Abstract Costa Rica has a housing deficit for its most vulnerable population. There is a lack of information and evaluation of possible construction systems for social interest housing that can improve indicators like scope, cost, quality and construction time in the early phases of a project. An evaluation was conducted with technical and impartial criterion on nine (9) construction systems for social housing, specifically for the activities of construction of foundations, walls and finishes, applying the Quality Function Deployment Matrix (QFD). The QFD Matrix transfers user requirements to production requirements using "What's" and "How's". The final ratings are based on a number of eight hundred and ten (810) results based on the variables for two study actors (the contractor and the user). For the contractor, the prefabricated concrete system consisting of columns and horizontal panels, that obtained the highest evaluation (236, 5), was the system with the best rating. For the user, concrete masonry system obtained the highest evaluation (196, 3). The results are not absolute; they vary on factors such as the market, regulations, social perception, among others. When a system obtains a better rating, it means that, for the variables considered, for its assigned importance and for the evaluated user, it is the most adequate. It cannot be concluded that, in absolute terms, that a system with a higher rating is better than the others.

Resumen Costa Rica tiene un déficit habitacional para su población más vulnerable. Se identifica una carencia de información y evaluación de posibles sistemas constructivos para vivienda de interés social que permita mejores resultados en factores como alcance, costo, calidad y tiempo de obra en las fases tempranas de un proyecto. Se realizó una evaluación con un criterio técnico e imparcial para nueve (9) sistemas constructivos para viviendas de interés social unifamiliares, específicamente para las actividades de construcción de cimentaciones, muros y acabados al aplicar la herramienta de matriz de Despliegue de Función de la Calidad (QFD). La Matriz QFD traslada los requerimientos del usuario a los de producción utilizando " Qués" y "Cómos". Las calificaciones finales se basan en una cantidad de ochocientos diez (810) resultados en función de las variables para dos actores de estudio (actor constructor y actor usuario). Respecto al actor constructor, el sistema de concreto con columnas y baldosas horizontales con un puntaje de 236,5, fue el sistema de mejor calificación. Para el actor usuario, el mejor sistema fue el de mampostería integral con un puntaje total de 196,3. Las cuantificaciones realizadas para cada sistema constructivo no son absolutas, dependen de factores como el mercado, normativas, percepción social, entre otras. Si un sistema obtiene mejor calificación quiere decir que, para las variables consideradas, su importancia asignada y el usuario evaluado, ese sería el mejor sistema constructivo, por lo tanto, no se debe interpretar que, en términos absolutos, un sistema con una mayor calificación es superior a los demás.

Abstract Alternative cementitious materials able to partially replace or supplement the use of Portland cement, such as geopolymers, are becoming increasingly attractive due to lower emissions of air pollutants during their production. In addition, coupling geopolymers with additive manufacturing technologies such as 3D printing can contribute to achieving some of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of settling housing issues. Additive manufacturing allows producing pre-fabricated building elements or even entire houses. However, enabling 3D printing using geopolymers requires understanding concepts of rheology, technology, and material sciences, such as different possibilities of formulations, rheological behavior, printing parameters, curing methods, reinforcement content, and fiber type. Cylindrical specimens were printed both with and without polypropylene fibers by controlling the geopolymer matrix formulation, printer displacement speed, mass percentage of fibers, and material flow through the printer’s extruder nozzle. cement production addition D SDG (SDG issues prefabricated pre fabricated houses However rheology technology sciences formulations behavior parameters methods content type formulation speed printers s nozzle

Abstract: In recent decades, rural housing has been transformed according to the new needs of its inhabitants, technological advances, and the media. This transformation has established a new relationship with the outside world that has influenced the inhabitants to appropriate the space differently. The research objective was to analyze the new popular rural housing in the municipality of Calpan. A questionnaire was applied to 121 people to obtain the information. The results show that the houses have 99 m2 of construction, have a built-up level (67.8%), all have a kitchen, bedrooms, and a spare bathroom, just over half have a dining room, and almost none count with a living room or study. Most houses have a high construction quality; adobe and tile were replaced by brick or block and concrete or prefabricated slab. Very few houses are overcrowded, and the Rural Popular Housing Quality Index was good. As for its external elements, they have a patio, and it was found that there is little space dedicated to agricultural activities. It is concluded that the idea of house has changed in response to external forces - demographic, social, economic, and technological.

