Resumo No século XXI, a expansão das redes globais de produção tornou crucial a compreensão dos seus impactos nas estruturas produtivas dos países. Este estudo busca investigar se a participação em cadeias globais de valor (CGV) influencia o nível de sofisticação tecnológica das exportações e a complexidade econômica de um país. A pesquisa abrange uma amostra de 58 países e uma subamostra de países em desenvolvimento, entre 2006 e 2015. Utilizando modelos dinâmicos estimados por ambos Difference e System GMM, foram avaliadas duas variáveis dependentes: um índice de sofisticação das exportações (“q”) e o índice de complexidade econômica (ECI). Os resultados mostram que a participação nas CGV está associada a um aumento significativo na sofisticação da pauta de exportações, medida pelo índice “q”. Porém, quando analisada a complexidade econômica em termos mais amplos (ECI), os efeitos foram negativos e não significativos estatisticamente para países em desenvolvimento.

Abstract In the 21st century, the intensification of global production networks has made it important to understand the implications for the productive structures of countries important. This study aims to investigate whether participation in global value chains (GVCs) can change the degree of technological sophistication of exports and a country’s economic complexity, considering a sample of 58 countries and a subsample consisting only of developing countries, from 2006 to 2015. We estimate dynamic models by difference and system GMM considering two dependent variables: an export sophistication index (‘q’) and the economic complexity index. We find a positive and significant relationship between participation in GVCs and degree of sophistication of the export basket, measured by the ‘q’ index. However, considering a broader measure of economic complexity (the ECI index), the effects were negative and not significant for developing countries.

COVID-19 has produced unprecedented effects on the global economy and society by exposing multiple weaknesses and faultlines. The pandemic has disrupted global and local agricultural production processes and food supply chains with negative consequences for food security. Containment measures to limit the spread of COVID-19, including strict restrictions on the movement of people, goods, and services have affected urban food systems adversely in multiple ways. Urban migrants and refugees in many parts of the Global South have been disproportionately hit by these measures, increasing the precarity of their living conditions and exacerbating the food insecurity of the migrants' households. Based on the results of a household survey and in-depth interviews with Somali migrants in Nairobi, Kenya in August 2022, this study documents the pandemic-related experience of these migrants in food access and consumption and assesses the overall impacts of COVID-19 on their food security. This study seeks to contribute to the emerging body of case study evidence that assesses the food security outcomes of the pandemic in vulnerable populations.

Abstract Background Anti-desmoglein (Dsg)1 is produced in pemphigus foliaceus (PF), affecting exclusively the skin. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) shows the production of anti-Dsg3 in the mucosal form, and anti-Dsg1 and 3 in the mucocutaneous form. Anti-Dsg3 autoantibodies have been rarely reported in PF. Objectives To determine the factors associated with the production and pathogenicity of anti-Dsg3 in PF. Methods Comparative analytical study of three patients groups: 16 PF-anti-Dsg3+, and 42 PF-anti-Dsg3(-) and 22 PV treatment-naïve cases. Serum was used in the anti-Dsg1 and 3 ELISA, and in immunoblotting (IB) with human epidermis extract. The expression of Dsg1 and 3 in paraffin sections was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). HLA-DRB1 alleles were compiled from a database. Results In the PF-anti-Dsg3+ group: age range similar to that of the PV group (p > 0.9999); predominance of the generalized form of PF (p = 0.002); anti-Dsg3 titers lower than those of PV (p < 0.0001); IB confirmed Dsg3 identification in one (8.33%) of 12 patients; IHC showed exclusive cytoplasmic internalization of Dsg1; HLA-DRB1 alleles of susceptibility to PF, with the absence of alleles associated with PV, in the five typed patients. Study limitations Most of the patients in the PF-anti-Dsg3+ group were undergoing treatment. Conclusion The presence of anti-Dsg3 antibodies in PF was related to older age (comparable to that of PV) and the generalized form of PF. The non-pathogenicity of anti-Dsg3 antibodies in PF can be attributed to the low serum anti-Dsg3 titers, the lack of Dsg3 internalization as detected by IHC, and the absence of PV-associated HLA-DRB1 alleles. Antidesmoglein Anti desmoglein Dsg 1 (Dsg) , (PF) skin (PV antiDsg3 antiDsg anti anti-Dsg antiDsg1 AntiDsg3 AntiDsg Anti-Dsg groups PFantiDsg3+, PFantiDsg3 PFantiDsg Dsg3+, 4 PF-anti-Dsg3(- 2 treatmentnaïve treatment naïve cases ELISA (IB extract IHC. . (IHC) HLADRB1 HLADRB HLA DRB1 DRB HLA-DRB database PFantiDsg3+ Dsg3+ PF-anti-Dsg3 p 0.9999 09999 0 9999 0.9999) 0.002 0002 002 0.002) 0.0001 00001 0001 0.0001) 8.33% 833 8 33 (8.33% comparable nonpathogenicity non PVassociated (Dsg (PF PF-anti-Dsg3( (IHC PF-anti-Dsg 0.999 0999 999 0.00 000 00 0.000 0000 8.33 83 (8.33 0.99 099 99 0.0 8.3 (8.3 0.9 09 9 0. 8. (8. (8 (

