Gold and platinum bimetallic nanoparticles, Au@PtNPs, have gained attention due to their plasmonic properties. The controlled synthesis of Au@PtNPs involves complex parameters, and the resulting synergy between Au and Pt introduces possibilities for tailoring their properties. This study explores the effects of key-parameters of synthesis (gold core diameters, reaction time, and Pt concentration) on the final properties of Au@PtNPs. Gold nanoparticles of varying diameters were synthesized and used as cores for the reduction of hexachloroplatinic acid, forming a surrounding shell of Pt nanoparticles. The parameters were systematically tuned to understand their impact on morphology, dimension, stability, and plasmonic properties of Au@PtNPs. Increasing Pt precursor concentration resulted in thicker and denser Pt shells, broadening the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band and improving Au@PtNPs stability. These properties are essential for applications such as photothermal treatment. The synthesis achieved satisfactory products within just 1 h of Pt4+ reduction at mild temperature without using surfactants. Only limited changes in plasmonic properties were observed after 4 h of synthesis, suggesting an optimal reaction period. Manipulating Au core diameter provided LSPR band control, with smaller cores exhibiting greater broadening towards the infrared region. This systematic exploration provided valuable insights for understanding key-parameters governing the synthesis and properties of Au@PtNPs. AuPtNPs PtNPs keyparameters key gold time acid morphology dimension stability shells (LSPR treatment Pt4 surfactants period control region

The focus of this manuscript is to present the extension project “(Re)thinking the (in)differences: the deconstructions and resistance to transversal themes in the teaching of Natural Sciences”, as well as analyzing its potential when working with continued training work by teachers, promoting debate, discussion, and reflection on the use of contemporary cross-cutting themes in chemistry and science classes. It was also intended to stimulate class planning, the production of strategies and teaching material by educators motivated by the need to reform thinking and regenerate teaching, considering social themes that seek the empowerment of groups placed on the margins of the education system, so that they undertake training that is a collective achievement and built with social discussions. Rethinking Re indifferences differences (in)differences Sciences, Sciences , Sciences” teachers debate discussion crosscutting cross cutting classes planning system discussions

Resumo Interpreto as relações entre o abandono e a rememoração a partir das possibilidades de ressignificação da Fábrica de Cimento Portland de Perus. Abandonada desde a década de 1970, as instalações da falida Companhia Brasileira de Cimento Portland são, hoje, objeto de ações culturais de movimentos sociais de Perus, distrito da zona noroeste da Cidade de São Paulo. Estes procuram retomar memórias pessoais e coletivas da chamada Greve dos Queixadas, que tomou a Fábrica durante sete anos e legou ao território uma identidade de luta por direitos e cidadania. A partir da análise de entrevistas, discuto como um desses coletivos, a Comunidade Cultural Quilombaque, elabora uma contranarrativa que se opõe ao esquecimento para anunciar as potencialidades de seu território. Perus 1970 são hoje Paulo Queixadas cidadania entrevistas coletivos Quilombaque 197 19 1

Abstract In this paper, I interpret the relationship between abandonment and remembrance based on possibilities for re-signifying the Perus Portland Cement Factory. Abandoned since the 1970s, the facilities of the bankrupt Companhia Brasileira de Cimento Portland are today the object of cultural actions organized by social movements in Perus, a district in the northwest of the city of São Paulo. The movements aim to recapture personal and collective memories of the so-called Queixadas Strike, which took over the factory for seven years and left to the territory an identity of struggle for rights and citizenship. Based on the analysis of interviews, I discuss the counter-narrative created by one of these collectives, the Comunidade Cultural Quilombaque, to oppose oblivion and announce the potential of its territory. paper resignifying re signifying Factory 1970s s Paulo socalled so called Strike citizenship interviews counternarrative counter narrative collectives Quilombaque

Abstract This article aims to provide an overview of the diagnostic imaging techniques currently available for the study of peripheral nerves. It focuses on reviewing the anatomy, since an adequate knowledge is essential for the correct interpretation of the images. The use of ultrasound, its indications, its use in the most common pathologies, advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is analyzed, including MRI neurography, which refers to an optimization of standard sequences to enhance the contrast of peripheral nerves and adjacent anatomical structures. Other techniques under development are also mentioned, such as elastography, which is shown to be a promising complementary technique to standard ultrasound, diffusion tensor imaging and tractography, discussing their future possibilities in the study of peripheral nerves.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo proporcionar una descripción general de las modalidades de diagnóstico por imágenes disponibles actualmente para el estudio de los nervios periféricos. Se enfoca en la revisión de la anatomía, por cuanto un conocimiento adecuado es fundamental para la correcta interpretación de las imágenes. Se discute el uso del ultrasonido, sus indicaciones, su uso en patologías más frecuentes, ventajas y desventajas. Se analiza el uso de la resonancia magnética (RM), incluyendo la neurografía por RM, que se refiere a una optimización de las secuencias estándar para mejorar el contraste de los nervios periféricos y estructuras anatómicas adyacentes. Se mencionan además otras técnicas en desarrollo como la elastografía, que se muestra como una prometedora técnica complementaria al ultrasonido estándar, el tensor de difusión y la tractografía, discutiendo sus posibilidades futuras en el estudio de nervios periféricos.

