Resumen: Las Reservas Ecológicas, son la base primordial para la subsistencia de la biodiversidad, desempeñan funciones cruciales para el mantenimiento de los ecosistemas, especialmente, en la preservación de los servicios ecosistémicos de regulación del clima y suministro de agua. Determinar la capacidad de acumulación del COS en tres ecosistemas de la Reserva Ecológica Arenillas (REAR) y la influencia que tienen con los factores de profundidad y el tipo de suelo, fue el objetivo de la investigación. Se partió de la hipótesis que dichos factores ejercen un efecto sobre las propiedades físicas-químicas del suelo, provocando la variabilidad del carbono. Se establecieron 14 unidades de muestreo para los tres ecosistemas; 1) Intervenido, 2) Bosque deciduo y 3) Bosque arbustal deciduo, se extrajo de cada unidad dos muestras de suelo a profundidades de (0-10 y 10-30 cm), dando un total de 28 muestras. Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas entre los tres tipos de ecosistemas, permitiendo afirmar que, en la REAR, el contenido de COS es mayor en el ecosistema de Bosque deciduo, que en los denominados Bosque arbustal deciduo y la zona Intervenida. Así mismo, los suelos del tipo Alfisol y Entisol en el Bosque deciduo presentaron la mayor capacidad de almacenamiento de COS, siendo la capa superficial la de mayor acumulación en los tres ecosistemas. Se concluyó que las bajas precipitaciones, el aumento de la temperatura y la esporádica vegetación producida por actividades antrópicas, afectan el almacenamiento de COS, limitando la prestación de servicios ecosistémicos relacionados con la captura de carbono edáfico.

Abstract: Ecological Reserves are the primary basis for the subsistence of biodiversity, they play crucial roles in the maintenance of ecosystems, especially in the preservation of ecosystem services of climate regulation and water supply. The objective of the research was to determine the accumulation capacity of COS in three ecosystems of the Arenillas Ecological Reserve (REAR) and the influence of depth factors and soil type. It was hypothesized that these factors exert an effect on the physical-chemical properties of the soil, causing carbon variability. Fourteen sampling units were established for the three ecosystems; 1) Intervened, 2) Deciduous Forest and 3) Deciduous shrub forest, two soil samples were extracted from each unit at depths of (0-10 and 10-30 cm), giving a total of 28 samples. The results revealed significant differences between the three types of ecosystems, allowing us to affirm that, in the REAR, the COS content is higher in the deciduous forest ecosystem than in the deciduous shrub forest and the Intermediate zone. Likewise, Alfisol and Entisol soils in the deciduous forest had the highest COS storage capacity, being the surface layer the one with the highest accumulation in the three ecosystems. It was concluded that low precipitation, increased temperature and sporadic vegetation produced by anthropic activities affect COS storage, limiting the provision of ecosystem services related to soil carbon sequestration.

Abstract Introduction CyberKnife (CK) radiosurgery is a treatment strategy for vestibular schwannoma (VS). Objectives To evaluate hearing preservation (HP) after CK for VS. Data Synthesis The study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, and it was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, under number CRD42021250300). The inclusion criteria were based on the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, timing and study design (PICOTS) strategy: population – patients with VS; intervention – CK; Comparison – none; Outcome – serviceable HP defined by Gardner and Robertson as grades I or II, or by the American Academy of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery as classes A or B; timing – mean follow-up longer than 1 year; and study design – retrospective or prospective studies. The exclusion criteria were: studies not published in English; studies published before January 2000 and after October 2021; and studies only including patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 or submitted to a previous treatment. The PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and IBECS databases were used and last searched on October 27th, 2021. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. The appraisal checklist was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. A total of 222 studies were analyzed, and 13 were included in the synthesis, which represents 493 participants with serviceable hearing before intervention. The mean HP rate after CK using a random effects model was of 68% (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 59–76%) at a mean follow-up of 42.96 months. Conclusion The longer follow-up period was associated with a lower HP rate after CK radiosurgery for VS in the qualitative synthesis. (CK . (VS) (HP MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses PRISMA (PRISMA statement PROSPERO, PROSPERO (PROSPERO CRD42021250300. CRD42021250300 CRD CRD42021250300) comparison outcome PICOTS (PICOTS none II B followup follow up year English 200 2021 PubMedMEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE PubMed/MEDLINE EMBASE Science Library LILACS 27th th statistics 22 analyzed synthesis 49 68 95% 95 (95 95%CI 95CI CI [95%CI] 59–76% 5976 59 76 4296 42 96 42.9 months (VS CRD4202125030 20 202 4 6 9 (9 [95%CI 59–76 597 5 7 429 42. CRD420212503 ( 59–7 CRD42021250 59– CRD4202125 CRD420212 CRD42021 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

