio que es producto del hábito de la virtud ha sido amplia y explícitamente tratada tanto por santo Tomás como por sus comentadores, principalmente al profundizar la naturaleza de la virtud y la comprensión de esta como segunda naturaleza. Esta misma relación tiene un lugar central en el conocimiento por connaturalidad afectiva, reflejado en la obra del Aquinate. Sin embargo, recién en el siglo XX hubo un interés de sus comentaristas por profundizar en torno a este tipo de conocimiento generado por connaturalidad. No obstante, esta reciente indagación no se detuvo en precisar algunos tópicos que pretendemos desarrollar en este trabajo, a saber, el grado de certeza propio del juicio por connaturalidad, el lugar que tiene la prudencia y la influencia de la pasión en la articulación de la inteligencia y los sentidos internos subordinados a ella, en especial la cogitativa.

Abstract Since antiquity, the Vitruvian tradition has dominated the ways in which western thought has framed Architecture and the role of the Architect. This tradition has made architecture a discipline that is necessarily related to the design and construction of a building, as well as to the object itself. However, at the time Vitruvius was writing his De Architectura, different notions of what Architecture is permeated the writings of philosophers and playwrights. In Cicero and Euripides, but specially in Plautus, we can find Architectures with ends that deviated from Art and came closer to Politics, and architects with faculties that had less to do with technic and more with prudence. With the help of Aristotelic thought we will see that the figures of these architects came not from the whims of dramaturgs or moralists, and were in fact sustained on a epistemological and practical base that found in Architecture a mode of thought and action that went well beyond the design and construction of buildings.

Resumen Desde la antigüedad hasta hoy, la tradición vitruviana ha dominado los modos en que se ha entendido el oficio de la arquitectura y la figura del arquitecto en Occidente. Esta tradición hace de la arquitectura una práctica necesariamente relacionada con la edificación. Sin embargo, en los tiempos en que Vitruvio escribía su De Architectura, diferentes nociones sobre el oficio permeaban tanto en escritos dramáticos y filosóficos como en el sentido común de la época. En Cicerón y Eurípides, pero sobre todo en Plauto, encontramos arquitecturas cuyos objetivos se alejaban del arte y se acercaban a la política, y arquitectos con habilidades que tenían menos que ver con la técnica, y más con la prudencia. Con ayuda del pensamiento aristotélico, veremos que estas figuras no eran meros caprichos dramatúrgicos ni moralistas, sino que poseían un fundamento epistemológico y práctico, que encontraba en la arquitectura un modo de pensar y de actuar más allá de la proyección y construcción de edificios.

Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to propose the inclusion of the expertise of a prudent agent in the reflective equilibrium procedure, adding a disposition to identify reasonable beliefs that would be seen as the starting point of the method, which could avoid the criticism of conservatism and subjectivism. To do so, I will begin by analyzing the central characteristics of the method and its main faults. Afterwards, I will investigate the characteristics of prudence as a disposition to identify the adequate means to achieve a good end. With this in mind, I will apply prudence to the procedure, so that it will be carried out by an agent who deliberates well, identifying reasonable moral beliefs and, then, we must justify them based on their consistency with ethical principles and with the factual beliefs of relevant scientific theories. Finally, I will argue that this deliberative process is consistent with ethical pluralism and democracy, and can be taken as a kind of moral knowledge. Abstract procedure subjectivism faults Afterwards end mind well then theories Finally democracy knowledge

Resumo: O objetivo central deste artigo é propor a inclusão da expertise de um agente prudente no procedimento do equilíbrio reflexivo, adicionando uma disposição para identificar crenças razoáveis que seriam vistas como o ponto de partida do método, o que poderia evitar as críticas de conservadorismo e subjetivismo. Para tanto, inicia-se pela análise das características centrais do método e suas principais fraquezas. Após, investigam-se as características da prudência como uma disposição para identificar os meios adequados para realizar um fim bom. De posse disso, aplica-se a prudência no procedimento, de forma que ele será executado por um agente que bem delibera, identificando crenças morais razoáveis e, depois, deve-se justificá-las com base em sua coerência com os princípios éticos e com as crenças factuais de teorias científicas relevantes. Por fim, defende-se que esse processo deliberativo é consistente com o pluralismo ético e com a democracia, podendo ser tomado como um tipo de conhecimento moral. Resumo reflexivo subjetivismo tanto iniciase inicia se fraquezas Após investigamse investigam bom disso aplicase aplica delibera depois devese deve justificálas justificá las relevantes defendese defende democracia moral

