Abstract Introduction: The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends guidelines to improve the quality of life and survival of cancer survivors, but adherence is low worldwide, and there are no data in Uruguay. Objective: To evaluate the adherence of cancer survivors in Uruguay to the five healthy behavior guidelines recommended by the ACS at the Hospital de Clínicas and the Hospital Departamental de Soriano. Materials and Methods: Observational and prospective study with 288 patients with early-stage cancer (I-III). A questionnaire on healthy habits was used. Patients were classified into low (0-2), moderate (3), and high adherence (4-5). Relationships between adherence and demographic and clinical variables were analyzed using R software. Results: A total of 288 patients were included, 15% consumed enough fruits and vegetables, 63,5% maintained a BMI <30, 32.3% achieved the recommended physical activity, 80.6% did not smoke, and 95,5% did not drink alcohol excessively. Adherence was low in 42%, moderate in 29,5%, and high in 28.5%, being higher among young people (p=0,009), women (p=0,004), patients with higher educational level (p<0,001), and those diagnosed at earlier stages (p=0.009). Conclusions: Most survivors followed the recommendations to abstain from smoking and moderate alcohol consumption, but one-third had a BMI above the recommended level, two-thirds did not reach the recommended level of physical activity, and 85% did not consume the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables. Adherence was lower in older patients, men, those with stage III cancer, and those with lower educational levels, suggesting the need for specific interventions.

Resumo Introdução: A Sociedade Americana do Câncer (ACS) recomenda diretrizes para melhorar a qualidade de vida e a sobrevida dos sobreviventes de câncer, porém a adesão é baixa a nível mundial e não existem dados no Uruguai. Objetivo: Avaliar a adesão dos sobreviventes de câncer no Uruguai às cinco diretrizes de comportamento saudável da ACS no Hospital de Clínicas e no Hospital Departamental de Soriano. Materiais e métodos: Estudo observacional e prospectivo com 288 pacientes com câncer em estágios iniciais (I-III). Foi utilizado um questionário sobre hábitos saudáveis. Os pacientes foram classificados em baixa adesão (0-2), moderada (3) e alta adesão (4-5). Foram analisadas as relações entre a adesão e variáveis demográficas e clínicas utilizando o software R. Resultados: Foram incluídos 288 pacientes, 15% consumiram frutas e vegetais suficientes, 63,5% mantiveram um IMC <30, 32,3% alcançaram o nível recomendado de atividade física, 80,6% não fumavam e 95,5% não consumiam álcool em excesso. A adesão foi baixa em 42%, moderada em 29,5% e alta em 28,5%, sendo maior entre jovens (p=0,009), mulheres (p=0,004), pacientes com maior nível educacional (p<0,001) e em estágios iniciais (p=0,009). Conclusões: A maioria dos sobreviventes seguiu as recomendações para não fumar e moderar o consumo de álcool, mas um terço apresentou IMC superior ao recomendado, dois terços não atingiram o nível de atividade física e 85% não consumiram as frutas e vegetais recomendados. A adesão foi menor em pacientes mais velhos, homens, em estágios III e com menor nível educacional, sugerindo a necessidade de intervenções específicas.

Resumen Introducción: La Sociedad Americana del Cáncer (ACS) recomienda pautas para mejorar la calidad de vida y supervivencia de los sobrevivientes de cáncer, pero la adherencia es baja a nivel mundial y no hay datos en Uruguay. Objetivo: Evaluar la adherencia de los sobrevivientes de cáncer en Uruguay a las cinco pautas de comportamiento saludable de la ACS en el Hospital de Clínicas y el Hospital Departamental de Soriano. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional y prospectivo con 288 pacientes de cáncer precoz (I-III). Se utilizó un cuestionario sobre hábitos saludables. Los pacientes fueron clasificados en baja (0-2), moderada (3) y alta adherencia (4-5). Se analizaron relaciones entre adherencia y variables demográficas y clínicas usando el software R. Resultados: Se incluyeron 288 pacientes, 15% consumió suficientes frutas y verduras, 63,5% mantuvo un IMC <30, 32,3% logró la actividad física recomendada, 80,6% no fumaba y 95,5% no bebía alcohol en exceso. La adherencia fue baja en 42%, moderada en 29,5% y alta en 28,5%, siendo mayor entre jóvenes (p=0,009), mujeres (p=0,004), pacientes con mayor nivel educativo (p<0,001) y en estadios tempranos (p=0,009). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los sobrevivientes siguieron las recomendaciones para no fumar y moderar el consumo de alcohol, pero un tercio tenía un IMC superior al recomendado, dos tercios no alcanzaban el nivel de actividad física y el 85% no consumía las frutas y verduras recomendadas. La adherencia fue menor en pacientes mayores, hombres, con estadios III y menor nivel educativo, sugiriendo necesidad de intervenciones específicas.

