Abstract Differential calculus courses have been subject of constant analysis; knowing the origin of the set of difficulties surrounding the learning process has motivated the creation of new strategies where there is an active methodology. The present study incorporates the implementation of Project Based Learning (PBL) as a methodology to approach the applications of the derivative in applied problems. The course contents were analyzed through practices where students modeled and designed prototypes to solve a problem. To measure the impact of the instructional design, a quantitative methodology was applied to compare the performance of the students of a control group, which had a passive methodology giving priority to the operative load, while the experimental group maintained the active approach through the ABPr. The results obtained showed a better performance in the transition of languages, as well as in the process of solving each of the problems of the experimental group, obtaining higher values in each indicator analyzed. The aspects obtained open the way for the application of new situations where this type of methodologies can be used in other mathematics courses.

Resumo Os cursos de cálculo diferencial têm sido objeto de constantes análises. De facto, conhecer a origem do conjunto de dificuldades que rodeiam o processo de aprendizagem tem levado à criação de novas estratégias onde existe uma metodologia ativa. Portanto, o presente estudo incorpora a implementação da aprendizagem baseada em projetos (PBL) como metodologia para abordar a derivada em problemas aplicados. Para isso, os conteúdos do curso foram analisados por meio de práticas onde os alunos modelaram e desenharam protótipos para solucionar um problema. Para mensurar o impacto do design instrucional, foi aplicada uma metodologia quantitativa onde foi comparado o desempenho dos alunos de um grupo controle, que possuía uma metodologia passiva com prioridade na carga operacional, enquanto o grupo experimental manteve a abordagem ativa por meio do PBL. Os resultados obtidos mostraram melhor desempenho na transição linguística, bem como nos processos de resolução de cada um dos problemas por parte do grupo experimental, que obteve valores superiores em cada indicador analisado. Os aspectos obtidos abrem caminho para a aplicação de novas situações onde este tipo de metodologias possam ser utilizadas noutros cursos de matemática.

Resumen Los cursos de cálculo diferencial han sido motivo de constante análisis. De hecho, conocer el origen del conjunto de dificultades que rodean el proceso de aprendizaje ha originado la creación de nuevas estrategias donde exista una metodología activa. Por tanto, el presente estudio incorpora la implementación del aprendizaje basado en proyectos (ABP) como metodología para el abordaje la derivada en problemáticas aplicadas. Para ello, se analizaron en el curso los contenidos a través de prácticas donde los estudiantes modelaron y diseñaron prototipos para resolver una problemática. Para medir el impacto del diseño instruccional se aplicó una metodología cuantitativa donde se comparó el desempeño de los estudiantes de un grupo control, el cual tuvo una metodología pasiva con prioridad en la carga operativa, mientras que el experimental mantuvo el enfoque activo a través del ABP. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un mejor desempeño en la transición de lenguajes, así como en los procesos de resolución de cada una de las problemáticas por parte del grupo experimental, el cual obtuvo mayores valores en cada indicador analizado. Los aspectos obtenidos abren el camino para la aplicación de nuevas situaciones donde se pueda emplear este tipo de metodologías en otros cursos de matemáticas.

ABSTRACT This research aimed to evaluate the application of Project-Based Learning in the Biology subject in students of the Biological Profile of the University College of the University of Havana. A sample of 31 students was selected. The students were organized into groups and assigned a real problem and a tutor, a professor. The students developed their project proposals over a period of three weeks. The students' level of satisfaction was evaluated regarding the application of this strategy according to the Iadov technique. The students proposed solutions to the problems through their projects. In the projects, the students through the consultation of a specialized bibliography, identified different entities that could work together to solve the problem. Iadov technique showed that students are highly satisfied with the application of this methodology. In turn, they recognize that through PBL they integrated knowledge of various subjects, felt motivated to search for solutions to real problems, and stimulated teamwork. These results highlight the importance of this didactic strategy in the teaching-learning process.

RESUMEN La siguiente investigación se trazó como objetivo: evaluar la aplicación del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos en la asignatura Biología en estudiantes del Perfil Biológico del Colegio Universitario de la Universidad de La Habana. Se seleccionó una muestra de 31 estudiantes. Los estudiantes se organizaron en grupos y se les asignó un problema real y un tutor, miembro del claustro de la asignatura de Biología. Los estudiantes desarrollaron sus propuestas de proyectos en un período de tres semanas. El nivel de satisfacción de los estudiantes en cuanto a la aplicación de esta estrategia se evaluó según la técnica de Iadov. Los estudiantes propusieron soluciones a los problemas planteados mediante sus proyectos. En los mismos a través de la consulta de bibliografía especializada identificaron diferentes entidades que pudieran trabajar en conjunto para la solución del problema. La técnica de Iadov arrojó que los estudiantes tienen una alta satisfacción con la aplicación de esta metodología, a su vez reconocen que mediante el ABP integraron conocimientos de varias asignaturas, se sintieron motivados en la búsqueda de soluciones de problemas reales y estimuló el trabajo en equipo. Estos resultados destacan la importancia de esta estrategia didáctica en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje.

