Verlorenvlei is a globally important RAMSAR wetland on the arid west coast of South Africa. A prolonged drought between 2016 and 2021 and increasing competition for water from the agricultural sector resulted in extremely low water levels. We used historical aerial and satellite imagery from 1942 and rainfall and water level data for the past 50 years, to assess habitat changes within the estuarine functional zone of the Verlorenvlei Estuarine Lake. Prior to the drought, lake water levels and water surface area remained stable (1113 ± 27 ha (SE)). Since then, there has been a 64% decrease in open water area, exposing 193 ha of sandbanks, of which 190.9 ha were hyper-sulfidic pyrite-rich. The water in the lower lake was hypersaline (>100), and in the middle, it was acidic (pH<3). The low water level plus sediment and nutrient input from surrounding agriculture resulted in a localised increase in reeds. Additional pressures, such as fires, have reduced the above-ground biomass of reeds and sedges, potentially altering surface morphology and reducing stored carbon. Despite flooding and filling up in June 2023, the lake remained in an acidic state (3.9-4.3). Similar low-lake level, hypersaline and acidic conditions are predicted to become more common under future climate change scenarios where aridity and extreme weather events are anticipated. Inflow of fresh water into the estuary and control of farming practices are required to keep the Verlorenvlei in a functional state, with long-term monitoring necessary to assess the ecological condition in response to restoration actions. SIGNIFICANCE: We assessed the habitat changes in Verlorenvlei, an estuarine lake on the arid west coast of South Africa. Estuarine lakes are scarce, and an extended drought greatly reduced the water surface area, exposing hyper-sulfidic pyrite-rich soils, leading to lake acidification and a negative response from biota. Competition for water from agribusiness and the burning of reeds are added pressures. Subsequent heavy rains have been slow to buffer lake acidity, and the impacts thereof serve as a warning for the management of similar ecosystems and their ecological water requirements, especially under climate change where extreme weather conditions, increased aridity and competition for water are realities.

Abstract Sorghum halepense (Johnsongrass) is a weed that tends to spatially distribute in an aggregated manner in maize crops. In a two-year study conducted at La Poveda (CSIC, Madrid), the effectiveness of Precision Agriculture (PA) in controlling this weed was investigated by: 1) monitoring the spatio-temporal dynamics of Johnsongrass patches in a maize field using UAV aerial image processing; 2) site-specific application of the herbicide nicosulfuron according to the early-stage map generated from aerial imagery; and 3) quantification of crop yield in Johnsongrass treated and untreated areas, as well as weed-free. The analysis of the map prior to herbicide treatment in 2022 revealed a random distribution of Johnsongrass, with patches averaging 0.4 m² in size, ranging from 0.01 m² to 5 m². Site-specifically treated plots showed spatial growth control, evidenced in the subsequent season (2023) with an average patch size of 1.0 m2, ranging from 0.02 m² to 12 m². In contrast, untreated patches significantly increased in size (average 3.8 m2; ranging between 0.01 m² and 122 m²). There was a notable decrease in yield in untreated infested areas compared to treated and/or Johnsongrass-free areas. These findings underscore the advantages of PA in Johnsongrass control, demonstrating how detection and site-specific patch management can reduce herbicide use by up to 95% and mitigate competition with the maize crop.

Resumen Sorghum halepense (cañota) es una mala hierba que tiende a distribuirse espacialmente de forma agregada en los cultivos de maíz. En un estudio de dos años realizado en La Poveda (CSIC, Madrid), se investigó la eficacia de la Agricultura de Precisión (AP) en su control, mediante: 1) el seguimiento de la dinámica espacio-temporal de los rodales de cañota en un campo de maíz con el procesamiento de imágenes aéreas UAV; 2) la aplicación localizada del herbicida nicosulfuron según el mapa generado en etapa temprana con imágenes aéreas; y 3) la cuantificación del rendimiento del cultivo en áreas tratadas y no tratadas con cañota, así como libres de mala hierba. El análisis del mapa previo al tratamiento herbicida en 2022 reveló una distribución aleatoria de cañota, con rodales de tamaño medio de 0,4 m2, variando entre 0,01 m² y 5 m². Las parcelas tratadas con herbicida localizado mostraron un control del crecimiento espacial, evidenciado en la campaña siguiente (2023) con un tamaño promedio de 1,0 m2, oscilando entre 0,02 m² y 12 m². En contraste, los rodales no tratados aumentaron significativamente su tamaño (media 3,8 m2; rango entre 0,01 m² y 122 m²). El rendimiento disminuyó notablemente en zonas infestadas sin tratamiento respecto a las zonas tratadas y/o libres de cañota. Estos resultados subrayan las ventajas de la AP en el control de la cañota, demostrando cómo la detección y manejo localizado de rodales podrían reducir hasta un 95% el uso de herbicidas y mitigar la competencia con el cultivo de maíz.

