Abstract: The functions that guarantee or control courts must fulfill in adversarial accusatory models are crucial for the proper protection of the rights and guarantees of all participants, especially the defendant and the accused. These functions are critical to the debates regarding the appropriateness of personal precautionary measures and require the judge to strictly observe the principles governing such measures and to justify how these principles are applied in each case. Supervisory courts must define and clearly state the standards required for each type of personal precautionary measure requested by the litigants and must reproduce in their rulings the criteria employed and the reasoning used to either confirm or dismiss the requirements of the personal precautionary measures, such as their material prerequisites and the necessity for caution

Resumen: Las funciones que los tribunales de garantía o de control deben cumplir en los modelos acusatorios de corte adversarial son fundamentales para la debida protección de los derechos y las garantías de todos los intervinientes, en especial del imputado y el acusado. Estas funciones resultan críticas para los debates en torno a la procedencia de las medidas cautelares personales y suponen por parte del juez la estricta observancia de los principios que regulan tales medidas y la fundamentación acerca del modo en que estos principios son aplicados en cada caso. Los tribunales de garantía deben definir y explicitar los estándares exigibles para cada tipo de medida cautelar personal solicitada por los litigantes, y reproducir en sus resoluciones los criterios empleados y los fundamentos utilizados para dar por acreditados o desestimados los requisitos de las medidas cautelares personales, como son los presupuestos materiales de estas y la necesidad de cautela

Resumo: As funções que os tribunais de garantias ou de controle devem cumprir nos modelos acusatórios de corte adversarial são fundamentais para a devida proteção dos direitos e garantias dos intervenientes, especialmente do imputado e do acusado. Essas funções são críticas para os debates sobre a procedência das medidas cautelares pessoais e implicam, por parte do juiz, a estrita observância dos princípios que regulam tais medidas e a fundamentação sobre a maneira como esses princípios são aplicados em cada caso. Os tribunais de garantia devem definir e explicitar os padrões exigíveis para cada tipo de medida cautelar pessoal solicitada pelos litigantes, e reproduzir em suas resoluções os critérios empregados e os fundamentos utilizados para considerar comprovados ou rejeitados os requisitos das medidas cautelares pessoais, como são os pressupostos materiais dessas medidas e a necessidade de cautela

Resumen. Los tambores y roncadores (Sciaenidae) son parte importante de la composición específica de las capturas costeras en el Golfo de California, México. Dentro de este grupo de especies, la curvina rayada (Cynoscion reticulatus) destaca por su alto potencial pesquero, gran demanda y debido a que ha incrementado su valor de mercado. La curvina rayada ha estado bajo constante presión pesquera durante los últimos 20 años. Sin embargo, se necesita contar con información biológica actual o puntos de referencia que permitan establecer medidas de manejo pesquero. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar la longitud estándar media de madurez sexual (LE 50 ) utilizando varios modelos para sugerir una talla mínima de captura (TMC) de C. reticulatus en la costa sur de Sinaloa. Para esto, se realizaron muestreos mensuales en las descargas de la flota costera desde diciembre de 2020 hasta diciembre de 2021 en la costa sur de Sinaloa. La LE 50 se evaluó con base en 3 modelos candidatos (Gompertz, Lysack y White) a través de un enfoque binomial. Los intervalos de confianza para la LE 50 se estimaron utilizando perfiles y contornos de verosimilitud, y se utilizó el criterio de información de Akaike (CIA) para seleccionar el mejor modelo. Se examinaron un total de 284 individuos, de los cuales 131 se utilizaron en el análisis. El modelo de White fue el más adecuado; sin embargo, con base en los pesos de CIA, los 3 modelos mostraron un rendimiento similar, por lo que la LE50 (24.48 cm; IC 95% 12.9-36.0 cm) se estimó como el promedio de estos. Por último, como medida de manejo, proponemos una TMC bajo un enfoque precautorio de 36 cm LE para C. reticulatus en la costa sur de Sinaloa.