Resumo: Desde os primórdios das ciências sociais durante o século 18 europeu, a filosofia manteve uma relação problemática com elas, particularmente com a sociologia. Apesar do processo histórico de progressiva estruturação e diferenciação das ciências sociais da filosofia, a discussão não está de modo algum definitivamente resolvida, pelo menos do ponto de vista da filosofia. Este artigo revisa a posição do sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu a esse respeito. Contra a ideia segundo a qual, para Bourdieu, tanto a filosofia quanto as ciências sociais são capazes de elaborar problemas e conceitos, diferenciando-se apenas por seus métodos e mantendo um frutífero intercâmbio teórico entre si, uma leitura processual de sua obra, apoiada em estudos historiográficos recentes, revelam uma posição mais radical segundo a qual as ciências sociais desenvolveram a capacidade autônoma de elaborar o conhecimento científico autêntico. Assim, a ambiguidade de Bourdieu em relação à filosofia nada mais seria do que a aparência superficial de um processo de ruptura permanente, que o desenvolvimento de sua sociologia exigia. Resumo 1 europeu elas resolvida respeito conceitos diferenciandose diferenciando se si obra recentes autêntico Assim permanente exigia

Abstract: Since the origins of the social sciences during the European eighteenth century, philosophy has maintained a problematic relationship with them, particularly with sociology. Despite the historical process of progressive structuring and differentiation of the social sciences from philosophy, the discussion is by no means definitively settled, at least from the point of view of philosophy. This article reviews the position of the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu in this regard. Against the idea according to which, for Bourdieu, both philosophy and the social sciences are capable of elaborating problems and concepts, differing only by their methods and maintaining a fruitful theoretical exchange with each other, a processual reading of his work, supported by recent historiographical studies, reveal a more radical position according to which the social sciences have developed the autonomous capacity to elaborate authentic scientific knowledge. Thus, Bourdieu's ambiguity in relation to philosophy would be nothing more than the superficial appearance of a permanent rupture process, which the development of his sociology required. Abstract century them settled regard concepts other work studies knowledge Thus Bourdieus s required

Resumen: Desde los orígenes de las ciencias sociales durante el siglo 18 europeo, la filosofía ha mantenido con ellas una relación problemática, particularmente con la sociología. No obstante el proceso histórico de estructuración y diferenciación progresiva de las ciencias sociales respecto de la filosofía, la discusión no está para nada definitivamente zanjada, al menos desde el punto de vista de la filosofía. En este artículo se revisa la posición del sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu al respecto. En contra de la idea según la cual, para Bourdieu, tanto la filosofía como las ciencias sociales son capaces de elaborar problemas y conceptos, diferenciándose solamente por sus métodos y manteniendo entre sí un fecundo intercambio teórico, una lectura procesual de su obra, apoyada en estudios historiográficos recientes, revelan una postura más radical según la cual las ciencias sociales han desarrollado la capacidad autónoma de elaborar un auténtico conocimiento científico. Así, la ambigüedad de Bourdieu en relación con la filosofía, no sería más que la apariencia superficial de un proceso de ruptura permamente, que el desarrollo de su sociología requirió. Resumen 1 europeo problemática zanjada conceptos teórico obra recientes científico Así permamente requirió

Abstract The text explores the relevance of counterfactual history in the academic field, highlighting its usefulness in historical interpretation. Quentin Deluermoz and Pierre Singaravélou, in their work A Past of Possibilities: A History of What Could Have Been (2016), argue that this approach, far from being mere speculation, offers a moral and political dimension by enabling reflection on what might have been. Counterfactual history is taken as an exercise in imagination and experimentation which is crucial for understanding the past. As exemplified in literature and media, this perspective invites consideration of alternative futures, thus enriching the historical narrative. This orientation challenges the traditional perception of history, emphasizing its contingent nature and broadening the understanding of past events.

