Abstract In the county of Pedra Lavrada - PB, various mineral occurrences of pegmatite are observed with prominence at Alto Dois Irmãos - PB, where quartz, feldspar and mica are mined. The understanding of mineral constituents is fundamental to define their industrial employment and to implement improvements in the beneficiation process. The proposal of this research is the detailed characterization and proof of that part of the ore (quartz) considered waste, presenting low poisoning (Fe2O3) and high silica (SiO2) content, to enable its industrial use. Besides that, to minimize the environmental impact through the reuse of this waste, and to determine the correct utilization of the milling equipment. For the pegmatite characterization, done were density determination tests, mineralogical identification by X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical analysis by fluorescents X-rays and morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS). Then tests were done for the Work Index (WI) calculous and consequently the empirical determination of the dimensions (LxD) of the pebble mill. The sterile presented a medium density of 2.66g/cm³, majority chemical composition of silicon and oxygen and quartz as the main mineralogical stage, indicating that this material has high purity. The. The Work Index (WI) was 15.9 kwh/t showing that this material can be considered resistant to breaking in the grinding process. The necessary energy to the milling was defined in 11.52 kwh/st, that corresponds to 57.28 HP. This power allowed the mill selection with diammeter and length of 1.83m, that provides the production maximization and the energy saving. PB mined process (quartz waste Fe2O3 FeO Fe O (Fe2O3 SiO2 SiO (SiO2 content use equipment Xray X ray XRD, XRD , (XRD) Xrays rays SEM/EDS. SEMEDS SEM/EDS . SEM EDS (SEM/EDS) WI (WI LxD (LxD 266gcm³ gcm 2 66g cm³ g cm 2.66g/cm³ stage purity 159 15 9 15. kwht kwh t 1152 11 52 11.5 kwhst st kwh/st 5728 57 28 57.2 HP 183m m 1 83m 1.83m saving Fe2O (Fe2O (SiO (XRD (SEM/EDS 266gcm 2.66g/cm 115 5 11. 572 57.

Workplace-based evaluation is one of the most important, but challenging aspects of medical education. The aim was to improve the assessment of the rural community-based clinical training for undergraduate 3rd and 4th year family medicine students at the University of Namibia (UNAM) and implement a paperless process. An online module was developed on the Moodle platform to include a study guide, an electronic portfolio, and electronic resources (e-books and apps) to replace the current paper version of the logbook. We explored local resources by engaging with students and clinical trainers on how to best conduct the initial implementation. Engagement also entailed motivating students to actively participate in the implementation process. All 3rd and 4th year community-based education end service (COBES) students are now submitting proof of clinical learning electronically with the use of their phones in their online portfolio and using online resources. In addition, students in the practical family medicine module that has been introduced in the 6th year since 2023 are now also using an electronic portfolio and these assessment tools. CONTRIBUTION: Overall feedback from students and supervisors indicates a positive atmosphere of learning and constructive feedback on performance from all team members, hopefully improving work-based assessments and ultimately patient care. More members of the primary health care team were involved and the carbon footprint has also been decreased

Glossolalia has been a major divisive doctrine in the Christendom, as some Pentecostals claim that it is proof of being a real Christian. This article examined the extent to which tongues-speaking in the neo-Pentecostal churches in Nigeria conforms to New Testament (NT) teaching. It employed narrative criticism and the phenomenological approach. The essay found that glossolalia appeared in the NT in both human and unintelligible languages. As the gift caused disorderliness in the Corinthian church, Paul says it is desirable but should not be allowed to disrupt worship. During worship, there should not be more than three people speaking in tongues, and they should do it in turn. Most importantly, if there is not an interpreter, there should be no tongues-speaking at all. The work further discovered that in the Nigerian neo-Pentecostal churches, it is the unintelligible form of glossolalia that is predominantly practised, and usually without interpretation, thereby contradicting Paul's order. Moreover, the gift is being feigned by many to prove that they are born-again. In terms of its nature and conduct, therefore, glossolalia in the neo-Pentecostal churches in Nigeria is more of a deliberate practice than a continuation of the NT practice. INTRADISCIPLINARY AND/OR INTERDISCIPLINARY IMPLICATIONS: The disciplines of NT theology and Christian ethics are implicated in this article. It argues that the glossolalia being practised in the Nigerian neo-Pentecostal churches is virtually a deliberate practice rather than a spiritual gift