Abstract. Drums and croakers (Sciaenidae) are important to the species composition of coastal catches in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Among these species, the striped corvina (Cynoscion reticulatus) stands out because of its high fishery potential, high demand, and increased market value. The striped croaker has been under constant fishing pressure over the past 20 years. Still, there needs to be current biological information or reference points to allow the establishment of management measures for fisheries. The objective of the present study was to estimate the mean standard length at sexual maturity (SL 50 ) of females using various models and to suggest a minimum catch size (MCS) for C. reticulatus off the southern coast of Sinaloa. Monthly samplings of coastal fishery landings were done from December 2020 to December 2021 on the south coast of Sinaloa. The SL 50 was evaluated based on 3 candidate models (Gompertz, Lysack, and White) through a binomial approach. Confidence intervals for SL 50 were estimated using likelihood profiles and contours, and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) was used to select the best model. A total of 284 individuals were examined, of which 131 were used in calculations. White’s model was the most adequate; however, based on AIC weights, all 3 models performed similarly, and SL 50 (24.48 cm; C.I. 95% 12.9-70 36.0 cm) was estimated as their average. As a management measure, we propose a precautionary MCS of 36 cm SL for C. reticulatus off southern Sinaloa.

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to propose a public policy intended to ensure an appropriate use of precautionary measures, pre-trial service units. These administrative structures, on the one hand, enhance the application of alternative exits from pretrial detention and, on the other, ensure that their implementation is not synonymous with impunity and insecurity. Specifically, this strategy addresses two central problems of traditional justice: the absence of an adequate diagnosis to choose the most suitable preventive option and the monitoring of the imposed regimen. It specifically focuses on providing verified information about social ties. The practical advantage is that this proposal is based on a methodology proven in the international context, in Ecuador, and recommended as a best practice by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. In fact, in Latin America, various experiences, whose results were measured, reveal that the application of this strategy at different times achieved an unprecedented effectiveness in enhancing substitute measures and ensuring the appearance of individuals at trial. Even at a time when the press and the public exert pressure to increase provisional incarceration, they are a valid response, as the issued report transparently elucidates the reasons behind the adopted judicial resolution.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este artículo es plantear una política pública destinada a garantizar un uso adecuado de las medidas cautelares, las unidades de servicios previos al juicio. Estas estructuras administrativas, por un lado, potencian la aplicación de las salidas alternativas a la prisión preventiva, así como, por otro, se ocupan de que su aplicación no sea sinónimo de impunidad e inseguridad. Esta estrategia enfrenta dos problemas centrales de la justicia tradicional, la ausencia de un diagnóstico adecuado para escoger la opción cautelar más adecuada, datos del arraigo social, y el seguimiento al régimen impuesto. La ventaja práctica es que esta propuesta se fundamenta en una metodología probada en el contexto internacional, en el Ecuador y recomendada como una buena práctica por la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. De hecho, en Latinoamérica las distintas experiencias cuyos resultados fueron medidos revelan que la aplicación de esta estrategia en diversos momentos alcanzó una efectividad sin precedentes para potenciar medidas sustitutivas y para conseguir la presentación de las personas al juicio. Inclusive, en un momento en el que la prensa y la ciudadanía ejercen presiones para aumentar el encarcelamiento provisional son una respuesta válida, pues el informe emitido transparenta las causas de la resolución judicial adoptada.

A global COVID-19 pandemic caused untold community disruptions, a huge toll on lives and placed major burdens on the economies of developing countries. It spread worldwide within a short period of time before nations could mobilise evidence for the best responses. Communities in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe were heavily disrupted. This article focuses on exploring the transboundary differences in COVID-19 responses, plus the implications for improving the health communication strategies in a pandemic age. Health practitioners and governments were ill-prepared to inform the general public about the pandemic and enforced complete shutdowns of economic and social activities. With the COVID-19 pandemic ravaging communities, there was a dearth of focused health communication on COVID-19's end. New tools of communication and dissemination of information were embraced in the southern Africa country-specific cases. For example, content on precautionary lifestyles, individual or personal responsibility and utilisation of community health workers in the pandemic era was prioritised to prevent or minimise infections and avoid recurrence of the disease. New communication methods were important for addressing uncertainty and can be applied for any future pandemic. This health communication topic addresses the neglected, but important gap on the efficacy of processes towards better health communication strategies. The transdisciplinary methods include improved health communication strategies informed by the experiences of three Southern African Development Community countries. While such measures to arrest COVID-19 proved plausible, these countries' projections for the future are a concern, suggesting an urgent need to enhance and strengthen health communication in southern Africa. TRANSDISCIPLINARY CONTRIBUTION: This is a transdisciplinary exploration of health communication and its implications for COVID-19 and future pandemic responses in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe.