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es examinar el impacto de las características de los patrones de especialización sobre la dinámica industrial, mediante una versión fuerte del modelo de restricción externa de Thirlwall, en 13 subsectores manufactureros de México durante el periodo 1995-2020. Los resultados principales muestran que: i) el crecimiento del sector manufacturero se encuentra restringido por el equilibrio de la cuenta corriente; ii) la elasticidad ingreso de las exportaciones aumenta en la medida que crece la productividad y la acumulación de capital; iii) la elasticidad ingreso de las importaciones es mayor en la medida que aumenta la participación del valor agregado extranjero en la producción de exportación. Con esta evidencia, es posible concluir que la profundización del modelo de industrialización hacia fuera ha limitado las ganancias asociadas al comercio y ralentizado el crecimiento económico. En este contexto, es fundamental operar una política industrial que fortalezca las cadenas de suministro interna y la posición dentro de las cadenas globales de valor. La contribución del trabajo reside en analizar a nivel de subsector las implicaciones de la composición del comercio sobre la expansión económica.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of the characteristics of specialization patterns on industrial dynamics, using a strong version of Thirlwall's external constraint model, for 13 manufacturing subsectors in Mexico during the period 1995-2020. The main findings show that: i) the growth of the manufacturing sector is constrained by the current account equilibrium; ii) the income elasticity of exports increases as productivity and capital accumulation grow; iii) the income elasticity of imports is greater to the extent that the participation of foreign value added in export production increases. With this evidence, it is possible to conclude that the deepening of the outward industrialization model has limited the gains associated with trade and slowed down economic growth. In this context, it is essential to operate an industrial policy that strengthens internal supply chains and the position within global value chains. The contribution of the work lies in analyzing at the subsector level the implications of the composition of trade on economic expansion.

RESUMEN Introducción: En la actualidad la sostenibilidad de la cadena productiva de la caña de azúcar se ve limitada por numerosas causas. En correspondencia, se han impulsado un conjunto de políticas orientadas a la reanimación de la producción azucarera cubana, ello presupone la búsqueda, aplicación y asimilación de enfoques para asumir los retos actuales. La Empresa Agroindustrial Azucarera (EAA) “Héctor Molina Riaño” de la provincia Mayabeque, Cuba, en los últimos años ha evidenciado un deterioro de sus principales indicadores productivos afectando la satisfacción de sus clientes y partes interesadas. Objetivo: Proponer acciones para contribuir a la sostenibilidad de la cadena productiva del azúcar de caña de la EAA “Héctor Molina Riaño”. Materiales y Métodos: La investigación, tiene un carácter exploratorio - descriptivo, para su desarrollo se utilizaron diferentes métodos y técnicas, como el análisis documental, cuestionario y entrevista. Resultados y Discusión: Se identifican los elementos que inciden en la sostenibilidad de la cadena productiva del azúcar de caña, su situación actual y la importancia de adoptar nuevos enfoques que contribuyan al desarrollo de dicho sector. Se estima que estas acciones pudiesen influir en un mejoramiento de la sostenibilidad de la cadena y en general en el aumento de la producción azucarera. Conclusiones: Las acciones propuestas están en correspondencias con las políticas del estado cubano para responder a la Agenda 2030 y a los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS) de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) y contribuyen a alcanzar una cadena productiva más eficiente, eficaz y sostenible.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Currently, the sustainability of the sugarcane production chain is limited for numerous causes. Correspondingly, a set of policies have been promoted aimed at reviving Cuban sugar production, which presupposes the search, application and assimilation of approaches to address current challenges. The Sugar Agroindustrial Company (SAC) “Héctor Molina Riaño” of the Mayabeque province, Cuba, in recent years has shown a deterioration of its main productive indicators affecting the satisfaction of its customers and interested parties. Objective: To propose actions to contribute to the sustainability of the sugarcane sugar production chain of the SAC “Héctor Molina Riaño”. Materials and Methods: The research has an exploratory - descriptive nature, for its development different methods and techniques were used, such as documentary analysis, questionnaire and interview. Results and Discussion: The elements that affect the sustainability of the sugarcane sugar production chain, its current situation and the importance of adopting new approaches that contribute to the development of this sector are identified. It is estimated that these actions could have an impact on improving the sustainability of the chain and, in general, on increasing sugar production. Conclusions: The proposed actions are in line with the policies of the Cuban state to respond to 2030 Agenda and the sustainable development objectives 3(SDO) of the United Nations (ONU) and contribute to achieving a more efficient, effective and sustanaible production chain.