Abstract The use of problem-based and project-based learning is beneficial. The teaching-learning process requires the development of a critical, objective, and rational mind. This paper analyzes methodological experiments from the teaching-learning process carried out in the geotechnical area of the civil engineering program at three universities in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, for more than 40 years. Three integrated experiments are presented. In the first experiment, undergraduate students in geotechnical engineering courses interacted with companies operating in the area, conducting laboratory and field tests and geotechnical instrumentation. The second experiment integrated students and teachers from different areas of the civil engineering program around a multidisciplinary project, while the third brought together undergraduate and graduate (master and doctoral) student research activities into a single project that extends from the development and construction of geotechnical equipment and applications of new soil improvement techniques to land use planning and occupation. This study shows the use of teaching-learning experiences carried out in geotechnical engineering, contributing to the development of technical skills and professional competencies of civil engineers. It contributed to the advancement of knowledge in the development of new equipment, soil improvement, testing techniques and in the use, planning and occupation of soils. The interaction between the university, society and government institutions in problem solving also contributed. problembased based projectbased beneficial teachinglearning teaching critical objective mind Pernambuco Brazil 4 years presented instrumentation master doctoral engineers soils university

Abstract Undergraduate arts and design programs have been incorporating computing education into their curricula. Through a documentation analysis of the first cycle (i.e., bachelor’s) curricula offered by the Portuguese public education subsystem in the 2018-19 academic year, we identified 40 programs from diverse artistic and design areas, attended by around 5,600 students, which contained at least one course covering computer programming. In a subsequent qualitative analysis of the syllabi of those 128 courses we had identified as relevant, we characterized the objectives, the contents, and the teaching and assessment methods for computing in higher arts education. In the face of the skepticism the literature expresses regarding the validity and robustness of brief approaches to computing, we found most undergraduate programs dedicate few courses or credits (i.e., ECTS) to the topic. We also found programs that introduce the topic late in the curriculum, at a stage when it is likely to meet less dedication from the students. At course level, we note the prevalence of the objective of granting autonomous learning skills to students, which often translates into contents too broad to approach in a non-superficial way. Moreover, we alert to the use of project-based assessment methods in ways that do not assure learning of the contents. With this article we hope to provide an overview of the current situation and contribute to a reflection and a debate about the relevance and the way computing is covered within arts and design education. i.e., ie i e (i.e. bachelors bachelor s bachelor’s 201819 2018 19 2018-1 year 4 areas 5600 5 600 5,60 students programming 12 relevant objectives ECTS curriculum level nonsuperficial non superficial Moreover projectbased project based i.e. (i.e 20181 201 1 2018- 560 60 5,6 i.e 20 56 6 5, 2

Resumo Os cursos de graduação em artes e design têm vindo a incorporar o ensino da computação nos seus programas de estudo. Por meio de uma análise documental dos currículos de 1º ciclo oferecidos pelo subsistema de ensino público de Portugal no ano letivo 2018-19, identificamos 40 cursos de diversas áreas artísticas e de design, frequentados por cerca de 5.600 estudantes, que abordavam a programação de computadores em pelo menos uma unidade curricular. Numa subsequente análise qualitativa das fichas das 128 unidades que identificamos como relevantes, procedemos a uma caracterização dos objetivos, dos conteúdos e dos métodos de avaliação e de ensino da computação no ensino superior artístico. Perante o ceticismo, expresso na literatura, sobre a validade e a robustez de abordagens breves ao tema da computação, notamos que parte dos cursos lhe dedica poucas unidades ou créditos. Encontramos, ainda, cursos em que o tema é introduzido numa fase avançada do currículo, em que é provável uma menor dedicação dos estudantes. Ao nível das unidades curriculares, notamos a prevalência do objetivo de capacitar os estudantes para uma aprendizagem autônoma, que se traduz frequentemente em conteúdos demasiado extensos para uma abordagem não superficial. Alertamos, ainda, para o uso de métodos de avaliação por meio da realização de projetos que não asseguram a aprendizagem dos conteúdos. Esperamos, com este artigo, prestar um ponto de situação e dar um contributo para a reflexão e para o debate sobre a relevância e sobre a forma como a computação é abordada no ensino das artes e do design. estudo º 201819, 201819 2018 19, 19 2018-19 4 5600 5 600 5.60 curricular 12 relevantes objetivos artístico ceticismo literatura créditos Encontramos ainda currículo curriculares autônoma superficial Alertamos Esperamos artigo 20181 201 1 2018-1 560 60 5.6 20 2018- 56 6 5. 2

