Abstract (Introduction): Within the framework of the present capitalist system, human beings have become an important polluting agent. Current production and consumption processes do not consider the existence of finite natural resources and a planet incapable of treating the waste that the prevailing way of life generates. Given these circumstances, the study of non-linear models is of interest, which make a more rational use of the waste that the productive activity generates, favoring recycling mechanisms. The phenomenon of recycling becomes particularly relevant in the case of electrical and electronic devices, whose ability to be degraded and metabolized by planet Earth is extremely difficult. (Objective): Evaluate the feasibility of installing and starting a recycling plant for electrical and electronics items in the town of Bahía Blanca (Argentina), during 2021. (Methodology): The conventional method for evaluating investment projects was used, considering technical, legal and economic aspects. (Results): The project is not acceptable according to the profitability intended by the investor. The possibility of financing was also included, which made the project even less profitable, and the sensitivity of the results was measured, finding that the price should be 1.48 % higher than that used in the analysis. (Conclusions): Other alternatives must be explored to make this proposal profitable from an economic and financial point of view.

Resumen (Introducción): En el marco del sistema capitalista vigente, el ser humano se ha transformado en un agente significativo de contaminación. Las dinámicas productivas y de consumo actuales no contemplan la existencia de recursos naturales finitos y de un planeta incapaz de procesar los desperdicios que el modo de vida habitual genera. Dadas estas circunstancias, cobra interés el estudio de modelos no lineales, que hagan un uso más racional de los residuos derivados de la actividad productiva, los cuales favorezcan mecanismos de reciclaje. El fenómeno del reciclaje se vuelve, en particular, relevante para el caso de los artefactos eléctricos y electrónicos; la capacidad del planeta Tierra para degradarlos y metabolizarlos resulta sumamente difícil. (Objetivo): Evaluar la factibilidad de la instalación y puesta en marcha de una planta recicladora de artículos eléctricos y electrónicos en la localidad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina), durante el 2021. (Metodología): Se utilizó la metodología convencional de evaluación de proyectos de inversión, considerando aspectos técnicos, legales y económicos. (Resultados): El proyecto no es aceptable según la rentabilidad pretendida por el inversor. También se incluyó la posibilidad de un financiamiento, lo que hizo que el plan fuera menos rentable aún, y se midió la sensibilidad de los resultados: se halló que el precio debiera ser 1.48 % superior al utilizado en el análisis. (Conclusiones): Se deben explorar otras alternativas para lograr que el proyecto sea rentable desde el punto de vista económico-financiero.

Résumé Par la méthode historique-comparative, cet article aborde les impacts, sur les États-Unis, l’Allemagne et le Brésil, des quatre crises économiques internationales survenues jusqu’en 2019, en se concentrant principalement sur leurs effets sur le régime politique et le post-2008. Les pays sélectionnés ont eu des expériences autoritaires distinctes, anciennes ou actuelles. Je conceptualise l’État de manière tridimensionnelle : régime politique, appareil décisionnel et structure de domination politique appuyée sur des coalitions. J’argumente que les conjonctures internationales critiques ont tendance à avoir un impact sur cette tridimensionalité, facilitant l’observation de ses variations et continuités. Je formule et corrobore trois hypothèses sur ces crises : elles ont tendance à augmenter ou diminuer les niveaux de démocratie ou d’autocratie des régimes ou à les changer ; la réponse autocratisante dépend d’une relation de forces pro-entreprises, subordonnant les travailleurs ; l’engagement démocratique des acteurs s’oppose à l’autocratisation. La contribution à la littérature réside dans la manière d’aborder les processus d’autocratisation et de démocratisation, ici étudiés à travers les impacts des crises économiques internationales sur les États. Les conjonctures critiques éclairent les composants clés de la mutabilité du Léviathan. On examine le régime politique par la politique économique des relations entre l’État, les marchés et les classes sociales, et non exclusivement par les variables politico-institutionnelles. On analyse les mécanismes d’intersection de la sphère et des acteurs politico-institutionnels avec les structures et acteurs économiques et sociaux, qui, impactant la tridimensionalité de l’État, entraînent des changements de régime ou dans le régime. historiquecomparative, historiquecomparative historique comparative, comparative historique-comparative ÉtatsUnis, ÉtatsUnis États Unis, Unis États-Unis lAllemagne l Allemagne Brésil jusquen jusqu 2019 post2008. post2008 post 2008. 2008 post-2008 distinctes actuelles lÉtat État coalitions Jargumente J argumente lobservation observation continuités dautocratie d autocratie dune une proentreprises, proentreprises pro entreprises, entreprises pro-entreprises lengagement engagement soppose s oppose lautocratisation. lautocratisation autocratisation. autocratisation l’autocratisation daborder aborder dautocratisation démocratisation Léviathan lÉtat, État, sociales politicoinstitutionnelles. politicoinstitutionnelles politico institutionnelles. institutionnelles politico-institutionnelles dintersection intersection politicoinstitutionnels institutionnels sociaux qui 201 post200 200 post-200 20 post20 post-20 2 post2 post-2 post-