Resumen: En las últimas décadas la vivienda rural se ha transformado de acuerdo con las nuevas necesidades de sus moradores, a los avances tecnológicos y a los medios de comunicación. Ello ha establecido una nueva relación con el exterior que ha influido a que se apropien del espacio de forma distinta. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la nueva vivienda popular rural en las comunidades de Calpan y Atzala en el municipio de Calpan. Para obtener la información se aplicó un cuestionario a 121 personas, cuyos resultados muestran que las viviendas tienen 99 m2 de construcción, tienen un nivel edificado (67,8%), contando todas con cocina, dormitorios y medio baño, teniendo poco más de la mitad comedor y casi ninguna sala o estudio. La mayoría de las casas tiene una alta calidad constructiva; el adobe y la teja fueron sustituidos por el ladrillo o block y la losa de concreto o prefabricada. Muy pocos hogares tienen hacinamiento y el Índice de Calidad de la Vivienda Popular Rural fue bueno. En cuanto a sus elementos externos, tienen un patio y se encontró que existe poco espacio dedicado a las actividades agropecuarias. Se concluye que la idea de casa ha cambiado en respuesta a fuerzas externas -demográficas, sociales, económicas y tecnológicas-.

Abstract: This work presents a sustainable panel elaboration for housing interiors through banana fiber and peanut shells gathered from crop residues, consolidated with a polyester resin binder. A material characterization process was defined by forming three prototypes with different dosages. The prototypes performed physical and mechanical tests following recommendations from previous research and the standards. The results obtained were favorable regarding thermal transmittance percentages, achieving an average resistance comparable to non-structural medium density particleboard (MDP). Performance comparisons were also established, which depict the potential of these prototypes to contribute to the building industry, including the development of thermally comfortable environments.

ABSTRACT: KPD residential buildings, although simple and discrete, are emblematic of Chile. Their story in this country starts with an earthquake and is intertwined with the antagonistic governments of Salvador Allende and Augusto Pinochet. These buildings have remained outside current thermal regulations, and have become part of an extensive built housing stock that need to be diagnosed in terms of energy, to align them with domestic thermal requirements and, in this way, improve the quality of life of their inhabitants and contribute to what Chile has already committed to in terms of carbon neutrality. This article presents a thermal comfort evaluation case study of a KPD residential building complex in the Metropolitan Region. Concretely, four buildings are analyzed, each with the same materials and distribution, but with different orientations. The evaluation methodology considered a three-fold approach: regulatory, labeling and subjective and involved their inhabitants in the diagnosis, who had constantly and inexplicably been marginalized in previous analyses of their own homes. The results show discrepancies between the residents’ perception and the comfort range used by the current energy rating system in Chile.

RESUMEN: Los edificios KPD son construcciones habitacionales sencillas y discretas, pero emblemáticas en Chile. Su recorrido histórico por este país inicia con un terremoto y se entrelaza con los antagónicos gobiernos de Salvador Allende y Augusto Pinochet. Estas construcciones han permanecido ajenas a las actualizaciones de la reglamentación térmica, pasando a formar parte del extenso parque habitacional construido que necesita ser diagnosticado energéticamente, para alinearlo a las exigencias térmicas nacionales y, de ese modo, mejorar la calidad de vida de sus habitantes y aportar a la carbono-neutralidad ya comprometida por Chile. Este artículo presenta un estudio de caso de evaluación de confort térmico en un conjunto habitacional de edificios KPD, ubicado en la Región Metropolitana. En concreto, se analizan cuatro edificios, idénticos en materialidad y distribución, pero con diferentes orientaciones. La metodología de evaluación consideró un triple enfoque: normativo, de etiquetado y subjetivo; e involucra a los habitantes en el diagnóstico, quienes constante e inexplicablemente, han quedado marginados en el análisis de sus propias viviendas. Los resultados del estudio han evidenciado discrepancias entre la percepción de los residentes y el rango de confort que utiliza la calificación energética nacional vigente.