Abstract Climate change is humanity’s 21st century biggest challenge. Due to the higher rates of soil sealing, its effects and consequences are expected to be more severe in cities. To mitigate climate change effects or adapt cities to them, several approaches can be adopted, namely by adopting nature-based solutions, such as blue and green infrastructures. During the course of Study and Behaviour of Soils, of the undergraduate degree in Sustainable City Management, taught at the Institute of Engineering of the Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra (ISEC-IPC), students are faced with the need to present solutions to solve an urban problem by implementing a green solution. Students are involved in a co-creation process to carry out this academic activity. This project-based learning methodology is seen as an active learning process, and its three stages are fully described in this paper. Students’ perceptions, academic results and assiduity are compared and contrasted to enhance the benefits of such an approach in geotechnical education. Results show that not only are students more willing to participate in class, reducing absenteeism, but students’ final project results increased when compared with a more traditional pedagogical approach. Also, based on the survey, it is possible to conclude that the co-creation approach allows the development of transversal skills and competencies, and such a learning process should be implemented more often during the undergraduate degree. humanitys humanity s st challenge sealing them adopted naturebased nature infrastructures Soils Management ISECIPC, ISECIPC ISEC IPC , (ISEC-IPC) solution cocreation co creation activity projectbased paper perceptions education class absenteeism Also survey competencies (ISEC-IPC

Abstract: This study investigates the integration of genetics, active learning methods, and knowledge dissemination in higher education. Physical therapy students remotely implemented project-based learning (PBL), emphasizing genetic diseases. They formed ten groups to develop a wiki and a practical product related to their field. The evaluation was conducted using online surveys, and Bardin's Content Analysis was used with the responses. The findings highlighted the challenges of remote learning and the effectiveness of PBL in knowledge construction. Wiki preparation emphasized the importance of scientific writing, and students' positive feedback on product development suggests a stronger link between genetics and their daily lives. The results of PBL were shared through an outreach activity, demonstrating the viability of combining teaching, research, and outreach within fundamental disciplines. This approach encourages the development of more engaged professionals by contextualizing knowledge and addressing specific issues in genetics education. Abstract methods education projectbased project based PBL, , (PBL) diseases field surveys Bardins Bardin s responses construction writing lives activity teaching research disciplines (PBL

Resumo: Este artigo aborda a integração de genética, metodologias ativas e difusão de conhecimento no ensino superior. A Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos (ABPj) foi implementada remotamente para estudantes de Fisioterapia, focando em doenças genéticas. Dez grupos, compostos por diversos perfis, por meio da ABPj, criaram material escrito (uma wiki) e um produto aplicável à área. A avaliação da abordagem foi realizada por questionários online e analisada por meio da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados destacaram desafios do ensino remoto e a eficácia da ABPj na construção de conhecimento. A preparação da wiki enfatizou a importância da escrita científica, e a construção do produto aproximou a genética do cotidiano da fisioterapia. Os resultados foram compartilhados em uma atividade de extensão, evidenciando a viabilidade de integrar ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Essa abordagem promove a formação de profissionais mais engajados, contextualizando o conhecimento e enfrentando desafios específicos no ensino de Genética. Resumo superior (ABPj Fisioterapia genéticas grupos perfis área Bardin científica fisioterapia extensão engajados Genética

RESUMO: O início de carreira de um professor é um período desafiante para o desenvolvimento das suas práticas educativas. Apesar de valorizarem métodos ativos de ensino, tais como a Metodologia de Trabalho de Projeto, a pressão sentida nesta fase leva a que os professores em início de carreira experienciem dificuldades de natureza diversa na sua implementação. Este estudo visa conhecer a forma como os professores do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, em início de carreira, integram a Metodologia de Trabalho de Projeto nas suas práticas educativas. Os dados foram recolhidos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e da análise documental ao espólio de oito professores. Os resultados demonstram que os professores valorizam e procuram contemplar o Trabalho de Projeto nas suas práticas educativas. As dificuldades sentidas poderiam ser atenuadas através de uma abordagem metodológica mais consistente na formação inicial de professores e de uma análise das prioridades educativas nas escolas onde lecionam, que sobrecarrega os professores iniciantes com demasiadas tarefas paralelas ao serviço docente. RESUMO ensino implementação 1º º 1 Básico lecionam docente