Resumen Por medio del método histórico comparativo, se abordan los impactos en los Estados de Estados Unidos, Alemania y Brasil, de las cuatro crisis económicas internacionales que han ocurrido hasta 2019, enfocándose, principalmente, en sus efectos en el régimen político y en el periodo posterior a 2008. Los países seleccionados tuvieron distintas experiencias autoritarias, antiguas o actuales. Defino al Estado de una forma tridimensional: régimen político, aparato decisor y estructura de dominación política respaldada en coaliciones. Argumento que las respectivas coyunturas críticas internacionales tienden a impactar esta tridimensionalidad, facilitando la observación de sus variaciones y continuidades. Así, formulo y corroboro tres hipótesis sobre esas crisis: tienden a aumentar o disminuir los niveles de democracia o autocracia de los regímenes o a cambiarlos; la respuesta autocratizante depende de una relación de fuerzas proempresarial que subordina a los trabajadores; y el compromiso democrático de los actores opera contra la autocratización. La contribución a la literatura se relaciona con el modo de abordar los procesos de autocratización y democratización aquí investigados por los impactos de las crisis económicas internacionales en los Estados. Las coyunturas críticas vislumbran componentes clave de la mutabilidad del Leviatán. Se investiga el régimen político a partir de la economía política de las relaciones entre Estado, mercados y clases sociales, y no exclusivamente por las variables político-institucionales. Se analizan mecanismos de intersección de la esfera y de los actores político-institucionales con las estructuras y actores económicos y sociales, que, impactando en la tridimensionalidad del Estado, implican cambios de régimen o en el régimen. comparativo Unidos Brasil 2019 enfocándose principalmente 2008 autoritarias actuales tridimensional coaliciones continuidades Así cambiarlos trabajadores Leviatán sociales políticoinstitucionales. políticoinstitucionales institucionales. institucionales 201 200 20 2

Abstract This study uses a historical-comparative method to examine the impacts of the four international economic crises that occurred until 2019 on the United States, Germany, and Brazil, focusing primarily on their effects on the political regime and the post-2008 period. The selected countries had different authoritarian experiences, either in the distant past or more recently. The State is conceptualized along three dimensions: political regime, decision-making apparatus, and the structure of political domination supported by coalitions. The argument is that the respective international critical junctures tend to impact this three-dimensionality, making it easier to observe their variations and continuities. Three hypotheses are formulated and corroborated regarding these crises: they tend to increase or decrease the levels of democracy or autocracy in regimes or change them; autocratization depends on a pro-business power balance that subordinates workers; the democratic commitment of actors operates against autocratization. This study’s contribution to the literature lies in the approach to processes of autocratization and democratization, which are investigated here through the impacts of international economic crises on States. Critical junctures shed light on key components of the mutability of the Leviathan. It investigates the political regime through the political economy of the relationships between the State, markets, and social classes, not exclusively through political-institutional variables. Mechanisms of intersection between the political-institutional sphere and economic and social structures and actors are analyzed. These mechanisms impact the three-dimensionality of the State, leading to changes in the regime or within the regime. historicalcomparative historical comparative 201 States Germany Brazil post2008 post 2008 post-200 period experiences recently dimensions decisionmaking decision apparatus coalitions threedimensionality, threedimensionality dimensionality, dimensionality continuities them probusiness pro business workers studys s democratization Leviathan markets classes politicalinstitutional institutional variables analyzed 20 post200 200 post-20 2 post20 post-2 post2 post-