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar el impacto de una intervención educativa sobre la frecuencia de prescripciones médicas adecuadas de tromboprofilaxis en un servicio de medicina de un hospital general. Material y métodos Estudio quasi experimental, en el cual en la fase pre-intervención se obtuvieron las frecuencias de indicación de tromboprofilaxis adecuada por parte de los médicos del servicio de medicina. Se realizó una intervención educativa de 8 semanas a este mismo grupo de médicos. En la fase post intervención se midió la frecuencia de la tromboprofilaxis adecuada a los 2 y 4 meses después de la intervención. Resultados La intervención educativa se implementó en 112 médicos residentes de las especialidades de medicina. La totalidad de prescripciones fueron hechas por los médicos residentes de primer año y refrendadas por su médico supervisor. Previamente a la intervención se obtuvieron 47 (44,35%) prescripciones adecuadas, 13 (12,26%) subóptimas, 4 (3,77%) inadecuadas y 42 (39, 62%) ausencia de prescripción. Luego de la intervención se obtuvieron a los 2 meses subsiguientes: 78 (75,72%) prescripciones adecuadas, 7 (6,79%) subóptimas, 4 (2,91%) inadecuadas y 15 (14,58%) ausencias de prescripción, habiendo diferencia significativa con el nivel basal. A los 4 meses subsiguientes postintervención se obtuvieron: 86 (83,49%) adecuada, 5(4,85%) subóptima, 2 (1,94%) inadecuada y 10 (9,72%) ausencia de prescripción, habiendo diferencia significativa con el nivel basal. No hubo aumento en la frecuencia de sobre uso. Conclusiones La aplicación de una estrategia educativa al personal médico fue efectiva en el incremento de las prescripciones de tromboprofilaxis correctamente indicadas en un servicio de medicina. No se encontró sobreuso de la tromboprofilaxis luego de la intervención.

SUMMARY Objective To determine whether an educational intervention strategy would improve the frequency of medical prescriptions for adequate thromboprophylaxis in a medicine service. Methods Quasi-experimental study, in which in the pre-intervention phase the frequencies of indication of appropriate thromboprophylaxis by physicians from the medicine service were obtained. An 8-week educational intervention was carried out with this same group of doctors. In the post-intervention phase, the frequency of adequate thromboprophylaxis was measured at 2 and 4 months after the intervention. Results The educational intervention was implemented in 112 resident physicians in medicine specialties. All prescriptions were made by the first-year resident physicians and endorsed by their supervising physician. Prior to the intervention, 47 (44.35%) adequate prescriptions were obtained, 13 (12.26%) suboptimal, 4 (3.77%) inadequate, and 42 (39, 62%) no prescription. After the intervention, the following 2 months were obtained: 78 (75.72%) adequate prescriptions, 7 (6.79%) suboptimal, 4 (2.91%) inadequate and 15 (14.58%) no prescriptions, there being a significant difference with the baseline level. At the subsequent 4 months post-intervention, the following were obtained: 86 (83.49%) adequate, 5 (4.85%) suboptimal, 2 (1.94%) inadequate and 10 (9.72%) no prescription, with a difference significant with the baseline level. There was no increase in the frequency of overuse. Conclusions The application of an educational strategy to medical personnel was effective in increasing correctly indicated thromboprophylaxis prescriptions in a medical service. No overuse of thromboprophylaxis was found after the intervention.

BACKGROUND: Rhinoceros are currently one of the most threatened mammal species globally. Slow population growth, increased poaching and habitat destruction have led to increased conservation efforts for each species. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have been implemented in an attempt to aid reproductive outputs for the conservation of these endangered species. Developing species-specific ART programmes for wildlife have been challenging. Temperature control during oocyte recovery is essential for ensuring in vitro success OBJECTIVE: This study is the first to investigate the effect of enema warming prior to trans-rectal ovum pick-up (OPU) on in vitro oocyte maturation in Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). METHODS: OPUs were performed on 20 rhinoceros cows from three different game farms in South Africa; oocytes were transported to one of two in vitro fertilisation laboratories for culture. The enema fluid was either warmed to 32 °C or not warmed prior to the OPU. Location of the farm, the different laboratories, ambient temperature, season, aspiration probe temperature, media type and enema temperature were investigated as predictor variables for oocyte maturation success RESULTS: After considering all other potential covariates, warming of the enema fluid was the only independent predictor of in vitro oocyte maturation success during this study CONCLUSION: Oocytes retrieved from rhinoceros cows that received an enema warmed to 32 °C were 2.3 times more likely to mature in vitro compared to oocytes from cows that received an unwarmed enema; the findings can be implemented in other rhinoceros ART programmes and in conservation efforts of other endangered mammalian species