RESUMEN: El comienzo de la carrera profesional de un profesor es un reto para el desarrollo de su práctica educativa. A pesar de valorar métodos de enseñanza activa, como la Metodología de Trabajo por Proyectos, la presión que sienten en esta etapa hace que los profesores a comienzos de su carrera tengan dificultades distintas en su implementación. Este estudio tiene como objetivo conocer cómo los profesores de primaria, al comienzo de su carrera, integran la Metodología del Trabajo por Proyectos en sus prácticas educativas. Los datos se recolectaron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis documental del patrimonio de ocho profesores. Los resultados demuestran que los profesores valoran y buscan incluir el Trabajo por Proyectos en sus prácticas educativas. Las dificultades sentidas podrían paliarse mediante un enfoque metodológico más consistente en la formación del profesorado y un análisis de las prioridades educativas en sus escuelas, donde se sobrecarga a los profesores principiantes con demasiadas tareas secundarias al servicio docente. RESUMEN educativa activa implementación primaria escuelas docente

ABSTRACT: The beginning of a teacher's career is a challenging period for the development of their educational practices. Despite valuing active teaching methods, such as Project-based Learning, the pressure felt at this stage leads teachers at the beginning of their careers to experience difficulties of a diverse nature in its implementation. This study aims at understanding how elementary school teachers at the beginning of their career, integrate Project-based Learning in their teaching practices. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight teachers and documental analysis of their teaching materials. The results show that beginner teachers value and try to implement Project-based Learning in their educational practices. The difficulties in its implementation could be mitigated through a more consistent methodological approach in initial teacher education and a redefinition of educational priorities at the schools where they teach, which overloads beginner teachers with too many parallel tasks to the teaching service. ABSTRACT s practices methods Projectbased Project based semistructured semi structured materials teach service

Resumen Introducción La versatilidad de la enseñanza de pares es un atributo que le permite a esta estrategia de enseñanza-aprendizaje, ser usada para cubrir distintas necesidades del estudiantado universitario, sin embargo, aún existe una brecha de conocimiento en cuanto a sus aportes cuando se combina con otras metodologías de enseñanza. Objetivo Analizar los aportes y desafíos de las tutorías de pares cuando se usan como metodología de apoyo al aprendizaje en el marco de un proyecto de intervención socioeducativa para reducir el estigma público hacia personas con diagnóstico psiquiátrico. Metodología Metodología cualitativa produciendo datos a través de un cuestionario on line que responden 80 estudiantes, seis tutores pares y seis docentes participantes de la experiencia. Los datos se someten a un análisis de contenido temático. Resultados Emergen tres temas centrales: 1) atributos de las tutorías de pares que favorecen el aprendizaje; 2) relaciones entre la tutoría de pares y el aprendizaje basado en proyectos y 3) aspectos que interfieren el aprendizaje durante un proyecto. Conclusiones La tutoría de pares es una estrategia que usada en el marco del aprendizaje basado en proyectos entrega un apoyo efectivo y significativo para la ejecución adecuada de una intervención socioeducativa. Resulta fundamental preparar a las/os tutoras/es en su labor generando espacios de retroalimentación permanente con el cuerpo docente para fortalecer sus competencias cognitivas y actitudinales, al mismo tiempo, es necesario educar a las/os tutoreadas/os sobre los propósitos específicos de esta estrategia. enseñanzaaprendizaje, enseñanzaaprendizaje aprendizaje, enseñanza-aprendizaje universitario embargo psiquiátrico 8 estudiantes experiencia temático centrales 1 2 3 lasos os tutorases tutoras actitudinales tiempo tutoreadasos tutoreadas

Resumo Introdução A versatilidade da tutoria entre pares é um atributo que permite que esta estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem seja utilizada para responder a diferentes necessidades dos estudantes universitários, no entanto, existe ainda uma lacuna de conhecimento relativa aos seus contributos quando combinada com outras metodologias de ensino. Objetivo Analisar as contribuições e desafios da tutoria entre pares quando utilizada como metodologia de apoio à aprendizagem no âmbito de um projeto de intervenção socioeducativa para a redução do estigma público face a pessoas com diagnóstico psiquiátrico. Metodologia Metodologia qualitativa produzindo dados através de um questionário online respondido por 80 estudantes, seis tutores e seis professores participantes na experiência. Os dados foram submetidos a uma análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados Emergiram três temas centrais: 1) atributos da tutoria de pares que favorecem a aprendizagem; 2) relações entre a tutoria de pares e a aprendizagem baseada em projetos e 3) aspectos que interferem na aprendizagem durante um projeto. Conclusões A tutoria entre pares é uma estratégia que, utilizada no âmbito da aprendizagem baseada em projetos, proporciona um apoio eficaz e significativo para o sucesso da implementação de uma intervenção socioeducativa. É essencial preparar os mentores no seu trabalho, gerando espaços de retorno permanente com o pessoal docente para reforçar as suas competências cognitivas e atitudinais, ao mesmo tempo que é necessário educar os mentorandos sobre os objetivos específicos desta estratégia. ensinoaprendizagem ensino universitários entanto psiquiátrico 8 experiência temática centrais 1 2 3 trabalho atitudinais