Resumo Aborda-se, pelo método histórico-comparativo, impactos, nos Estados dos EUA, Alemanha e Brasil, das quatro crises econômicas internacionais ocorridas até 2019, focando-se, principalmente, em seus efeitos no regime político e no pós-2008. Os países selecionados tiveram distintas experiências autoritárias, remotas ou atuais. Conceituo o Estado tridimensionalmente: regime político, aparato decisor e estrutura de dominação política escorada em coalizões. Argumento que as respectivas conjunturas críticas internacionais tendem a impactar nesta sua tridimensionalidade, facilitando a observação de suas variações e continuidades. Formulo e corroboro três hipóteses sobre essas crises: elas tendem a aumentar ou diminuir os níveis de democracia ou autocracia dos regimes ou a mudá-los; a resposta autocratizante depende de uma relação de forças pró-empresarial, que subordine os trabalhadores; o compromisso democrático dos atores opera contra a autocratização. A contribuição com a literatura está no modo de abordagem dos processos de autocratização e democratização, aqui investigados pelos impactos das crises econômicas internacionais nos Estados. As conjunturas críticas iluminam componentes-chave da mutabilidade do Leviatã. Investiga-se o regime político pela economia política das relações entre Estado, mercados e classes sociais, e não exclusivamente pelas variáveis político-institucionais. Analisam-se mecanismos de intersecção da esfera e dos atores político-institucionais com as estruturas e atores econômicos e sociais, que, impactando na tridimensionalidade do Estado, ensejam mudanças de regime ou no regime. Abordase, Abordase Aborda se, se Aborda-se históricocomparativo, históricocomparativo histórico comparativo, comparativo histórico-comparativo EUA Brasil 2019 focandose, focandose focando focando-se principalmente pós2008. pós2008 pós 2008. 2008 pós-2008 autoritárias atuais tridimensionalmente coalizões continuidades mudálos mudá los mudá-los próempresarial, próempresarial pró empresarial, empresarial pró-empresarial trabalhadores democratização componenteschave componentes chave Leviatã Investigase Investiga sociais políticoinstitucionais. políticoinstitucionais institucionais. institucionais Analisamse Analisam 201 pós200 200 pós-200 20 pós20 pós-20 2 pós2 pós-2 pós-

Résumé Il y a toujours un scepticisme quant à savoir si un membre élu peut exercer une influence au Conseil de Sécurité des Nations Unies (CSNU). Cet article réévalue comment le Brésil, l’Inde et l’Afrique du Sud ont tenté d’influencer le processus de prise de décision du CSNU en tant que membres pendant la période 2010-2012. Il aborde la dynamique et les pratiques du Conseil, la centralité des cinq membres permanents (P5) et les moyens utilisés par les trois pays pour atteindre leurs objectifs de politique étrangère. À travers ces cas spécifiques, cet article montre que bien qu’il y ait de la place pour un membre élu pour influencer le Conseil, il est difficile de défier la prédominance du P5 même en profitant des opportunités et en s’engageant avec les principaux acteurs du CSNU. . (CSNU) Brésil lInde l Inde lAfrique Afrique dinfluencer d 20102012. 20102012 2010 2012. 2012 2010-2012 P (P5 étrangère spécifiques quil qu sengageant s engageant (CSNU 2010201 201 2010-201 (P 201020 20 2010-20 20102 2 2010-2 2010-

Abstract There is always scepticism about the extent to which an elected member of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) can meaningfully exert influence. This article reassesses how, between 2010 and 2012, Brazil, India, and South Africa tried to leverage their membership to influence UNSC decision-making processes. It addresses the Council’s dynamics and practices, the centrality of its five permanent members (P5), and the ways these countries achieve their foreign policy objectives. Through country-specific cases, this article shows that although there is space for an elected member to influence the Council, challenging the predominance of the P5 remains difficult, even by seizing opportunities and engaging with key UNSC players. (UNSC how 201 2012 Brazil India decisionmaking decision making processes Councils s practices P5, P , (P5) objectives countryspecific country specific cases difficult players 20 (P5 2 (P