Abstract Background: The course of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) can be influenced by infections, depression, and stress. Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the course of refractory CSU together with patient adherence to omalizumab and treatment adjustments. Methods: Urticaria Activity Score (UAS7) was used to assess disease activity. Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FC-19s), and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21s) were performed to assess mental health status. All scales were performed during the Quarantine Period (QP) and Return to the Normal Period (RTNP). UAS7 Before Pandemic (BP) was recorded from the patients medical records. Results: The authors evaluated 104 omalizumab-receiving CSU patients. UAS7 scores during QP were significantly higher than those in RTNP and BP (p < 0.01). DASS-21 and FC-19 scores were significantly higher during QP compared to RTNP (p < 0.01). Nineteen (18.2%) patients ceased omalizumab, 9 patients prolonged the intervals between subsequent doses during the pandemic. UAS7 scores in QP were significantly higher in patients who ceased omalizumab than in those who continued (p < 0.001). Among patients who continued omalizumab, 22.4% had an increase in urticaria activity and higher FC-19 scores in comparison with those with stable disease activity (p = 0.008). Study limitations: The small sample size of patients with prolonged intervals of omalizumab and the lack of mental health evaluation with the same tools prior to the study. Conclusions: Fear induced by COVID-19 can determine an increase in disease activity. Therefore, patients on omalizumab should continue their treatment and prolonged interval without omalizumab can be considered in patients with good urticaria control. Background (CSU infections depression stress Objectives COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 adjustments Methods UAS (UAS7 FC19s, FC19s FCs FC 19s , s (FC-19s) DASS21s DASSs DASS 21s (DASS-21s status (QP RTNP. . (RTNP) (BP records Results 10 omalizumabreceiving receiving p 0.01. 001 0.01 0 01 0.01) DASS21 21 DASS-2 FC19 FC-1 18.2% 182 18 2 (18.2% 0.001. 0001 0.001 0.001) 224 22 4 22.4 0.008. 0008 0.008 008 0.008) limitations study Conclusions Therefore control COVID1 1 COVID- (UAS (FC-19s (RTNP 00 0.0 DASS2 DASS- FC1 FC- 18.2 (18.2 000 0.00 22. 0. 18. (18. (18 (1 (

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate our experience with the use of Magseed, the magnetic metallic marker, as a localization technique followed by Sentimag probe detection in patients with solitary intra-abdominal local metastases with subsequent resection of the lesions. METHODS: Five patients underwent resection after the lesion was marked with the Magseed magnetic marker. Prior to the surgery, a computed tomography scan of the chest and abdomen and/or positron emission tomography was performed to rule out the dissemination of the disease. The indication for surgery was evaluated in a meeting of a multidisciplinary team, and the placement of the magnetic marker under computed tomography control had been performed the day before the planned procedure. RESULTS: The present preliminary outcomes have revealed that Magseed might be a promising technique that is feasible and safe, particularly when the postsurgical anatomic conditions in the abdominal cavity are altered and the lesions are not visible or palpable. Surgical extirpation of lesions occurred without complications in each case. In all the cases, the resection was complete and curative, and one wound infection in all (20%), without any major complications, had occurred. The mean hospital stay was 6.6 days. CONCLUSION: Magseed utilization, as a localization technique, followed by Sentimag probe detection in intra-abdominal tumors has not been reported before. Improving the visualization and, consequently, the precise marking of the lesion with subsequent radical removal can prevent insufficient or excessive removal of healthy tissue, leading to a faster diagnosis and better overall clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE intraabdominal intra METHODS andor disease team procedure RESULTS safe palpable case cases curative 20%, 20 20% , (20%) 66 6 6. days CONCLUSION utilization consequently tissue 2 (20% (20 (2 (

ABSTRACT Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) opportunistic infections occur in immunocompromised patients impacting significantly hospitalizations and mortality. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is universally used as prophylaxis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) and therefore, this infection is rare condition in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We present a case of a 46-years-old male, who received an ABO-incompatible transplant with prior desensitization protocol with plasmapheresis, rituximab, and anti-CMV immunoglobulin. IgG anti-B title pre-desensitization was 1:128. The patient had 6 ABDR mismatches, without HLA antibodies, and the CDC crossmatch for T and B cells was negative. Both recipient and donor were CMV positive (D+/R+). The patient received induction immunosuppression with corticosteroids, basiliximab, calcineurin inhibitor, and mycophenolate mofetil. Immediate kidney function was verified, and three additional plasmapheresis sessions were performed. At discharge serum creatinine (sCr) was 1.38 mg/dL, but kidney function declined during the first 6 months (sCr 2.5 mg/dL). Urinalysis was unremarkable. A kidney biopsy was declined by the patient. Unit protocol maintained the prophylaxis for PJP and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection with TMP-SMX and valganciclovir. The patient was admitted to the emergency department 20 months after the transplant with respiratory symptoms and was diagnosed with PJP. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was also positive for CMV. Intensive care unit (ICU) admission was necessary due to clinical deterioration, with subsequent good evolution without mechanical ventilation. At discharge, prophylaxis with TMP-SMX and valganciclovir was maintained for more than six months. Here we discuss the late onset of PJP, and the main risk factors related to severe infection. Transplant subgroups in which longer PJP prophylaxis could be beneficial and the indication to re-start PJP prophylaxis is still under discussion.