La prevención es defendida consensuadamente, especialmente en las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Sin embargo, dada la proliferación de tecnologías preventivas, no parece sostenible fomentar genéricamente conductas y exámenes preventivos entre los profesionales de la salud y los usuarios. En este ensayo, presentamos una articulación de conceptos, ideas y criterios para considerar medidas preventivas, como una guía mínima que manejar por parte de los profesionales (especialmente en la atención primaria de salud) y gestores. Se articulan los conceptos de prevención primaria, secundaria y cuaternaria; prevención reductiva y aditiva, estrategias preventivas de alto riesgo y poblacional; medicina basada en evidencias y su crisis contemporánea; principio de precaución; promoción de la salud, abordaje ampliado y centrado en la persona y toma de decisiones compartida. Esta articulación fue diseñada para mejorar la competencia en la evaluación de medidas preventivas, haciendo que las decisiones clínicas y de salud sean más juiciosas y menos iatrogénicas con relación a la prevención primaria y secundaria.

Prevention is universally advocated, especially in the case of noncommunicable diseases. However, given the proliferation of preventive technologies, it does not seem defensible to generically encourage preventive behaviors and tests for healthcare professionals and users. In this essay, we articulate concepts, ideas and criteria for considering preventive measures, providing a minimum guide to be used by professionals (especially in primary healthcare) and managers. The concepts of primary, secondary and quaternary prevention are explored, as well as those of reductive and additive prevention, high-risk and population-based preventive strategies; evidence-based medicine and its contemporary crisis; the precautionary principle; health promotion, an expanded, person-centered approach and shared decision-making. This discussion was designed to improve competence in the evaluation of preventive measures, making clinical and health decisions more judicious and less iatrogenic regarding primary and secondary prevention.

A prevenção é consensualmente defendida, especialmente para as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Porém, dada a proliferação de tecnologias preventivas, não parece defensável estimular genericamente condutas e exames preventivos em profissionais de saúde e usuários. Neste ensaio, apresentamos uma articulação de conceitos, ideias e critérios para a consideração de medidas preventivas, como um roteiro mínimo a ser manejado pelos profissionais (especialmente os da atenção primária à saúde) e gestores. São articulados os conceitos de: prevenção primária, secundária e quaternária; prevenção redutiva e aditiva, estratégias preventivas de alto risco e populacional; medicina baseada em evidências e sua crise contemporânea; princípio da precaução; promoção da saúde, abordagem ampliada e centrada na pessoa e decisão compartilhada. Tal articulação foi concebida visando melhorar a competência na avaliação de medidas preventivas, tornando as decisões clínicas e sanitárias mais criteriosas e menos iatrogênicas quanto à prevenção primária e secundária.

A prevenção é consensualmente defendida, especialmente para as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Porém, dada a proliferação de tecnologias preventivas, não parece defensável estimular genericamente condutas e exames preventivos em profissionais de saúde e usuários. Neste ensaio, apresentamos uma articulação de conceitos, ideias e critérios para a consideração de medidas preventivas, como um roteiro mínimo a ser manejado pelos profissionais (especialmente os da atenção primária à saúde) e gestores. São articulados os conceitos de: prevenção primária, secundária e quaternária; prevenção redutiva e aditiva, estratégias preventivas de alto risco e populacional; medicina baseada em evidências e sua crise contemporânea; princípio da precaução; promoção da saúde, abordagem ampliada e centrada na pessoa e decisão compartilhada. Tal articulação foi concebida visando melhorar a competência na avaliação de medidas preventivas, tornando as decisões clínicas e sanitárias mais criteriosas e menos iatrogênicas quanto à prevenção primária e secundária. defendida transmissíveis Porém usuários ensaio gestores quaternária aditiva populacional contemporânea precaução compartilhada

Prevention is universally advocated, especially in the case of noncommunicable diseases. However, given the proliferation of preventive technologies, it does not seem defensible to generically encourage preventive behaviors and tests for healthcare professionals and users. In this essay, we articulate concepts, ideas and criteria for considering preventive measures, providing a minimum guide to be used by professionals (especially in primary healthcare) and managers. The concepts of primary, secondary and quaternary prevention are explored, as well as those of reductive and additive prevention, high-risk and population-based preventive strategies; evidence-based medicine and its contemporary crisis; the precautionary principle; health promotion, an expanded, person-centered approach and shared decision-making. This discussion was designed to improve competence in the evaluation of preventive measures, making clinical and health decisions more judicious and less iatrogenic regarding primary and secondary prevention. advocated diseases However technologies users essay measures managers explored highrisk high risk populationbased population based strategies evidencebased evidence crisis principle promotion expanded personcentered person centered decisionmaking. decisionmaking decision making. decision-making