Abstract Introduction The versatility of peer tutoring is an attribute that allows this teaching-learning strategy to be used to meet different needs of university students, however, there is still a knowledge gap regarding its contributions when combined with other teaching methodologies. Objective Analyze the contributions and challenges of peer tutoring when used as a learning support methodology in the framework of a socio-educational intervention project to reduce public stigma towards people with a psychiatric diagnosis. Methodology Qualitative methodology producing data through an online questionnaire answered by 80 students, six peer tutors and six teachers participating in the experience. The data was subjected to a thematic content analysis. Results Three central topics emerge: 1) attributes of peer tutoring that favor learning; 2) relationships between peer tutoring and project-based learning and 3) aspects that interfere with learning during a project. Conclusions Peer mentoring is a strategy that used in the framework of project-based learning provides effective and meaningful support for the successful implementation of a socio-educational intervention. It is essential to prepare the mentors in their work by generating spaces for permanent feedback with the teaching staff to strengthen their cognitive and attitudinal competences, at the same time, it is necessary to train the mentees about the specific purposes of this strategy. teachinglearning students however methodologies socioeducational socio educational diagnosis 8 experience analysis emerge 1 2 projectbased based 3 competences time

Project-based learning has received a lot of attention in academia across all education levels as one of the pedagogical approaches with the potential to promote scientific literacy and the development of work-related knowledge, skills, and competencies. Through mixed methods, this descriptive study assessed chemistry students' perceptions about a project design experience in response to the following research questions: What lessons can be drawn from students' perceptions about conceptualising a research project? What are students' perceptions about the inclusion of research projects as part of their learning in chemistry? Likert scale questionnaires and open-ended questionnaires were used to collect data. Quantitative data were analysed through descriptive statistics to establish patterns, while qualitative data were analysed through conventional content analysis. Findings show that most students were able to design their own projects with minimal assistance. Environmental concerns, curiosity and concepts from other courses were primary factors that influenced students' choice of projects. However, the conceptualisation of the research projects by students showed some challenges and lack of coherence, which were attributed, in part, to students' lack of experience in both research and experimentation. Nonetheless, students recommend the inclusion of projects as part of their learning because of the opportunities they experienced. The study concludes that project design stage is critical and exposes students to essential elements of project-based learning, should be introduced early and be supported with resources and adequate supervision. Adoption of project-based learning has the potential to help students acquire and develop skills readily applicable to address real-life problems.

Resumen Los nuevos enfoques pedagógicos invitan al profesorado a desarrollar prácticas de colaboración que influyan en el aprendizaje profundo del estudiantado. En dicho contexto, este artículo tiene como objetivo describir el proceso de resignificación de estudiantes y profesorado sobre la cultura de evaluación y aprendizaje desde el enfoque de la pedagogía de proyectos. El diseño de esta investigación educativa se enmarca en un estudio de caso con metodología cualitativa. Las personas participantes fueron seleccionadas de forma intencionada y corresponden a nueve docentes de aula y 144 estudiantes que cursaban quinto y sexto grado de educación primaria en un centro escolar de la comuna de Temuco, región de La Araucanía, Chile. Para la recolección de información se utilizaron las técnicas de observación participante y grupos de discusión con el propósito de ahondar en el análisis de sus experiencias de resignificación desde el enfoque de la teoría fundamentada. Los hallazgos evidencian que el desarrollo de la metodología de proyectos contribuye a favorecer el rol protagónico del estudiantado durante el proceso pedagógico al involucrarse de manera activa en la evaluación de su aprendizaje. Se puede concluir que la integración de metodologías innovadoras resulta desafiante y se traduce en una oportunidad para el desarrollo profesional docente, en tanto les permite posicionarse como co-aprendices en el proyecto de aprendizaje. Se recomienda abordar la pedagogía de proyectos para propiciar la resignificación de la cultura de evaluación y aprendizaje de manera que se resguarde su sentido formador, democrático y situado en la escuela.