Abstract Introduction: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug worldwide and the second most smoked substance after tobacco. In recent years, numerous studies have attempted to assess its impact on respiratory health with conflicting results. Objective: To study the effect of inhaled cannabis on respiratory symptoms and lung function compared to tobacco and non-smokers. Methods: Adults from cannabis clubs and public institutions in our country were included. Questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, respiratory symptoms, and consumption habits were conducted. This was complemented with pulmonary function testing. Participants were divided into 4 groups: cannabis group (C), tobacco group (T), cannabis-tobacco group (C-T), and non-smokers group (NS). Results: A total of 375 individuals were studied: cannabis group (63), tobacco (117), cannabis-tobacco (50), and non-smokers (145). The cannabis, cannabis-tobacco, and tobacco groups showed a higher prevalence of at least one chronic respiratory symptom (wheezing, cough, and sputum) compared to the non-smokers group (p<0.001). Forced vital capacity was significantly higher in cannabis users (C, C-T). No other significant spirometry alterations were found. Conclusions: Smoking cannabis is associated with chronic respiratory symptoms. Although no clinically relevant changes in lung function were detected, further long-term studies are required. Inquiry about cannabis use should be incorporated into clinical practice, with education on potential health risks.

Resumo Introdução: A cannabis é a droga ilícita mais consumida no mundo e a segunda substância mais fumada depois do tabaco. Nos últimos anos, numerosos estudos tentaram avaliar o seu impacto na saúde respiratória, com resultados conflitantes. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito da cannabis inalada nos sintomas respiratórios e na função pulmonar em comparação com o tabaco e não fumantes. Métodos: Foram incluídos adultos provenientes de clubes de cannabis e instituições públicas do nosso país. Foram aplicados questionários sobre características sociodemográficas, sintomas respiratórios e hábitos de consumo. Complementou-se com estudo funcional respiratório. Os participantes foram divididos em 4 grupos: grupo cannabis (C), grupo tabaco (T), grupo cannabis-tabaco (C-T) e grupo não fumantes (NF). Resultados: Foram estudados 375 indivíduos: grupo cannabis (63), tabaco (117), cannabis-tabaco (50) e não fumantes (145). Os grupos cannabis, cannabis-tabaco e tabaco apresentaram maior prevalência de pelo menos um sintoma respiratório crônico (sibilos, tosse e expectoração) em comparação com o grupo não fumantes (p<0,001). A capacidade vital forçada foi significativamente maior nos grupos consumidores de cannabis (C, C-T). Não foram encontradas outras alterações significativas na espirometria. Conclusões: Fumar cannabis está associado a sintomas respiratórios crônicos. Embora não tenham sido detectadas alterações clinicamente relevantes na função pulmonar, são necessários mais estudos de longo prazo. Questionar sobre o consumo de cannabis deve ser incorporado à prática clínica, com educação sobre os potenciais riscos à saúde.

Resumen Introducción: El cannabis es la droga ilícita más consumida a nivel mundial y la segunda sustancia más fumada luego del tabaco. En los últimos años numerosos estudios han intentado valorar su impacto en la salud respiratoria con resultados discordantes. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del cannabis inhalado en síntomas respiratorios y función pulmonar en comparación con el tabaco y con no fumadores. Métodos: Se incluyeron adultos provenientes de clubes cannábicos e instituciones públicas de nuestro país. Se realizaron cuestionarios sobre características sociodemográficas, síntomas respiratorios y hábitos de consumo. Se complementó con estudio funcional respiratorio. Se dividieron en 4 grupos: grupo cannabis (C), grupo tabaco (T), grupo cannabis-tabaco (C-T) y grupo no fumadores (NF). Resultados: Se estudiaron 375 individuos: grupo cannabis (63), tabaco (117), cannabis-tabaco (50), no fumadores (145). El grupo cannabis, cannabis-tabaco, y tabaco, presentaron mayor prevalencia de al menos un síntoma respiratorio crónico (sibilancias, la tos y la expectoración) comparado con el grupo no fumador (p<0,001). La capacidad vital forzada fue significativamente mayor en los grupos consumidores de cannabis (C, C-T). No se hallaron otras alteraciones significativas en la espirometría. Conclusiones: Fumar cannabis se asocia con síntomas respiratorios crónicos. Si bien no se han detectado cambios clínicamente relevantes en la función pulmonar, se requieren más estudios a largo plazo. Interrogar sobre el consumo de cannabis debería incorporarse en la práctica clínica, educando sobre los potenciales riesgos en salud.

Abstract Introduction: Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Alo-HSCT). This study describes the experience of a single center in Uruguay with the use of voriconazole as prophylaxis during the first 70 days post Alo-HSCT. Objectives: To describe the prevalence of IFI, the tolerance to voriconazole, and the associated adverse effects in Alo-HSCT recipients. Method: A prospective observational study was conducted at the British Hospital of Montevideo, Uruguay, between January 5, 2022, and June 5, 2024. The patient population that received voriconazole prophylaxis was evaluated. Results: Out of 19 patients, 17 met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 57 years, and 70.6% were male. No patients developed IFI. All showed good tolerance to voriconazole without significant adverse events. Therapeutic levels were adequate in 76.5% of cases, while 23.5% presented subtherapeutic levels that were successfully adjusted. Conclusions: The use of voriconazole as prophylaxis in Alo-HSCT recipients demonstrated good tolerance and effectiveness in preventing IFI in our center.