RESUMO Neste trabalho propomos e analisamos medidas de relaxamento do distanciamento social, e seus impactos no sentido epidemiológico, a partir das simulações de um modelo matemático compartimental do tipo SEIRD (Suscetível-Exposto-Infectado-Recuperado-Morto) generalizado, que implicitamente leva em conta medidas de quarentena, considerando a estimativa da dinâmica de espalhamento da doença do coronavírus (COVID-19) sob perturbações/incertezas. O objetivo principal é avaliar os efeitos nas projeções da epidemia da COVID-19 no Brasil e, em particular, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Diferentes estratégias de relaxamento das medidas de distanciamento social são investigadas para determinar quais delas são viáveis e menos perigosas para a população. Os resultados destacam a necessidade de manter políticas de distanciamento social para controlar a propagação da doença. Especificamente, o cenário de relaxamento abrupto do distanciamento social, implementado após a ocorrência do pico de casos diagnosticados positivamente, pode prolongar a epidemia, com um aumento significativo do número previsto de casos confirmados e de mortes. Um cenário ainda pior pode ocorrer se a política de relaxamento do distanciamento social é implementada antes da evidência do controle epidêmico, indicando a importância da escolha adequada de quando parar e começar a relaxar as medidas de distanciamento social. A abordagem empregada aqui, e as análises subsequentes aplicadas no Brasil e Rio de Janeiro, pode ser usada para outros locais.

ABSTRACT In this work, we propose and analyze social distancing relaxation measures and their epidemiological impacts through simulations of a compartmental mathematical model. Our generalized SEIRD model implicitly takes into account social distancing measures, considering the estimate of the spreading dynamics of COVID-19 under disturbances/uncertainties. The main objective is to assess the effects on the projections of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil and, in particular, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Different relaxation strategies of social distancing measures are investigated to determine which ones are viable and less dangerous for the population. The results highlight the need to maintain social distancing policies to control the spread of the disease. Specifically, the scenario considered as abrupt relaxation measures, implemented after the peak of positively diagnosed cases has occurred, can prolong the epidemic, with a significant increase in the expected number of confirmed and death cases. An even worse scenario can occur if the relaxation policy is implemented prior to the evidence of epidemiological control, indicating the importance of the proper choice of when to stop and start to relax social distancing measures. The approach employed here, and the subsequent analyzes applied to Brazil and Rio de Janeiro, can be used for other locations.

Abstract Background: Phlebitis is one of the most frequent complications in peripheral venous catheters. The aim was to compare the frequency of phlebitis before and after the implementation of the Flebitis Zero project, in order to ascertain its effectiveness and what factors were associated with this complication. Methods: Randomized pre-post intervention (Flebitis Zero project) study performed in the Hospital Universitario de Navarra (Pamplona, Spain) between 2015 and 2019. The intervention consisted of training of professionals along with the implementation of measures in order to lower the incidence of complications associated with the peripheral venous catheters. The control group (CG) was selected prior the intervention and the Intervention Group (IG) in the subsequent five years. Results: The study included 656 patients, 96 (14.6%) in the CG and 569 in the IG. Lower frequency of complications (49.0 vs 37.1%; p<0.001), especially accidental PVC exit (18.8 vs 8.1%), and of phlebitis (13.5 vs 11.8%). The intervention and the use of fully reinforced dressings were associated to happening of phlebitis. The implantation of the Flebitis Zero project prevented the occurrence of phlebitis (OR = 0.78; IC95%: 0.42-0.86; p = 0.042). Conclusion: The implementation of the measures used in the Phlebitis Zero project was associated with a significant reduction of the complications linked to the use of the peripheral venous catheters; the frequency of phlebitis dropped, although nowhere near the recommended level.

Resumen Fundamento: La flebitis es una de las complicaciones más frecuentes en los catéteres venosos periféricos (CVP). El objetivo fue comparar la frecuencia de flebitis previa y tras la implantación del proyecto Flebitis Zero, para conocer la efectividad del mismo y los factores relacionados con dicha complicación. Material y métodos: Estudio aleatorizado de comparación pre-post intervención (proyecto Flebitis Zero) realizado en el Hospital Universitario de Navarra (Pamplona, España) entre 2015 y 2019. La intervención consistió en la formación del personal y en la implementación de medidas que permitan disminuir la incidencia de complicaciones de los catéteres venosos periféricos. El grupo control (GC) se seleccionó antes de la puesta en marcha del proyecto Flebitis Zero, y el grupo intervención (GI) a lo largo de los cinco años posteriores. Resultados: Se incluyeron 656 pacientes, 96 en el GC (14,6%) y 569 en el GI. En el GI se observó menor frecuencia de complicaciones (49 vs 37,1%; p<0,001), especialmente salida accidental del dispositivo (18,8 vs 8,1%), y de flebitis (13,5 vs 11,8%). La intervención y el uso de apósitos totalmente reforzados se asociaron a la no aparición de flebitis La instauración del proyecto Flebitis Zero fue un factor protector de flebitis (OR = 0,78; IC95%: 0,42-0,86; p = 0,042). Conclusiones: La implantación de las medidas trabajadas con el proyecto Flebitis Zero se asociaron a una reducción significativa de las complicaciones asociadas al uso de los catéteres venosos periféricos; la frecuencia de flebitis disminuyó, pero lejos aún de los niveles recomendados.