Resumen En construcción de viviendas, las estructuras más eficientes para soportar las cargas provenientes de techumbres corresponden a las cerchas. Cuando se trata de fabricarlas con madera, un punto importante de estas son las uniones. Actualmente se ha introducido la utilización de placas metálicas dentadas para estas uniones, sin embargo, el mercado aún conoce poco de ellas y su posibilidad de utilización en casas. Por lo que, este estudio reporta un primer sondeo cualitativo por medio de una encuesta estratificada por público objetivo, del uso de cerchas de madera con placas metálicas dentadas fabricadas con madera de plantación en Costa Rica. Fue encontrado que el 100 % de los encuestados considera a la madera como un material viable para la construcción, por almacenar dióxido de carbono y ser un recurso renovable. Además, el 90 % de los encuestados, considera que la madera de las plantaciones nacionales es de buena calidad. Sin embargo, sólo un 28 % prefiere la utilización de las cerchas como elemento estructural en techumbres y el 40 % coincide en que el uso de la placa es una buena opción tecnológica. Según este primer sondeo de mercado de la cercha de madera con placa metálica, el 80 % de encuestados estaría dispuesto a adquirirla; dándole un rango de precio entre ¢45 000 a ¢50 000 por cercha.

Abstract In housing construction, the most efficient structures to support the loads coming from roofs correspond to the trusses. When it comes to manufacturing them with wood, an important point of these are the joints. Currently the use of metal plates has been introduced for these unions, however, the market still knows little about them and its possibility of use in wooden houses. Therefore, this study reports a first qualitative survey by means of a survey stratified of the use of wooden trusses with metal plates fabricated with plantation wood in Costa Rica. It was found that 100 % of respondents consider wood as a viable material for construction, for storing carbon dioxide and for being a renewable resource. In addition, most consider that the wood from trees growing in plantations in Costa Rica is of good quality. However, only 28 % prefer the use of trusses as a structural element in roofs and 40 % agree that the use of the metal plate is a good technological option. According to this first market survey of the wooden truss with metal plate, 80 % of respondents would be willing to acquire it; giving it a price rango between ¢ 45 000 to ¢ 50 000 per truss.

Resumo O setor da construção civil vem sendo instigado a diminuir o déficit habitacional nas classes de baixa renda. O emprego de sistemas construtivos industrializados é uma alternativa para esse fim e para aplicação da customização em massa. No entanto, a possibilidade de conferir customização pode acarretar impactos negativos na produção. A modularidade do produto é uma abordagem para a customização em massa. A partir da concepção de módulos, é possível adotar combinações e produzir uma gama de produtos. Este artigo tem como objetivo propor diretrizes de projeto para reduzir perdas na produção de painéis pré-fabricados em sistemasde construção a seco, com foco na simplificação da produção de habitações de interesse social customizadas. A abordagem metodológica adotada foi apesquisa construtiva e o referencial teórico envolveu conceitos de arquitetura e modularidade do produto. A partir dos resultados, foram propostas diretrizes de projeto baseadas nos princípios de modularidade do produto. O impacto das diretrizes na produçãodos painéis foi avaliado mediante coleta de dados em fábrica. A modularidade do produto mostrou-se uma estratégia eficiente para padronização dos componentes e simplificação do processo de fabricação dos painéis.

Abstract Managers in the construction sector are being urged to reduce the housing deficit in the low-income segment. The use of industrialised building systems is an alternative for achieving this aim and for the implementation of mass customization. However, the possibility of conferring some degree of customisation in housing may have negative impacts on production. Product modularity is a mass customisation approach, by designing modules that can be combined to provide product variety. The aim of this paper is to propose design guidelines to reduce waste in the production of prefabricated wall panels in dry construction systems, focusing on simplifying the production of customised social housing. The methodological approach adopted was design science research. The research started with a literature review to understand the concepts of Product Architecture and Modularity. Based on the results, we proposed design guidelines applying the principles of product modularity. The effect of the guidelines on the production process of the panels was evaluated through data collection at the factory. The adoption of product modularity in house-building design proved to be an efficient approach for the standardisation of components and for simplifying the mass production process of the wall panels.