Resumo Introdução: As infecções fúngicas invasivas (IFI) são uma causa significativa de morbimortalidade em receptores de transplante alogênico de células-tronco hematopoéticas (Alo-TCPH). Este estudo descreve a experiência de um único centro no Uruguai com o uso de voriconazol como profilaxia nos primeiros 70 dias após o Alo-TCPH. Objetivos: Descrever a prevalência de IFI, a tolerância ao voriconazol e os efeitos adversos associados ao seu uso em pacientes receptores de Alo-TCPH. Método: Estudo observacional prospectivo realizado no Hospital Britânico de Montevidéu, Uruguai, entre 5 de janeiro de 2022 e 5 de junho de 2024. Foi avaliada a população de pacientes que receberam profilaxia com voriconazol. Resultados: Dos 19 pacientes, 17 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. A mediana de idade foi de 57 anos, e 70,6% eram homens. Nenhum paciente desenvolveu IFI. Todos mostraram boa tolerância ao voriconazol sem eventos adversos significativos. Níveis terapêuticos adequados foram mantidos em 76,5% dos casos, enquanto 23,5% apresentaram níveis abaixo do intervalo terapêutico, que foram ajustados com sucesso. Conclusões: O uso de voriconazol como profilaxia em receptores de Alo-TCPH demonstrou boa tolerância e eficácia na prevenção de IFI em nosso centro.

Resumen Introducción: Las infecciones fúngicas invasivas (IFI) son una causa importante de morbi-mortalidad en los receptores de trasplante alogénico de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas (Alo-TCPH). Este estudio describe la experiencia de un único centro en Uruguay con el uso de voriconazol como profilaxis en los primeros 70 días post Alo-TCPH. Objetivos: Describir la prevalencia de IFI, la tolerancia al voriconazol y los efectos adversos vinculados al mismo en pacientes receptores de Alo-TCPH. Método: Estudio observacional prospectivo realizado en el Hospital Británico de Montevideo, Uruguay, entre el 5 de enero de 2022 y el 5 de junio de 2024. Se evaluó la población de pacientes que recibieron profilaxis con voriconazol. Resultados: De 19 pacientes, 17 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La edad mediana fue de 57 años, y el 70,6% eran hombres. Ningún paciente desarrolló IFI. Todos mostraron buena tolerancia al voriconazol sin eventos adversos significativos. El 76,5% mantuvo niveles terapéuticos adecuados, mientras que el 23,5% presentó niveles por debajo del rango terapéutico, los cuales fueron ajustados exitosamente. Conclusiones: El uso de voriconazol como profilaxis en pacientes receptores de Alo-TCPH mostró una buena tolerancia y efectividad en la prevención de IFI en nuestro centro.

Resumen Introducción. La enfermedad de la necrosis aguda del hepatopáncreas (AHPND, por sus siglas en inglés) es producida por bacterias Vibrio parahaemolyticus que poseen un plásmido con genes que codifican las toxinas pirA y pirB. La enfermedad se caracteriza por descamación masiva de las células epiteliales del hepatopáncreas, así como la atrofia y decoloración de ese órgano. Los camarones enfermos presentan anorexia y muestran un intestino vacío, debilidad, decoloración del cuerpo y altas mortalidades. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de Vibrio parahaemolyticus causante de AHPND en fincas de camarones en la zona del Pacífico de Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos. Durante los años 2019 y 2020, se recolectaron camarones (Penaeus vannamei) y agua de estanques de 32 fincas localizadas en la costa occidental del golfo de Nicoya (noroeste del país) y la costa del Pacífico Central (Puntarenas-Parrita). Los camarones recolectados en los muestreos tenían un peso de entre 7 y 15 g. El diagnóstico de la presencia de la enfermedad se analizó a nivel molecular con la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) punto final, y diferentes protocolos e iniciadores para detectar los genes de las toxinas pirA y pirB. Además, se hizo una correlación lineal entre la presencia de AHPND y la calidad del agua con el programa estadístico R. Resultados. La presencia de Vibrio parahaemolyticus causante de AHPND ocurrió en 93,75 % (30/32) de los estanques muestreados en ambas zonas de cultivo. Conclusiones. Este trabajo confirma la presencia y amplia distribución de AHPND en agua y camarones en treinta fincas camaroneras en el Pacífico de Costa Rica.

Abstract Introduction. The acute hepatopancreas necrosis disease (AHPND) is caused by bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus containing a plasmid encoding the toxin genes pirA and pirB. The disease is characterized by massive sloughing of epithelial cells in the hepatopancreas, also showing atrophy and discoloration of that organ. Diseased shrimp display anorexia with empty guts, weakness, body discoloration and high mortality. Objective. To determine the prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing AHPND in farms that grow shrimp in the Pacific zone of Costa Rica. Materials and methods. During the years 2019 and 2020, water and shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) samples were obtained from 32 farms located on the western coast of the Nicoya Gulf (Northwest Costa Rica) and the Central Pacific coast (Puntarenas-Parrita). The samples were analyzed by endpoint polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using different protocols and primers to detect the toxins pirA and pirB. Further, a linear correlation between the presence of AHPND and water quality was done using the R statistical program. Results. The presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing AHPND occurred in 93.75 % (30/32) of sampled ponds in both farming areas. Conclusion. This work confirms the presence and wide distribution of AHPND in water and shrimp from thirty shrimp farms in the Costa Rican Pacific.

