RESUMEN El objetivo general del estudio es determinar la percepción de los estudiantes de una universidad privada en Asunción frente a las medidas de seguridad implementadas en un caso específico de amenaza de tiroteo en el año 2023. El enfoque del estudio es cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental de corte transversal y alcance descriptivo. La población considerada para el estudio estuvo conformada por 8089 estudiantes, determinándose una muestra de 385 personas. La tasa de respuesta fue de 99,7% (384). Los criterios de inclusión considerados fueron estar activo e inscripto en la modalidad presencial, tomar clases presenciales en la sede central y estar de acuerdo en completar la encuesta. Se utilizó la encuesta como recolección de datos mediante un cuestionario diseñado con Google Forms de 12 preguntas. Los resultados más relevantes fueron: 41,9% se encuentra muy de acuerdo que sus pertenencias sean revisadas al ingreso a la institución y 39,3% muy conforme con los mecanismos de seguridad implementados por la universidad. Otras opiniones sobre las medidas de seguridad para prevenir y responder a una amenaza de tiroteo son: uso de detectores de metales manuales, mayor presencia de guardias de seguridad, proponer a la administración el abordaje de la salud mental en la malla curricular, habilitar botón de pánico, simulacros de emergencia y rayos-X para los bolsos y mochilas. Se concluye que el estudiantado se encuentra satisfecho ante las dos dimensiones analizadas: seguridad institucional ante el peligro e identificación, satisfacción y sensación de seguridad por parte del estudiante.

ABSTRACT The general objective of the study is to determine the perception of students at a private university in Asunción regarding the security measures implemented in a specific case of a shooting threat, 2023. The approach of the study is quantitative, with a cross-sectional, non-experimental design. and descriptive scope. The population considered for the study was made up of 8089 students, determining a sample of 385 people. The response rate was 99.7% (384). The inclusion criteria considered were being active and enrolled in the in-person modality, taking in-person classes at the headquarters, and agreeing to complete the survey. The survey was used as data collection through a 12-question questionnaire designed with Google Forms. The most relevant results were: 41.9% strongly agree that their belongings are searched upon entry to the institution and 39.3% strongly agree with the security mechanisms implemented by the university. Other opinions on security measures to prevent and respond to a shooting threat are: use of manual metal detectors, increased presence of security guards, proposing to the administration to address mental health in the curriculum, enabling a stop button panic, emergency drills and X-rays for bags and backpacks. It is concluded that the student body is satisfied with the two dimensions analyzed: institutional security in the face of danger and identification, satisfaction and feeling of security on the part of the student.

INTRODUCTION: Participation in meaningful activities is compromised in mental health care users living with major depressive disorder. In acute mental health settings, occupational therapy groups are the main treatment modality used to address occupational dysfunction or activity participation in these mental health care users. However, the evidence for the therapeutic impact of occupational therapy groups on activity participation is limited This study aimed to determine change in the activity participation of mental healthcare users with major depression attending occupational therapy groups based on the Occupational Therapy Interactive Group Model during their admission to an acute private mental health setting. METHOD: A quasi-experimental, longitudinal, pre-post group study design was employed to collect data from a sample of 70 participants diagnosed with major depressive disorder. The Activity Participation Outcome Measure (APOM) was used to measure change in activity participation in this study RESULTS: A significant improvement in activity participation was evident from admission to discharge across all the domains of the APOM. Correlations between the independent variables and improvement in APOM scores indicated stronger correlations for the number of groups attended by participants than their length of stay. Additionally, closed groups yielded a stronger correlation with improvement in APOM scores in comparison to open groups DISCUSSION: Occupational therapy groups play an integral role in the road to healing for mental health care users diagnosed with major depression admitted to acute private mental health settings IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: • Incorporating the Occupational Therapy Interactive Groupwork Model (OTIGM) in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder, especially with closed groups, enables members to experience a sense of security and continuity, which can enhance therapeutic outcomes. • Integrating tools such as the APOM in clinical settings to measure the efficacy of interventions and identify areas needing further attention, will build evidence-based practice. • Incorporating stress management techniques, such as mindfulness, relaxation therapy, Tension Release Exercises (TRE) and sensory activities, into the therapeutic regimen can be highly beneficial in the treatment of the acute symptoms of major depressive disorder.