Resumo O presente artigo analisa o trabalho de três artistas contemporâneas, independentes e ativas no panorama da banda desenhada portuguesa: Hetamoé, Joana Mosi e Ana Margarida Matos. Faz uma leitura formal detalhada do seu trabalho, seguindo o artigo fundamental de Peter Wollen sobre contra-cinema. Apesar das ressalvas quanto à adoção de noções absolutas e inequívocas de diferentes media, há suficientes pontos em comum e características narratológicas que proporcionam comparações estimulantes. Tal como no cinema, também na banda desenhada existe um entendimento normativo amplamente aceite do modo de criação de sentido da banda desenhada, contra o qual estas três autoras apresentam aquilo a que se pode chamar, a exemplo de Wollen, estratégias formais de resistência. A banda desenhada portuguesa tem uma história conturbada, que envolve um desenvolvimento económico difícil e a falta de um reconhecimento social mais amplo (como um campo culturalmente relevante). No entanto, os seus domínios e subculturas mais independentes têm dado provas de criadores individuais empenhados, informados e inventivos. As mulheres criadoras não são exceção à regra, e este grupo em particular demonstra três potencialidades para expandir o campo, tanto política como esteticamente. Além disso, estas mesmas estratégias de des/re/construção abordam questões associadas à identidade, ao autorretrato, a questões corporais, à memória e aos próprios processos de criação de significado em que assenta o seu trabalho. As dimensões feministas do seu trabalho, ainda que bastante variadas, permitem detetar interpretações intensas do eu e do papel da mulher num processo mais amplo de autorrealização e vida social. Assim, utilizarei as noções de “cuteness” (fofura) e “animatedness” (animação) de Sianne Ngai para compreender como as três autoras interpretam e constroem o seu eu na banda desenhada.

Abstract The present paper analyses the work of three contemporary, independent women artists active in the Portuguese comics scene: Hetamoé, Joana Mosi, and Ana Margarida Matos. It provides a close formal reading of their work by following Peter Wollen's seminal article on counter-cinema. Despite the caveats of adopting whole cloth and in a clearcut manner notions from different media, there are enough commonalities and narratological features that provide stimulating comparisons. As in cinema, comics also have a broadly accepted normative understanding of comics' way of creating meaning, against which these three authors present what one can call, after Wollen, resisting formal strategies. Portuguese comics have had a troubled history, which entails a difficult economic development and the lack of wider social recognition (as a culturally relevant field). However, its most independent realms and sub-cultures have provided ample proof of engaged, informed, and inventive individual creators. Women creators are no exception to this, and this particular group shows three potentialities of opening up the field, both politically and aesthetically. Moreover, these same de/re/constructive strategies broach issues associated with identity, self-portrait, bodily matters, memory, and the very meaning-making processes at the core of their work. The feminist dimensions of their work, albeit quite varied, allow one to detect intense interpretations of the self and the role of womanhood in a broader process of self-actualization and social life. Thus, I will use Sianne Ngai's notions of "cuteness" and "animatedness" to understand the three author's specific manners of doing so, as depicted and constructed within the medium of comics.

ABSTRACT The topic of the equality of triangles, the fundamental basis for the study of geometric contents, is taught and consolidated in the eighth grade. The present research proposes the feasibility of applying the General Heuristic Program as an alternative for the treatment of the teaching content in the demonstrations of equality of triangles in the eighth grade of Basic Secondary School. The dialectical materialist method was used with the predominance of the quantitative approach and assumed a study sample of 23 students from an intentionally selected group of eighth grade. Observation, analysis of the product of the activity, and interview were applied together with other methods and techniques. These made it possible to verify the difficulties in the teaching-learning process of the contents related to Unit 2 Plane geometry and calculation of bodies, specifically on the topic of equality of triangles. This is complex for the learners since they must apply concepts, propositions as well as procedures. For all these reasons, it is necessary to use the General Heuristic Program, which is incorporated through demonstration exercises. The partial evaluation of this work gave a positive result, which shows the effectiveness of the proposal.