Neste artigo, objetivou-se conhecer as percepções de homens trans acerca de violências vividas em diversos contextos. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito homens trans, com ou sem intervenções corporais. Após análise reflexiva de dados, o corpus concatenou-se em dois temas analíticos: “negação das identidades trans” e “controle do diverso”. Aponta-se para a prevalência da violência psicológica; a família como principal promotora de violências; e prejuízos na saúde física e mental. Relacionamentos conjugais, amizades e psicoterapias são modos de lidar com as violências em razão da ausência de suporte legal. Violências entre pares foram mencionadas como modo de reprodução de normativas de masculinidade. Compreende-se como violências de gênero atos que pretendem atacar o sujeito que se desencontra com a cis-heteronormatividade e a masculinidade hegemônica, consistindo na leitura social como possibilidade de legitimação social da identidade e consequente diminuição da vulnerabilidade.

El objetivo de este artículo fue conocer las percepciones de hombres trans sobre violencias vividas en diversos contextos. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con ocho hombres trans, con o sin intervenciones corporales. Después de un análisis reflexivo de datos, el corpus se concentró en dos temas analíticos: “negación de las identidades trans” y “control de lo diverso”. Se señala la prevalencia de la violencia psicológica, la familia como principal promotora de violencias, los perjuicios en las salud física y mental. Relaciones conyugales, amistades y psicoterapias son modos de enfrentar las violencias debido a la ausencia de soporte legal. Se mencionaron las violencias entre pares como modo de reproducción de normativas de masculinidad. Se comprenden como violencias de género los actos que pretenden atacar al sujeto que se desencuentra con la cis-heteronormatividad y la masculinidad hegemónica, consistiendo en la lectura social como posibilidad de legitimización social de la identidad y consecuente disminución de la vulnerabilidad.

This article explores trans men's perceptions of violence in different contexts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight trans men, regardless of whether they had undergone interventions in their body or not. After reflective data analysis, the corpus was concatenated into two analytical themes: "denial of trans identities" and "control of diversity". The findings point to prevalence of psychological violence, family as the main perpetrator of violence and adverse physical and mental health effects. Marital relationships, friendships and psychotherapy were seen as ways of dealing with violence in the face of lack of legal support. Peer violence was highlighted as a way of reproducing masculinity norms. Gender-based violence was understood as acts aimed at attacking individuals who are at odds with cisheteronormativity and hegemonic masculinity and social reading was viewed as an alternative for promoting the social legitimization of identity and consequent reduction of vulnerability.

Abstract Despite the implementation of preventive care services in the workplace, resistance persists among female survivors of female survivors of intimate partner violence (VAW) to seek help. In this context, a study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of VAW and the factors associated with the intention to seek help among these workers. The study employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive-correlational design and was conducted with a sample of 142 female employees from a bank in La Paz, Bolivia, which has developed initiatives to prevent VAW. The findings revealed that 45.1% of the workers had experienced some form of violence from their partners or ex-partners throughout their relationships. Additionally, factors directly related to the intention to seek help were identified, such as attitudes that disapprove of self-sufficiency in resolving these cases (rs = .390; p < .05) and a state of complacency that minimizes the importance of addressing the problem (rs = .369; p < .05). It is concluded that, beyond sociodemographic factors, erroneous beliefs limit the intention to seek help through available support channels within the organization or other specialized centers.

Resumen A pesar de la implementación de servicios de atención preventiva en el lugar de trabajo, persiste la resistencia entre las trabajadoras sobrevivientes de violencia contra las mujeres (VcM) en relaciones de pareja a buscar ayuda. En este contexto, se realizó una investigación con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de VcM y los factores relacionados con la intención de buscar ayuda entre estas trabajadoras. El enfoque del estudio es cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo-correlacional, y se realizó en una muestra de 142 funcionarias de un banco en La Paz, Bolivia que ha desarrollado iniciativas para prevenir la VcM. Los hallazgos revelaron que el 45,1 % de las trabajadoras había experimentado algún tipo de violencia por parte de sus parejas o exparejas a lo largo de su relación. Además, se identificaron factores relacionados de forma directa con la intención de buscar ayuda, tales como las actitudes que desaprueban la autosuficiencia en la resolución de estos casos (rs = .390; p<0.05) y un estado de conformismo que minimiza la importancia de afrontar el problema (rs= .369; p<0.05). Se concluye que, más allá de los factores sociodemográficos, son las creencias erróneas las que limitan la intención de buscar ayuda en los canales de atención disponibles dentro de la organización o en otros centros especializados.