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender a relação entre virtudes morais e phronesis a partir de voluntários de organizações da sociedade civil que atuam pela proteção e auxílio de gestantes, conhecidas como pró-vida. Marco teórico: apresenta-se a perspectiva da ética das virtudes na abordagem neoaristotélica como arcabouço teórico, segundo a qual a conduta humana é entendida com base nas disposições do caráter, as virtudes morais, bem como por meio da sabedoria prática ou phronesis, tendo por finalidade (telos) o florescimento humano. Método: a estratégia de pesquisa consiste em uma abordagem qualitativa de estudos de casos múltiplos em organizações brasileiras (n = 2) e espanholas (n = 2), focando-se em seus voluntários (n = 17 participantes). O acesso ao campo foi realizado por meio de observação participante, entrevista presencial semiestruturada e pesquisa documental, analisando tematicamente o seu conteúdo com o auxílio do software NVivo. Resultados: os resultados sugerem como eles atuam e aprendem virtudes ao longo de sua experiência como voluntário - prudência (phronesis), temperança, coragem e esperança - para saber abordar, aconselhar, julgar ou conter o julgamento e ajudar gestantes a estabelecer prioridades e perspectivas para o futuro (foresight). As evidências suportam a relação entre phronesis-temperança e phronesis-esperança, para equilibrar prioridades correntes e expectativas futuras. Conclusão: contextos diferentes podem revelar virtudes semelhantes nas práticas de voluntários. Os resultados reforçam o pressuposto da unidade das virtudes. Evidências, limitações e possibilidades de pesquisa são discutidas.

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the relationship between moral virtues and phronesis from volunteers of civil society organizations that work for the protection and assistance of pregnant women, known as pro-life. Theoretical framework: the perspective of virtue ethics is presented in the neo-Aristotelian approach as a theoretical framework, according to which human conduct is understood as based on the dispositions of character, the moral virtues, as well as through practical wisdom or phronesis, with the purpose (telos) of human flourishing. Method: the research strategy consists of a qualitative multiple case study approach in Brazilian (n = 2) and Spanish (n = 2) organizations, focusing on their volunteers (n = 17 participants). The field was accessed through participant observation, semi-structured face-to-face interview, and documentary research, thematically analyzing their content with the aid of NVivo software. Results: the results suggest how they act and learn virtues throughout their experience as volunteers - prudence (phronesis), temperance, courage, and hope - to know how to approach, advise, judge, or restrain judgment and help pregnant women establish priorities and perspectives for the future (foresight). Evidence supports the relationship of the phronesis-temperance and phronesis-hope relationship to balance current priorities and future expectations. Conclusion: different contexts may reveal similar virtues in volunteer practices. The results reinforce the assumption of the unity of virtues. Evidence, limitations, and research possibilities are discussed.

Grade 12 learners, in many instances, have early and late classes unlike the rest of the learners in the school. Sometimes their classes run over weekends and during school holidays. The aim of this study was to establish whether there was value in subjecting learners to extra classes over and above their normal class periods. We used the qualitative approach and purposive sampling to select the sample. The teaching of only 1 subject, accounting, was studied and the value of extra classes evaluated. Schools in the KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa, that have consistently produced a 100% pass rate over a period of 3 years were selected to participate in the study. Data were collected using an interview schedule. The analysis of the data confirms that there is value in subjecting learners to more teaching because there is a direct relationship between teaching and learner performance. The worked example effect, as recommended through the cognitive load theory, was found to be dominant among the teaching strategies that accounting teachers used in extra classes.

Brucellosis is an important bacterial zoonosis responsible for considerable economic losses in livestock and health-related burden worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in communal and smallholder cattle farming in four districts of the North West province of South Africa (Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati, Ngaka Modiri Molema, Bojanala platinum and Dr Kenneth Kaunda districts). Seven hundred and seventy blood samples from farmed animals (n = 378) and abattoir-slaughtered animals (n = 392) were collected. In addition, milk samples (n = 22) were collected from lactating farmed cows. Rose Bengal test (RBT), complement fixation test (CFT) and milk ring test (MRT) were used to detect antibodies against Brucella species. The RBT showed a seroprevalence of 2% at 95% confidence interval (CI: 1.35-3.35), CFT confirmed an overall seroprevalence of 1.95% (95% CI: 1.14-3.12) for all four districts sampled. Although the seroprevalence of brucellosis was found to be low, the possibility of undetected cases of the disease could not be ruled out. Overall, the findings of this study confirmed that brucellosis is endemic in the surveyed areas of the North West province of South Africa. CONTRIBUTION: The outcome of this study will contribute to the National Brucellosis Project organised by the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (2016-2026) to assist in the effective implementation of the disease control measures with a view to prevent further outbreaks in the country's cattle population