Resumo Fundamento A cardiopatia isquêmica atraiu muito atenção devido às altas taxas de mortalidade, custos do tratamento e a crescente morbidade na população jovem. Estratégias de reperfusão reduziram a mortalidade. Porém, a reperfusão pode levar à morte do cardiomiócito e subsequente dano irreversível ao miocárdio. No momento, não há um tratamento eficiente e direcionado para a lesão de isquemia-reperfusão (I/R). Objetivos Avaliar se a dexmedetomidina (DEX) tem efeito protetivo na I/R do miocárdio e explorar os possíveis mecanismos por trás dela. Métodos Corações de ratos foram perfundidos com o sistema de perfusão de Langendorff e aleatoriamente distribuídos em cinco grupos: grupo controle, perfundido com solução de Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) por 205 minutos sem isquemia; e quatro grupos de teste que foram submetidos a 40 minutos de isquemia global e 120 minutos de reperfusão. O Grupo DEX, o grupo ioimbina (IO) e o grupo DEX + IO foram perfundidos com DEX (10 nM), IO (1 μM) ou a combinação de DEX e IO antes da reperfusão, respectivamente. A hemodinâmica cardíaca, o tamanho do infarto do miocárdio e a histologia do miocárdio foram avaliados. A expressão da proteína-78 regulada pela glicose (GRP78), a proteína quinase do retículo endoplasmático (PERK), a PERK fosforilada, o fator de iniciação eucariótico 2α (eIF2α), eIF2α fosforilado, o fator de transcrição 4 (TCF-4) e a proteína homóloga à proteína ligadora do acentuador CCAAT (CHOP) foram avaliados. P< 0,05 foi considerado para indicar a diferença estatisticamente significativa. Resultados O pré-condicionamento com DEX melhorou a função cardíaca nos corações com I/R, reduziu o infarto do miocárdio, a apoptose do miocárdio e a expressão de GRP78, p-PERK, eIF2α, p-eIF2α, TCF-4 e CHOP. Conclusões O pré-tratamento com DEX reduziu a lesão de I/R no miocárdio ao suprimir a apoptose, o que foi induzido pela via PERK.

Abstract Background Ischemic heart disease has attracted much attention due to its high mortality rates, treatment costs and the increasing morbidity in the young population. Strategies for reperfusion have reduced mortality. However, reperfusion can lead to cardiomyocyte death and subsequent irreversible myocardial damage. At present, the timely and targeted treatment of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is often lacking. Objectives To evaluate if dexmedetomidine (DEX) has a protective effect in myocardiual I/R and explore the possible mechanism behind it. Methods Rat hearts were perfused with a Langendorff perfusion system, and randomly assigned to five groups: control group, perfused with Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution for 205 minutes without ischemia; and four test groups that underwent 40 minutes of global ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. The DEX group, the yohimbine (YOH) group and the DEX + YOH group were perfused with DEX (10 nM), YOH (1 μM) or the combination of DEX and YOH prior to reperfusion, respectively. Cardiac hemodynamics, myocardial infarct size, and myocardial histology were evaluated. The expression of glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), phosphorylated PERK, eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), phosphorylated eIF2α, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) were assessed. P<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. Results DEX preconditioning improved the cardiac function of I/R hearts, reduced myocardial infarction, myocardial apoptosis, and the expression of GRP78, p-PERK, eIF2α, p-eIF2α, ATF4 and CHOP. Conclusions DEX pretreatment reduced myocardial I/R injury by suppressing apoptosis, which was induced by the PERK pathway.

RESUMO: Esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de um aditivo fitogênico a base de cardol, cardanol e ácido ricinoléico na qualidade físico-química do leite e perfil bioquímico de vacas da raça Holandês. Dezenove animais foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Controle (GI) e Grupo Tratado (GII). Previamente ao início do experimento, retirou-se a monensina sódica da ração fornecida aos animais. Este estudo consistiu de duas fases, sendo que na primeira fase, os animais do GI receberam a dieta padrão, sem aditivos, enquanto os animais do grupo GII receberam a ração padrão suplementada com 10 g dos aditivos fitogênicos durante 60 dias. Ao final da primeira etapa, os animais permaneceram 30 dias sem receber aditivos e na segunda fase os grupos foram invertidos, sendo que o GII novamente recebeu o aditivo fitogênico durante os 60 dias subsequentes. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas do leite nos momentos 0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias do experimento e avaliados os parâmetros sanguíneos nos momentos 0 e 60 dias do experimento. Não se observou diferença significativa para a interação tratamento x tempo em nenhuma das variáveis, mas tendência entre grupos para o parâmetro de CCS, e houve diferença estatística para a proteína, assim como para a AST. Neste estudo observa-se que a adição de aditivo fitogênico modulador de fermentação ruminal a base de cardol, cardanol e ácido ricinoléico não compromete, de forma geral, a qualidade do leite, tendo resultados positivos para alguns parâmetros específicos como teor de proteína e aspartato aminotransferase.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to analyze the effect of phytogenic additives based on cardol, cardanol, and ricinoleic acid on the physico-chemical qualities and biochemical parameters of Holstein cow milk. Nineteen animals were divided into the control (GI) and treatment (GII) groups. Prior to the beginning of the experiment, sodium monensin was removed from the feed provided to the animals. This study consisted of two phases. In the first, animals from GI received the standard diet, without additives, while animals from GII received the standard diet supplemented with 10 g of phytogenic additives for 60 days. At the end of the first stage, the animals remained 30 days without receiving additives and in the second phase the groups were inverted, and the GII again received the phytogenic additive during the subsequent 60 days. Physical-chemical analyzes of milk were performed at moments 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of the experiment and the blood parameters at times 0 and 60 days of the experiment were evaluated. There was no significant difference for the treatment x time interaction in any of the variables, but there was a trend between groups for the CCS parameter and there was a statistical difference for the protein, as well as for the AST. In this study it is observed that the addition of phytogenic additive modulating rumen fermentation based on cardol, cardanol and ricinoleic acid does not compromise, in general, the quality of milk, with positive results for some specific parameters such as protein content and aminotransferase.