Resumen El uso de armas de fuego provenientes de naciones extranjeras es determinante en la ampliación y aumento de resultados mortales en la dinámica de seguridad latinoamericana. Este documento busca explorar los debates teóricos existentes respecto a este tema en el marco del derecho internacional público. Se propone como hipótesis que, aunque existen elementos de soft law en el derecho internacional público, la implementación de una respuesta jurídico-institucional estaría sostenida únicamente a través del derecho a la seguridad colectiva, el cual no ha sido completamente definido en el derecho internacional. El texto propone que el deber de garantía de los Estados también se relaciona con las responsabilidades de las personas jurídicas de derecho privado en su deber de respetar la normativa, tanto nacional como internacional. Por lo tanto, cualquier esfuerzo futuro para controlar el flujo de armamento implica respuestas coordinadas e intraestatales para otorgar niveles de obligatoriedad al Derecho Internacional.

Abstract The use of firearms from foreign nations is a determining factor in the expansion and increase of lethal results in Latin American security dynamics. This paper seeks to explore the existing theoretical debates on this issue within the framework of public international law. It is proposed as a hypothesis that, although there are elements of soft law in public international law, the implementation of a legal-institutional response would be sustained only through the right to collective security, which has not been fully defined in international law. The text proposes that the duty of guarantee of states also relates to the responsibilities of private law legal persons in their duty to respect both national and international law. Therefore, any future effort to control the flow of armaments implies coordinated and intrastate responses to make international law binding.

Resumen Las prestaciones por invalidez son el tema más frecuente en el Poder Judicial de Brasil, y los altos costos de estas demandas amenazan el mantenimiento de estas prestaciones en el sistema público de pensiones, con la posibilidad de que el riesgo se transfiera a un seguro privado. Atender estas reclamaciones identificando las causas de presentación, además de reducir la litigiosidad, puede garantizarlas en el régimen general. El objetivo de este artículo es esbozar el panorama del asegurado, las causas de rechazos y enfermedades incapacitantes, los procesos relacionados con este tema, en particular el tiempo de tramitación, la importancia del dictamen pericial, la concordancia de la sentencia con el examen técnico y de este último con la decisión administrativa, el porcentaje de confirmación de la solicitud administrativa. Para eso, se utilizó un método científico-inductivo, por intermedio de una técnica de investigación observacional a través de un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo sobre los procesos de la materia judicial de la prestación por enfermedad y jubilación por incapacidad entre 2015 y 2019 en ciudades que representan cinco regiones de los Tribunales Especiales Federales, elegidos entre tribunales del interior y de la capital, especializados o no. A partir de los resultados, se discutieron las situaciones que dieron origen a demandas de este orden, desde la perspectiva de las enfermedades y del proceso mismo, concluyendo que existen formas de contener la masificación de demandas por infortunios que afectan la capacidad de trabajo. Brasil pensiones privado presentación litigiosidad general asegurado incapacitantes tramitación pericial administrativa eso científicoinductivo, científicoinductivo científico inductivo, inductivo científico-inductivo descriptivo 201 Federales capital no resultados orden mismo trabajo 20 2

Abstract Disability benefits are a more frequent issue in the Federal Courts and the high costs of these lawsuits threaten its maintenance in the Social Security, with the possibility of the risk being transferred to private insurance. Addressing these demands by identifying the causes of filing, in addition to mitigating litigation, can ensure them in the general regime. The objective of the paper is, thus, to outline the insured, the causes of administrative refusals and the disabling diseases, the processes related, notably, the processing time, the importance of the expertise, the agreement of the sentence with the expertise and from this with the administrative decision, the percentage of confirmation of the administrative request. To this end, an inductive scientific method was used, through an observational investigation technique through a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study on the processes of the judicial subject sickness benefit and disability retirement between 2015 and 2019 in cities that represent the 5 regions of the Federal Special Courts, chosen from among interior and capital courts, specialized or not. From the results, the situations that rose demands of this order were discussed, under the prism of diseases and the process itself, concluding that there are ways to contain the massification of demands for misfortunes that affect working capacity. Security insurance filing litigation regime is thus insured related notably time decision request end used descriptive crosssectional cross sectional 201 courts not results discussed itself capacity 20 2