Purpose This paper aims to present the vertical integration state-of-the-art and propose an expansion of the operations and supply chain management (OSCM) field by identifying gaps and bottlenecks. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a systematic literature review based on a sample of 173 OSCM field articles, collected from Scopus and Web of Science databases. Findings There are no single factors, such as future costs, structures or skills development, in the decision to vertically integrate operations. It is necessary to combine the vision of production costs with the perspective of governance and transaction costs. In addition, it is essential to consider the competency perspective and its impact on capability building. Research limitations/implications Few studies have attempted to understand how vertical integration is used in terms of OSCM research themes and theories. Vertical integration can help companies face challenges and serve as a potential solution for achieving better prices, demand control and quality management. Practical implications The significant role of vertical integration mechanisms in supply chains is crucial for managers evaluating a firm's reconfiguration with more vertical operations. Policymakers interested in supporting the smoothness of vertical integration decisions in regulatory agencies play a key role as contingencies. Social implications In times of global challenges, vertical integration is a strategy known to be more effective for firms to obtain a competitive advantage, making them more resilient. Originality/value This paper addresses gaps in the vertical integration theme and provides insights for future research development. stateoftheart state art (OSCM bottlenecks Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach 17 articles databases factors development addition building limitationsimplications limitations theories prices firm s contingencies advantage resilient Originalityvalue Originality value 1

Abstract This article contributes to developing and consolidating research on the connections between food and gentrification while highlighting the effects of these processes in areas beyond urban life. To achieve this, we draw on the concept of value chains connecting gentrified neighborhoods to rural agricultural communities. In this chain, processes of valorization and devaluation are generated, which unevenly affect the actors involved in the production and consumption of food. The paper focuses on the conflicts and contestations along the value chain of gentrification, putting interdisciplinary contributions into dialogue while presenting four cases from secondary sources. These cases are illustrative of how these processes operate at different levels, territories, and scales: signature coffee, as a symbol of distinction in gentrified neighborhoods; the avocado from its gastronomic manifestation as avocado toast; wine, from the touristification of its production to valorization strategies in urban consumption; and quinoa, from the patenting of new varieties to the development of markets that exclude large sectors of the population. The boom in the circulation of these foods has the effect of capital accumulation by dispossession in both rural and urban areas and in both production and consumption processes.