RESUMO Introdução: Os intervalos com atividade ou as intervenções com programas de exercícios na escola estão relacionados com a melhora da função cognitiva em adolescentes. Contudo, poucos estudos avaliaram a relação entre exercício físico e cognição em escolas de zonas rurais, onde os níveis de evasão são altos e o rendimento acadêmico é baixo. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos de uma aula de exercício físico (EF) sobre o desempenho acadêmico subsequente dos alunos e o que sentem durante os testes de matemática (MAT) e de língua portuguesa (PO). Métodos: Trinta e seis estudantes (14,9 ± 1,5 anos) foram divididos randomicamente em dois grupos: um com 30 minutos de EF realizados a 74,3 ± 11,8% da FCmáx e um controle (CON), que permaneceram sentados assistindo a um filme antes dos testes (EF-MAT; EF-PO; CON-MAT; CON-PO). Resultados: O EF-MAT apresentou maior escore (5,3 ± 2,2) que o CON-MAT (4,0 ± 2,2). Os testes foram concluídos mais rapidamente no EF-PO (7,8 ± 3,3) do que no CON-PO (10,5 ± 4,2). O número de respostas corretas por minuto foi maior no EF-MAT e no EF-PO (0,52 ± 0,25; 0,64 ± 0,51) do que no CON-MAT e no CON-PO (0,35 ± 0,19; 0,41 ± 0,41). Além disso, 38,9% do EF-MAT sentiram que estavam mais concentrados durante o teste, em comparação com apenas 16,7% do CON-MAT que se sentiram mais concentrados. Durante o a prova de português, 27,8% dos CON-PO reclamaram de maior apreensão quando comparados com 8,3% do EF-PO. Ainda, 36,1% relataram cansaço durante o teste de PO depois de EF, comparados com 8,3% do grupo CON-PO. Conclusão: A aula de EF melhorou o desempenho acadêmico dos adolescentes. Apesar da sensação de cansaço, mais estudantes sentiram menos apreensão e estavam mais concentrados durante os testes depois de EF. Nível de evidência I; Estudos de acurácia diagnóstica (STARD).

ABSTRACT Introduction: Activity breaks or physical exercise interventions in schools are linked to better cognitive function in adolescents. However, few studies have evaluated the relationship between physical exercise and cognition in rural schools, where drop-out levels tend to be higher and academic achievement lower. Objective: To analyze the effects of a physical exercise class (PE) on subsequent academic performance of students, and how they felt during mathematics (MATH) and Portuguese language (PL) tests. Methods: Thirty-six students (14.9 ± 1.5 years) randomly carried out 30 min of PE, performed at 74.3 ± 11.8%HRmax, while a control group (CON) remained seated watching a movie, prior to the tests (PE-MATH; PE-PL; CON-MATH; CON-PL). Results: The PE-MATH group presented higher scores (5.3 ± 2.2) than the CON-MATH group (4.0 ± 2.2). The tests were completed more quickly in PE-PL (7.8 ± 3.3 minutes) than in CON-PL (10.5 ± 4.2 minutes). The number of correct answer per minute was higher in PE-MATH and PE-PL (0.52 ± 0.25; 0.64 ± 0.51) than in CON-MATH and CON-PL (0.35 ± 0.19; 0.41 ± 0.41). Furthermore, 38.9% of PE-MATH felt more focused during the test, while only 16.7% of CON-MATH felt more focused. During the Portuguese language test, 27.8% of CON-PL complained of greater apprehensiveness, compared to 8.3% for PE-PL. Also, 36.1% reported feeling fatigued during PL after PE, compared to 8.3% in the CON-PL group. Conclusions: PE improved the adolescents' academic performance. Despite feeling fatigue, more students who performed physical exercise felt less apprehensive and more focused during the tests after PE. Level of evidence I; STARD: studies of diagnostic accuracy.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los intervalos con actividad o las intervenciones con programas de ejercicios en la escuela están relacionados con la mejora de la función cognitiva en adolescentes. Sin embargo, pocos estudios evaluaron la relación entre ejercicio físico y cognición en escuelas de zonas rurales, en donde los niveles de evasión son altos y el rendimiento académico es bajo. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de una clase de ejercicio físico (EF) sobre el desempeño académico subsiguiente de los alumnos y lo que sienten durante los tests de matemática (MAT) y de idioma portugués (PO). Métodos: Treinta y seis estudiantes (14,9 ± 1,5 años) fueron divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos: uno con 30 minutos de EF realizados a 74,3 ± 11,8% de la FCmáx y un control (CON), que permanecieron sentados viendo una película antes de los tests (EF-MAT; EF-PO; CON-MAT; CON-PO). Resultados: El EF-MAT presentó mayor puntuación (5,3 ± 2,2) que el CON-MAT (4,0 ± 2,2). Los tests fueron concluidos más rápidamente en el EF-PO (7,8 ± 3,3) que en el CON-PO (10,5 ± 4,2). El número de respuestas correctas por minuto fue mayor en el EF-MAT y en el EF-PO (0,52 ± 0,25,0,64 ± 0,51) que en el CON-MAT y en el CON-PO (0,35 ± 0,19, 0,41 ± 0,41). Además, 38,9% del EF-MAT sintió que estaba más concentrado durante el test, en comparación con sólo 16,7% del CON-MAT que se sintió más concentrado. Durante la prueba de portugués, 27,8% de los CON-PO reclamó de mayor aprehensión cuando comparado con 8,3% del EF-PO. Además, 36,1% relató cansancio durante el test de PO después del EF, comparado con el 8,3% del grupo CON-PO. Conclusión: La clase de EF mejoró el desempeño académico de los adolescentes. A pesar de la sensación de cansancio, más estudiantes sintieron menos aprehensión y estaban más concentrados durante los tests después de EF. Nivel de evidencia I; Estudios de precisión diagnóstica (STARD).