Resumo Benefícios por incapacidade representam o assunto mais frequente no Judiciário Federal, e os altos gastos desses processos ameaçam a manutenção dessas prestações na previdência pública, com possibilidade de o risco passar ao seguro privado. Debruçar-se sobre essas demandas mediante identificação das causas de ajuizamento, além de minorar a litigiosidade, pode assegurá-las no regime geral. O objetivo do presente artigo é traçar o panorama do segurado, das causas de indeferimentos e das doenças incapacitantes, dos processos atinentes a esse assunto, notadamente o tempo de tramitação, a importância da perícia, a concordância da sentença com o exame técnico e deste com a decisão administrativa, o percentual de confirmação do pedido administrativo. Para isso, foi utilizado método científico-indutivo, por meio de técnica de investigação observacional mediante estudo descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo sobre os processos do assunto judicial auxílio-doença e aposentadoria por invalidez entre 2015 e 2019 em cidades que representam cinco regiões dos Juizados Especiais Federais, escolhidas entre varas de interior e de capital, especializadas ou não. A partir dos resultados, foram discutidas as situações que ensejaram demandas dessa ordem, sob o prisma das doenças e do processo em si, concluindo que há meios de conter a massificação de demandas por infortúnios que afetam a capacidade laborativa. Federal pública privado Debruçarse Debruçar se ajuizamento litigiosidade assegurálas assegurá las geral segurado incapacitantes tramitação perícia administrativa administrativo isso científicoindutivo, científicoindutivo científico indutivo, indutivo científico-indutivo descritivo auxíliodoença auxílio doença 201 Federais capital não resultados ordem si laborativa 20 2

Through its environmental laws and policies, the state needs to ensure the ecologically sustainable development and use of South Africa's natural resources, while promoting justifiable economic and social development. Thus, the view that property owners may not use their property in ways that prejudice the community and other peoples' interests in environmental resources must be considered. This corresponds with the acknowledged stance that property, in its widest sense, has a "public or civic or proprietary" aspect to it that transcends individual economic interests, and that private property ownership should be inherently limited for the benefit of society at large. Property is, therefore, intimately bound up with the socio-economic security and well-being of all South African citizens. Since a developmental state actively guides economic development and the use of the country's resources to meet the needs of the people, the developmental role of the state should serve the public interest. In South Africa, though, the public function of property is frequently usurped by the government's developmental-state ambitions and influenced by political and economic considerations that affect the socio-economic fabric of the country. The South African government, as public trustee of the nation's natural resources, must regulate access to and use of natural resources by exercising its stewardship ethic. However, this is not always the case when it comes to critical resources like water and land - a situation that perpetuates the historically imbalanced distribution of wealth in South Africa.

ABSTRACT Recent research indicates that public and private organizations worldwide face cybersecurity breaches due to a need for more cybersecurity awareness among their employees. This study assesses the cybersecurity culture in different organizations across various sectors in Leon City, Mexico. For this purpose, an evaluation process was implemented, which involved anonymous online surveys among employees from multiple sectors, including service companies, wholesale trade businesses, manufacturing industries, construction companies, and retail trade establishments. The study took place in 2022 and achieved a response rate of 73.33% from employees across the participating organizations. The findings underscore the necessity of fostering a robust cybersecurity culture within Leon City organizations, which entails implementing ongoing security awareness training programs to empower employees with the knowledge and skills to mitigate cyber risks effectively. Analyzing the results reveals valuable insights regarding the countermeasures implemented by organizations in Leon City to strengthen their cybersecurity defenses and minimize the risk surface. These insights enhance cybersecurity strategies and fortify the overall security posture of organizations operating in Leon City.