Resumen El presente artículo busca contribuir al desarrollo y consolidación de los estudios sobre la gourmetización y la gentrificación alimentaria, enfatizando los efectos que estos procesos tienen en ámbitos que exceden a la vida urbana. En ese marco, se propone recuperar los engranajes de la cadena de valor y sus localizaciones -desde los barrios gentrificados hasta las comunidades rurales agrícolas-, indicando los procesos de valorización y desvalorización y cómo estos afectan de forma desigual a los actores involucrados. Se enfatiza sobre este punto estableciendo un diálogo interdisciplinar. A partir de una revisión bibliográfica, el artículo se basa en cuatro casos recuperados de fuentes secundarias y que ilustran la forma en la que operan estos procesos en distintos niveles, territorios y escalas: el café de autor en cuanto símbolo de distinción en los barrios gentrificados; la palta o aguacate a partir de su manifestación gastronómica en el avocado toast; el vino, desde la turistificación de su producción hasta las estrategias de valorización en su consumo urbano; y la quinoa, desde el patentamiento de nuevas variedades hasta el desarrollo de mercados que excluyen a amplios sectores de población. Se concluye que el auge de estos alimentos tiene efectos de acumulación del capital por desposesión en los ámbitos rural y urbano, al igual que en los procesos de producción y de consumo.

RESUMO Em um contexto local de estudos estritamente tipológicos e com a ausência manuais para o estudo da cerâmica relacionada a cultura arqueológica Puruhá, Serra Central do Equador, verificamos a possibilidade associar a questão teórica e metodológica à prática arqueológica, resultando na localização da produção ceramista como um subsistema intrínseco a compreensão dos sistemas socioculturais que definem uma cultural. Com esta premissa, este manuscrito apresenta uma proposta de classificação em arqueologia com fulcro na análise da cultura material cerâmica contextualizada ou não contextualizada por intermédio da aplicação dos conceitos de antropologia das técnicas e das cadeias operatórias associada às análises tecnotipológicas com o estudo de caso da produção ceramista Puruhá. Tendo como marco metodológico o método empírico indutivo, com enfoque qualitativo que mescla a revisão de literatura, inserção conceitual, técnica e análises, de alcance exploratório e não experimental enquanto desenho de investigação. A proposta de classificação em arqueologia possibilitou verificar a factibilidade e potencial de sua utilização em um contexto Puruhá, assim como sua correlação entre outros sítios, resultando em uma leitura que permite realizar inferências sobre continuidades e mudanças culturais.

ABSTRACT In a local context of strictly typological studies and with the absence of manuals for the study of ceramics related to the Puruhá archaeological culture, Sierra Central do Ecuador, we verified the possibility of associating the theoretical and methodological issue with archaeological practice, resulting in the location of ceramic production as an intrinsic subsystem understanding the sociocultural systems that define a cultural. With this premise, this manuscript presents a proposal for classification in archeology based on the analysis of contextualized or non-contextualized ceramic material culture through the application of the concepts of anthropology of techniques and operational chains associated with techno-typological analyzes with the case study of production Puruhá potter. Having as a methodological framework the inductive empirical method, with a qualitative approach that mixes literature review, conceptual insertion, technique and analysis, with an exploratory and non-experimental scope as a research design. The proposed archeological classification allowed us to check the feasibility and potential of its usage in a Puruhá setting, as well as its linkage with other sites, yielding a reading that allows us to draw conclusions regarding cultural continuities and changes.

RESUMEN En un contexto local de estudios estrictamente tipológicos y con ausencia de manuales para el estudio de la cerámica relacionada con la cultura arqueológica Puruhá, Sierra Central del Ecuador, verificamos la posibilidad de asociar la cuestión teórica y metodológica con la práctica arqueológica, resultando en la ubicación de la producción cerámica como un subsistema intrínseco a la comprensión de los sistemas socioculturales que definen una cultura. Con esta premisa, este manuscrito presenta una propuesta de clasificación en arqueología basada en el análisis de la cultura material cerámica contextualizada o no contextualizada mediante la aplicación de los conceptos de antropología de técnicas y cadenas operativas asociadas a los análisis tecnotipológicos con el estudio de caso de la producción alfarera Puruhá. Teniendo como marco metodológico el método empírico inductivo, con un enfoque cualitativo que mezcla revisión de la literatura, inserción conceptual, técnica y análisis, con un alcance exploratorio y no experimental como diseño de investigación. La propuesta de clasificación en arqueología permitió verificar la factibilidad y potencial de su uso en un contexto Puruhá, así como su correlación con otros sitios, resultando en una lectura que permite hacer inferencias sobre continuidades y cambios culturales.