RESUMO Avaliou-se o efeito residual de fosfatos sedimentares associado a doses anuais de fósforo em milho cultivado em um Cambissolo com elevado teor de cálcio trocável e pH 6,0. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas em faixa. As parcelas principais foram o fosfato de rocha de Bayóvar, o fosfato de rocha Itafós, o superfosfato triplo e um tratamento controle, sem aplicação de fosfatos. Estas fontes foram aplicadas a lanço e incorporadas no solo dois anos antes do presente estudo, com dose equivalente a 200 kg de P2O5 ha-1 e não houve preparo de solo nos anos subsequentes. Nas subparcelas, foram aplicadas as doses de 0, 60 e 120 kg de P2O5 ha-1 ano-1 através de superfosfato triplo no fundo do sulco de semeadura. O teor foliar de P, a produtividade de grãos e fósforo no solo pela resina de troca iônica foram avaliados. As diferenças na concentração de fósforo foliar entre os tratamentos com as fontes fosfatadas e o tratamento controle reduziram de 2013 a 2015. Em 2013 e 2014, os efeitos residuais dos fosfatos de rocha influenciaram a produtividade quando não houve aplicação anual de fósforo. Em 2015, a produtividade nos tratamentos com os fosfatos de rocha não foi superior ao controle, mas também não diferiu significativamente do superfosfato triplo. O teor residual de P no solo, extraído pelo método da resina, foi maior no tratamento com Itafós, entretanto, para esta fonte, a correlação entre o teor de P no solo e a produtividade foi fraca.

ABSTRACT It was evaluated the residual effects of sedimentary phosphates associated with the annual application of phosphate on maize grown in Inceptisol soil with a high exchangeable calcium concentration and pH value of 6.0. The experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized block design with strip-split plots. The main plots were treated with Bayóvar rock phosphate, Itafós rock phosphate, or triple superphosphate, while the control received no additional phosphate. The phosphate sources were applied by broadcasting and incorporated in the soil two years prior to the current study at 200 kg of P2O5 ha-1, with no tillage in subsequent years. In the sub-plots, phosphate doses of 0, 60, and 120 kg of P2O5 ha-1 year-1, as triple superphosphate, were applied at the base of the sowing furrows. Leaf phosphorus (P), grain yield, and soil P by ion exchange resin were evaluated. Differences were observed between the leaf P among the plots treated with phosphate sources and the control plot, which declined from 2013 to 2015. In 2013 and 2014, rock phosphate residuals influenced the grain yield when there was no annual application of phosphate. In 2015, grain yields in rock phosphate treatments without annual phosphate application were not superior to those in the control treatment and did not differ significantly from the plots receiving triple superphosphate. Furthermore, it was found that the soil P content extracted by ion exchange resin was higher in the Itafós treatment; however, for this source, the correlation between soil P and grain yield was relatively weak.