Resumo Pesquisas têm demonstrado que os projetos de habitação de interesse social (HIS) desenvolvidos no Brasil não têm atendido às reais necessidades dos usuários, o que acarreta inúmeras adaptações e ampliações, que implicam dispêndio de recursos financeiros, já bastante escassos para essa camada da população, e prejuízos à qualidade da habitação. Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi verificar a aplicabilidade da Customização em Massa (CM), utilizada pela indústria de manufatura para melhor atender às demandas dos clientes, no contexto da produção de HIS no PMCMV. A pesquisa consistiu na sistematização da revisão de literatura, buscando uma síntese conceitual sobre CM, e no desenvolvimento de um estudo de caso em companhia de habitação. Este estudo compreendeu uma análise de requisitos de um empreendimento HIS com 2 anos de uso para verificar as características e a diversidade de requisitos não atendidos, e um mapeamento de fluxo de informações, desde o cadastramento de famílias interessadas em HIS (demanda) até a entrega das chaves às famílias contempladas, para identificar barreiras e oportunidades de uso da CM. Os resultados indicam a aplicabilidade da CM segmentada e, com uso de tecnologia pré-fabricada, a possibilidade de inserção de captura de requisitos específicos do cliente antes da entrega das habitações.

Abstract Many researches have shown that social housing projects (SHP) developed in Brazil have not been meeting the users' real needs. As a consequence, many adaptations and extensions have been made that imply spending already scarce funds for this segment of the population. Moreover, very often, it results in poor quality housing. This article presents results of a study which aimed to verify the applicability of Mass Customization (MC), used by the manufacturing industry for being more effective in meeting customer demands, in the context of SHP production in the Minha Casa Minha VIda project (MCMVP). The research consisted of a literature review, searching for a conceptual overview of MC, as well as the development of a case study in a housing company. This study comprised a requirements analysis of a two-year SHP company to verify the characteristics and diversity of users´ requirements not met, and an information flow map from registering families interested in SHP (demand) to handing over the keys to the families and identifying barriers and opportunities of using MC. The results indicate the applicability of the segmented MC and, using prefabricated technology, the possibility of including specific requirements of the client before handing over the keys.

A concrete panel, manufactured to be transported from an industry to the work-site, ends up travelling from Chile to Venice to become the symbol of a modern constructive system of global scope. Its trajectories however, began when the cement was still wet, initiating a unique story of conceptual assembly and disassembly, where a prefabricated panel for the construction of housing units ends up becoming the cornerstone of a truly historiographical project.

Un panel de hormigón, hecho para moverse de la fábrica a la obra, termina viajando desde Chile hasta Venecia para transformarse en el símbolo de un sistema constructivo moderno de alcance global. Sus trayectorias, sin embargo, partieron cuando el cemento aún estaba fresco, iniciando una historia única de montajes y desmontajes conceptuales, en la que un panel prefabricado para la construcción de vivienda termina siendo la piedra angular de un verdadero proyecto historiográfico.

Gracias a experiencias positivas en el medio urbano, las placas tipo sándwich de ferrocemento se presentan, como una alternativa a la demanda de construcciones rápidas y de bajo costo que impone la problemática de vivienda rural en América Latina. Diversas propuestas en este sentido pueden ser evaluadas previamente a través de simulaciones. Este estudio evaluó el comportamiento mecánico de tres placas tipo sándwich de ferrocemento, para definir el sistema constructivo de una propuesta de vivienda rural, a través de una simulación con elementos finitos, por medio del software SolidWorks®. Con base en un diseño previo para vivienda rural, fueron diseñadas tres alternativas de placas tipo sándwich de ferrocemento, evaluando su resistencia a la rotura y deformación, aplicando el cálculo de esfuerzos de Von Mises. Las tres alternativas mostraron resultados satisfactorios de resistencia y deformación, optando por la combinación de dos de las tres alternativas para la definición del sistema constructivo según criterios de practicidad y costos.

Thanks to positive experiences in urban, sandwich panels ferrocement type are presented as an alternative to the demand for fast, low construction cost imposed by the rural housing problem in Latin America. Various proposals in this regard may be previously evaluated through simulation. This study was performed to evaluate the mechanical behavior of three panels of ferrocement sandwich type, to define the building system of rural housing proposal, from a simulation with the application of the finite element method. Based on a preliminary design for rural housing, three alternatives were designed sandwich type ferro-plates, then evaluating their tensile strength and displacement by applying the calculation of Von Mises stress in a simulation by the finite element method, by SolidWorks® software. The three alternatives were satisfactory offset resistance and, choosing the combination of the second and third alternatives for the definition of the construction system according to criteria of practicality and costs.