ABSTRACT The present study aims to analyze pottery as a cultural manifestation of the Huancas community. For this purpose, data were collected in situ on the characteristics of Huancas pottery: forms, techniques and ornamental motifs, highlighting the tradition and cultural identity they express. This is basic descriptive research, which used a questionnaire as an instrument to collect information from a sample of 35 people linked to the pottery activity in the community of Huancas. This study aims to analyze pottery as a cultural manifestation within the community of Huancas. The results revealed that pottery in this community constitutes a fundamental element of women's cultural heritage, transmitted from generation to generation. Notably, 59% of the craftswomen acquire their knowledge from their mothers, while 13% inherit it from their grandmothers, highlighting the relevant contribution of the female gender to the continuity of this craft tradition. The ceramic objects produced are mostly utilitarian, including pots, flowerpots and vases, as well as the so-called "chochos", large vessels for storing water or guarapo. Beyond its role in affirming cultural identity, Huancas pottery also acts as a driver of tourism, fostering local economic development and the preservation of cultural heritage. This study underlines the need for an integral management to guarantee the preservation and sustainable promotion of the pottery activity in Huancas, positioning it as an attractive tourist destination for the benefit of the community.

RESUMEN Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la alfarería como manifestación cultural de la comunidad de Huancas. Se recogieron datos in situ sobre las características de la cerámica Huancas: formas, técnicas y motivos ornamentales, destacando la tradición y la identidad cultural que expresan. Se trata de una investigación básica de tipo descriptivo, que empleó el cuestionario como instrumento de recolección de información a una muestra de 35 personas vinculadas a la actividad alfarera en la comunidad de Huancas. Los resultados revelaron que la alfarería en esta comunidad constituye un elemento fundamental del patrimonio cultural femenino, transmitido de generación en generación. Notablemente, el 59% de las artesanas adquieren sus conocimientos de sus progenitoras, mientras que un 13% los heredan de sus abuelas, destacando la relevante contribución del género femenino a la continuidad de esta tradición artesanal. Los objetos cerámicos producidos son mayormente utilitarios, incluyendo ollas, macetas y floreros, así como los denominados "chochos", grandes vasijas para almacenar agua o guarapo. Más allá de su función en la afirmación de la identidad cultural, la alfarería de Huancas también actúa como un impulsor del turismo, fomentando el desarrollo económico local y la preservación del patrimonio cultural. Este estudio subraya la necesidad de una gestión integral para garantizar la preservación y promoción sostenible de la actividad alfarera en Huancas, posicionándola como un atractivo destino turístico en beneficio de la comunidad.

ABSTRACT Background Robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We present an alternative technique that preserves the complete mesenteric vascularization during the isolation of the intestinal segment used in ICUD, including distal vessels. This approach aims to minimize the risk of ischemia in both the ileal anastomosis and the isolated loop at the diversion site. Methods This cohort study included 31 patients, both male and female, who underwent RARC with ICUD from February 2018 to November 2023, performed by a single surgeon. Intraoperative and postoperative complications data were retrieved for analysis, employing our proposed mesentery-sparing technique in all cases. The primary endpoint was the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications directly attributable to the mesentery-sparing approach in ICUD. Secondary endpoints included other postoperative variables not directly related to mesentery preservation, such as the incidence of postoperative ileus requiring parenteral nutrition and the duration of hospitalization. Results None of the patients experienced intraoperative or postoperative complications directly related to mesentery-sparing, such as intestinal fistulae or internal hernias. The median duration of hospitalization was 6 days, and postoperative ileus necessitating total parenteral nutrition occurred in 19% of the patients. Minor complications (Clavien–Dindo grades I-II) accounted for 27.6% of the cases and major complications (grades III-V) accounted for 20.6%. Conclusion The mesentery-sparing technique outlined herein offers an alternative method for preserving the vascularization of intestinal segments and reducing the risk of intestinal complications in ICUD during RARC. Roboticassisted Robotic assisted (RARC (ICUD mortality vessels site 3 female 201 2023 surgeon analysis mesenterysparing sparing preservation mesenterysparing, sparing, hernias days 19 Clavien–Dindo ClavienDindo Clavien Dindo III I II I-II 276 27 27.6 IIIV V III-V 206 20 20.6% 202 1 2 27. 20.6 20.