Abstract To describe the current situation of some elements of the food systems in Colombia, a narrative literature review was conducted from the years 2003 to 2023 It was found that agricultural production predominates in this country based on monocultures with intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers, extensive livestock farming on large estates, and the area occupied by small producers is small. The contribution of the agricultural sector to the gross domestic product is low and it depends on food imports for the internal supply. More than half of the population has difficulties accessing food, which may explain the prevalence of malnutrition and non-communicable diseases. Healthy and sustainable agricultural production policies and measures aimed at improving food environments are required to improve people's health and maintain biodiversity.

Resumen Se realizó una revisión narrativa de literatura de los años 2003 a 2023, para describir la situación actual de algunos elementos de los sistemas alimentarios en Colombia. Se encontró que en este país predomina la producción agrícola basada en monocultivos con uso intensivo de plaguicidas y fertilizantes químicos y la ganadería extensiva en latifundios, el área ocupada por pequeños productores es reducida. El aporte del sector agropecuario al producto interno bruto es bajo y se depende de importaciones de alimentos para el abastecimiento. Más de la mitad de la población tiene dificultades para acceder a los alimentos, lo que puede explicar la prevalencia de malnutrición y enfermedades no transmisibles en la población. Se requieren políticas de producción agropecuaria saludable y sustentable, y medidas dirigidas a mejorar los entornos alimentarios para mejorar la salud de las personas y mantener la biodiversidad.

Resumo Introdução: Doenças glomerulares podem estar associadas a malignidades sólidas ou hematopoiéticas. A prevalência dessas associações varia conforme a doença glomerular estudada. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar frequência e tipo de neoplasias em pacientes com doenças glomerulares, bem como suas características clínicas, laboratoriais e histopatológicas e a relação com a terapia imunossupressora. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, observacional e longitudinal que analisou 4.820 prontuários e incluiu 95 pacientes com doença glomerular e neoplasias. Foram coletados dados demográficos, clínicos, laboratoriais e histológicos. Resultados: A prevalência de neoplasias foi 1,97% (95 pacientes; 81 [85,3%] malignas, 14 [14,7%] benignas). As malignidades hematológicas (35,8%) apresentaram maior prevalência, seguidas por tumores de cólon, reto e ginecológicos. A glomerulopatia com maior frequência foi a glomerulopatia membranosa (GM, 25 pacientes, 35,7%). A dose dos agentes imunossupressores entre pacientes com neoplasias, antes ou após a imunossupressão, não foi estatisticamente diferente. A neoplasia foi diagnosticada antes da glomerulopatia em 53% dos pacientes. Entre os casos em que as neoplasias foram diagnosticadas após a glomerulopatia, 43% foram detectadas no primeiro ano de acompanhamento da doença renal. A síndrome predominante na apresentação foi a síndrome nefrótica. A progressão para doença renal crônica estágio 5 ao final do acompanhamento ocorreu em 8,4% dos casos. Conclusões: Neoplasias se manifestaram antes ou, menos frequentemente, após o diagnóstico de doenças glomerulares. Como as neoplasias diagnosticadas após a apresentação da glomerulopatia frequentemente surgem logo após esse diagnóstico, é necessário atenção às neoplasias durante o primeiro ano de acompanhamento das glomerulopatias, especialmente em pacientes com síndrome nefrótica e GM.

Abstract Introduction: Glomerular diseases can be associated with solid or hematopoietic malignancies. The prevalence of these associations varies according to the studied glomerular disease. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and type of neoplasms in patients with glomerular diseases as well as their clinical, laboratory, and histopathological features and the relationship with immunosuppressive therapy. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, observational, longitudinal study that reviewed 4,820 medical records and included 95 patients with glomerular disease and neoplasms. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and histologic data were collected. Results: The prevalence of neoplasms was 1.97% (95 patients; 81 [85.3%] malignant, 14 [14.7%] benign). Hematologic malignancies (35.8%) showed the highest prevalence, followed by colon, rectal, and gynecologic tumors. The glomerulopathy with the highest frequency was membranous glomerulopathy (MGN, 25 patients, 35.7%). The dose of the immunosuppressive agents among patients with neoplasms before or after immunosuppression was not statistically different. Neoplasm was diagnosed before glomerulopathy in 53% of patients. Among cases in which neoplasms were diagnosed after glomerulopathy, 43% were diagnosed in the first year of follow-up of the renal disease. The predominant syndrome at presentation was nephrotic syndrome. Progression to chronic kidney disease stage 5 at the end of follow-up occurred in 8.4% of the cases. Conclusions: Neoplasms manifested before or, less frequently, after the diagnosis of glomerular diseases. As neoplasms diagnosed after presentation of glomerulopathy often appeared early after this diagnosis, it is necessary to be aware of neoplasms during the first year of follow-up of glomerulopathies, especially in patients with nephrotic syndrome, and MGN.