RESUMEN Investigaciones recientes indican que organizaciones públicas y privadas en todo el mundo enfrentan brechas de ciberseguridad debido a la falta de conciencia de ciberseguridad entre sus empleados. Este estudio evalúa la cultura de ciberseguridad en diversas organizaciones de varios sectores en la ciudad de León, México. Con este propósito, se implementó un proceso de evaluación que incluyó encuestas en línea anónimas entre empleados de múltiples sectores, como empresas de servicios, negocios mayoristas, industrias manufactureras, empresas de construcción y establecimientos de comercio minorista. El estudio se llevó a cabo en 2022 y logró una tasa de respuesta del 73,33% de empleados de las organizaciones participantes. Los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de fomentar una sólida cultura de ciberseguridad dentro de las organizaciones en la ciudad de León, lo cual implica implementar programas continuos de capacitación en conciencia de seguridad para dotar a los empleados de los conocimientos y habilidades necesarios para mitigar de manera efectiva los riesgos cibernéticos. Al analizar los resultados, surgen percepciones valiosas sobre las contramedidas implementadas por las organizaciones en León para fortalecer sus defensas de ciberseguridad y minimizar la superficie de riesgo. Estas percepciones mejoran las estrategias de ciberseguridad y fortalecen la postura de seguridad general de las organizaciones que operan en la ciudad de León.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To analyze the budget impact of upadacitinib (UPA) 15 mg + methotrexate (MTX) for the treatment of moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with an inadequate response to conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARD-IR) from the perspective of social security and the private health sector in Argentina. Materials and methods. A budget impact analysis model was developed for a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 adults with health insurance coverage who were diagnosed with RA over a 5-year time horizon. The model parameters were obtained through literature review and validated by local experts. The costs are expressed in 2024 US dollars (USD). Results. The introduction of UPA 15 mg + MTX for the treatment of moderate-to-severe RA and cDMARD-IR resulted in minimal increase, with a five-year total cumulative incremental cost of USD 1,855 for social security and USD 1,812 for the private health sector, representing 2% of the total budget. The acquisition cost of UPA was the most influential variable in the sensitivity analysis. Conclusions. The introduction of UPA 15 mg + MTX for the treatment of moderate-to-severe RA and cDMARD-IR can provide an effective treatment option with a minimal increase in costs for the healthcare system in Argentina, which is especially important in developing countries where health system budgets are more limited. Providing evidence-based estimates is a valuable tool for informing healthcare policies and can help policymakers make informed decisions about the allocation of healthcare resources to improve patient outcomes while also managing costs.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Analizar el impacto presupuestario de upadacitinib (UPA) 15 mg + metotrexato (MTX) para el tratamiento de la artritis reumatoide (AR) moderada a grave en pacientes con respuesta inadecuada a los fármacos antirreumáticos modificadores de la enfermedad convencionales (RI-DMARc) desde la perspectiva de la seguridad social y los sectores de salud privados en Argentina. Materiales y métodos. Se desarrolló un modelo de análisis de impacto presupuestario para una cohorte hipotética de 100,000 adultos con cobertura de seguro de salud que fueron diagnosticados con AR en un horizonte de tiempo de 5 años. Los parámetros del modelo se obtuvieron a través de una revisión de la literatura y se validaron con expertos locales. Los costos se expresan en dólares estadounidenses (USD) para el 2024. Resultados. La introducción de UPA 15 mg + MTX para el tratamiento de AR moderada a grave y RI-DMARc resultó en un costo incremental mínimo, con un costo acumulado total a cinco años de USD 1.855 para la seguridad social y USD 1.812 para el sector privado de salud, lo que representa aproximadamente el 2% del presupuesto total. El costo de adquisición de UPA fue la variable más influyente en el análisis de sensibilidad. Conclusiones. La introducción de UPA 15 mg + MTX para el tratamiento de AR genera un incremento de costos marginal para el sistema de salud en Argentina, lo cual es especialmente importante en contextos de presupuestos limitados. Proporcionar estimaciones basadas en la evidencia es una herramienta valiosa para ayudar a tomar decisiones informadas sobre la asignación eficiente de recursos en salud.

BACKGROUND: Family medicine has trained specialist family physicians in South Africa since 2008, but not investigated their career pathways. The study aimed to determine the career pathways of newly qualified family physicians between 2008 and 2022 METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive survey of all 186 family physicians via an electronic questionnaire RESULTS: Response rate was 44.6% (83/186). Overall, 9.6% emigrated, 10.8% were no longer practising, and 79.5% were still practising in South Africa. Of the latter, 14.5% were in the private sector, 55.4% in the public sector and 9.6% in both. Of those in the public sector, 33.7% were in specialist family physician posts, 12% in medical officer posts, 4.8% in managerial positions and 4.8% in academic positions. Issues relating to safety and security were important to those working in both sectors and relationships with colleagues in the clinical team, to those in the public sector. Overall, participants practised near or within their province of training and were not equitably distributed CONCLUSION: Only a third of graduates were in specialist family physician posts in the public sector. Attention needs to be given to retaining more graduates in such posts to achieve the goals of the national position paper. The proportion in the private sector was lower than expected. The reasons for no longer practising medicine should be further explored CONTRIBUTION: This is the first study on the career pathways of family physicians in South Africa since the new speciality was created. Understanding these pathways will assist with human resources for health planning