ABSTRACT Afro-Ecuadorian dance is a bond of connection with ancestors and identity, and provides an education in movement that facilitates, in turn, the development of educational values around the treatment of the body; this favors motivation towards the practice of continued physical activity. The objective of the research lies in proposing Afro-Ecuadorian dance as a methodological alternative for the inclusion of students with hyperactivity and is contextualized in the tenth grade, with a total of 35 students, and a sample of a student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, from the Higher Basic School “José Otilio Ramírez Reina” Educational Unit, province of Esmeraldas in Ecuador. The study was based on a quantitative-qualitative approach and the dialectical-materialist method; methods from the theoretical level such as historical-logical and analysis-synthesis and from the empirical level, documentary analysis, observation and survey, were used to interpret the derivations obtained in each stage that went from the exploratory, descriptive level, until reaching an explanation of the phenomenon investigated. The results reveal the insufficient recognition of Afro-Ecuadorian dance for the inclusion of students with this disorder, as well as the limited scientific production related to the topic. From the study carried out, it was concluded that Afro-Ecuadorian dance constitutes an expeditious route for better knowledge, enjoyment and preservation of identity in these students.

RESUMO Reconhece-se que a dança afro-equatoriana é um vínculo de ligação com os ancestrais e a identidade, e proporciona uma educação em movimento que facilita, por sua vez, o desenvolvimento de valores educativos em torno do tratamento do corpo; Isso favorece a motivação para a prática de atividade física continuada. O objetivo da pesquisa consiste em propor a dança afro-equatoriana como alternativa metodológica para a inclusão de alunos com hiperatividade e está contextualizada no décimo ano, com um total de 35 alunos, e uma amostra de um aluno com transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade, da Escola Básica Superior da Unidade Educacional “José Otilio Ramírez Reina”, província de Esmeraldas no Equador. O estudo baseou-se na abordagem quanti-qualitativa e no método dialético-materialista; Métodos do nível teórico como histórico-lógico e análise-síntese e do nível empírico, análise documental, observação e levantamento, foram utilizados para interpretar as derivações obtidas em cada etapa que passou do nível exploratório, descritivo, até chegar a uma explicação do fenômeno investigado. Os resultados revelam o insuficiente reconhecimento da dança afro-equatoriana para a inclusão de alunos com esse transtorno, bem como a limitada produção científica relacionada ao tema. Do estudo realizado concluiu-se que a dança afro-equatoriana constitui um caminho expedito para um melhor conhecimento, diversão e preservação da identidade destes alunos.

RESUMEN Se reconoce que la danza afroecuatoriana es un lazo de conexión con los ancestros y la identidad, y aporta una educación del movimiento que facilita, a su vez, el desarrollo de valores educativos en torno al tratamiento del cuerpo; ello favorece la motivación hacia la práctica de la actividad física continuada. El objetivo de la investigación radica en proponer la danza afroecuatoriana como una alternativa metodológica para la inclusión de estudiantes con hiperactividad y se contextualiza en décimo año, con un total de 35 estudiantes, y una muestra de un estudiante con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad, de la Básica Superior de la Unidad Educativa “José Otilio Ramírez Reina”, provincia de Esmeraldas en Ecuador. El estudio, se sustentó en un enfoque cuantitativo-cualitativo y el método dialectico-materialista; se emplearon métodos del nivel teórico como el histórico-lógico y el análisis-síntesis y del nivel empírico el análisis documental, la observación y la encuesta, para interpretar las derivaciones obtenidas en cada etapa que transitó desde el nivel exploratorio, descriptivo, hasta llegar a una explicación del fenómeno investigado. Los resultados revelan el insuficiente reconocimiento de la danza afroecuatoriana para la inclusión de estudiantes con este trastorno, así como la escasa producción científica relacionada con la temática. Del estudio realizado se concluyó que la danza afroecuatoriana constituye una vía expedita para un mejor conocimiento, disfrute y preservación de la identidad, en estos estudiantes.