Resumen Siempre existe escepticismo sobre si un miembro electo puede ejercer influencia en el Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas (CSNU). Este artículo reevalúa cómo Brasil, India y Sudáfrica intentaron influir en el proceso de toma de decisiones del CSNU como miembros en el periodo 2010-2012. Examina la dinámica y las prácticas del Consejo, la centralidad de los cinco miembros permanentes (P5) y las formas en que los tres países alcanzan sus objetivos de política exterior. A través de estos casos concretos, este artículo muestra que, aunque un miembro electo tiene margen para influir en el Consejo, es difícil desafiar el predominio de los P5 incluso aprovechando las oportunidades y comprometiéndose con los actores clave del CSNU. . (CSNU) Brasil 20102012. 20102012 2010 2012. 2012 2010-2012 P (P5 exterior concretos (CSNU 2010201 201 2010-201 (P 201020 20 2010-20 20102 2 2010-2 2010-

Resumo Há sempre ceticismo sobre se um membro eleito pode exercer influência no Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas (CSNU). Este artigo reavalia como Brasil, Índia e África do Sul tentaram influenciar o processo de tomada de decisão do CSNU como membros no período 2010-2012. Aborda a dinâmica e as práticas do Conselho, a centralidade dos cinco membros permanentes (P5) e as formas utilizadas pelos três países para atingir seus objetivos de política externa. Por meio desses casos específicos, este artigo mostra que, embora haja espaço para um membro eleito influenciar o Conselho, é difícil desafiar a predominância do P5 mesmo aproveitando oportunidades e engajando-se com os principais atores do CSNU. . (CSNU) Brasil 20102012. 20102012 2010 2012. 2012 2010-2012 P (P5 externa específicos que engajandose engajando (CSNU 2010201 201 2010-201 (P 201020 20 2010-20 20102 2 2010-2 2010-

Assessing the dynamics of pollutants in the environment is a very complex challenge, primarily because of the large number of variables involved. Thus, in addition to processes that depend on the physicochemical properties of the pollutant and the main characteristics of the contaminated environment, there are less obvious phenomena that also influence the dynamics of pollutants, such as colloid-mediated transport. The objective of this work is to elucidate the main characteristics of this process and its influence on the transport of pollutants through the soil, taking glyphosate as an example. Although this pollutant is strongly retained by soil components, its presence in groundwater is quite frequent, often due to this facilitated transport by colloids. challenge involved Thus colloidmediated colloid mediated example components frequent colloids

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor used in different commercial polymers, is a persistent pollutant commonly found in effluents. Conventional wastewater treatment processes have low chemical removal efficiency and are expensive. This work evaluated BPA removal using laccase enzyme produced from white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. For the enzymatic production, residues of acai berry and pineapple were used as laccase inducers. The use of natural inducers led to a high enzyme production (1139 and 1031 U mL−1 to acai and pineapple, respectively). Bisphenol A was removed to a concentration lower than LOD (limit of detection) after 4 h. The degradation mechanism of BPA occurred by oxidation of methyl to hydroxymethyl group in a propane portion, with breakdown of the aromatic ring. The developed technology brought to the scene a new green, viable methodology, using vegetable waste, adding value to these residues and bringing an alternative to the BPA treatment. BPA, , (BPA) polymers effluents expensive ostreatus 1139 (113 103 mL1 mL 1 mL− respectively. respectively . respectively) limit detection h portion ring green methodology waste (BPA 113 (11 10 11 (1 (

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and related materials have been studied for a long time and their application in catalytic processes remain attractive due to the tuned properties, morphologies and metal-support interactions obtained from a variety of composition and synthesis route. In this mini-review, some important reactions, such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, reduction, carbon-carbon cross-couplings and water-gas shift will be emphasized along with the role of LDHs as catalysts, co-catalysts or catalytic precursors when it was clearly indicated. (LDHs properties metalsupport metal support route minireview, minireview mini review, review mini-review reactions photocatalysis electrocatalysis reduction carboncarbon carbon crosscouplings cross couplings watergas water gas catalysts cocatalysts co indicated