La prevención es defendida consensuadamente, especialmente en las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Sin embargo, dada la proliferación de tecnologías preventivas, no parece sostenible fomentar genéricamente conductas y exámenes preventivos entre los profesionales de la salud y los usuarios. En este ensayo, presentamos una articulación de conceptos, ideas y criterios para considerar medidas preventivas, como una guía mínima que manejar por parte de los profesionales (especialmente en la atención primaria de salud) y gestores. Se articulan los conceptos de prevención primaria, secundaria y cuaternaria; prevención reductiva y aditiva, estrategias preventivas de alto riesgo y poblacional; medicina basada en evidencias y su crisis contemporánea; principio de precaución; promoción de la salud, abordaje ampliado y centrado en la persona y toma de decisiones compartida. Esta articulación fue diseñada para mejorar la competencia en la evaluación de medidas preventivas, haciendo que las decisiones clínicas y de salud sean más juiciosas y menos iatrogénicas con relación a la prevención primaria y secundaria. consensuadamente transmisibles embargo usuarios ensayo gestores cuaternaria aditiva poblacional contemporánea precaución compartida

ABSTRACT Introduction: Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) surveys prove beneficial to the transfusion services by providing an insight into the donors and, thus, aiding in mobilizing and retaining voluntary blood donors. We aim to study the knowledge, attitude and practices of donors towards blood donation in a pandemic setting. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of blood donors was conducted between June to and October 2020. Non-parametric tests (Mann – Whitney U and Kruskal - Wallis) were performed to evaluate the relation of knowledge, attitude and practices overall scores with age group, gender and history of blood donations (first us. repeat). The Chi-Square test/Fisher's Exact test was used to evaluate the differences in the distribution of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices items within the groups. Results: A total of 403 of 2,748 individuals who came for whole blood donation participated in the study. The mean age of the study population was 31.1years (SD ± 8.4 range: 18 - 58), with 75% of the donors donating for the first time. The fear of acquiring COVID-19 infection was perceived as a major reason for the eligible population not to donate. The overall knowledge, attitude and practice score among the donors was satisfactory, being 76.14%, with a significant association with age. The overall positive attitude and practices scores of blood donors were 85.48% and 78.04%, respectively. Conclusion: The KAP scores were satisfactory among the donors. Timely communication of the precautionary measures at blood centers to contain the spread of the COVID-19 infection and effective counseling would help in motivating and retaining blood donors. Introduction Knowledge (KAP thus knowledge setting Methods crosssectional cross sectional 2020 Nonparametric Non parametric Mann Wallis group us repeat. repeat . repeat) ChiSquare Chi Square test/Fishers testFishers test/Fisher s Fisher groups Results 40 2748 2 748 2,74 311years years 31 1years SD 84 8 4 8. range 1 58, 58 , 58) 75 time COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 donate 7614 76 14 76.14% 8548 85 48 85.48 7804 78 04 78.04% respectively Conclusion 202 Fishers testFisher 274 74 2,7 3 5 7 COVID1 COVID- 761 76.14 854 85.4 780 0 78.04 20 27 2, 76.1 85. 78.0 76. 78.

ABSTRACT Introduction: From the perspective of prevention, knowledge of the hazardousness of chemicals and the potential negative effects they can produce is essential to be able to assess their risks and take measures to reduce them. Objective: To critically approach the fundamental aspects of the different systems for the classification, identification and communication of hazards and risks in the handling of dangerous substances. Materials and Methods: A compilation of the main systems developed and applied internationally (European Union, United Nations Organization, United States Fire Protection Agency, American Association of Coating and Paints of the United States and the Globally Harmonized System). Results and Discussion: In each one of them the shape and color combination of the pictograms, the symbols and icons used, warning words and letters, as well as the phrases to communicate the dangers or risks, compatibility and the precautionary recommendations are detailed. Due to its current status and increasingly extensive use worldwide, is detailed the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemical products (GHS). Conclusions: The GHS is a logical approach to chemical classification; it significantly enhances the proper, clear and easily understandable communication of chemical hazards, the protection of human health and the environment, and the management of chemicals by providing a single, standardized and harmonized system for classifying chemicals and developing labels and MSDSs.