RESUMEN El tema sobre igualdad de triángulos, base fundamental para el estudio de contenidos geométricos, se imparte y consolida en el octavo grado. La presente investigación expone la factibilidad de aplicación del Programa Heurístico General como alternativa para el tratamiento del contenido de enseñanza en las demostraciones de igualdad de triángulos en el octavo grado de Secundaria Básica. Se utiliza el método dialéctico materialista, con predominio del enfoque cuantitativo y asume una muestra de estudio de 23 estudiantes de un grupo de octavo grado seleccionado intencionalmente, en el que se aplicó la observación, el análisis del producto de la actividad y la entrevista entre otros métodos y técnicas, que permitieron constatar las dificultades en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los contenidos relativos a la Unidad 2: Geometría plana y cálculo de cuerpos, específicamente en el tema de igualdad de triángulos. Este resulta complejo para los estudiantes, ya que deben aplicar conceptos, proposiciones y procedimientos. Por todo lo expuesto se precisa la utilización del Programa Heurístico General que es incorporado mediante ejercicios de demostración. La evaluación parcial de este trabajo brindó un resultado positivo, lo que muestra la efectividad de la propuesta.

The topic of the equality of triangles, the fundamental basis for the study of geometric contents, is taught and consolidated in the eighth grade. The present research proposes the feasibility of applying the General Heuristic Program as an alternative for the treatment of the teaching content in the demonstrations of equality of triangles in the eighth grade of Basic Secondary School. The dialectical materialist method was used with the predominance of the quantitative approach and assumed a study sample of 23 students from an intentionally selected group of eighth grade. Observation, analysis of the product of the activity, and interview were applied together with other methods and techniques.  These made it possible to verify the difficulties in the teaching-learning process of the contents related to Unit 2 Plane geometry and calculation of bodies, specifically on the topic of equality of triangles. This is complex for the learners since they must apply concepts, propositions as well as procedures. For all these reasons, it is necessary to use the General Heuristic Program, which is incorporated through demonstration exercises. The partial evaluation of this work gave a positive result, which shows the effectiveness of the proposal.

El tema sobre igualdad de triángulos, base fundamental para el estudio de contenidos geométricos, se imparte y consolida en el octavo grado. La presente investigación expone la factibilidad de aplicación del Programa Heurístico General como alternativa para el tratamiento del contenido de enseñanza en las demostraciones de igualdad de triángulos en el octavo grado de Secundaria Básica. Se utiliza el método dialéctico materialista, con predominio del enfoque cuantitativo y asume una muestra de estudio de 23 estudiantes de un grupo de octavo grado seleccionado intencionalmente, en el que se aplicó la observación, el análisis del producto de la actividad y la entrevista entre otros métodos y técnicas, que permitieron constatar las dificultades en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los contenidos relativos a la Unidad 2: Geometría plana y cálculo de cuerpos, específicamente en el tema de igualdad de triángulos. Este resulta complejo para los estudiantes, ya que deben aplicar conceptos, proposiciones y procedimientos. Por todo lo expuesto se precisa la utilización del Programa Heurístico General que es incorporado mediante ejercicios de demostración. La evaluación parcial de este trabajo brindó un resultado positivo, lo que muestra la efectividad de la propuesta.

A disciplina de igualdade de triângulos, base fundamental para o estudo dos conteúdos geométricos, é ministrada e consolidada no oitavo ano. A presente investigação expõe a viabilidade da aplicação do Programa Heurístico Geral como alternativa para o tratamento do conteúdo didático nas demonstrações de igualdade de triângulos na oitava série do Ensino Médio Básico. Utiliza-se o método dialético materialista, com predominância da abordagem quantitativa e pressupõe uma amostra de estudo de 23 alunos de uma turma de oitavo ano selecionada intencionalmente, na qual foram aplicadas observação, análise do produto da atividade e entrevista entre outros. o que permitiu verificar as dificuldades no processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos conteúdos relativos à Unidade 2: Geometria plana e cálculo de corpos, especificamente na disciplina de igualdade de triângulos. Isso é complexo para os alunos, pois eles devem aplicar conceitos, proposições e procedimentos. Para tudo isso é necessária a utilização do Programa Heurístico Geral, que é incorporado por meio de exercícios de demonstração. A avaliação parcial deste trabalho proporcionou um resultado positivo, o que demonstra a eficácia da proposta.