Abstract The new pedagogical approaches lead teachers to develop collaborative practices that influence students' deep learning. In this context, this article aims to describe the process of resignification of students and educators on the assessment and learning culture following the project pedagogy approach. The design of this educational research is framed in a case study with a qualitative methodology. Moreover, the participants were intentionally selected, they consisted of nine classroom teachers and one hundred forty-four students in the fifth and sixth grades of primary education in a school from the commune of Temuco, La Araucanía region, Chile. Regarding the data collection, the researchers used techniques such as participant observation and discussion groups to deepen the analysis of their resignification experiences according to a grounded theory approach. The findings indicate that the development of the project methodology contributes to favoring the leading role of students during the pedagogical process by actively engaging in the evaluations of their learning. Therefore, the investigators conclude that integration methodologies are challenging, and this translates into an opportunity for the teacher's professional development while allowing them to position themselves as co-learners in the learning project. Finally, the researchers recommend applying project pedagogy to foster the resignification of the assessment and learning culture while protecting its formative, democratic, and located sense in schools.

Resumen Se presentan los resultados de la evaluación de un curso en línea con el propósito de desarrollar competencias investigativas bajo un enfoque pedagógico socioconstructivista. En el curso participaron once sujetos de ambos géneros, profesionales de nivel universitario de Latinoamérica e integrantes de una cohorte del Diplomado Internacional en Competencias Investigativas. Se usó un diseño de investigación mixto. Para el análisis cuantitativo se utilizó una escala de autoevaluación (pretest y postest) que sirvió para medir la adquisición de las competencias investigativas. Para el análisis cualitativo se empleó el grupo focal, una rúbrica de autoevaluación y un cuestionario de evaluación final del curso. Los resultados indican que hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el pretest y el postest de competencias investigativas (p < .001). El 73 % de quienes participaron considera que logró totalmente las competencias investigativas, mientras que el 27 % las logró parcialmente y no hubo participantes en la categoría de no logrado. Además, manifestaron haber alcanzado sus expectativas de logro en un 90.6 % de los casos y el 63.6 % de las personas participantes superó sus expectativas de logro. Se concluye que el enfoque pedagógico socioconstructivista utilizado fue eficaz y eficiente en el desarrollo de competencias investigativas, por lo que se recomienda ampliamente su uso en la enseñanza de la investigación en la universidad. Esta investigación resalta la importancia de la labor mediadora del cuerpo docente en la integración de la teoría y la práctica de la investigación, así como el aprovechamiento de tecnologías digitales para lograr un aprendizaje activo y colaborativo. Por tanto, este estudio ofrece una perspectiva pedagógica innovadora para la enseñanza de la investigación en la universidad. No obstante, se reconoce como limitación el reducido tamaño de la muestra. De allí que se sugiera que en futuras investigaciones se extienda el estudio a un mayor número de participantes en diferentes contextos universitarios.

Abstract The results of the evaluation of an online course are presented to develop investigative skills under a socio-constructivist pedagogical approach. Eleven subjects of both genders, university professionals from Latin America, and members of a cohort of the International Diploma in Investigative Competences participated in the course. Moreover, a mixed research design was used. For the quantitative analysis, a self-assessment scale (pretest and posttest) was used, which served to measure the acquisition of investigative skills. For the qualitative analysis, the focus group, a self-assessment rubric, and a final evaluation questionnaire of the course were used. The results indicate that there were statistically significant differences between the pretest and posttest of investigative skills (p < .001). 73% of the participants consider that they fully achieved the investigative competencies, while 27% partially achieved them and there were no participants in the not achieved category. In addition, the participants reached their achievement expectations in 90.6% of the cases and 63.6% of the individuals exceeded their achievement expectations. Therefore, it is concluded that the socio-constructivist pedagogical approach used was effective and efficient in the development of investigative skills, so its use in teaching research at the university is highly recommended. This research highlights the importance of the mediating work of teachers in the integration of research theory and practice, as well as the use of digital technologies to achieve active and collaborative learning. Thus, this study offers an innovative pedagogical perspective for the teaching of research at the university. However, the small sample size is recognized as a limitation. Hence, it is suggested that in future research the study be extended to a greater number of participants in different university contexts.

Resumen La Carrera de Ingeniería en Computación del Tecnológico de Costa Rica ejecuta un Plan Piloto de Formación Vinculada con Empresas, por lo que en la asignatura de Aseguramiento de la calidad del software el estudiantado diseñó y ejecutó un plan de pruebas en un proyecto de software auténtico y real de una empresa con la estrategia del aprendizaje basada en proyectos. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la puesta en práctica de la metodología de aprendizaje basada en proyectos en el curso de Aseguramiento de la calidad del software y conocer la percepción del alumnado sobre el proceso desarrollado. En la presente investigación se aplicó un proceso metodológico mediante el enfoque cuantitativo, se trabajó con una población de 50 estudiantes, a los que se le aplicó una encuesta digital. Los datos fueron analizados con un análisis estadístico descriptivo, un análisis correlacional y una prueba no paramétrica. Los resultados indican que se implementó pertinentemente la estrategia en una modalidad 100% virtual. Además, la opinión expresada por el estudiantado es buena y en su mayoría recomendarían la estrategia educativa.