Abstract Agribusiness, a cornerstone of Brazil’s economic sectors, wields considerable political clout through entities like the Frente Parlamentar da Agropecuária (Parliamentary Agricultural Front; FPA), a potent force in the country’s Congress and appears to be the main driver of the anti-environmental lobby. The FPA sought to influence labour, land and tax legislation and was an important ally of Jair Bolsonaro’s administration, aligning closely with the former president’s agenda of environmental deregulation, which mirrored the economic priorities of agribusiness interests. However, the imperative to maintain a favourable public perception of the agricultural sector is evident in various communication strategies, including the deployment of paid advertisements on online platforms. In this sense, the objective of this research is to scrutinise the potential presence of greenwashing and/or disinformation within the 158 advertisements disseminated by the FPA on Facebook and Instagram throughout 2023. Using Meta’s Ad Library interface, we collected the advertisements and employed three complementary analytical approaches. These methodologies enabled us to identify and interpret the discursive tactics employed by the FPA to “enhance the image of agriculture”: automatic word counting and cooccurrence analysis, content analysis and discourse analysis. The advertisements analysed show that Brazilian agribusiness uses sustainability as a form of greenwashing and disinformation in its online communication efforts. The FPA’s digital advertising uses these discursive strategies to vilify social movements advocating for land reform and instigate fear regarding legal uncertainties surrounding property rights. Our findings indicate that these advertisements advocate for the preservation of the current socio-economic landscape in the Brazilian rural area while propagating denialism regarding the environmental impacts of agribusiness.

Resumo O agronegócio, um dos principais setores econômicos do Brasil, compõe uma das mais poderosas forças políticas no congresso do país, a Frente Parlamentar da Agropecuária (FPA), e aparece como o principal impulsionador do lobby anti-ambiental. A FPA busca incidir sobre a legislação trabalhista, fundiária e tributária e foi uma importante aliada do Governo de Jair Bolsonaro, uma vez que a agenda de desmonte ambiental do ex-presidente ia ao encontro dos interesses econômicos do agronegócio. No entanto, a necessidade de garantir uma imagem positiva do setor se reflete em diversas estratégias de comunicação, inclusive na veiculação de anúncios pagos nas plataformas online. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa pretende analisar a possível presença de greenwashing e/ou desinformação nos 158 anúncios publicados pela FPA no Facebook e Instagram durante o ano de 2023. Após coletarmos os anúncios na interface da Biblioteca de Anúncios da Meta, adotamos três abordagens complementares de análise que nos permitiram identificar e interpretar as estratégias discursivas empregadas pela FPA para “melhorar a imagem do agro”: contagem automática de palavras e análise de coocorrência entre elas, análise de conteúdo e análise de discurso. Nos anúncios analisados, a sustentabilidade é instrumentalizada pelo agronegócio brasileiro como greenwashing e desinformação em sua comunicação publicitária online. Essas estratégias discursivas são utilizadas na publicidade digital da FPA para criminalizar os movimentos sociais que lutam por uma reforma agrária e para disseminar pânico sobre inseguranças jurídicas relacionadas ao direito à propriedade. De uma forma geral, nossos resultados mostram que os anúncios defendem a necessidade de manutenção do status quo das relações socioeconômicas no campo brasileiro e promovem negacionismo em relação aos impactos ambientais do agronegócio.

ABSTRACT The ancestral use of essential oils, obtained from various parts of plants, encompasses a wide range of purposes, including medicinal, flavoring, preserving, and aromatic uses. This research focused on conducting a comprehensive literature review on the use of essential oils in the sausage industry. A descriptive, inductive, and analytical approach was adopted, drawing on a variety of sources such as books, journals, technical regulations, theses, and scientific articles. The results of this study revealed that, out of the 92 technical documents (articles and theses) initially selected, 24 were excluded due to their age, leaving a total of 68 articles for the preparation of the technical document. Additionally, 21 documents were identified that provided specific information on the components and effects of essential oils in sausage manufacturing. In conclusion, it is highlighted that essential oils extracted from various plants, such as clove, rosemary, oregano, thyme, among others, have demonstrated their ability to prolong the shelf life of sausages by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and preventing lipid oxidation. Furthermore, it was observed that the application of these essential oils not only contributes to the preservation of meat products but also improves their organoleptic properties by imparting distinctive flavors and aromas.