Resumen Introducción: Desde la perspectiva de la prevención, el conocimiento de la peligrosidad de los productos químicos y de los efectos negativos potenciales que puedan producir, es fundamental poder evaluar sus riesgos y tomar medidas encaminadas a reducirlos. Objetivo: Abordar críticamente los aspectos fundamentales de los diferentes sistemas para la clasificación, identificación y comunicación de peligros y riesgos en el manejo de sustancias peligrosas. Materiales y Métodos: Se realiza una recopilación de los principales sistemas desarrollados y aplicados internacionalmente (Unión Europea, Organización de Naciones Unidas, Agencia de Protección de Incendios de los Estados Unidos, Asociación Americana de Recubrimiento y Pinturas de los Estados Unidos y el Sistema Globalmente Armonizado). Resultados y Discusión: En cada uno de ellos se detalla la forma y combinación de colores de los pictogramas, los símbolos e íconos empleados, palabras y letras de advertencia, así como las frases para comunicar los peligros o riesgos, las recomendaciones de prudencia y la compatibilidad entre ellos. Por su actualidad y uso cada vez más extensivo a nivel mundial, se particulariza más detalladamente en el Sistema Globalmente Armonizado de Clasificación y Etiquetado de Productos Químicos (SGA). Conclusiones: El SGA constituye un enfoque lógico de clasificación de productos químicos; favorece de manera significativa la adecuada comunicación clara y fácilmente comprensible de los peligros químicos, la protección de la salud humana y el ambiente y la gestión de los productos químicos ya que proporciona un sistema único, normalizado y armonizado para clasificarlos y elaborar las respectivas etiquetas y hojas de seguridad.

Abstract Based on fieldwork carried out in Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais), we sought to comprehend how the flow of Custody Hearings reiterate the penal logic of precariousness in relation to the trans population, throughout two issues: a) the use of the civil name of transgender people in detriment of the “social name” (which is the chosen name); and b) the creation of a standard package of precautionary measures, which includes social assistance but makes their specific demands invisible. To address these two questions, we used the observations written in the field notebook and the semi-structured interviews carried out with agents responsible for the services in Custody Hearings. We found that, there is a framing of trans experiences from cisgenerity, which reinforces the precarious visibility of the trans people and their demands. Minas Gerais, Gerais , Gerais) population issues name) b measures invisible questions semistructured semi structured that cisgenerity

Resumo A partir de trabalho de campo realizado em Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais), buscou-se compreender como o fluxo das Audiências de Custódia reitera a lógica penal de produção de precariedade, em relação à população trans, através de dois problemas: a) o uso do nome registro civil das pessoas trans, em detrimento do nome social; e b) o encaminhamento à rede de assistência psicossocial, por meio da determinação de um combo de medidas cautelares, que invisibiliza as demandas apresentadas por elas. Para exame dessas questões, foram utilizadas as observações anotadas no caderno de campo e as entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com três agentes responsáveis por serviços das audiências de custódia. Constatamos que há um enquadramento das experiências trans a partir da cisgeneridade; posicionamento que reforça a precariedade da visibilidade do público trans e de suas demandas. Minas Gerais, Gerais , Gerais) buscouse buscou se problemas social b psicossocial cautelares elas questões custódia cisgeneridade

Abstract This article studies the relationship between the National Commission of Human Rights in Mexico and the Inter-American Human Rights System. On the one hand, regarding the reception of the Inter-American jurisprudence in the recommendations of that national body, but also concerning the reference of its recommendatory work by the Inter-American Commission and Court, as an actor in various Inter-American processes, precautionary measures and amicus curiae, during the period 1990-2019. All of which is discussed in the legal effects and scope of this collaboration, in terms of subsidiarity, as part of a jurisprudential dialogue and in the reinterpretation of its powers.

Resumen Este artículo estudia la relación entre la Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos en México y el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos. Por una parte, en cuanto a la recepción de la jurisprudencia interamericana en las recomendaciones de ese organismo nacional, pero también en lo concerniente a la referencia de su labor recomendatoria por la Comisión y Corte Interamericanas, como actor en diversos procesos interamericanos, medidas cautelares y amicus curiae, durante el período 1990-2019. Todo lo cual se discute en los efectos y alcances jurídicos de esa colaboración, en materia de subsidiariedad, como parte de un diálogo jurisprudencial y en la reinterpretación de sus facultades.