Abstract The Computer Engineering Major at the Tecnológico de Costa Rica conducts a program called the Pilot Plan for Business-Linked Training. For this reason, in the Software Quality Assurance course, a test plan was designed and used by students in an authentic and real software project of a company with a project-based learning strategy. Regarding the objective of this research, it consisted of presenting the implementation of the project-based learning methodology in the Software Quality Assurance course and knowing the perception of the students about the developed process. Moreover, the researcher applied a methodological process through the quantitative approach and worked with a population of 50 students, to whom the investigator applied a digital survey. Thus, the author studied the data through a descriptive statistical analysis, a correlational analysis, and a non-parametric test. The results indicated that the strategy was properly implemented in a 100% virtual modality. In addition, the opinion expressed by the students was positive and, for the most part, they recommend the educational strategy.

Abstract This paper is aimed at presenting a project-based learning proposal for the subject Scientific Research Methodology at the Computer Science Engineering career, taking into account the learning styles of the group and the areas of opportunity identified to contribute to the improvement of students' study habits. The logical and historical analysis, the analytical synthetic method, the Honey-Alonso questionnaire of learning styles (CHAEA, for its Spanish equivalent) and the Iadov technique were used as research methods. Descriptive statistics are applied. The results of the diagnosis of learning styles were: active style: 11.6, reflective style: 16.5, theoretical style: 13.9 and pragmatic style: 14.6. The reflective style predominates. The active style is the one with the lowest score. The study showed that the diagnosis of learning styles constitutes a valuable resource that enriches the orientation of teaching based on diversity and the improvement of learning. With the insertion of project-based learning, students were directed to the leading role in the construction of their learning, declaring them active agents in the Teaching-Learning Process (PEA, for its Spanish equivalent) of the Research methodology subject. As a result, they were encouraged to learn how to face their future professional life. The level of satisfaction of the students with the use of project-based learning in the Research Methodology subject, as a way of stimulating study habits, was satisfactory.

Resumen Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una propuesta de aprendizaje basado en proyectos para la asignatura Metodología de la Investigación Científica de la carrera de Ingeniería en Ciencias Informáticas, teniendo en cuenta los estilos de aprendizaje del grupo y las áreas de oportunidad identificadas para contribuir a la mejora de los hábitos de estudio de los estudiantes. . Como métodos de investigación se utilizaron el análisis lógico e histórico, el método sintético analítico, el cuestionario de estilos de aprendizaje de Honey-Alonso (CHAEA) y la técnica de Iadov. Se aplica estadística descriptiva. Los resultados del diagnóstico de estilos de aprendizaje fueron: estilo activo: 11,6, estilo reflexivo: 16,5, estilo teórico: 13,9 y estilo pragmático: 14,6. Predomina el estilo reflexivo. El estilo activo es el que tiene menor puntuación. El estudio demostró que el diagnóstico de estilos de aprendizaje constituye un recurso valioso que enriquece la orientación de la enseñanza basada en la diversidad y la mejora de los aprendizajes. Con la inserción del aprendizaje basado en proyectos, se direccionó a los estudiantes a un rol protagónico en la construcción de sus aprendizajes, declarándolos agentes activos en el Proceso de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje (PEA) de la asignatura Metodología de la Investigación. Se propició que aprendieran a afrontar el estilo de trabajo que necesitarán en su futura vida profesional. El nivel de satisfacción de los estudiantes con el uso del aprendizaje basado en proyectos en la asignatura Metodología de la Investigación, como forma de estimular hábitos de estudio, fue satisfactorio.

Abstract A theoretical study was conducted to address school leadership used by different agents of change, with the aim of emphasizing the leadership models applied in their management during the pandemic, in order to highlight the strategies that allowed to continue with distance education, so that, in the post-COVID era, this set of actions, serve as support and action guide to achieve the goals in the institutes in the new normality. Different research on the actions of school leaders during the pandemic were analyzed in Mexico, Peru, United States, Spain, and Malaysia. The results obtained were: prioritizing security and emotional stability in each member of the school; developing resilience, systemic thinking and strengthening social awareness; emphasizing two-way communication to generate trust; prioritizing the teaching role in decision-making and training in new technologies; using the object-language methodology and project-based learning (PBL); analyzing the strengths and needs of each student; developing critical thinking and conceptual understanding; and establishing meetings to maintain collective negotiation at a distance. In conclusion, school leaders resorted to the combination and application of different leadership models such as: servant, authentic, intermediate, adaptive, and crisis-based, allowing them to face the challenges derived from the pandemic; and in the post-COVID era to implement and adapt each action to their context to improve education in the world.