Resumen El texto explora la relevancia de la historia contrafactual en el ámbito académico, destacando su utilidad en la interpretación histórica. Quentin Deluermoz y Pierre Singaravélou, en su obra A Past of Possibilities: A History of What Could Have Been (2016), argumentan que este enfoque, lejos de ser mera especulación, ofrece una dimensión moral y política al permitir reflexionar sobre lo que pudo haber sido. La historia contrafactual se entiende como un ejercicio de imaginación y experimentación vital para comprender el pasado. Ejemplificada en la literatura y medios, esta perspectiva invita a considerar futuros alternativos, enriqueciendo así la narrativa histórica. Esta orientación desafía la percepción tradicional de la historia, subrayando su naturaleza contingente y ampliando la comprensión de los eventos pasados.

RESUMEN Esta investigación aborda la validez del espacio público como auspiciador de la participación política, centrándose en las diversas formas de apropiación del espacio que pueden fomentar dicha participación. El objetivo principal consiste en demostrar las posibilidades de acción política de las y los ciudadanos al expresar su desacuerdo a través de distintos procesos de apropiación del espacio público: la apropiación por dominación, por rebelión, la apropiación vandálica y artística. Se sostiene que la legitimidad de un sistema de gobierno puede cuestionarse o debilitarse según la actuación pública del cuerpo ciudadano contra el Estado o la entidad que ejerce la soberanía sobre el espacio. El análisis se llevará a cabo desde la filosofía política de la vertiente disociativa y el realismo político a través de los conceptos de conflicto, soberanía y desacuerdo.

ABSTRACT This research addresses the validity of public space as a promoter of political participation, focusing on the various forms of appropriation of space that can foster said participation. The main objective is to demonstrate the possibilities of political action of citizens by expressing their disagreement through different processes of appropriation of public space: appropriation by domination, appropriation by rebellion, vandalic, and artistic appropriation. It will be argued that the legitimacy of a government system can be questioned or weakened depending on the public actions of the citizen body against the State or the entity that exercises sovereignty over space. The analysis will be carried out from the political philosophy of the dissociative aspect and political realism, through the concepts of conflict, sovereignty, and disagreement.

Abstract The presence of moisture in buildings can lead to pathological manifestations, and the behavior of materials when exposed to various conditions can be predicted through computational simulations. For this purpose, the hygrothermal characteristics of building elements are paramount. In Brazil, there is a gap in studies on the hygrothermal properties of materials, compromising simulations. This article discusses the possibilities of using European data in simulating moisture transport in ceramic brick walls in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The results were generated by comparing hygrothermal simulations with WUFI Pro 6.5 using the simulation program database with data collected from laboratory tests on ceramic bricks from a southern Brazilian brickyard. Tests for water vapor diffusion resistance, water absorption, and hygroscopic curves were conducted. Although both situations led to the growth of filamentous fungi, experimental data led to3% lower values compared to database results. Regarding surface condensation, a likely higher occurrence was observed when using laboratory test data. manifestations purpose paramount Brazil Sul 65 6 5 6. brickyard resistance absorption conducted fungi to3 condensation

Resumo A presença de umidade nos edifícios pode gerar o aparecimento demanifestações patológicas. Pode-se prever o comportamento de materiais expostos a condições diversas através de simulações computacionais. Para isso, as características higrotérmicas dos elementos de construção são fundamentais. No Brasil, há uma lacuna nos estudos sobre as propriedades higrotérmicas dos materiais, comprometendo as simulações. Esse artigo discuteas possibilidades de utilização de dados europeus na simulação do transporte de umidade em paredes de tijolos cerâmicos na região Sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados foram gerados comparando-se simulações higrotérmicas com o software WUFI Pro 6.5 utilizando a base de dados do programa de simulação, com dados coletados em ensaios de laboratório para tijolo cerâmico de uma olaria do Sul do Brasil. Foram realizados ensaios de resistência à difusão de vapor de água, absorção de água e curvas higroscópicas. Embora ambas as situações conduziram ao crescimento de fungos filamentosos, os dados experimentais geraram resultados 3% inferiores à base de dados. Quanto à condensação superficial, observou-se provável maior ocorrência ao utilizar os dados dos ensaios. patológicas Podese Pode se computacionais isso fundamentais Brasil comparandose comparando 65 6 5 6. higroscópicas filamentosos 3 superficial observouse observou

ABSTRACT Women perceive transitions to peace as "windows of opportunity" to mobilize their perspectives and advance their interests in peace. In the case of Colombia, these windows are exceptional for highlighting actions taken in favor of peace amidst the conflict. However, gender also plays a role, as transitions bring possibilities while the context of violence and discrimination against women persists. The experiences of women in armed conflict and their involvement in peace processes are not universally shared. While women share common goals in promoting and safeguarding their rights, the strategies and methods employed to achieve these objectives vary depending on several factors, often favoring the participation of well-informed and connected groups. This article analyzes the windows of opportunity created by women within the peace process between the Colombian Government and the FARC-EP (2012-2016), examining the functioning of transitional justice in Colombia.