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) has experienced rapid development in area-specific applications, including smart transportation systems, healthcare, industries, and smart agriculture, to enhance socio-economic development over the past few years. This IoT system includes different actuators, interconnected sensors, and network-enabled devices that exchange various data through private networks and the Internet infrastructure. The intrusion detection system (IDS) is deployed with preventive security mechanisms, namely access control and authentication. The usual behaviors of the mechanism distinguish malicious and normal activities based on specific patterns or rules of IDSs. Therefore, this article focuses on developing IDS using Double Adaptive Weighting Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning (DAWAOA-DL) approach in the IoT environment. The DAWAOA-DL methodology's objective is to recognise and classify intrusions in the IoT platform accurately. To execute this, the presented DAWAOA-DL approach involves the design of the DAWAOA technique for the feature selection procedure. Next, the convolutional neural network-gated recurrent unit (CNN-GRU) technique is used for the intrusion detection task. Finally, the Adam optimizer is exploited as a hyperparameter optimizer of the CNN-GRU methodology. A series of simulations were performed on the BoT-IoT dataset to exhibit the effectual detection performance of the DAWAOA-DL method. A widespread experimental validation demonstrated the betterment of the DAWAOA-DL method over other recent models under several metrics. (IoT areaspecific area applications systems healthcare industries agriculture socioeconomic socio economic years actuators sensors networkenabled network enabled infrastructure (IDS mechanisms authentication IDSs Therefore DAWAOADL DL (DAWAOA-DL environment methodologys methodology s accurately procedure Next networkgated gated CNNGRU CNN GRU (CNN-GRU task Finally BoTIoT BoT metrics

Objetivo: investigar los factores asociados a la infección por SARSCoV-2 en los profesionales de la salud de hospitales universitarios. Método: estudio multicéntrico, con abordaje mixto con estrategia incorporada concomitante, realizado con 559 profesionales en la etapa cuantitativa, y 599 en la etapa cualitativa. Fueron utilizados cuatro instrumentos de recolección de datos, aplicados a través un formulario electrónico. El análisis cuantitativo se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial y los datos cualitativos mediante análisis de contenido Resultados: los factores asociados a la infección fueron: realización de la prueba “RT-PCR” (p<0,001) y unidades que atienden a pacientes con COVID-19 (p=0,028). Tener síntomas aumentó la prevalencia de infección 5,63 veces y cumplir la mayor parte del tiempo con el distanciamiento social en la vida privada la redujo un 53,9%. Los datos cualitativos mostraron las dificultades que enfrentaron los profesionales: escasez y baja calidad de equipos de protección personal, sobrecarga de trabajo, distanciamiento físico en el trabajo, procesos y rutinas inadecuados y la ausencia de una política de triage y testeo masivos. Conclusión: los factores asociados a la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en los profesionales de la salud se relacionaron mayormente con cuestiones laborales. Objetivo SARSCoV2 SARSCoV 2 SARSCoV- universitarios Método multicéntrico concomitante 55 cuantitativa 59 cualitativa electrónico Resultados fueron RTPCR RT PCR “RT-PCR p<0,001 p0001 p 0 001 (p<0,001 COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 p=0,028. p0028 p=0,028 . 028 (p=0,028) 563 5 63 5,6 539 53 9 53,9% personal trabajo masivos Conclusión SARS CoV SARS-CoV- laborales p<0,00 p000 00 (p<0,00 COVID1 1 COVID- p002 p=0,02 02 (p=0,028 56 6 5, 53,9 SARS-CoV p<0,0 p00 (p<0,0 p=0,0 (p=0,02 53, p<0, p0 (p<0, p=0, (p=0,0 p<0 (p<0 p=0 (p=0, p< (p< p= (p=0 (p (p=

Objective: to investigate factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals from university hospitals. Method: a multicenter, mixed approach study with concomitant incorporated strategy, carried out with 559 professionals in the quantitative stage, and 599 in the qualitative stage. Four data collection instruments were used, applied by means of an electronic form. The quantitative analysis was performed with descriptive and inferential statistics and the qualitative data were processed by means of content analysis. Results: the factors associated with the infection were as follows: performance of the RT-PCR test (p<0.001) and units offering care to COVID-19 patients (p=0.028). Having symptoms increased 5.63 times the prevalence of infection and adhering to social distancing most of the time in private life reduced it by 53.9%. The qualitative data evidenced difficulties faced by the professionals: scarcity and low quality of Personal Protective Equipment, work overload, physical distancing at work, inadequate processes and routines and lack of a mass screening and testing policy. Conclusion: the factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection among health professionals were mostly related to occupational issues. Objective SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- hospitals Method multicenter strategy 55 stage 59 used form Results follows RTPCR RT PCR p<0.001 p0001 p 0 001 (p<0.001 COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 p=0.028. p0028 p=0.028 . 028 (p=0.028) 563 5 63 5.6 539 53 9 53.9% Equipment overload policy Conclusion issues SARS-CoV p<0.00 p000 00 (p<0.00 COVID1 1 COVID- p002 p=0.02 02 (p=0.028 56 6 5. 53.9 p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 p=0.0 (p=0.02 53. p<0. p0 (p<0. p=0. (p=0.0 p<0 (p<0 p=0 (p=0. p< (p< p= (p=0 (p (p=