Resumen El presente es un estudio teórico en el que se procuró abordar el liderazgo escolar empleado por diferentes agentes de cambio con el objetivo de enfatizar los modelos de liderazgo aplicados en su gestión durante la pandemia. El propósito fue resaltar las estrategias que permitieron continuar con la educación a distancia, de modo que en la era postcovid este conjunto de acciones sirvan de apoyo y guía de acción para alcanzar las metas planteadas en los institutos. Para conseguir ese objetivo, se analizaron diferentes investigaciones sobre el actuar de los líderes escolares durante la pandemia en México, Perú, Estados Unidos, España y Malasia. Los resultados obtenidos indican lo siguiente: se debe priorizar la seguridad y la estabilidad emocional en cada miembro del instituto; asimismo, se desarrolló la resiliencia, el pensamiento sistémico y se fortaleció una conciencia social; se acentuó la comunicación bidireccional para generar confianza; se dio prioridad al rol docente en la toma de decisiones y en la formación en nuevas tecnologías; se empleó la metodología de objetos-lenguaje y el aprendizaje basado en proyectos (ABP); se analizaron las fortalezas y necesidades de cada alumno; se desarrolló el pensamiento crítico y la comprensión conceptual, y se establecieron reuniones para mantener una negociación colectiva a distancia. En síntesis, se puede concluir que los líderes escolares recurrieron a la combinación y aplicación de diferentes modelos de liderazgo, como de servicio, auténtico, intermedio, adaptativo y basado en crisis, lo que les permitió afrontar los desafíos derivados por la pandemia para, en la era postcovid, implementar y adaptar cada acción a su contexto para mejorar la educación en el mundo.

Resumo Foi realizado um estudo teórico para abordar a liderança escolar utilizada por diferentes agentes de mudança; com o objetivo de enfatizar os modelos de liderança aplicados na sua gestão durante a pandemia, de forma a evidenciar as estratégias que permitiram a continuidade da educação a distância, para que, na era pós-COVID, este conjunto de ações, sirva de apoio e guia de ação para atingir metas nos institutos no novo normal. Foram analisadas diferentes investigações sobre a atuação de dirigentes escolares durante a pandemia, no México, Peru, Estados Unidos, Espanha e Malásia. Os resultados obtidos foram: Priorização da segurança e estabilidade emocional em cada integrante do instituto, desenvolveu-se resiliência, pensamento sistêmico e fortalecimento da consciência social; a comunicação bidirecional foi enfatizada para gerar confiança; Foi dada prioridade ao papel do professor na tomada de decisões e na formação em novas tecnologias, foram utilizadas a metodologia da linguagem-objecto e da aprendizagem baseada em projectos (PBL), foram analisados os pontos fortes e as necessidades de cada aluno, o pensamento crítico e a compreensão conceptual e foram estabelecidas reuniões para manter a negociação coletiva à distância. Concluindo, que os dirigentes escolares recorreram à combinação e aplicação de diferentes modelos de liderança como: serviço, autêntico, intermédio, adaptativo e de crise, permitindo-lhes enfrentar os desafios derivados da pandemia; e na era pós-COVID implementar e adaptar cada ação ao seu contexto para melhorar a educação no mundo.

Abstract: This study presents a digital storytelling project that aims to improving Spanish language and literature learning while enhancing the acquisition of digital and communicative competences, from a gender perspective that promotes education equality. The project will be conducted in the “Spanish Literature” course of the primary education undergraduate degree at the University of Huelva (Spain). The proposal is based on a project-based learning (PBL) methodology that follows the principles of universal design for learning (UDL). Analyses of previous experiences serve as the basis for the proposed design, in which students will create stories based on the lives of female poets contemporary to the Generation of '27 by using digital content creation tools. It can be concluded that this methodology will provides great benefits to training future teachers by preparing them to successfully perform the tasks of their professional fields.

Resumen: Este estudio presenta un proyecto de creación de narrativas digitales que tiene como objetivo la mejora del aprendizaje de lengua y literatura española y busca mejorar la adquisición de las competencias digitales y comunicativas desde una perspectiva de género que fomente la educación en igualdad. La propuesta se llevará a cabo en la asignatura “Literatura Española” del grado en educación primaria de la Universidad de Huelva (España). La metodología aplica el aprendizaje basado en proyectos (ABP), siguiendo los principios del diseño universal para el aprendizaje (DUA). El análisis de experiencias previas sirve de base para el diseño planteado, en el que el alumnado creará historias basadas en las vidas de las poetas coetáneas a la Generación del 27 mediante herramientas digitales de creación de contenidos. Se puede concluir que esta metodología aportará amplios beneficios a la formación de los futuros docentes y los preparará para desarrollar con garantías las tareas de su campo profesional.