Resumo Introdução: O Censo Brasileiro de Diálise (CBD) anual apoia e contribui para o desenvolvimento de políticas nacionais de saúde. Objetivo: Reportar dados epidemiológicos de 2023 do CBD da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia (SBN). Métodos: Realizou-se pesquisa em amostra voluntária de centros brasileiros de diálise utilizando questionário online, abrangendo aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de pacientes em diálise crônica e características dos centros. Para estimativas de prevalência, incidência e fonte de financiamento da diálise, obtivemos dados de uma amostra aleatória de centros de diálise. Resultados: Um total de 37,5% (n = 332) dos centros respondeu voluntariamente ao questionário online; 124 foram selecionados aleatoriamente para estimativas específicas de taxas de prevalência e incidência. Estimou-se que, em 1º de julho de 2023, o número total de pacientes em diálise era 157.357 e 51.153 iniciaram a diálise em 2023. As taxas estimadas de prevalência e incidência de pacientes por milhão da população (pmp) foram de 771 e 251, respectivamente. Dos pacientes prevalentes, 88,2% estavam em hemodiálise, 8,0% em hemodialfiltração e 3,8% em diálise peritoneal. A prevalência de anemia (Hb <10g/dL) foi 29% e de hiperfosfatemia (P > 5,5mg/dL), 30%. Houve aumento na frequência do uso de cinacalcete e paricalcitol. A taxa bruta global de mortalidade anual estimada foi 16,2%. Conclusões: Estimativas de uma amostra aleatória de centros de diálise mostram que o número absoluto e a taxa de prevalência de pacientes em diálise crônica continuam a aumentar. Um número crescente de pacientes foi submetido à hemodiafiltração e ao uso de cinacalcete e paricalcitol para tratamento de hiperparatireoidismo.

Abstract Introduction: The annual Brazilian Dialysis Survey (BDS) supports and contributes to the development of national health policies. Objective: To report the 2023 epidemiological data from the BDS of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (BSN). Methods: A survey was carried out in a voluntary sample of Brazilian chronic dialysis centers using an online questionnaire covering clinical and epidemiological aspects of patients on chronic dialysis, and characteristics of dialysis centers. For estimates of prevalence, incidence, and source of payment for dialysis, data were obtained from a random sample of dialysis centers. Results: A total of 37.5% (n = 332) of the centers voluntarily responded to the online questionnaire, and 124 were randomly selected for specific estimates of prevalence and incidence rates. It was estimated that on July 1, 2023, the total number of patients on dialysis was 157,357 and 51,153 started dialysis in 2023. The estimated prevalence and incidence rates of patients per million population (pmp) were 771 and 251, respectively. Of the prevalent patients, 88.2% were on hemodialysis, 8.0% on hemodialfiltration, and 3.8% on peritoneal dialysis. The prevalence of anemia (Hb <10g/dL) was 29% and hyperphosphatemia (P >5.5mg/dL), 30%. There was an increase in the frequency of use of cinacalcet and paricalcitol. The estimated overall crude annual mortality rate was 16.2%. Conclusions: Estimates from a random sample of dialysis facilities show that the absolute number and the prevalence rate of patients on chronic dialysis continue to increase. A growing number of patients were undergoing hemodiafiltration and using cinacalcet and paricalcitol for hyperparathyroidism treatment.

BACKGROUND. Despite iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) being a global challenge, guidelines on identifying and managing children in infection-burdened areas are unclear. Little is known about the investigation and treatment of IDA for hospitalised children in HIV-endemic areas. OBJECTIVES. To determine the prevalence of anaemia in hospitalised children and to describe the factors that impact the identification and management of IDA in an urban area of South Africa (SA). METHODS. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a referral hospital in Durban, SA, from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. A chart review was performed for the clinical and laboratory data of 1 138 hospitalised children between 1 and 5 years old who had full blood count results. Standard statistical analyses were performed, including comparative analyses between those with and without anaemia. RESULTS. There was a 24% prevalence rate of anaemia (46.2% of whom were moderate-severe). There was a greater prevalence for anaemia in malnourished children (p<0.0001) and those HIV exposed (p<0.0001). Despite 65.9% of anaemic children having microcytic hypochromic anaemia, iron studies were only performed in 12/273 (4.4%), and stool samples were tested in 16/273 (5.9%). The majority (260/273, 95.2%) of all anaemic children had a Mentzer index >13, suggesting a high prevalence of IDA. Only 10/273 (3.7%) were provided with iron. Children with microcytic hypochromic anaemia were no different in clinical presentation or outcome to other anaemic children. High numbers (55.1%) were on antibiotics, and this high infection burden may have affected the identification and management of IDA. CONCLUSION. Malnourished and HIV-exposed children have a higher prevalence of anaemia. Despite this, <10% of children had basic investigations to identify IDA. This study highlights the urgent need to implement guidelines in identifying IDA and providing iron replacement in hospitalised children in areas with high infection burdens, including SA.