Resumen El presente trabajo desarrolla una interpretación aristotélica del Principio de Precaución para mostrar que la evaluación y gestión de los riesgos científico-tecnológicos tendrían que quedar estrechamente vinculadas a procesos de deliberación política en la que participen comunidades no expertas. Esta recuperación del sentido político de la phrónesis y su traslación al campo de la regulación evita la tentación de buscar vías de resolución autoritarias o tecnocráticas a los problemas de riesgo ambiental. Además, permite dar respuesta a dos críticas lanzadas recurrentemente al Principio de Precaución: 1) la que advierte sobre la desconsideración de las consecuencias negativas derivadas de su aplicación, y 2) la que afirma que está basada en sesgos que distorsionan el juicio y provocan malas decisiones. Frente a estas objeciones, una concepción político-prudencial de la precaución mostrará que un proceso deliberativo incluyente es la mejor estrategia para detectar efectos indeseables y, por tanto, para mejorar nuestras decisiones.

Abstract This paper develops an Aristotelian interpretation of the Precautionary Principle to show that assessment and management of scientific-technological risk should be closely linked to processes of political deliberation involving non-expert communities. This recovery of the political sense of phrónesis and its translation to the field of regulation avoids the temptation to seek authoritarian or technocratic ways of resolving environmental risk problems. Moreover, it allows us to respond to two criticisms recurrently launched against the Precautionary Principle: 1) that which warns of the disregard of the negative consequences derived from its application and 2) that which claims that it is based on biases that distort judgment and lead to bad decisions. In the face of these objections, a political-prudential conception of precaution will show that an inclusive deliberative process is the best strategy for detecting undesirable effects and, therefore, for improving our decisions.

Resumo A partir do poema “Abre-te boca e proclama”, do livro Lira paulistana (1945), de Mário de Andrade, este artigo analisa a relação entre produção intelectual e censura na Era Vargas, como um dos ecos da Segunda Guerra Mundial no contexto brasileiro. A Era Vargas foi marcada por um governo autoritário que recorreu à censura e à propaganda para manter seu funcionamento político populista por meio da cooptação de intelectuais para compor o funcionalismo público. Exercendo uma dupla função, muitos autores utilizaram de diferentes artifícios para publicarem suas obras ou fizeram uso das diferentes formas de silenciamento para conciliarem suas funções, pois o Estado era, também, o caminho possível para a realização do bem coletivo. Desse modo, a escrita literária necessitava de cautela e sabedoria para ser, ao mesmo tempo, uma arma contra o governo Vargas, e um caminho para a democratização da cultura no país.

Abstract Based on the poem “Abre-te boca e proclaima”, from the book Lira Paulistana (1945), by Mário de Andrade, this article analyzes the relationship between intellectual production and censorship in the Vargas era, as one of the echoes of the Second World War in the Brazilian context. The Vargas era was marked by an authoritarian government that resorted to censorship and propaganda to maintain its populist political functioning, by co-opting intellectuals to make up the civil service. Exercising a dual function, many authors used different artifices to publish their works or made use of different forms of silencing to reconcile their functions, as the State was also the possible way to achieve the collective good. Thus, literary writing needed caution and wisdom to be, at the same time, a weapon against the Vargas government, and a path to the democratization of culture in the country.

Résumé A partir du poème “Abre-te boca e proclama”, du livreLira Paulistana(1945), de Mário de Andrade, cet article analyse la relation entre production intellectuelle et censure dans l’Ère Vargas, comme l’un des échos de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale dans le contexte brésilien. L’Ère Vargas a été marquée par un gouvernement autoritaire qui a fait recours à la censure et à la propagande pour maintenir son fonctionnement politique populiste, en cooptant des intellectuels pour composer la fonction publique. En exerçant une double fonction, de nombreux auteurs ont utilisé différents artifices pour publier leurs œuvres ou se sont servis de différentes manières de se taire pour concilier leurs fonctions, littéraire avait besoin de prudence et de sagesse pour être, à la fois, une arme contre le gouvernement Vargas, et une voie vers la démocratisation de la culture dans le pays.