The rights enshrined in CF/88 were created with the aim of protecting the citizen from excesses of the State, preventing abuses arising from public agents. The control of public administration is regulated through various normative acts, which bring rules, modalities and instruments for the organization of this control. This paper seeks to analyze how the external control of police activity is done by the Brazilian Public Prosecutor's Office (MP), as well as to analyze how such inspection activity can influence internal and external police action. This is an exploratory, applied and bibliographic research. As results we identify the origin of police organizations in Brazil; the execution of public security policies and their consequences for minorities; the normative structure of the State Public Ministry for acting in the external control of police activity. As practical implications we suggest actions that can reduce police violence such as Investing in the continued training of the police force regarding human rights, training and application of non-lethal weapons; Investment in police intelligence to improve the planning of operations; Investment in body cameras and in vehicles, as we believe it will inhibit violent actions, and will be a proof of defense for police officers who act within the law; Definition of norms and operational procedures on the performance in conflicted communities that can be audited by the MPE and accompanied by social bodies; Creation of a specific sector in the MPE for more effective control over police bodies. Strengthening internal control of police organisations.

Los derechos consagrados en la CF/88 fueron creados con el objetivo de proteger al ciudadano de los excesos del Estado, impidiendo los abusos provenientes de los agentes públicos. El control de la administración pública es regulado a través de diversos actos normativos, que traen reglas, modalidades e instrumentos para la organización de este control. Este trabajo busca analizar cómo se realiza el control externo de la actividad policial por parte del Ministerio Público (MP) brasileño, así como analizar cómo esa actividad de fiscalización puede influir en la actuación policial interna y externa. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, aplicada y bibliográfica. Como resultados identificamos el origen de las organizaciones policiales en Brasil; la ejecución de las políticas públicas de seguridad y sus consecuencias para las minorías; la estructura normativa del Ministerio Público del Estado para actuar en el control externo de la actividad policial. Como implicaciones prácticas sugerimos acciones que pueden reducir la violencia policial tales como Invertir en la formación continuada de la fuerza policial en materia de derechos humanos, entrenamiento y aplicación de armas no letales; Invertir en inteligencia policial para mejorar la planificación de las operaciones; Invertir en cámaras corporales y en vehículos, ya que creemos que inhibirá las acciones violentas, y será una prueba de defensa para los policías que actúan dentro de la ley; Definición de normas y procedimientos operativos sobre la actuación en comunidades conflictivas que puedan ser auditados por el MPE y acompañados por los órganos sociales; Creación de un sector específico en el MPE para un control más efectivo sobre los órganos policiales. Fortalecimiento del control interno de las organizaciones policiales.

Os direitos consagrados na CF/88, foram criados com o objetivo de resguardar o cidadão de excessos do Estado, impedindo abusos decorrentes de agentes públicos. O controle da administração pública é regulamentado através de diversos atos normativos, que trazem regras, modalidades e instrumentos para a organização desse controle. Este trabalho busca analisar como é feito o controle externo da atividade policial pelo Ministério Público (MP) brasileiro, bem como analisar como tal atividade de fiscalização pode influenciar na ação policial interna e externa. Esta é uma pesquisa exploratória, aplicada e bibliográfica. Como resultados identificamos a origem das organizações policiais no Brasil; a execução das políticas de segurança pública e suas consequências para as minorias; A estrutura normativa do Ministério Público Estadual para atuação no controle externo da atividade policial. Como implicações práticas sugerimos ações que podem reduzir a violência policial como: Investir na formação continuada da força policial no que tange aos direitos humanos, ao treinamento e aplicação de armas não letais; Investimento em inteligência policial para melhorar o planejamento das operações; Investimento em câmeras corporais e nas viaturas, pois acreditamos que inibirá as ações violentas, e será uma prova de defesa para os policiais que atuam dentro da lei; Definição de normas e procedimentos operacionais sobre a atuação em comunidades conflagradas que possam ser auditados pelo MPE e acompanhado pelos organismos sociais; Criação de um setor específico no MPE para o controle mais efetivo sobre os organismos policiais. E pelo Fortalecimento do controle interno das organizações policiais.