Después del sismo de 1999 en Armenia, el estudio del comportamiento estructural de los sistemas de bahareque en Colombia toma relevancia debido al buen comportamiento que éstos presentaron ante el evento sísmico. Los estudios buscaban la tecnificación en la construcción de viviendas en bahareque y brindar los requisitos mínimos para obtener un grado adecuado de sismorresistencia y evitar así el colapso; además si se tiene en cuenta que la guadua es un material económico y rentable, social y culturalmente aceptado en una amplia región del país, se estaría en presencia de un material alternativo y no convencional que con la identificación de sus limitaciones y un adecuado uso permitiría su implementación en la fabricación de viviendas económicas, funcionales y seguras. Lo anterior motivó la presente investigación, en donde se hizo una evaluación experimental de un sistema de pórtico en guadua escala 1:1 rigidizado mediante la adición de dos tipos de páneles prefabricados de bahareque y ensayado ante cargas horizontales. Se halló la capacidad de disipar energía del pórtico y el aporte a la rigidez al adicionar los páneles, obteniendo resultados bastante alentadores, en donde se redujeron derivas en aproximadamente un 50% y se aumentó la resistencia del sistema en más de un 40%. Paralelamente, se realizaron modelos matemáticos para comparar resultados experimentales con resultados analíticos. Los modelos experimentales fueron construidos y ensayados en el Laboratorio de Materiales de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia.

Studying the structural behaviour of adobe systems in Colombia became extremely relevant after the 1999 earthquake in Armenia due to these systems' good performance during seismic events. These studies were aimed at modernising adobe house construction (by increased use of technology) and providing minimum requirements for them having a suitable degree of seismic resistance, thereby avoiding their collapse. Besides, if it is taken into account that guadua (the main material used in these systems) represents a cheap and profitable material which is socially and culturally-accepted in most of the country, then one has an alternative, unconventional material available which may be suitably used in constructing cheap, functional and safe housing (its limitations and best use having been identified). The foregoing gave rise to the present investigation in which an experimental evaluation was made of a guadua frame system using two types of prefabricated panels in adobe, under horizontal load. Two fullscale frames were built with guadua at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia's School of Engineering in Bogota; the frames' ability to dissipate energy and support inbuilt rigidity (by stiffening them with precast adobe) was tested and strength-deformation curves were experimentally found. Extremely encouraging results were obtained as drift was reduced by roughly 50% and the system's resistance was increased by more than 40%. Mathematical models were also constructed for comparing experimental reults with analytical ones.

2010 will he the 100th birthday of the first working-class neighborhood planned and built in Cuba. Since 1959, Cuban housing is known for its general and uniform standards influenced by early XXth century European mass social housing. In contrast to the rest of developing countries, housing is still a responsibility of the State. The present article offers an outlook of the evolution and trends of Cuban social housing throughout the second part of the XXth century. lts beginning, in the 60s, was characterized by the search for appropriate technologies and new ways of expression for the mass social housing of a developing and Revolutionary country. Also, the government tried to "eradicate" the precarious housing condition and the differences between urban and rural areas. From the 70s, in order to meet massive demands, Cuban housing centred its efforts on the high-tech prefabricated system. In the 80s, conservation of traditional urban centers was promoted and the crisis of the 90s forced Cuba to definitely quit heavy industrialization and search for "alternative" solutions. The current debate on the topic closes the article.

El próximo año 2010 cumple un siglo el primer barrio obrero proyectado y construido en Cuba. Después de 1959 la vivienda cubana se ha caracterizado por un estándar general y uniforme correspondiente al modelo de la vivienda social masiva nacida en Europa a inicios del siglo XX, y a diferencia de lo que sucede en otros países en desarrollo, continúa siendo una responsabilidad del Estado. El artículo ofrece una panorámica de la evolución y tendencias de la vivienda social en Cuba durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Los inicios en los anos '60s se caracterizaron por la búsqueda de tecnologías apropiadas y nuevas formas de expresión para la vivienda social masiva de un país en desarrollo y en Revolución, intentando "erradicar" las condiciones habitacionales precarias, y las diferencias entre la ciudad y el campo. A partir de los 70s la vivienda cubana se vio comprometida con los sistemas de prefabricación de alta tecnología, como vía para dar solución a la demanda masiva. En los '80s cobró fuerza la conservación de los centros urbanos tradicionales y la crisis de los '90s obligó a abandonar definitivamente la industrialización pesada y buscar soluciones "alternativas". El trabajo concluye con el debate actual.