Chitosan (CS) blends with collagen (CL) and Aloe vera (AV) have gained significant attention in the biomedical field due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and potential for wound healing applications. In this study, we investigated the preparation and characterization of CS/CL and CS/AV blends using selective precipitation and co-precipitation techniques. The synthesis processes were analyzed for yield and 4-hydroxyproline content (in CS/CL blends). The materials were characterized using bromatological analyses, viscosity measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These eco-friendly methods effectively promoted interactions between the biopolymers, resulting in homogeneous blends with tunable properties. Besides, they are simple, fast, safe, and require minimal infrastructure. This study demonstrated that selective precipitation and co-precipitation are effective methods for producing chitosan/collagen and chitosan/Aloe vera blends. These methods foster interactions and miscibility between the biopolymers, as confirmed by FTIR, XRD, viscosity, and 4-Hy content analyses. They also align with green chemistry principles by avoiding organic solvents, reducing environmental risks, and minimizing waste. The high yields achieved, especially for CS/AV blends (exceeding 96%), make these materials compatible with lyophilization procedures. The absence of segregated phases after appropriate washing underscores their suitability for pharmaceutical formulations and other applications. CS (CS CL (CL AV (AV biocompatibility biodegradability applications CSCL CSAV coprecipitation co techniques 4hydroxyproline hydroxyproline 4 . blends) analyses measurements Fouriertransform Fourier transform FTIR , (FTIR) Xray X ray XRD (XRD) SEM. SEM (SEM) ecofriendly eco friendly biopolymers properties Besides simple fast safe infrastructure chitosancollagen chitosan chitosanAloe 4Hy Hy solvents risks waste achieved exceeding 96%, 96 96% 96%) procedures (FTIR (XRD (SEM 9

ABSTRACT Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds have attracted great economic interest for their high levels of linoleic and α-linolenic acids. In Brazil, there is a lack of studies on the agronomic characteristics and physiological quality of chia, necessitating research on germination processes and strategies to enhance yield under field conditions. There are no studies assessing the development of seeds with different coat colors in the presence of fungicides. This study aimed to assess the physiological quality of chia seeds as a function of coat color and fungicide treatment. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and six replications. For this, seeds were divided into two groups according to coat color (black and white) and subjected or not to treatment with carboxin + thiram. Germination speed index, germination rate, and shoot length were evaluated in plants sown at 0, 90, and 180 days after seed treatment. Germination rate and speed index differed significantly between coat colors, with white seeds having higher vigor than black seeds. Shoot length, however, differed only for seeds sown on the day of treatment, indicating that treated seeds were more vigorous. Salvia L. L αlinolenic α linolenic acids Brazil conditions fungicides replications this thiram 0 90 18 however vigorous 9 1

With the increase in life expectancy and the significant incidence of lesions of the musculoskeletal system, both the public and private sectors seek improvements in their products and processes in order to contribute to the health of the population. Every year tons of chicken eggshell (CES) from domestic consumption are released in environment and the present work aims the production of a synthetic ceramic bone substitute using the eggshell as a source of calcium ions. According to the methodology, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mol% of iron ions were used and the characterization assays demonstrated the formation of a double calcium iron phosphate - Ca9Fe(PO4)7. MG63 cells were cultured on test specimens to cell viability assay and to each doped group analyzed, verifying cell compatibility with the studied compounds, as well as a good adhesion profile. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the cells showed that material surface favored cell adhesion and the results demonstrated that the production of the compounds were viable to Ca9Fe(PO4)7 phase. So, in the future, it will be possible to have a final comprehensive biological compatibility of the prototype for further in vitro and in vivo assays. system population CES (CES methodology 5 10 1 2 mol Ca9FePO47. Ca9FePO47 CaFePO Ca9Fe PO4 7. 7 Ca Fe PO MG MG6 analyzed profile SEM (SEM Ca9Fe(PO4) phase So future FePO Ca9FePO4 CaFe Ca9Fe(PO4 Ca9FePO Ca9Fe(PO

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar o processo de preservação e de refuncionalização do patrimônio industrial do Vale do Ruhr a partir de uma pesquisa de campo realizada na região entre outubro de 2023 e julho de 2024. Para tal finalidade, iniciaremos contextualizando o processo de industrialização e de desindustrialização ocorridos nos últimos 150 anos, no Vale do Ruhr, demonstrando suas conexões com a urbanização da área, bem como com a construção de uma identidade coletiva local fundamentada na memória do passado mineiro e industrial. Em seguida, demonstraremos como ocorreu o processo político e econômico que levou à formação da Rota do Patrimônio Industrial do Ruhr, um conjunto de espaços industriais de interesse histórico agora protegidos e reconvertidos a novas finalidades. 202 2024 finalidade 15 anos área seguida finalidades 20 1 2