RESUMEN El empleo ancestral de aceites esenciales, obtenidos de diversas partes de las plantas, abarca una amplia gama de propósitos, incluyendo usos medicinales, condimentarios, conservantes y aromatizantes. Esta investigación se centró en realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre el uso de aceites esenciales en la industria de embutidos. Se adoptó un enfoque descriptivo, inductivo y analítico, recurriendo a una diversidad de fuentes como libros, revistas, normativas técnicas, tesis y artículos científicos. Los resultados de este estudio revelaron que, de los 92 documentos técnicos (artículos y tesis) inicialmente seleccionados, 24 fueron excluidos debido a su antigüedad, dejando un total de 68 artículos para la elaboración del documento técnico. Además, se identificaron 21 documentos que proporcionaron información específica sobre los componentes y efectos de los aceites esenciales en la fabricación de embutidos. Como conclusión, se destaca que los aceites esenciales extraídos de diversas plantas, como clavo, romero, orégano, tomillo, entre otros, han demostrado su capacidad para prolongar la vida útil de los embutidos al inhibir el crecimiento de microorganismos patógenos y prevenir la oxidación lipídica. Además, se observó que la aplicación de estos aceites esenciales no solo contribuye a la conservación de los productos cárnicos, sino que también mejora sus propiedades organolépticas al conferirles sabores y aromas distintivos.

Abstract The IV Belém Summit in Pará, Brazil, held in August 2023, brought together the leaders of the member countries of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (OTCA) to discuss a new sustainable agenda for the region. The Amazon was the focus of attention due to its global importance as the largest watershed and the most extensive and diverse tropical forest on the planet. The Summit highlighted the importance of strengthening OTCA as the only intergovernmental coordination mechanism to implement the agreed presidential agenda. The Belém Declaration established priorities for effective regional cooperation, including sustainability, environmental preservation, and inclusive development. The challenges to be faced include the efficient management of OTCA, the improvement of governance and positioning as a center for regional and international technical and political cooperation. The successful implementation of the agreed agenda will require the commitment of the Amazon countries and the active participation of all stakeholders, especially indigenous peoples and local communities.

Resumen La IV Cumbre de Belém de Pará, Brasil, celebrada en agosto de 2023, reunió a personas líderes de los países integrantes de la Organización del Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica (OTCA), con el fin de discutir una nueva agenda sostenible para la región. La Amazonía fue el centro de atención debido a su importancia mundial como la cuenca hidrográfica más vasta y el bosque tropical más extenso y diverso del planeta. La Cumbre destacó la importancia de fortalecer la OTCA, como el único mecanismo intergubernamental de coordinación para implementar la agenda presidencial acordada. La Declaración de Belém estableció prioridades para una cooperación regional efectiva, incluyendo la sostenibilidad, la preservación ambiental y el desarrollo inclusivo. Los retos por enfrentar incluyen la gestión eficiente de la OTCA, la mejora de la gobernanza y el posicionamiento como un centro de cooperación técnica y política regional e internacional. La implementación exitosa de la agenda acordada requerirá el compromiso de los países amazónicos y la participación activa de todas las partes interesadas, especialmente, los pueblos indígenas y las comunidades locales.

Abstract Environmental ethics focuses on human responsibility towards the environment, especially due to the current abuse of natural resources. This relationship has caused serious impacts on the environment and human life, pointing out the need for a genuine and practical change for humanity to assume its responsibility in the preservation of the environment. By considering the theological-philosophical points of view presented by Pope Francis and Hans Jonas’ ethical proposal for the technological era, this study seeks to merge both ideas to promote biodiversity. This implies recognizing the role of the human being as a responsible steward, promoting an ethic that orients towards the future, while maintaining respect for the position of the human being as guardian of the ecosystem and its biological diversity.