ABSTRACT The article analyzes the theoretical and methodological contributions of the approaches of regional productive circuits, clusters and global value chains used alternatively for the spatial understanding of social inequalities and development problems in unbalanced productive structures in Latin America. The study is organized in three dimensions of analysis that make the dialogue between the approaches operational: space, scale and relationship between agents. Then, they are used to address the case of unconventional hydrocarbon production in Vaca Muerta, seeking to demonstrate the analytical contributions and limitations of each approach. Finally, the explanatory potentialities of each analyzed perspective are exposed, and it is concluded that the approach of regional productive circuits allows for a complete understanding to address Latin American regional problems based on the particular way in which space is conceived.

RESUMEN El artículo analiza los aportes teóricos y metodológicos de los enfoques de circuitos productivos regionales, de clústeres y de cadenas globales de valor, empleados alternativamente para la comprensión espacial de las desigualdades sociales y los problemas del desarrollo en estructuras productivas desequilibradas en América Latina. El estudio se organiza en tres dimensiones de análisis que tornan operativo el diálogo entre los enfoques: espacio, escala y relación entre agentes. Luego, se recurre a ellos para abordar el caso de la producción hidrocarburífera no convencional en Vaca Muerta, buscando evidenciar los aportes y limitaciones analíticas de cada enfoque. Finalmente, se exponen las potencialidades explicativas de cada una de las perspectivas analizadas y se concluye que el enfoque de circuitos productivos regionales permite alcanzar una comprensión integral para abordar las problemáticas regionales latinoamericanas en función del modo particular en que concibe el espacio.

Resumen En este artículo se presentan los resultados obtenidos del análisis tecno-morfológico y tecnológico efectuado sobre el conjunto lítico proveniente de recolecciones superficiales en distintos sectores del sitio Laguna La Huinca, ubicado en la cuenca media del arroyo Tapalqué (provincia de Buenos Aires). El objetivo principal es identificar, a partir de la reconstrucción de las cadenas operativas para cada roca, las prácticas tecnológicas y las trayectorias de producción utilizadas por los grupos cazadores-recolectores que habitaron este sector de la cuenca, alejado de las fuentes de abastecimiento. En líneas generales, se identificó un predominio de la ortocuarcita, seguida por la ftanita y en proporciones ínfimas dolomía silicificada, arenisca, diabasa y cuarzo. Si bien se registra esta misma tendencia en la representación de las rocas en los sitios Empalme Querandíes 1 y Laguna de Frías, esta situación no se condice con el resto de los sitios para la cuenca superior y media del arroyo Tapalqué. Se identificaron diferencias en el tratamiento de las rocas, lo cual se ve reflejado en las diversas prácticas tecnológicas y en los modos de producción de los artefactos líticos. La escasa presencia de desechos de talla con corteza permite pensar que las etapas iniciales de descortezamiento se realizaron fuera del sitio. Las cadenas operativas en ortocuarcita y ftanita están representadas por las etapas que van desde la producción lítica, vinculada con la obtención de formas-base, hasta el mantenimiento de los artefactos formatizados.

Abstract This article presents the results obtained from the techno-morphological and technological analysis of the lithic assemblage from surface collections in different sectors of the Laguna La Huinca site, located in the middle basin of the Tapalqué creek (Buenos Aires province). The main objective is to identify, from the reconstruction of the operational chains for each rock, the technological practices and trajectories of production used by hunter-gatherer groups that inhabited this sector of the basin, far from the sources of procurement. In general terms, a predominance of orthoquartzite was identified, followed by chert and, to a lesser extent, silicified dolomite, sandstone, diabase and quartz. Although this same trend in the representation of rocks is recorded at the Empalme Querandíes 1 and Laguna de Frías sites, this situation is not consistent with the rest of the sites for the upper and middle basin of the Tapalqué creek. Differences in the treatment of the rocks were identified, which is reflected in the diverse technological practices and modes of production of lithic artefacts. The scarce presence of cortex on flakes suggests that the initial stages of debarking were carried out off-site. The operational chains in orthoquartzite and chert are represented by stages ranging from lithic production, linked to the production of blanks, to the maintenance of the stone tools.