Abstract This article aims to describe and analyze the process of preservation and repurposing of industrial heritage in the Ruhr Valley based on field research conducted in the region between October 2023 and July 2024. To achieve this, we will begin by contextualizing the industrialization and deindustrialization process that has been occurring over the last century and a half in the Ruhr Valley. We will demonstrate its connections with the urbanization of the area and the construction of a local collective identity grounded on the memory of the mining and industrial past. Then, we will explore the political and economic processes that led to the formation of the Ruhr Industrial Heritage Route, a collection of industrial sites of historical interest now protected and repurposed. 202 2024 this past Then Route repurposed 20 2

RESUMO A produção de grãos apresenta crescimento constante, entretanto, a capacidade estatística de armazenamento permanece deficitária no Brasil. A falta de estruturas e a precariedade e inadequação no armazenamento ocasionam perdas na pós-colheita, devido ação de fatores que interagem com os grãos, culminando na sua deterioração. Para reversão desses efeitos, o tratamento químico é realizado, contudo, busca-se por sua substituição por substâncias naturais devido a implicações ambientais e medicinais. Objetivou-se com esta revisão, a discussão de uma potencial estratégia sustentável para o tratamento de grãos armazenados, com foco no uso de compostos naturais com propriedades bioativas como antifúngica, antioxidante e inseticida, que os torna potenciais para serem estudados. Foram delineados compostos naturais que possuem propriedades úteis para aplicação no armazenamento de grãos. Pesquisas a respeito do emprego dos compostos naturais no tratamento de grãos são incipientes, carecendo de avanços na identificação de novos compostos promissores, melhor compreensão dos mecanismos de ação e otimização/desenvolvimento de processos de extração, aplicação e formulação eficazes que viabilizem o futuro uso das substâncias. constante entretanto Brasil póscolheita, póscolheita pós colheita, colheita pós-colheita deterioração efeitos realizado contudo buscase busca se medicinais Objetivouse Objetivou revisão armazenados antifúngica inseticida estudados incipientes promissores otimizaçãodesenvolvimento otimização desenvolvimento extração

ABSTRACT Grain production is steadily increasing; however, the static storage capacity remains inadequate in Brazil. The lack of proper facilities and the precarious and inadequate storage conditions lead to post-harvest losses due to factors interacting with the grains, causing their deterioration. Chemical treatments are commonly used to reverse these effects; however, their replacement with natural substances has been sought due to environmental and human health concerns. The objective of this review was to discuss a sustainable strategy for treating stored grains, focusing on the use of natural compounds with bioactive properties, such as antifungal, antioxidant, and insecticidal activities, with potential for further studies. Natural compounds with useful properties for application in grain storage were outlined. Research on the use of natural compounds in grain treatment is still in its early stages, requiring progress in identifying new promising compounds, understanding the mechanisms of action, and developing and optimizing effective extraction, application, and formulation processes to make the use of these substances viable. increasing however Brazil postharvest post harvest grains deterioration effects concerns antifungal antioxidant activities studies outlined stages action extraction viable

Serial numbers are marks present on several day-to-day objects, created by manufacturers for purposes such as quality control, product tracking and to prevent counterfeiting. In the case of firearms, these characters can be obliterated or damaged by natural processes or intentionally by criminals to prevent positive identification of stolen property. One non-destructive method employed by crime laboratories for the restoration of obliterated characters is the magnetic particle method. The present work aims to study the synthesis and application of waste-made magnetic nanoparticles in the recovery of adulterated markings. A set of analytical-grade materials and metallic waste magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized for comparison purposes. Chemical characterization tests by X-ray fluorescence, morphological tests by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and magnetization tests by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were performed. The efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles was tested on 1020 steel plates previously engraved and adulterated by sanding. Both homemade magnetic nanoparticles demonstrated superior performance compared to commercial magnetic particles. The application of homemade magnetic particles, especially using waste as the source of production, decreases the cost of the material and is environmentally friendly. The development of this material makes magnetic serial number restoration a better option for widespread use in forensic procedures. daytoday day objects control counterfeiting firearms property nondestructive non destructive wastemade made markings analyticalgrade analytical grade Xray X ray fluorescence SEM, SEM , (SEM) VSM (VSM performed 102 sanding particles production friendly procedures (SEM 10 1