Objetivo: investigar fatores associados à infecção por SARS-CoV-2 entre profissionais da saúde de hospitais universitários. Método: estudo multicêntrico, de abordagem mista com estratégia incorporada concomitante, realizado com 559 profissionais na etapa quantitativa, e 599 na etapa qualitativa. Foram utilizados quatro instrumentos de coleta de dados, aplicados via formulário eletrônico. A análise quantitativa foi realizada com estatística descritiva e inferencial e os dados qualitativos por meio de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: os fatores associados à infeção foram: realização de teste “RT-PCR” (p<0,001) e unidades com atendimento a pacientes com COVID-19 (p=0,028). Ter sintomas aumentou em 5,63 vezes a prevalência de infeção e aderir ao distanciamento social na maior parte do tempo na vida particular reduziu em 53,9%. Dados qualitativos evidenciaram dificuldades enfrentadas pelos profissionais: escassez e baixa qualidade de equipamentos de proteção individual, sobrecarga de trabalho, distanciamento físico no trabalho, processos e rotinas inadequadas e ausência de uma política de triagem e testagem em massa. Conclusão: os fatores associados à infecção por SARS-CoV-2 entre profissionais da saúde foram em sua maioria relacionados a questões ocupacionais. Objetivo SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- universitários Método multicêntrico concomitante 55 59 qualitativa eletrônico conteúdo Resultados RTPCR RT PCR “RT-PCR p<0,001 p0001 p 0 001 (p<0,001 COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 p=0,028. p0028 p=0,028 . 028 (p=0,028) 563 5 63 5,6 539 53 9 53,9% individual trabalho massa Conclusão ocupacionais SARS-CoV p<0,00 p000 00 (p<0,00 COVID1 1 COVID- p002 p=0,02 02 (p=0,028 56 6 5, 53,9 p<0,0 p00 (p<0,0 p=0,0 (p=0,02 53, p<0, p0 (p<0, p=0, (p=0,0 p<0 (p<0 p=0 (p=0, p< (p< p= (p=0 (p (p=

Resumen Introducción: El presente estudio muestra las percepciones que tienen los llamados «Guachimanes» acerca de sus condiciones laborales de informalidad en el campo de la seguridad en Costa Rica. A pesar del cargo tan importante que desempeñan estas personas y de la alta percepción de inseguridad en el país, poco se conoce acerca de quiénes se encargan de la seguridad de los espacios físicos y mucho menos de cuáles son sus condiciones laborales. Objetivo: El artículo explora las experiencias en las condiciones de trabajo informal en el campo de la seguridad privada del migrante nicaragüense, para poder así describir algunos temas claves desde sus propias vivencias de tal manera que se pueda evidenciar y reflexionar acerca del ambiente de trabajo además de carencias en sus derechos laborales. Método y técnica: Este estudio es de carácter exploratorio y de naturaleza cualitativa. Los datos fueron compilados a través de un instrumento metodológico de entrevistas semiestructuradas en distintos barrios de la Gran Área Metropolitana (GAM), elegidos mediante un rastreo en el campo, se buscaba directamente barrios de clase media alta en los que estuvieran presentes las casetillas las cuales vienen a ser el lugar de trabajo de las personas encargadas de la seguridad de los espacios físicos. Resultados: Se hallaron diferentes percepciones sobre sus condiciones de trabajo, las cuales, en pocos casos, se consideran apegadas a los derechos de las personas trabajadoras. Dichas condiciones son aceptadas a pesar de no ser las óptimas para las personas migrantes debido a su condición irregular en el país, aunque sean consideradas «malas o regulares». Conclusiones: Finalmente, se llega a la conclusión de que el inmigrante nicaragüense, debido a su condición irregular en el país, se ve forzado a renunciar a sus derechos, en muchas ocasiones, por temor a la no subsistencia. Es por esta razón que, hay urgencia de medidas contra la informalidad en el sector de la seguridad privada.