The use of prefabrication in construction apparently is not a economic alternative if compared with more labor intensive construction methods in developing countries. This work presents a comparison study between two choices of roofing systems for massively housing construction in southeast Mexico. The traditional labor intensive roofing construction and the prefabricated roofing construction system coded L-18 were modeled using the computer program EzStrobe simulation software. A technical and economical analysis was performed on both construction methods, comparing the relationship between resources, direct cost, and indirect administrative cost. In reference to the direct cost, the prefabricated construction method cost was higher than the traditional method; however, the prefabricated system is capable of adjusting its selling price in the production factory according to a given construction volume.

El uso de prefabricados en la construcción aparentemente no es una alternativa económica si se le compara con métodos constructivos que hacen uso de mano de obra de manera intensiva en países en vías de desarrollo. En este trabajo se presentan un estudio comparativo de dos alternativas de construcción de techumbre en construcción de vivienda masiva en el sureste de México. El sistema tradicional de construcción, que usa mano de obra intensiva y el sistema de losas prefabricadas L-18 fueron modeladas utilizando el sistema de simulaciones computarizadas EzStrobe. Se realizó un estudio técnico-económico entre ambos sistemas, comparando la relación entre sus insumos, los costos directos e indirectos de administración. En lo que se refiere al costo directo se observó que el método prefabricado es mayor que el método tradicional, sin embargo, el sistema prefabricado es capaz de ajustar y adaptar su precio de venta en la planta, en función de un volumen determinado de obra.

La escasez de vivienda en el mundo ha llevado desde hace varios años a la búsqueda de nuevos materiales y sistemas alternativos para su construcción. El ferrocemento desde hace más de 25 décadas viene siendo estudiado y aplicado como solución de vivienda en varios países; Colombia, uno de ellos. En este trabajo se presenta parte de los resultados de una investigación acerca del comportamiento de las viviendas de ferrocemento bajo cargas cíclicas. Se probaron dos módulos de vivienda a escala real construidos con paneles prefabricados de pared delgada de ferrocemento. Sobre cada módulo de ferrocemento se realizaron ensayos de carga cíclica y se evaluó su comportamiento. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la sensibilidad de este sistema estructural ante varios ciclos de carga, con pérdidas de rigidez cercanas al 20% para los primeros ciclos y hasta un 85% al final de los mismos.

The shortage of dwelling in the world has taken for several years to the search of new materials and alternative systems for its construction. For more than 25 decades, ferrocement has been studied and applied as a dwelling solution in several countries, among them Colombia.. This article refers to the results of a research about seismic behavior of ferrocement dwellings. Two modules built on real scale with prefabricated panels of ferrocement thin wall were used. On each module of ferrocement, tests of cyclical load were carried out, and its behavior was evaluated. The obtained results showed the sensitivity of this structural system under several cycles of load, with losses of rigidity near to 20% for the first cycles and up to 85% at the end of the same.

This article reports on the results of research on a group of families participating in an assisted self-building project that took place in Saltillo and will soon be applied in Ciudad Juárez. The project's goal was to test the viability of a technology based on the use of prefabricated materials, which was developed in poor neighborhoods in Saltillo using a self-building plan and a gendered perspective. The project was based on the idea that solidarity networks, which are woven around the building of a family home, are an intangible asset that is insufficiently served by social programs on housing, particularly, organized and assisted self-building programs. The results consider the utility of this type of support for low-income sectors.

En este artículo se exponen los resultados de una investigación realizada a un grupo de familias participantes en un proyecto de autoconstrucción asistida, llevado a cabo en la ciudad de Saltillo, y que próximamente se va a aplicar en Ciudad Juárez. El proyecto tuvo la finalidad de probar la viabilidad de una tecnología basada en el empleo de materiales prefabricados, la cual fue desarrollada en colonias marginales de Saltillo de acuerdo con el esquema de autoconstrucción y perspectiva de género. El proyecto partió de la consideración de que las redes de solidaridad que se tejen alrededor del proceso constructivo de la vivienda familiar son un activo intangible insuficientemente atendido por los programas sociales relacionados con la vivienda, específicamente a través de programas de autoconstrucción asistida y concertada. Los resultados ponderan la utilidad de este tipo de apoyos para los sectores de menores ingresos.