BACKGROUND: The personal health behaviours and lifestyle habits of health professionals influence their counselling practices related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). There is limited evidence on the prevalence of modifiable NCD risk factors among medical students in South Africa (SA OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of modifiable behavioural and metabolic NCD risk factors in first-year medical students at a SA university METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study included 256 first-year students. Participants completed five online questionnaires regarding lifestyle behaviours (physical activity, dietary habits, smoking, alcohol consumption and sleep quality). NCD-related metabolic markers including body composition, blood pressure, total cholesterol and random glucose concentrations, were measured. The prevalence of risk factors was calculated using internationally accepted criteria, and sex differences were reported using one-way ANOVA or χ² test (p<0.05 RESULTS: The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 79.7%, followed by low-to-moderate diet quality (66.8%), low levels of physical activity (64.1%), overweight/ obesity (26.2%), current/past smoking (13.3%) and harmful use of alcohol (12.5%). Most (88.3%) participants had two or more NCD-related risk factors. The prevalence of multiple NCD risk factors differed significantly between male and female participants, with more male participants having >2 CONCLUSIONS: This study found that first-year medical students at a South African university have a high prevalence of lifestyle-related risk factors, specifically poor sleep quality, low levels of physical activity and low-to-moderate diet quality. Sleep hygiene, regular activity and good nutrition should be promoted, and interventions focusing on nutrition, smoking cessation and alcohol consumption could be targeted by sex

Resumo Introdução: Pacientes pediátricos com doença renal crônica (DRC) evoluem com distúrbios minerais e ósseos (DMO). Não dispomos de dados brasileiros que avaliem esses desfechos; que podem ser obtidos por meio de registros epidemiológicos. Objetivo: Apresentar o projeto DOMINÓ, cuja proposta é descrever as características da DMO-DRC em pacientes pediátricos brasileiros. Métodos: Coorte retrospectiva e prospectiva, multicêntrica, observacional. O estudo retrospectivo analisará os dados dos pacientes prevalentes em 2024 e o prospectivo, os dados a partir de 2025. Serão coletados dados demográficos, clínicos, laboratoriais, de imagem e da biópsia óssea de pacientes pediátricos com DMO-DRC < 18 anos com DRC estágios 3-5D e dos transplantados renais. Os Comitês de Ética dos centros participantes aprovaram o estudo. Discussão/conclusão: O estudo DOMINÓ permitirá conhecer a incidência, prevalência, morbidade, resultados dos tratamentos e mortalidade dessa doença pediátrica no Brasil. Análises futuras permitirão identificar preditores de resposta ao tratamento e melhorar os cuidados com esses pacientes. Introdução (DRC DMO. DMO . (DMO) desfechos epidemiológicos Objetivo DMODRC Métodos prospectiva multicêntrica observacional 202 prospectivo 2025 demográficos clínicos laboratoriais 1 35D D 3 5D renais Discussão/conclusão Discussãoconclusão Discussão conclusão incidência prevalência morbidade Brasil (DMO 20 2

Abstract Introduction: Pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develop mineral and bone disorders (MBD). We do not have Brazilian data that evaluate these outcomes, which can be obtained through epidemiological records. Objective: To present the DOMINÓ study, which aims to describe CKD-MBD characteristics in Brazilian pediatric patients. Methods: Retrospective and prospective, multicenter, observational cohort. The retrospective study will analyze data from prevalent patients in 2024, and the prospective study will analyze data from 2025 onwards. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, imaging, and bone biopsy data will be collected from pediatric patients with CKD-MBD < 18 years old with CKD stage 3-5D and kidney transplant recipients. The Ethics Committees of the participating centers approved the study. Discussion/conclusion: The DOMINÓ study will provide information on the incidence, prevalence, morbidity, treatment results, and mortality of this pediatric disease in Brazil. Future analyses will allow us to identify predictors of response to treatment and improve the care for these patients. Introduction (CKD MBD. MBD . (MBD) outcomes records Objective CKDMBD Methods multicenter cohort 2024 202 onwards Demographic clinical laboratory imaging 1 35D D 3 5D recipients Discussion/conclusion Discussionconclusion Discussion conclusion incidence prevalence morbidity results Brazil (MBD 20 2

RESUMO O período gestacional é caracterizado por alterações fisiológicas que acarretam desfechos que evoluem negativamente. A pandemia de covid-19 teve altas taxas de óbito em mulheres no mundo. Este estudo objetivou analisar as repercussões da pandemia de covid-19 no perfil epidemiológico da Mortalidade Materna. Trata-se de um estudo transversal comparativo entre os períodos anterior (2018-2019) e inicial da pandemia de covid-19 (2020-2021). Os dados foram coletados da base da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Mato Grosso do Sul e analisados no R-Studio. Foram analisadas 118 mortes maternas. 51 ocorreram entre 2018-2019 e 67 entre 2020-2021. A razão de Mortalidade Materna passou de 57,97 para 80,25. Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos aumentaram de 1774,41 para 2237,34. Puérperas tiveram elevadas taxas de mortalidade. A doença respiratória teve razão de prevalência de 2,18 (IC=1,34-3,52) para o período de 2020-2021, quando comparado com 2018-2019. Os resultados evidenciam a vulnerabilidade das mulheres no ciclo gravídico puerperal às doenças com alto contágio e com virulência elevada, como a covid-19. A ampliação de acesso ocasiona prevenção de óbitos evitáveis, que desencadeiam repercussões sociais e econômicas negativas para toda a população.