Abstract Objective: To measure the potential radiation dose emitted by patients who have recently undergone diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures, in order to establish optimal radiation safety measures for such procedures. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the radiation doses emitted by 175 adult patients in whom technetium-99m, iodine-131, and fluorine-18 radionuclides were administered for bone, kidney, heart, brain, and whole-body scans, as measured with a radiation detector. Those values served as the basis for evaluating whole-body radiopharmaceutical clearance, as well as the risk for the exposure of others to radiation, depending on the time elapsed since administration of the radiopharmaceutical. Results: The mean time to clearance of the radiopharmaceuticals administered, expressed as the effective half-life, ranged from 1.18 ± 0.30 h to 11.41 ± 0.02 h, and the mean maximum cumulative radiation dose at 1.0 m from the patients was 149.74 ± 56.72 µSv. Even at a distance of 0.5 m, the cumulative dose was found to be only half and one tenth of the limits established for exposure of the general public and family members/caregivers (1.0 mSv and 5.0 mSv per episode, respectively). Conclusion: Cumulative radiation doses emitted by patients immediately after diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures are considerably lower than the limits established by the International Commission on Radiological Protection and the International Atomic Energy Agency, and precautionary measures to avoid radiation exposure are therefore not required after such procedures. Objective Methods 17 technetium99m, technetium99m technetiumm technetium 99m, 99m technetium-99m iodine131, iodine131 iodine 131, 131 iodine-131 fluorine18 fluorine 18 fluorine-1 bone kidney heart brain wholebody whole body scans detector Results halflife, halflife life, life half-life 118 1 1.1 030 0 30 0.3 1141 11 41 11.4 002 02 0.0 10 1. 14974 149 74 149.7 5672 56 72 56.7 µSv 05 5 0. memberscaregivers members caregivers (1. 50 5. episode respectively. respectively . respectively) Conclusion Agency iodine13 13 iodine-13 fluorine1 fluorine- 03 3 114 4 11. 00 1497 14 7 149. 567 56. (1 iodine1 iodine-1 ( iodine-

Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi levantar o potencial de dose de radiação emitida por pacientes em procedimentos diagnósticos, visando a estabelecer cuidados de radioproteção mais otimizados. Materiais e Métodos: Taxas de dose de radiação emitidas por 175 pacientes administrados com os radionuclídeos 99mTc, 131I e 18F para cintilografias óssea, renal, cardíaca, cerebral e corpo inteiro, foram mensuradas com um detector de radiação, servindo para avaliar o clareamento do radiofármaco no organismo e risco de exposição após administração dos radiofármacos. Resultados: O clareamento, representado pela meia-vida efetiva, variou de 1,18 ± 0,30 h até 11,41 ± 0,02 h e a dose de radiação máxima acumulada oferecida pelos pacientes a 1,0 m foi de 149,74 ± 56,72 µSv. Mesmo para distâncias de 0,5 m, as doses estimadas foram, respectivamente, duas e dez vezes inferiores ao nível de restrição para o público geral (1,0 mSv) e exposição médica (5,0 mSv/episódio). Conclusão: Doses de radiação oferecidas por pacientes em procedimentos diagnósticos são inferiores aos níveis de restrição recomendados pela International Commission on Radiological Protection e International Atomic Energy Agency, e assim, cuidados de radioproteção são geralmente desnecessários. Objetivo otimizados Métodos 17 99mTc mTc I F óssea renal cardíaca inteiro radiofármacos Resultados meiavida meia vida efetiva 118 1 18 1,1 030 0 30 0,3 1141 11 41 11,4 002 02 0,0 10 1, 14974 149 74 149,7 5672 56 72 56,7 µSv 05 5 0, respectivamente (1, mSv 5,0 50 (5, mSv/episódio. mSvepisódio mSv/episódio . episódio mSv/episódio) Conclusão Agency assim desnecessários 03 3 114 4 11, 00 1497 14 7 149, 567 56, (1 5, (5 (

Abstract This work aims to investigate the limits for the recognition of the condition of fugitive in the judicial discourse and its consequences in the decree, maintenance or revocation of preventive detention. The article uses two main strategies to answer the proposed problem. The first consists in the elaboration of a literature review on escape and procedural arrest, mapping the contours and absences on this topic in the scientific literature. It is noted the absence of a concrete treatment regarding the meanings and limits for the recognition of the scape in the criminal process. The second strategy consists of an empirical analysis of decisions of the Superior Court of Justice (STJ), issued between 2020 and 2021. As a result of the research, it can be said that the STJ has positions that sometimes limit the sense of escape, such as the distinction between non-location and escape, sometimes relativize their consequences, like the escapes distant in time, and sometimes reaffirm the meaning of the escape as a justification for the imposition of procedural arrests, as in the case of permanence of the escape at the time of the decision. In this sense, the article contributes to the understanding of the meanings that the Judiciary attributes to the category of escape throughout the criminal process. decree detention problem arrest process STJ, , (STJ) 202 2021 research nonlocation non location arrests decision (STJ 20 2