Resumo O Projeto ArticulaFito realizou um amplo diagnóstico da base produtiva de espécies vegetais com valor medicinal, cosmético e alimentar, mapeando 26 cadeias de valor (CdV) de povos e comunidades tradicionais e de agricultores familiares (PCTAFs). O objetivo é definir critérios para priorização de ações de fortalecimento das CdV mapeadas, tendo como referência os desafios e oportunidades identificados. As metodologias de análise envoltória de dados e diagrama de Pareto foram aplicadas em dados quantitativos extraídos de cada mapa de CdV. Dessa forma, o conjunto de CdV foi dividido em quatro grupos de níveis de desempenho. Para cada grupo foi traçado um diagrama de ação que ordenou as ocorrências e suas origens, permitindo relacionar e indicar, em ordem de prioridade, as instituições e os atores a serem considerados no processo de fortalecimento. O grupo com o melhor desempenho apresentou dez espécies, sendo 70% no segmento cosmético, no bioma Amazônia e na região norte, 80% nativas sob regime de extrativismo e 20% exóticas sob regime de cultivo. O diagrama de ação gerado priorizou as ações e os investimentos, otimizando os recursos públicos aplicados para a inclusão produtiva dos PCTAFs por meio do uso sustentável da sociobiodiversidade.

Abstract The ArticulaFito Project conducted a broad analysis of the production base of plants with medicinal, cosmetic, and food value, mapping 26 value chains (CdV) of traditional peoples and communities and family farmers (PCTAFs). The objective is to define criteria to prioritize actions in order to strengthen the mapped CdV, maintaining the identified challenges and opportunities as a reference. Data Envelopment Analysis and Pareto Diagram methodologies were applied to quantitative data extracted from each CdV map. In this way, the CdV set was divided into four groups of performance levels. For each group, an action diagram was drawn, which, ordered the occurrences and their origins, enabling the reporting and indication, in order of priority, of the institutions and actors to be considered in the strengthening process. The group with the best performance had ten species, 70% in the cosmetic segment, in the Amazon biome, and in the northern region, with 80% native under an extractive regime and 20% exotic under a cultivation regime. The Action Diagram generated prioritized actions and investments, optimizing public resources in the productive inclusion of PCTAFs for the sustainable use of (socio) biodiversity.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) chains, by means of the grafting from route, using the TEMED/KPS redox pair as free-radical initiators. The confirmation of grafting was revealed by 13C NMR spectra. In a test with murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cell line), CNC-g-PNIPAM copolymers did not affect cell viability nor RAW cell oxide nitric production. Raw cells exposed to oxidative stress induced by H2O2 decreased the cell viability (~ 60%) and increased lipid peroxidation, as revealed by malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. The most effective protection against the oxidative damage, with cell viability of 100%, was provided by 50 µg mL−1 of CNC-g-PNIPAM synthesized with 1:1 CNC:NIPAM mass ratio. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the levels of GSH, MDA and SOD between cells treated with the modified CNC and cells not exposed to peroxide. These results indicate that the antioxidant properties of CNC-g-PNIPAM may be useful in possible applications in health treatments. CNCs (CNCs polyNisopropylacrylamide poly N isopropylacrylamide poly(N-isopropylacrylamide PNIPAM (PNIPAM chains route TEMEDKPS TEMED KPS freeradical free radical initiators C spectra 2647 264 7 264. line, line , line) CNCgPNIPAM g production HO H O H2O ~ ( 60% 60 peroxidation MDA, (MDA) GSH (GSH (SOD damage 100 100% 5 mL1 mL 1 mL− 11 1: CNCNIPAM NIPAM ratio Furthermore peroxide treatments 26 6 (MDA 10 2

ABSTRACT Copper-based formulations are used extensively to manage two of the leading citrus diseases that affect the São Paulo (SP) citrus belt, Brazil, namely, citrus canker and citrus black spot. Since the early 2010s, studies have identified the critical period and ideal frequency of copper applications to control each disease. Consequently, results have led to an optimized joint spray program replacing the traditional one and an essential reduction in copper use without affecting control quality. These research studies have presented the benefits of copper use reduction, although the potential economic impact has not been calculated. The present study aimed to estimate the value of copper potentially saved by adopting the optimized spray program for citrus canker and citrus black spot control per hectare and in the entire SP citrus belt since 2017, when both diseases began to be managed concomitantly. The optimized program allowed for a ~56 % reduction in metallic copper usage (~10 kg ha–1 per season). This amount of copper saved corresponds to ~120 dollars per hectare per season. Moreover, if the optimized program were to be used throughout the SP citrus belt, the average saving is estimated at ~56 million dollars per season. These results showed that economic analysis reinforces the value of scientific research herein by adjusting disease management for the production chains’ maintenance, development, and sustainability. Copperbased Copper based (SP Brazil namely 2010s s Consequently quality calculated 2017 concomitantly 56 ~5 ~10 10 (~1 ha1 ha 1 ha– season . season) 120 ~12 Moreover chains maintenance development sustainability 201 5 ~ ~1 (~ 12 20 ( 2