Abstract Introduction: This study shows the perceptions that the so-called «Guachimanes» have about their informal working conditions on the issue of security in Costa Rica. Despite the important role that these people play and the wide perception of insecurity in the country, little is known in whose hands the safety of the neighborhood is, much less its working conditions. Objetive: Due to the above, this study explores the informal work conditions in private security from the perceptions of the Nicaraguan migrant, to describe from their own experiences, to demonstrate and reflect on the work environment and the dignity of their labor rights and as human beings. Method and technique: This is an exploratory study with qualitative nature, the data were compiled through a methodological instrument of semi-structured interviews in different neighborhoods of the Gran Área Metropolitana (GAM) chosen directly upper-middle-class neighborhoods, in which the cabins and boom gates were present. Results: Different perceptions were found about their work's conditions, which objectively in few cases are considered attached to the workers' rights. These conditions despite not being optimal for migrants due to their irregular status in the country, they accept them even if they are considered «bad or regular». Conclusions: Finally, the conclusion is reached that the Nicaraguan immigrant, due to his condition in the country, is forced to renounce his rights on many occasions for fear of non-subsistence in it. Therefore, measures are urgently required against informality in the private security sector.

Abstract Objective: Propose alternatives to strengthen national food security from the production of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Methodology: An analysis of tilapia production in Mexico from 1994 to 2020; the production of tilapia fingerlings from 1985 to 2021; the trade balance of imports and exports of tilapia from 2006 to 2020 is analyzed and the national per capita consumption of fishery products from 1970 to 2020 is analyzed. Results: The national aquaculture production of tilapia from 1994 to 2020 presented an upward trend, with an annual average of 86,135 t, whose production oscillated between 61,516 t in 2003 and 152,840 t in 2016. In 2020, 96,977 t were produced, of which 56.6 % came from controlled systems and 43.3 % from fisheries based in cultivation in reservoirs. Production of tilapia fingerlings from 1994 to 2020 was moderately related to aquaculture production in controlled systems (r=0.50459040, p < 0.05). Limitations: As of 2000, the federal government significantly reduced the operation of the aquaculture centers under its responsibility, dedicated to the production of tilapia fingerlings, while as of 2006 the private sector joined this productive activity. Conclusions: The Nile tilapia O. niloticus constitutes a key fishing resource to strengthen national food security.

Resumen Objetivo: Proponer alternativas para fortalecer la seguridad alimentaria nacional a partir de la producción de tilapia del Nilo Oreochromis niloticus, Metodología: Se analiza la producción de tilapia en México de 1994 a 2020; se analiza la balanza comercial de las importaciones y exportaciones de tilapia de 2006 a 2020 y se analiza el consumo nacional per cápita de productos pesqueros de 1970 a 2020. Resultados: La producción acuícola nacional de tilapia de 1994 a 2020 presentó una tendencia al alza, con un promedio anual de 86,135 t, cuya producción osciló entre 61,516 t en 2003 y 152,840 t en 2016. En 2020 se produjeron 96,977 t, de las cuales el 56.6 % provinieron de sistemas controlados y el 43.3 % de pesquerías basadas en el cultivo en embalses. La producción de alevines de tilapia de 1994 a 2020 se relacionó moderadamente con la producción acuícola en sistemas controlados (r=0.50459040, p < 0.05). Limitaciones: A partir de 2000 el gobierno federal disminuyó sensiblemente la operación de los centros acuícolas a su cargo, dedicados a la producción de alevines de tilapia, mientras que a partir de 2006 el sector privado se incorporó a esta actividad productiva. Conclusiones: La tilapia del Nilo O. niloticus constituye un recurso pesquero clave para fortalecer la seguridad alimentaria nacional por los atributos biológicos que favorecen su cultivo.