Resumo Este artigo tem o objetivo de investigar quais os limites para o reconhecimento da condição de foragido no discurso judicial e as suas consequências na decretação, na manutenção ou na revogação da prisão preventiva. O artigo utiliza duas principais estratégias para responder ao problema proposto. A primeira consiste na elaboração de uma revisão de literatura sobre fuga e prisão processual, mapeando os contornos e as ausências sobre esse tema na literatura científica. Nota-se a ausência de um tratamento concreto a respeito dos significados e limites para o reconhecimento da fuga no processo penal. A segunda estratégia consiste em uma análise empírica de decisões do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ), proferidas entre 2020 e 2021. Como resultados da pesquisa, pode-se afirmar que o STJ tem posições que ora limitam o sentido da fuga, como a distinção entre não localização e fuga, ora relativizam suas consequências, a exemplo das fugas distantes no tempo, ora reafirmam o sentido da fuga como justificativa para imposição de prisões processuais, como o caso de permanência da fuga no momento da decisão. Nesse sentido, o artigo contribui para a compreensão dos sentidos que o Poder Judiciário atribui à categoria da fuga ao longo do processo penal. decretação preventiva proposto processual científica Notase Nota se penal STJ, , (STJ) 202 2021 pesquisa podese pode tempo processuais decisão (STJ 20 2

Abstract This article focuses on the analysis of criminal preliminary ruling in Spanish civil proceedings. In particular, this article addresses the general arrangement regulated by the Organic Law of the Judiciary, the specific arrangement incorporated into the Civil Procedure Act, with particular emphasis on the literal diction of its arts. 40 and 41 and, above all, the treatment of criminal preliminary ruling in proceedings. This treatment responds, from the Insolvency Act of 2003 and up to the current Consolidated Text of the Insolvency Act of 2020 as well as the Draft Reform of 2022, to a clear principle of separation or dissociation of jurisdictions. The legal regime as a whole, although it maintains the legal treatment of criminal preliminary ruling in bankruptcy proceedings unaltered, could provide greater clarity in the regulation of precautionary measures of a patrimonial nature that affect the active mass of the creditors' insolvency proceedings.

Resumen El presente artículo se centra en el análisis de la prejudicialidad penal en el proceso civil español, con particular referencia al régimen general contemplado en el art. 10 de la Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial, el régimen específico incorporado en la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil, con especial énfasis en cuanto a la dicción literal de sus arts. 40 y 41 y, por encima de todo, al tratamiento de la prejudicialidad penal en el proceso concursal que responde, desde la Ley Concursal de 2003 y hasta la actualidad, en que contamos con un Texto Refundido de Ley Concursal de 2020, así como un Proyecto de Reforma de 2022, a un nítido principio de separación o desvinculación de jurisdicciones. Régimen legal en su conjunto que, si bien mantiene inalterado el tratamiento legal de la prejudicialidad penal en el proceso concursal, podría aportar mayor claridad en orden a la regulación de las medidas cautelares de carácter patrimonial que afectan a la masa activa del concurso de acreedores.

Abstract On October 18th 2019, a period of protests began in Chile called the “social outbreak” that led to mass demonstrations and the occurrence of criminally prosecutable behaviors. This exploratory study analyzes the functioning of arrests’ control hearings during the social outbreak, using as analytic framework the “fair treatment” concept provided by procedural justice literature, and administrative data from the Public Criminal Defense Office and 68 interviews conducted with people arrested during those protests. The results show substantial increases in the daily number of arrestees and defendants without previous contact with the penal system, as well as an increase in the proportion of declarations of illegality of the arrests and of the precautionary measures decreed. It is also noted that although prosecutors, defenders and judges did comply with legality, part of the defendants perceived that the criminal justice system did not provide them with adequate treatment. The study discusses which of these situations are linked to the context generated by the social outbreak and which are manifestations of older problems in the penal system, and how the problems surrounding arrestee treatment ascertained can affect the perceived legitimacy of the penal system.