ABSTRACT The gestational period is characterized by physiological changes that lead to outcomes that evolve negatively. The COVID-19 pandemic had high death rates in women worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiological profile of maternal mortality. This is a cross-sectional study comparing the previous (2018-2019) and initial periods of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021). Data were collected from the base of the Mato Grosso do Sul State Health Secretariat and analyzed in R-Studio. 118 maternal deaths were analyzed. 51 occurred between 2018-2019 and 67 between 2020-2021. The Maternal Mortality ratio increased from. 57.97 to 80.25. Potential Years of Life Lost increased from 1774.41 to 2237.34. Postpartum women had high mortality rates. Respiratory disease had a prevalence ratio of 2.18 (CI=1.34-3.52) for the 2020-2021 period, when compared to 2018-2019. The results show the vulnerability of women in the puerperal pregnancy cycle to diseases with high contagion and high virulence, such as COVID-19. The expansion of access leads to the prevention of avoidable deaths, which trigger negative social and economic repercussions for the entire population.

RESUMO O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da implementação do apoio matricial na manutenção do vínculo com a atenção primária entre usuários de serviços especializados de saúde mental em um município paulista. Foi realizado um estudo longitudinal retrospectivo com usuários da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, com dois pontos de medição: T0 (n=341) de agosto a setembro de 2019 e T1 (n=288) de janeiro a fevereiro de 2022. As associações entre o desfecho e as covariáveis foram analisadas por meio do teste de chi-quadrado, considerando p-valor < 0,05 como significante. Os resultados mostraram um aumento na prevalência de usuários que mantiveram o vínculo com a atenção primária, de 56,9% em T0 para 67,1% em T1, sugerindo que o apoio matricial fortalece a continuidade do cuidado. Usuários encaminhados pela atenção primária ou ambulatórios apresentaram taxas mais altas de manutenção do vínculo em comparação com aqueles referidos por serviços privados ou hospitalares. A prevalência foi também maior entre indivíduos que receberam cuidados de saúde mental na atenção primária ou visitas de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde, destacando a importância desses profissionais na integração do cuidado.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the impact of the implementation of matrix support on maintaining the link with primary care among users of specialized mental health services in a municipality in São Paulo. A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted with users from the Psychosocial Care Network, with two measurement points: T0 (n=341) from August to September 2019 and T1 (n=288) from January to February 2022. Associations between the outcome and covariates were analyzed using the chi-square test, with a p-value < 0.05 considered significant. The results showed an increase in the prevalence of users who maintained the link with primary care, from 56.9% at T0 to 67.1% at T1, suggesting that matrix support strengthens continuity of care. Users referred by primary care or outpatient clinics had higher rates of maintaining the link compared to those referred by private or hospital services. The prevalence was also higher among individuals who received mental health care in primary care or visits from Community Health Agents, highlighting the importance of these professionals in care integration.

BACKGROUND. The occurrence of abortion-related morbidity indicates limited access to safe abortion. Globally, unsafe abortions remain a persistent, yet preventable, cause of maternal mortality. South Africa (SA) is internationally recognised for its progressive reproductive rights framework, supported by its Constitution and laws. However, evidence suggests that women encounter barriers to accessing safe abortions, including stigma, resistance from healthcare providers, a shortage of trained professionals and a lack of awareness of their rights. We hypothesised that, 20 years after the promulgation of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, the incidence of incomplete abortion (ICA) and the prevalence of abortion-related morbidity would change, influenced by access to safe abortion and the introduction of medication abortion. We wanted to compare our data with 2000 and 1994 survey results to assess change. OBJECTIVES. To estimate the incidence of incomplete abortion and describe the prevalence of abortion-related morbidity in SA public hospitals in 2018. METHODS. This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study. We selected a stratified random sample of public hospitals. We extracted data from medical records of women who presented with ICA during a predetermined 21-day period in 2018. Data were captured directly into a REDCap database. To estimate the national incidence of ICA, we used population estimates for 2018, comprising 17 199 227 women aged 12 - 49 years, and 1 200 436 live births. The prevalence of ICA morbidity is reported. We compared the rates in this study with those reported from similar studies in 2000 and 1994. RESULTS. We found 913 medical records of women presenting with ICA in the 56 public hospitals. ICA incidence was 367 (274 - 459) per 100 000 women aged 12 - 49 years. The average age of the women was 27 years, and the majority had a previous pregnancy before the ICA. A large proportion (73.9%) of women were in the first trimester. There was no sign of infection in 92.5% of records, no organ failure in 99.1% of records and there were no deaths. There was no change in the ICA incidence when compared with the 1994 and 2000 results. Women's mean age and having a previous pregnancy were similar in the three studies (1994, 2000 and 2018). The proportion of women presenting in the first trimester increased over time: 60.5% in 1994, 67.1% in 2000 and 73.9% in 2018. There has been a decline in the prevalence of abortion-related morbidity, demonstrated by lower levels of severity, no signs of infections and no organ failure. CONCLUSION. ICA incidence has not changed, but related morbidity is declining. Various factors could explain our findings, but the lack of change in ICA incidence indicates that access to formal abortion care has not improved over the past 20 years.