Abstract In the present paper, we evaluated how to contribute to the improvement of critical sense of the students in the mathematics classes. Specifically, for the purpose of promoting this way of thinking, named critical sense, we exposed a group of 6th grade students to an environment of argumentations and refutations applying a sequence of didactic activities that leads them to demonstrate the result of Plane Geometry: “the sum of the internal angles of any triangle is 180°”. Next, using this result, that they determined the sum of the internal angles of any polygon through a process of logical inference. In the tasks, which involved the communication of validations, the students were encouraged to make manipulations, to question, and to raise hypotheses, always aiming to build the necessary knowledge and geometric relationships, making their learning meaningful. To support our actions, we relied on Van Hiele and his theory on the development of geometric thinking, as well as on Balacheff and his works whereby him explore argumentations and refutations to the construction of mathematic validations. In analyzing the results, we based ourselves on Carraher and his criteria to characterize an individual as a critical thinker. Thus, we show that the development of critical thinking can be favored through pedagogical work that involves students in the construction of geometric validations, while observing the geometric learning levels proposed by Van Hiele. paper classes Specifically th Geometry 180°. 180 180° . 180°” Next inference tasks validations manipulations question hypotheses relationships meaningful actions results thinker Thus 18 1

Resumo Este artigo discute formas de contribuição para o aprimoramento do senso crítico dos educandos em sala de aula de Matemática. Especificamente, para fins de promoção dessa modalidade de pensamento chamada senso crítico, expusemos um grupo de alunos de 6º ano a um ambiente de argumentações e refutações, aplicando uma sequência de atividades didáticas que os conduzissem a demonstrar o seguinte resultado da Geometria Plana: “a soma dos ângulos internos de qualquer triângulo é 180°”. Assim, a seguir, usando este resultado, determinassem o valor da soma dos ângulos internos de um polígono qualquer por um processo de inferência lógica. Em relação às tarefas, que envolveram a explicitação de validações, os estudantes foram incentivados a fazer manipulações, produzir questionamentos e levantar hipóteses, visando construir conhecimentos e relações necessárias, tornando, dessa forma, os aprendizados significativos. Para fundamentar nossos trabalhos, apoiamo-nos na teoria do desenvolvimento do pensamento geométrico proposta por Van Hiele, bem como em Balacheff e nos seus trabalhos sobre argumentações e refutações para a construção de validações matemáticas. Para a análise dos resultados, embasamo-nos em Carraher e seus critérios para caracterizar um indivíduo como pensador crítico. Mostramos, assim, que o desenvolvimento do senso crítico pode ser favorecido por meio de um trabalho pedagógico que envolva os alunos na construção de validações geométricas. Matemática Especificamente º Plana 180°. 180 180° . 180°” Assim seguir lógica tarefas manipulações hipóteses necessárias tornando forma significativos apoiamonos apoiamo Hiele matemáticas resultados embasamonos embasamo Mostramos assim geométricas 18 1

ABSTRACT This work presents the design and prototyping of two 1U standard CubeSats for the First Brazilian MCTI Satellite Olympiad, launching one in a stratospheric helium-filled balloon. The nanosatellites were designed for two missions: Internet of Things connectivity in remote areas based on CubeSat (IoSat) and low-orbit harmful gamma radiation mapping (LOHGRM). The IoSat mission aimed to provide server connectivity for a remote sensor network. The LOHGRM CubeSat was designed for sensing and mapping gamma radiation power levels in the satellite’s orbit to construct a heat map to study the gamma radiation effect on the equipment. The prototype’s performance was evaluated based on physical, mechanical, magnetic, thermal, and transmission characterization, with satisfactory results under test conditions. The LOHGRM mission test was carried out on the ground as proof of concept without flying while a stratospheric balloon launched the IoSat prototype. Due to restrictions imposed by the competition, the IoSat nanosatellite only captured and registered altitude, pressure, and temperature data without testing the communication payload. Instead, this data was sent to the ground station through the competition communication system and stored in a memory card to assess its operation during the flying. The satellite’s maximum altitude was 22.6 km, operating under –23.5 °C. U Olympiad heliumfilled helium filled missions (IoSat loworbit low LOHGRM. . (LOHGRM) network satellites satellite s equipment prototypes prototype physical mechanical magnetic thermal characterization conditions pressure payload Instead 226 22 6 22. km 235 23 5 –23. C °C (LOHGRM 2 –23 –2 –