Resumo Este estudo visa evidenciar os esforços empreendidos pelos Tribunais de Contas (TCs) brasileiros no período de pandemia do coronavírus a fim de colaborar com seus jurisdicionados, seus servidores e a sociedade para o enfrentamento de seus efeitos. Realizou-se pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, por meio de análise das legislações emitidas pelos TCs, para avaliação das ações tomadas por eles. Entre os achados, destacam-se as ações de âmbito interno e pedagógicas empreendidas na forma de medidas destinadas ao público externo (como a limitação no atendimento presencial), à suspensão de eventos coletivos, de reuniões presenciais e viagens, à adoção de teletrabalho, ao contingenciamento de despesas, cursos à distância etc. Entre as ações processuais, destacam-se as suspensões de Sessões Plenárias ou das Câmaras, dos prazos processuais e da remessa das prestações de contas. Por fim, no tocante às ações orientativas e de monitoramento empreendidas pelos TCs, constatou-se que foi elaborada uma série de diretrizes e recomendações em relação às práticas adotadas pelos órgãos de controle externo de modo colaborativo aos demais poderes, de modo orientar os gastos públicos, a aquisição e a contratação de serviços com dispensa de licitação, entre outros riscos. Conclui-se que o conjunto de medidas implementadas pelos TCs demonstra mudança no status tradicional de controle posterior das contas públicas, que enseja uma atuação punitiva para um controle prévio e concomitante, por meio de recomendações, fiscalizações e monitoramento, quando o gestor ainda dispõe de instrumentos para corrigir eventuais erros e evitar o desperdício e a má aplicação do recurso público.

Abstract This study aims to highlight the efforts made by the Brazilian Courts of Accounts (CAs) during the COVID-19 pandemic to collaborate with its jurisdictional authorities, civil servants, and society to face its effects. Descriptive and qualitative research was carried out, analyzing the legislation issued by the CAs to evaluate their actions. Among the findings, it was observed that the CAs took administrative and pedagogical measures to protect the public, such as the suspension or restriction of face-to-face service. Also, the courts suspended collective events, face-to-face meetings, and travel, adopted telework, limited expenditures and distance learning courses. Among the procedural measures, Plenary Sessions or Chambers, procedural deadlines, and remittance of accounts were suspended. Finally, the activities of guidance and monitoring were conducted under a series of guidelines and recommendations created collaboratively with other agencies and branches of government, guiding public spending, the acquisition and contracting of services with no bidding requirements, among other procedures. It is concluded that the set of measures implemented by the CAs shows a change in the traditional status of subsequent control of public accounts - which gives rise to punitive action - for prior and concurrent control, with recommendations, inspections, and monitoring, when the manager still has instruments to amend errors and avoid waste and misapplication of public resources.

Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo evidenciar los esfuerzos realizados por los Tribunales de Cuentas (TC) brasileños en el período de la pandemia de coronavirus para colaborar con sus jurisdiccionales, funcionarios y la sociedad para enfrentar sus efectos. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo mediante el análisis de la legislación emitida por los TC para evaluar las acciones tomadas por los estos. Entre los resultados, se destacan las acciones administrativas y pedagógicas emprendidas en forma de medidas dirigidas al público externo, como la limitación en el servicio presencial, la suspensión de eventos colectivos, de reuniones presenciales y viajes; la adopción del teletrabajo, la restricción de gastos, y cursos de aprendizaje a distancia. Entre las acciones procesales están las suspensiones de sesiones plenarias o cámaras, de plazos procesales y de envío de las prestaciones de cuentas. Finalmente, con respecto a las acciones de orientación y supervisión emprendidas por los TC, se constató la elaboración de una serie de directrices y recomendaciones con relación a las prácticas adoptadas por los organismos de control externo de manera colaborativa con los otros poderes, a los efectos de orientar el gasto público, la adquisición y contratación de servicios sin licitación, entre otros riesgos. Se concluye que el conjunto de medidas implementadas por los TC muestra un cambio en el estatus tradicional: del control posterior de las cuentas públicas ‒ que da lugar a acciones punitivas ‒ hacia el control previo y concomitante, a través de recomendaciones, inspecciones y monitoreo, cuando el administrador tiene los instrumentos para corregir eventuales errores y evitar el desperdicio y la mala utilización de los recursos públicos.

Abstract: Global interdependence forced us to demystify statism, to reject the absolute idea that states are the beginning and end of everything. Standardization of regulations generated from global administrative spaces are questioned as lacking philosophical substrates, of a system of sources and principles. Even if its execution within the states adopts a camouflage of legitimacy, doubts remain as to its validity, for not observing internal legislative procedures, for not having prior or subsequent control of constitutionality, nor court of appeals at the transnational level, an unresolved dilemma and an alarm for the rule of law. Additionally, the global governance model has cracks, that set limits on the evolutionary cycle of global administrative law, risking the integrity of the democratic system and accountability.

Resumen: La interdependencia global nos obligó a desmitificar el estatismo, a rechazar la idea absoluta de que los estados son el principio y fin de todo. La estandarización de normas generadas desde espacios administrativos globales, se cuestionan por carecer de sustratos filosóficos, de un sistema de fuentes y principios. Aun cuando su ejecución dentro de los estados adopte un camuflaje de legitimidad, persisten las dudas en cuanto a su validez, por no observar los causes legislativos internos, por no tener un control previo ni posterior de constitucionalidad, ni tribunales de revisión en el nivel transnacional, un dilema aún sin resolver y una alarma para el estado de derecho. A todo esto, se agregan las fisuras del modelo de gobernanza global existente, que limita el ciclo evolutivo del derecho administrativo global, arriesgando la vigencia de los sistemas democráticos y de la accountability como una de sus mejores expresiones.