RESUMEN La ética ambiental se enfoca en la responsabilidad humana hacia el entorno, especialmente debido al abuso de los recursos naturales en la actualidad. Esta relación ha causado impactos graves en el medio ambiente y en la vida humana, señalando la necesidad de un cambio genuino y práctico para que la humanidad asuma su responsabilidad en la preservación del entorno. Al considerar los puntos de vista teológico-filosóficos presentados por el papa Francisco y la propuesta ética de Hans Jonas para la era tecnológica, se busca en este estudio fusionar ambas ideas para lograr que fomenten la biodiversidad. Esto implica reconocer el papel del ser humano como administrador responsable, promoviendo una ética que oriente hacia el futuro, manteniendo el respeto por la posición del ser humano como guardián del ecosistema y su diversidad biológica.

Abstract: This study presents the importance of the Research Ethics Committees (CEP) in the context of the Brazilian North Region, formed by the Amazon rainforest, which is occupied by traditional populations and those constituted by migratory currents. This study aims to analyze the bioethical implications arising from the activities of CEPs in the ethical evaluation of research projects and their essential role in protecting vulnerable populations. The authors seek to highlight the importance of ethics committees in the Amazon and their importance face the modern bioethical values that can contribute to the preservation of one of the most valuable and diverse environments on earth.

Resumo: Esse estudo apresenta a importância dos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa (CEPs) no contexto da Região Norte Brasileira, formada pela floresta amazônica e ocupada por populações tradicionais e aquelas constituídas por correntes migratórias. Esse estudo objetiva analisar as implicações bioéticas que surgem das atividades dos CEPs na avaliação ética de projetos de pesquisa e seu papel fundamental em proteger populações vulneráveis. Os autores procuram enfatizar a importância dos comitês de ética na Amazônia e sua importância face a valores bioéticos modernos, que podem contribuir para a preservação de um dos mais valiosos e diversos ambientes na terra.

Resumen: Este estudio presenta la importancia de los comités de ética en investigación (CEP) en el contexto de la Región Norte de Brasil, formada por la selva amazónica, ocupada por poblaciones tradicionales y constituida por corrientes migratorias. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las implicaciones bioéticas derivadas de las actividades de los CEP en la evaluación ética de los proyectos de investigación y su papel esencial en la protección de las poblaciones vulnerables. Los autores buscan destacar la importancia de los comités de ética en la Amazonia y su importancia frente a los valores bioéticos modernos que pueden contribuir a la preservación de uno de los ambientes más valiosos y diversos del planeta.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las setas, son organismos eucariotas con una estructura simple de hifas, desarrollándose en diversas condiciones gracias a sus bajos requerimientos nutricionales. Desempeñan roles cruciales en los ecosistemas, como la descomposición de materia orgánica y simbiosis con plantas. Existen alrededor de 2.1679 especies de macrohongos descritas globalmente, y en Ecuador se estima unas 144 783 especies. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la historia de los hongos comestibles con un énfasis especial en Ecuador evaluando la situación actual. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de literatura en bases de datos académicas sobre el uso de macrohongos desde 2004 hasta 2024. Se seleccionaron estudios relevantes tras evaluar títulos y resúmenes. Resultados: Los hongos han existido por millones de años, con registros fósiles del Devónico y Cretácico. Su consumo humano data del Paleolítico Superior, evidenciado en cálculos dentales de la “Dama Roja” en España. La aculturación tras la conquista española limitó el uso de hongos, aunque su uso persiste en comunidades indígenas contemporáneas. La micología ecuatoriana aún es un campo emergente, con estudios limitados sobre especies usadas por comunidades indígenas. Especies encontradas en Ecuador han sido estudiadas extensamente en Asia, donde se reconocen por sus propiedades medicinales y aplicaciones industriales. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos indican que los hongos identificados y recolectados en comunidades indígenas ecuatorianas podrían tener aplicaciones significativas en varios campos por lo que su preservación e identificación no son solo importantes por ser parte del patrimonio de las comunidades indígenas sino también para el desarrollo nuevas aplicaciones científicas y comerciales.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Mushrooms are eukaryotic organisms with a simple structure of hyphae, capable to live in different conditions due to their low nutritional requirements. They play crucial roles in ecosystems, such as decomposing organic matter and symbiosis with plants. Globally, there are around 21 679 described species of macrofungi, and in Ecuador, the estimated presence is around 144 783 species. Materials and Methods: An exhaustive literature review was conducted on academic databases regarding the use of macrofungi from 2004 to 2024. Relevant studies were selected after evaluating titles and abstracts. Results: Mushrooms have existed for millions of years, with fossil records dating back to the Devonian and Cretaceous periods. Human consumption dates back to the Upper Paleolithic, evidenced by dental calculus from the “Red Lady” in Spain. The Colonial period limited mushroom use, although practices persist in contemporary indigenous communities. Modern Ecuadorian mycology is still an emerging field, with limited studies on species used by indigenous communities. Many species found in Ecuador have been extensively studied in Asia, where they are recognized for their medicinal properties and industrial applications. Conclusions: These findings indicate that mushrooms identified and collected in indigenous communities in Ecuador could have significant applications in various fields. Therefore, their preservation and identification are not only important for being part of the heritage of indigenous communities but also for the development of new scientific and commercial applications.