This work describes the analysis of molecular spectroscopy in the UV/Vis region, as well as the study of transmittance, absorption, and reflectance phenomena in an undergraduate class using an LED (light emitting diodes)-photometer and digital image-based (DIB) method using a smartphone to compare with a benchtop spectrophotometer and literature data employing paired T-test for 95% confidence. The novelties of this work are focused on the use of simple, low-cost, and portable analytical instrumentation, based on an RGB-LED photometer and DIB using a smartphone, for teaching Chemistry to undergraduate classes. Moreover, discussions were held on concepts related to the Beer-Lambert law, spectroscopy, pH, equilibrium shift, and calculation for determining the equilibrium constant and pKa of bromothymol blue, which was used as proof of concept. The advantages are the use of low-cost instrumentation for teaching Chemistry, students’ access to concepts, such as radiation source, photodetector, transmittance calculation from analog data, regulation of the power of the light emitted by the LED, and details to understand the interaction between matter and light were described by undergraduate students in Physics and Chemistry throughout the course of Experiments in Thermodynamic and Chemical Equilibrium. The better understanding of theoretical concepts and the possibility of taking the RGB-LED-photometer and DIB instrumentation to schools, exhibitions, science fairs, and Chemistry teaching meetings were pointed out by students as the main advantages of the instrumentation and methods described. UVVis UV Vis region absorption diodesphotometer diodes imagebased image (DIB Ttest T test 95 confidence simple lowcost, lowcost low cost, cost RGBLED RGB classes Moreover BeerLambert Beer Lambert law pH shift blue concept source photodetector Equilibrium RGBLEDphotometer schools exhibitions fairs 9

In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) obtained from photographic waste were synthesized and electrodeposited via cyclic voltammetry using epoxy-graphite composite as an electrochemical substrate. Both electrodes, unmodified (Epoxy/C) and modified (Epoxy/C/AgNPs), were characterized electrochemically by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), charge transfer constant (K0), and electroactive area. The modified electrode provided lower charge transfer resistance (275 Ω), more kinetically favored electron transfer (K0 = 1.15 × 10-3 cm s-1), and a 1.7-fold increase in the active area compared to the unmodified electrode. Additional characterizations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of AgNPs structures on the carbonaceous surface. As a proof of concept, Pb2+ was used as a model analyte, and a square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) method was developed to evaluate the analytical performance of both electrodes. A wider linear range (4.0 to 40.0 µg L-1), the appropriate limit of detection (1.2 µg L-1), and a 6-fold increase in sensitivity were found using the modified electrode, suggesting that the AgNPs significantly contributed to the performance of the electrode. The proposed method was applied to three real water samples, where the Pb2+ levels varied from 11.3 to 19.5 µg L-1. The proposed protocol (reuse of silver waste) has proven to be a powerful tool for improving the detection of Pb2+, which can be helpful for other electrochemical sensing applications in locations with minimal infrastructure. work (AgNPs epoxygraphite epoxy graphite substrate electrodes Epoxy/C EpoxyC Epoxy C (Epoxy/C Epoxy/C/AgNPs, EpoxyCAgNPs Epoxy/C/AgNPs , (Epoxy/C/AgNPs) EIS, EIS (EIS) K0, K0 K (K0) 275 (27 Ω, Ω Ω) (K 115 1 15 1.1 103 10 3 10- s1, s1 s s-1) 1.7fold 17fold fold 1.7 7 SEM (SEM surface concept Pb2 Pb analyte SWASV (SWASV 4.0 40 4 0 (4. 400 40. L1, L1 L L-1) 1.2 12 2 (1. 6fold 6 samples 113 11 11. 195 19 5 19. L1. 1. L-1 reuse infrastructure (Epoxy/C/AgNPs (EIS 27 (2 s-1 7fold 17 4. (4 (1 L- ( s-

Resumo A teoria do risco ou da responsabilidade objetiva dispensa a comprovação da culpa ou do dolo e tem como requisitos a ocorrência do dano e o nexo causal. Embora a constituição disponha a responsabilidade por acidente de trabalho como subjetiva, se tem observado na doutrina e no judiciário a adoção da responsabilidade objetiva em alguns casos de acidentes e doenças ocupacionais. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar decisões do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 15ª Região - São Paulo para conhecer em que situações a corte tem utilizado a responsabilidade objetiva. A pesquisa quanti-qualitativa, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, foi desenvolvida com base em análise documental e revisão bibliográfica. A pesquisa documental foi realizada em acórdãos que continham o descritor “acidente de trabalho”, disponíveis na base de dados do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho da 15ª Região, julgados no período entre 11/11/2015 e 10/11/2017. Os resultados indicaram que, do total de 559 casos julgados, em 275 a decisão foi de procedência, sendo 15% por responsabilidade objetiva. Considerando apenas os casos procedentes, a responsabilidade objetiva apareceu em 30,5% deles. Esse percentual revela que já é expressiva nessa corte a tomada de decisão com base na noção de responsabilidade objetiva, e que tal adoção tem potencial para afetar práticas de prevenção de acidentes.