Abstract The Cerrado biome has tremendous social, heritage, and income-generating importance for traditional communities from this Brazilian region. Although the exotic fruits of Brazilian Cerrado are a subsistence source for communities that cultivate them and contribute to regional tourism promotion, they are not systematically studied. This study explores the potential of the biodiversity of exotic fruits from the Brazilian Cerrado biome as a promoter of food tourism. Exploring tourism and local production chains can enhance the development of Cerrado. Articulating this ‘new’ type of interaction between national public policies, local productive arrangements (LPA), traditional communities, and tourist activity actors can also help promote the exotic fruits from Cerrado. Thus, this is the first time the tourism experience emphasizing fruits has been explored as a promising alternative to regional development. social heritage incomegenerating income generating region promotion studied ‘new new policies LPA, LPA , (LPA) Thus (LPA

Abstract The ArticulaFito Project conducted a broad analysis of the production base of plants with medicinal, cosmetic, and food value, mapping 26 value chains (CdV) of traditional peoples and communities and family farmers (PCTAFs). The objective is to define criteria to prioritize actions in order to strengthen the mapped CdV, maintaining the identified challenges and opportunities as a reference. Data Envelopment Analysis and Pareto Diagram methodologies were applied to quantitative data extracted from each CdV map. In this way, the CdV set was divided into four groups of performance levels. For each group, an action diagram was drawn, which, ordered the occurrences and their origins, enabling the reporting and indication, in order of priority, of the institutions and actors to be considered in the strengthening process. The group with the best performance had ten species, 70% in the cosmetic segment, in the Amazon biome, and in the northern region, with 80% native under an extractive regime and 20% exotic under a cultivation regime. The Action Diagram generated prioritized actions and investments, optimizing public resources in the productive inclusion of PCTAFs for the sustainable use of (socio) biodiversity. medicinal 2 (CdV PCTAFs. . (PCTAFs) reference map way levels drawn which origins indication priority process species 70 segment biome region 80 20 investments socio (socio biodiversity (PCTAFs 7 8

Resumo O Projeto ArticulaFito realizou um amplo diagnóstico da base produtiva de espécies vegetais com valor medicinal, cosmético e alimentar, mapeando 26 cadeias de valor (CdV) de povos e comunidades tradicionais e de agricultores familiares (PCTAFs). O objetivo é definir critérios para priorização de ações de fortalecimento das CdV mapeadas, tendo como referência os desafios e oportunidades identificados. As metodologias de análise envoltória de dados e diagrama de Pareto foram aplicadas em dados quantitativos extraídos de cada mapa de CdV. Dessa forma, o conjunto de CdV foi dividido em quatro grupos de níveis de desempenho. Para cada grupo foi traçado um diagrama de ação que ordenou as ocorrências e suas origens, permitindo relacionar e indicar, em ordem de prioridade, as instituições e os atores a serem considerados no processo de fortalecimento. O grupo com o melhor desempenho apresentou dez espécies, sendo 70% no segmento cosmético, no bioma Amazônia e na região norte, 80% nativas sob regime de extrativismo e 20% exóticas sob regime de cultivo. O diagrama de ação gerado priorizou as ações e os investimentos, otimizando os recursos públicos aplicados para a inclusão produtiva dos PCTAFs por meio do uso sustentável da sociobiodiversidade. medicinal alimentar 2 (CdV PCTAFs. . (PCTAFs) mapeadas identificados forma origens indicar prioridade 70 norte 80 20 cultivo investimentos sociobiodiversidade (PCTAFs 7 8