Abstract This article presents research on how linguistic markers of the plural of modesty are used in 18 text excerpts published in culture and literature magazines in Brazil and Portugal to attenuate authorial presence. The analysis adopted a mainly qualitative perspective, theoretically based on studies from different branches of Linguistics and Pragmatics, and also provided descriptive statistical analysis. The analysis shows that in all occurrences in the corpus, both in Brazilian Portuguese and European Portuguese, the Pluralis modestiae is associated with the suppression of the first-person pronoun “nós” (we), a combination that amplifies the sense of mitigation, related to four uses: a) credibility anchored to the illusion of neutrality and convention of academic and journalistic spheres; b) discourse structuring; c) politeness and softening of imperative content; and d) preservation of face in the face of a controversial topic.

Resumo Apresenta-se, neste artigo, pesquisa sobre como marcas linguísticas do plural de modéstia são mobilizadas, em recortes de 18 textos, publicados em revistas de cultura e literatura, no Brasil e em Portugal, de modo a atenuar a presença autoral. Para as análises, adotou-se, principalmente, a perspectiva qualitativa, embasada teoricamente em estudos de diferentes vertentes da Linguística e da Pragmática, e que também proporcionou a análise estatística descritiva. As análises evidenciam que, em todas as ocorrências do corpus, tanto no português brasileiro quanto no português europeu, o plural de modéstia está associado à supressão do pronome pessoal do caso reto “nós”, combinação que amplia o sentido de mitigação, relacionada a quatro usos: a) credibilidade ancorada à ilusão de neutralidade e convenção das esferas acadêmica e jornalística; b) estruturação do discurso; c) polidez e suavização de conteúdos impositivos; e d) preservação da face diante de um tema polêmico.

RESUMEN El artículo propone una reflexión teórica -apoyada en antecedentes empíricos- que busca pensar las tensiones reconocibles en torno al trabajo con objetos y archivos digitales en la actualidad. Se parte de dos interrogantes: en primer término, ¿cómo dar cuenta del impacto de la digitalización en las prácticas de archivo que involucran formas específicas de clasificación, conservación, acceso y desecho de los objetos culturales? En segundo lugar, ¿cómo pensar la naturaleza de los objetos y archivos que nacen digitales y para circular en red? A partir de dichos interrogantes, el artículo aborda dos dimensiones de análisis: por un lado, el recorrido de investigación atravesado en torno a la producción de artistas, escritores e intelectuales; por el otro, las mutaciones que funden el problema posmoderno del archivo con el campo de la comunicación, los medios y las redes de información. La reflexión, entre teoría y prácticas, lleva a indagar la naturaleza de los objetos digitales en red, las formas actuales de producir y hacer circular conocimientos, y los cambios en los modos de registro e intervención documental.

ABSTRACT The article proposes a theoretical reflection -supported by empirical background- that seeks to think about the recognisable tensions around working with digital objects and archives today. Is based on two questions: firstly, how to account for the impact of digitisation on archival practices that involve specific forms of classification, preservation, access and disposal of cultural objects? Secondly, how to think about the nature of objects and archives that are born digital and networked? On the basis of these questions, the article addresses two dimensions of analysis: on the one hand, the research route traversed around the production of artists, writers and intellectuals; on the other hand, the mutations that merge the postmodern problem of the archive with the field of communication, the media and information networks. The reflection, between theory and practice, leads to an investigation of the nature of networked digital objects, the current forms of producing and circulating knowledge, and the changes in the modes of recording and documentary intervention.