RESUMEN Introducción: La administración organizacional en salud busca garantizar una atención efectiva y una gestión eficiente; evalúa la atención y satisfacción que a su vez guardan una estrecha y compleja relación. Objetivo: Estimar la asociación entre la calidad de atención y la satisfacción del usuario externo, del servicio de laboratorio clínico. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional, de diseño observacional transversal. La población estudiada fueron usuarios atendidos en el servicio de laboratorio clínico de un hospital privado, en Lima, Perú, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario de elaboración propia sobre calidad de atención y otro de satisfacción del usuario adaptado del modelo SERVPERF. La información obtenida fue analizada con el software IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 y para la prueba de hipótesis se aplicó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: De los 220 usuarios encuestados, el 69,1 % calificó como alta la calidad brindada, en la cual la dimensión mejor calificada fue la calidad humana (71,8 %); asimismo, el 73,6 % de los usuarios afirmaron estar satisfechos y dentro de ello, las dimensiones con mayor satisfacción fueron la empatía (73,2 %) y la seguridad (73,1 %). Conclusiones: La calidad de atención y sus dimensiones que la conforman se asocian con la satisfacción de los usuarios.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The healthcare management seeks to guarantee effective care and efficient management, assesses care and satisfaction, which in turn have a close and complex relationship. Objective: To estimate the association between the quality of care and the satisfaction of the external user of the clinical laboratory service. Methods: Quantitative, correlational study, with a cross-sectional observational design. The population studied were users treated in the clinical laboratory service of a private hospital in Lima, Peru, to whom a self-developed questionnaire was applied on quality of care and another on user satisfaction adapted from the SERVPERF model. The information obtained was analyzed with the IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 software and Spearman's correlation coefficient was applied for the hypothesis test. Results: Of the 220 users surveyed, 69.1% rated the quality provided as high, in which the best rated dimension was human quality (71.8%); Likewise, 73.6% of the users stated that they were satisfied and within this, the dimensions with the greatest satisfaction were empathy (73.2%) and security (73.1%). Conclusions: The quality of care and its dimensions that make it up are associated with user satisfaction.

Resumen Este artículo examina la configuración y evolución del derecho a la seguridad social en Chile, en el contexto de los procesos constituyentes recientes. Se analiza el papel del Estado como garante y fiscalizador de las prestaciones básicas y uniformes de seguridad social, así como la participación de instituciones públicas y privadas en su implementación. Además, se discute la definición y alcance del derecho a la seguridad social, considerando fuentes internacionales y la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional Chileno. Finalmente, se plantean los desafíos constitucionales y legislativos en la consagración de este derecho fundamental, considerando aspectos jurídicos y políticos.

Abstract This article examines the configuration and evolution of Chile's right to social security within the context of the Political Constitution of the Republic and recent constitutional processes. The role of the State as guarantor and overseer of basic and uniform social security benefits is analyzed, as well as the participation of public and private institutions in their implementation. Furthermore, the definition and scope of the right to social security are discussed, taking into account international sources and the jurisprudence of the Chilean Constitutional Court. Finally, the constitutional and legislative challenges in establishing and regulating this fundamental right are presented, considering legal and political aspects.

Resumen Los riesgos psicosociales en el ámbito laboral pueden afectar negativamente la salud mental y física de los trabajadores, lo que puede derivar en problemas de estrés, ansiedad, depresión, insomnio y otros trastornos psicológicos, y generar una disminución del engagement laboral, es decir, del compromiso y motivación que tienen los empleados con su trabajo. Ante lo expuesto, el objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación que existe entre el engagement laboral y los riesgos psicosociales en guardias de seguridad de una empresa privada durante el año 2021, mediante la aplicación de una encuesta, que permita la identificación de oportunidades de mejora de la organización del trabajo. El estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, de nivel descriptivo y correlacional, de corte transversal, con una muestra de 164 participantes. Los resultados mostraron que la dimensión de riesgo psicosocial mayor puntuada en riesgo alto fue apoyo social en la empresa y calidad de liderazgo. En conclusión, se ha demostrado de manera estadísticamente significativa que el engagement laboral se relaciona con las dimensiones psicosociales, incluyendo las exigencias psicológicas y el desarrollo de habilidades en el trabajo.

Abstract Psychosocial risks in the workplace can negatively affect the mental and physical health of workers, which can lead to problems of stress, anxiety, depression, insomnia and other psychological disorders, which could lead to a decrease in work engagement, of the commitment and motivation that employees have with their work. Given the above, the objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between work engagement and psychosocial risks in security guards of a private company during the year 2021, through the application of a survey, which allows the identification of opportunities for improvement. of the organization of work. The study had a quantitative approach, descriptive and correlational, cross-sectional, with a sample of 164 participants. The results showed that the highest psychosocial risk dimension scored at high risk was social support in the company and leadership quality. In conclusion, it has been shown in a statistically significant way that work engagement is related to psychosocial dimensions, including psychological demands and the development of skills at work.