Abstract The risk theory or objective liability dispenses proof of guilt or intent and requires only the occurrence of damage and the causal link. Although the constitution establishes the responsibility for work accidents as subjective, it has been observed in the doctrine and in the judiciary the adoption of objective liability in some cases of accidents and occupational diseases. This study aims to analyze the decisions of the Regional Labor Court of the 15th Region - São Paulo to know in which situations the court has used objective liability. The quantitative-qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research was developed based on document analysis and literature review. The document research was carried out in judgments that contained the descriptor “work accident,” available in the database of the Regional Labor Court of the 15th Region, judged between 11/11/2015 and 10/11/2017. The results indicated that, of the total of 559 cases judged, in 275 the decision was founded, being 15% by objective liability. Considering only the founded cases, objective liability appeared in 30.5% of them. This percentage reveals that decision-making based on the notion of objective liability is already expressive in this court, and that such adoption has the potential to affect accident prevention practices.

Abstract Argumentation frameworks are defeasible argumentation models developed in the field of artificial intelligence to analyze the justification of arguments according to their interaction through attacks. Extension semantics for argumentation frameworks are criteria for sanctioning one (skeptical point of view) or several (credulous point of view) subsets of justified arguments. One way to evaluate different extension semantics is by considering whether or not they satisfy some “principles” (that is, reasonable or desirable properties). In addition to these semantics, approaches to argumentation such as dialogue games have also been proposed, as proof theories to find justified arguments through the winning strategies of a proponent, and correspondences between games and extensions have been demonstrated. As a consequence, argumentative dialogue games can be put into correspondence with the principles of extension semantics. However, those correspondences are not always explicitly available. The aim of this work is to reveal such correspondences with cases of simple games, one skeptical and two variants of credulous.

Resumen Los marcos de argumentación son modelos de argumentación derrotable desarrollados en el campo de la inteligencia artificial para analizar la justificación de argumentos según su interacción por medio de ataques. Las semánticas de extensiones para los marcos de argumentación son criterios para sancionar uno (punto de vista escéptico) o varios (punto de vista crédulo) subconjuntos de argumentos justificados. Una forma de evaluar diferentes semánticas de extensiones es considerando si satisfacen o no algunos “principios” (es decir, propiedades razonables o deseables). Además de estas semánticas, también se han propuesto enfoques de la argumentación como juegos de diálogos, a modo de teorías de prueba para encontrar argumentos justificados a través de las estrategias ganadoras de un proponente, y se han demostrado correspondencias entre juegos y extensiones. Como consecuencia, los juegos de diálogos argumentativos se pueden poner en correspondencia con los principios de las semánticas de extensiones. Sin embargo, esas correspondencias no siempre se muestran explícitamente. El objetivo de este trabajo es poner de manifiesto tales correspondencias con casos de juegos simples, uno escéptico y dos variantes de crédulos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la aplicación de la Metodología Lean en un servicio de urgencias y su contribución a una gestión sostenible y de calidad. Método: se trata de un estudio metodológico realizado entre octubre de 2018 y enero de 2022 en el servicio de urgencias de adultos de un hospital universitario público del sur de Brasil, analizando los resultados antes y después de la implementación de la Metodología Lean. El estudio siguió el modelo y las normas adoptadas por el Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence 2.0 (SQUIRE) para describir las normas de los ciclos de mejora. Resultados: con la implementación de esta metodología, se desarrollaron acciones como innovaciones en las rutinas de trabajo, tanto asistenciales como de gestión, cambios en la recepción con clasificación de riesgo, construcción de unidades de atención y asignación de pacientes, reuniones interdisciplinarias diarias (huddle), plan de contingencia completo, rutinas de alta hospitalaria, traslados externos, cambios en el proceso de comunicación con usuarios y profesionales, entre otras acciones. Conclusión: la utilización de la Metodología Lean ha dado lugar a una reducción de los efectivos, lo que ha permitido optimizar los recursos de atención sanitaria y garantizar prácticas asistenciales y de gestión de calidad. Se considera que esta reducción es una prueba de gestión sostenible en los servicios de salud y contribuye a reducir las desigualdades socioeconómicas. Objetivo calidad Método 201 202 Brasil 20 2 0 2. SQUIRE (SQUIRE mejora Resultados metodología trabajo riesgo pacientes huddle, huddle , (huddle) completo hospitalaria externos profesionales Conclusión efectivos socioeconómicas (huddle