RESUMO O artigo propõe uma reflexão teórica -apoiada em fundamentação empírica- que busca pensar sobre as tensões reconhecíveis acerca do trabalho com objetos e arquivos digitais hoje. Parte de duas questões: em primeiro lugar, como explicar o impacto da digitalização nas práticas de arquivo que envolvem formas específicas de classificação, conservação, acesso e descarte de objetos culturais? Em segundo lugar, como pensar a natureza dos objetos e arquivos que nascem digitais e circulam na rede? A partir dessas questões, o artigo aborda duas dimensões de análise: 1. O percurso de pesquisa atravessado acerca da produção de artistas, escritores e intelectuais; 2. As mutações que fundem o problema pós-moderno do arquivo com o campo da comunicação, os meios de comunicação e as redes de informação. A reflexão, entre teoria e práticas, leva a investigar a natureza dos objetos digitais em rede, as formas atuais de produção e circulação de conhecimento e as mudanças nos modos de registro e intervenção documental.

Resumen El Repositorio Nacional de Materiales Orales consiste en una base de datos electrónica y una serie de interfaces de captura y consulta de información en línea. En este trabajo se abordarán los antecedentes del Repositorio con las discusiones teóricas y prácticas que permitieron su elaboración. También se presentará una breve revisión de su desarrollo y se tratarán algunos aspectos vinculados a su funcionalidad.

Abstract The National Repository of Oral Materials is an electronic database and a series of interfaces for capturing and consulting information online. In this work the antecedents of the Repository will be approached with the theoretical and practical discussions that allowed its elaboration. A brief review of its development will also be presented, and some aspects related to its functionality will be discussed.

Résumé Le Dépôt National de Documents Oraux se compose d'une base de données électronique et d'une série d'interfaces de saisie et de consultation d'informations en ligne. Ce document aborde l'historique du dépôt et les discussions théoriques et pratiques qui ont conduit à son développement. Il présentera également une brève revue de son développement et discutera de certains aspects liés à sa fonctionnalité.

RESUMO As hortas comunitárias inspiradas em modelos agroecológicos já são tendências nas cidades que buscam estimular ambientes positivos. Entre as possíveis estratégias, permitem integrar políticas que visam à erradicação da fome, a garantia de qualidade alimentar e o aumento da economia familiar. O presente estudo objetiva analisar os significados simbólicos e afetivos dos usuários diante de suas atividades nas hortas comunitárias urbanas. Foram 40 entrevistados com idade média entre 45 e 80 anos, por meio do Instrumento Gerador de Mapas Afetivos. A pesquisa foi realizada in loco e os participantes foram convidados a desenhar a horta e responder à entrevista. As imagens produzidas foram analisadas a partir de suas estruturas, sentimentos e sentidos. Constatou-se que as vivências nesses ambientes foram mediadas por sentimentos de agradabilidade, pertencimento e restauração. Entre os sentidos atribuídos, destacaram-se a conexão com a natureza e a interação social. Conclui-se que tais dimensões presentes nas hortas estudadas podem contribuir para a promoção da saúde, da sustentabilidade e a preservação ambiental.

ABSTRACT Community gardens inspired by agroecological models are trends in cities that seek to stimulate positive environments. Among the possible strategies, they allow us to integrate policies that aim to eradicate eradicate hunger, guarantee food quality and increase the family economy. This study aims to analyze the symbolic and emotional meanings of users during their activities in urban community gardens. There were 40 interviewees with average age between 45 and 80 years old, through the Affective Map Generator Instrument. The research was carried out on site and the participants were invited to develop the information and respond to the interview. The images produced are analyzed from their structures, feelings and senses. It is confirmed that experiences in these environments are mediated by feelings of pleasantness, belonging and restoration. Among the senses attributed, the connection with nature and social interaction stand out. It is concluded that these dimensions present in the studied gardens can contribute to the promotion of health, sustainability and environmental preservation.