ABSTRACT Planting is considered one of the most essential steps in coffee growing. Lack of uniformity in planting may compromise future operations. Therefore, verifying planting operations quality is fundamental to optimizing production processes and reducing costs. This study aimed to investigate planting techniques through Statistical Process Control (SPC) and aerial images. Carried out in two areas, managed manually and semi-mechanized in the Bom Jardim Farm (MG - Brazil). Data were collected through Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA). Quality control charts and density maps were used to identify variations in distribution and spacing between plants and planting rows. It was found that the planting carried out manually was 4.7% wider than projected due to spacing reduction from 0.5 m to 0.48 m. The semi-mechanized system displayed a deficit of 7% compared to the projected planting system, using 0.55 m between plants. The density map showed the most significant planting alignment variations. Despite displaying lower results than the manual system, the semi-mechanized system improvements are valid for their minimal average variations. Thus, correcting points found outside the limits can increase the efficiency of semi-mechanized planting. growing Therefore costs SPC (SPC images areas semimechanized semi mechanized MG Brazil. Brazil . Brazil) RPA. RPA (RPA) rows 47 4 7 4.7 05 0 5 0. 048 48 0.4 055 55 Thus (RPA 4. 04

Two novel alkyl thiophene-modified pyrene derivatives (1)-(2) were created and synthesized using palladium-catalyzed Stille coupling processes and Friedel-Crafts reaction of pyrene. The polycyclic aromatic groups of the thiophene-modified pyrene were oxidized with Ag[Al(OC(CF3)3)4] to provide the insensitive radical cations 1•+-2•+ based on the alkyl thiophene-modified pyrene derivatives. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, were used to investigate their structures and properties. The pyrene moieties were the primary location of the electron spin distribution, with a little overflow onto the outer thiophene moieties. Due to the different substituent groups, free radicals 1•+ 2•+ exhibit some different properties. Compound 1•+ is the most extensive thiophene-modified pyrene radical cation that has been reported. These species are anticipated to have wide-ranging potential in the areas of optoelectronic materials and semiconductors. thiophenemodified modified 12 1 2 (1)-(2 palladiumcatalyzed palladium catalyzed FriedelCrafts Friedel Crafts AgAlOCCF334 AgAlOCCF Ag Al OC CF3 3 4 CF Ag[Al(OC(CF3)3)4 1•+2•+ 1•+-2• NMR, NMR , (NMR) EPR, EPR (EPR) UVVis UV Vis spectroscopy DFT (DFT calculations properties distribution 1• 2• reported wideranging wide ranging semiconductors (1)-( AgAlOCCF33 Ag[Al(OC(CF3)3) 1•+2• 1•+-2 (NMR (EPR (1)- AgAlOCCF3 Ag[Al(OC(CF3)3 1•+2 1•+- (1) Ag[Al(OC(CF3) (1 Ag[Al(OC(CF3 ( Ag[Al(OC(CF

Groundwater is considered an important source of water aid for human consumption. However, this water can be contaminated by impurities, such contamination spots that might reach the water tables. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of shallow groundwater in Flores neighborhood, located in the municipality of Benevides, within Belém metropolitan region, State of Pará, Brazil. Recommendations described in Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater were followed at the time to determine physical-chemical parameters such as potential hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), apparent color, turbidity, total hardness (TH), ions and trace elements. Multivariate statistical analysis has shown that most predictive water-quality parameters set for human consumption are associated with natural events involving weathering and leaching processes. Nevertheless, parameters of nitrate, phosphate, EC, TDS and pH are also influenced by anthropic conditions in the surroundings, mainly phosphate and nitrate ions. Therefore, it can be concluded that shallow groundwaters in Flores neighborhood are unsuitable for human consumption, making it necessary for municipal public authorities to take action to solve the problem of water shortage in the borough, thus preventing the population from use those shallow groundwaters, as their consumption can bring health problems. However impurities tables Benevides region Pará Brazil physicalchemical physical chemical pH, , (pH) EC (EC) TDS, (TDS) color turbidity TH, TH (TH) elements waterquality processes Nevertheless surroundings Therefore borough problems (pH (EC (TDS (TH