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the implementation of the Lean Methodology in an emergency department and its contribution to sustainable and quality management. Method: this is a methodological study carried out between October 2018 and January 2022 in the adult emergency department of a public university hospital in southern Brazil, analyzing the results before and after the implementation of the Lean Methodology. The study followed the model and standards adopted by the Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence 2.0 (SQUIRE) for the description of improvement cycle standards. Results: with the implementation of this methodology, actions were developed, such as innovations in work routines, both care and management, changes in patient reception with risk classification, construction of units for patient care and allocation, daily interdisciplinary meetings (huddle), full contingency plan, hospital discharge routines, external transfers, changes in the communication process with users and professionals, among other actions. Conclusion: the use of the Lean Methodology has resulted in a reduction in occupancy, which has helped to optimize health resources and ensure quality care and management practices. This reduction is believed to be proof of sustainable management in health services and contributes to reducing socio-economic inequalities. Objective Method 201 202 Brazil 20 2 0 2. SQUIRE (SQUIRE Results methodology developed routines classification allocation huddle, huddle , (huddle) plan transfers professionals Conclusion occupancy practices socioeconomic socio economic inequalities (huddle

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a implementação da Metodologia Lean em um serviço de emergência, e a contribuição para uma gestão sustentável e de qualidade. Método: Trata-se de estudo metodológico, realizado entre outubro de 2018 a janeiro de 2022, no serviço de emergência adulto de um hospital público universitário no Sul do Brasil, com análise de resultados antes e após a implementação da Metodologia Lean. O estudo seguiu o modelo e as normas adotadas pelo Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence 2.0 (SQUIRE) para a descrição dos padrões dos ciclos de melhoria. Resultados: Com a implementação desta metodologia, foram desenvolvidas ações, como inovações nas rotinas de trabalho, tanto assistenciais como gerenciais, mudanças no acolhimento com classificação de risco, construção de unidades para atendimento e alocação de pacientes, reuniões diárias interdisciplinares (huddle), plano de contingência pleno, rotinas de altas hospitalares, transferências externas, mudança no processo de comunicação com usuários e profissionais, dentre outras ações. Conclusão: A utilização da Metodologia Lean resultou na diminuição da lotação e com isto pode-se otimizar recursos de saúde e assegurar práticas assistenciais e gerenciais de qualidade. Acredita-se que esta diminuição seja a comprovação de uma gestão sustentável em serviços de saúde e colabora para a redução de desigualdades socioeconômicas. Objetivo qualidade Método Tratase Trata se metodológico 201 2022 Brasil 20 2 0 2. SQUIRE (SQUIRE melhoria Resultados metodologia ações trabalho risco pacientes huddle, huddle , (huddle) pleno hospitalares externas profissionais Conclusão podese pode Acreditase Acredita socioeconômicas 202 (huddle

The traditional African society attached special value to female virginity, associating it with personal purity and honour. But today in Nigeria, virginity has lost its importance to premarital sex. The neglect of this virtue should be a concern to the Church in Nigeria because this is now a rising trend being witnessed among the Christian youth. This article, therefore, attempted a re-reading of Deuteronomy 22:13-21 as a response to the problem of premarital sex among Nigerian Christian youth. It employed the historical-critical exegesis and the descriptive approach. The work revealed that several factors are responsible for the prevalence of premarital sex in Nigeria, including a lack of sex education from parents, and the influence of western culture, among others. It also discovered that premarital sexual behaviour has social implications, particularly for female youth. These include unwanted pregnancy and abortion. The article concluded that the prevalence of premarital sex among Nigerian Christian youth is a challenge to the Church and postulated a sexual theology of the Church in which Deuteronomy 22:13-21 takes a central place. Taking a cue from the text, this theology would assign significant roles to the church community, the youth themselves and parents in a bid to provide sex education for the youth so that they avoid premarital sex. INTRADISCIPLINARY AND/OR INTERDISCIPLINARY IMPLICATIONS: This research involves the disciplines of the Old Testament and Christian ethics. It relates the narrative on virginity proof in Deuteronomy 22:13-21 to the Nigerian context with its high rate of premarital sex. The article postulates that the text can be employed in a sexual theology of the Church that would help in combating prevalent premarital sex.