Resumen El 18 de octubre de 2019, comenzó en Chile un período de protestas denominado “estallido social” que dio lugar a marchas multitudinarias y a la ocurrencia de conductas perseguibles penalmente. Este estudio exploratorio analiza el funcionamiento de las audiencias de control de detención durante dicho período, utilizando como marco analítico el concepto de “trato justo” construido por la literatura de justicia procedimental y como fuentes de información datos administrativos de la Defensoría Penal Pública y 68 entrevistas realizadas a personas detenidas durante dichas protestas. Los hallazgos muestran aumentos sustantivos en el número diario de detenidos y de imputados sin contactos previos con el sistema penal, así como un incremento en la proporción de declaraciones de ilegalidad de las detenciones y de medidas cautelares decretadas. Se constata además que si bien fiscales, defensores y jueces dieron cumplimiento a lo prescrito legalmente, una parte de los imputados percibió que el sistema penal no les brindó un trato adecuado. Se discuten aquellas situaciones que son atribuibles al contexto generado por el estallido social y aquellas que constituyen manifestaciones de problemas de larga data en el sistema penal, y cómo los problemas de trato constatados pueden afectar la legitimidad percibida del sistema penal.

Resumen Cumplir con las medidas de prevención de la salud es fundamental para controlar brotes de enfermedades infecciosas como aquellos causados por la COVID-19. Se han realizados numerosas investigaciones para comprender algunas variables psicosociales (desde personalidad hasta diferencias culturales) asociadas con las conductas de precaución en contextos de pandemia. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre el papel que el capital y la responsabilidad social pueden jugar en estos comportamientos de precaución en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19. El presente trabajo aborda variables psicológicas asociadas con el capital social y conductas socialmente responsables (e.g. amabilidad, empatía, apoyo social, justicia, impulsividad, conducta cívica), que ayudan a un grupo a desarrollar actividades socialmente valiosas propiciando el cumplimiento de las medidas de prevención. El presente estudio evaluó el efecto del capital social y variables asociadas (e.g., personalidad, apoyo social) en comportamientos precautorios relacionados con el COVID-19. Se utilizaron regresiones jerárquicas y modelos mediacionales en 3 diferentes muestras mexicanas (muestra 1: n=709, muestra 2: n=718, muestra 3: n= 309). Los resultados muestran que las variables asociadas con la responsabilidad social evaluadas aquí, con excepción de la legitimidad y la justicia distributiva, se relacionan con un mayor reporte de conductas de precaución. Estos resultados sugieren un enfoque encaminado a aumentar el capital y la responsabilidad social para reducir el efecto de enfermedades infecciosas como el COVID-19.

Abstract Compliance with health protection measures is essential to control outbreaks of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Extensive research has been done in the pursuit of understanding psychosocial variables (e.g., personality to cultural differences) associated with precautionary behaviors. However, little is known about the role social capital and responsibility may play on these behaviors in the context of COVID-19. The present work assessed psychological variables associated with social capital and responsibility (e.g. agreeableness, empathy, social support, justice, impulsivity, civic behaviors), which help the development of socially valuable activities leading individuals to comply with preventative measures. The present study, using 3 different Mexican samples (sample 1, n=709; sample 2, n=718; sample 3, n= 309) explored the effect of social capital, civic culture, and associated variables (e.g., personality, social support) on COVID-19 related precautionary behaviors using hierarchical linear regressions and mediational models. In the first sample, we explored the relationship between empathy, impulsivity, and precautionary behaviors. In the second sample, we explored whether trust in authorities, social support, and social pressure predicted these behaviors. In the third sample, we used a longitudinal design to assess the mediating role of prosocial and socially responsible behaviors between personality and precautionary behaviors. Results from the first sample showed that empathy predicted precautionary behaviors. In the second sample, we observed that although legitimacy and distributive justice did not predict precautionary behaviors, social pressure had a negative and social support had a positive effect on these behaviors. Finally, our longitudinal data suggested that those who report higher conscientiousness and agreeableness also report more socially responsible and prosocial behaviors and in turn report higher precautionary behaviors. In general, results from all samples, showed that the variables associated with social capital and responsibility are significantly related with increased report of precautionary behaviors. These results suggest that efforts should be focused on increasing social capital and responsibility while seeking to reduce the spread and deleterious effects of infectious diseases like COVID-19.