RESUMEN Las mujeres ven en las transiciones hacia la paz unas "ventanas de oportunidad" para movilizar sus perspectivas e intereses sobre la paz. En el caso de Colombia, estas ventanas son extraordinarias para visibilizar las acciones en pro de la búsqueda de la paz durante el conflicto, sin embargo, estas también son afectadas por el género; las transiciones abren posibilidades, pero el contexto de violencia y discriminación que sufren las mujeres en lo cotidiano del conflicto no se suspende durante las transiciones. La experiencia de las mujeres en el conflicto armado y su participación en los procesos de paz no es universal. Las mujeres tienen puntos en común en las agendas que buscan garantizar y avanzar sus derechos, pero las estrategias y los medios empleados para alcanzar la incorporación e implementación de dichos objetivos depende de diversos factores que usualmente favorecen la participación de los colectivos mejor informados y conectados. El artículo ofrece un análisis de las ventanas de oportunidad construidas por las mujeres en el marco del proceso de paz entre el Gobierno de Colombia y las FARC-EP (2012-2016), a través de un análisis del funcionamiento de la justicia transicional en Colombia.

Resumo: O objetivo do artigo centrouse em analisar a percepção que o pessoal docente costarriquenho tem sobre o uso ético da inteligência artificial (IA) em seu trabalho educativo. O documento investiga a inteligência artificial na educação, abordando sua definição, características e como ela é percebida pelo pessoal docente nos níveis primário, secundário e universitário da Costa Rica. Examina também as considerações éticas na sua implementação no ensino e a diversidade das ferramentas de IA, a sua aplicação e a experiência do pessoal docente no seu uso. A investigação foi realizada usando um enfoque misto concorrente e amparada em técnicas de análise descritiva. Além disso, a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário, do qual participaram 134 docentes de toda a área educativa costarriquenha. Para análise dos dados foram utilizadas estratégias qualitativas e quantitativas. Os resultados indicam que a familiaridade do pessoal docente com a inteligência artificial na educação é limitada. Da mesma forma, algumas pessoas desconhecem as capacidades da IA para adaptar o conteúdo para uma aprendizagem individualizada, embora acreditem que poderia ajudar a apoiar os estudantes. Concluise que o pessoal docente revela compreensão da importância em relação à abordagem e às implicações éticas do uso da IA em sala de aula. Por último, é necessária mais formação sobre a utilização otimizada das ferramentas de IA.

Resumen. El objetivo del artículo se enfocó en analizar la percepción que tiene el personal docente costarricense con respecto al uso ético de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en su labor educativa. El documento se adentra en la inteligencia artificial en la educación, abordando su definición, características y cómo es percibida por el personal docente de niveles de primaria, secundaria y universitaria de Costa Rica. También examina las consideraciones éticas en su implementación en la enseñanza y la diversidad de herramientas de IA, su aplicación y la experiencia de las personas docentes en su uso. La investigación se llevó a cabo utilizando un enfoque mixto concurrente y se apoyó en técnicas de análisis descriptivos. Además, la recopilación de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario, en el que participaron 134 personas docentes de todo el ámbito educativo costarricense. Para el análisis de datos, se emplearon estrategias cualitativas y cuantitativas. Los resultados indican que la familiaridad del personal docente con la inteligencia artificial en la educación es limitada. Asimismo, algunas personas des- conocen las capacidades de la IA para adaptar el contenido al aprendizaje individualizado, aunque consideran que podría ayudar a apoyar al estudiantado. Se concluye que el personal docente revela una comprensión de la importancia en relación con el abordaje y las implicaciones éticas del uso de la IA en el aula. Finalmente, es necesaria una mayor formación sobre el uso óptimo de las herramientas de IA.

Abstract: The main objective of the article is to analyze the perception of Costa Rican teachers regarding the ethical use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in their educational work. The paper deals with AI in education, its definition, characteristics and how it is perceived by Costa Rican teachers at the elementary, high school and university levels. It also discusses the ethical considerations regarding its use for educational purposes and the diversity of AI tools, their application and the experiences that teachers have had with them. The research was conducted using a concurrent mixed methods approach and relied on descriptive analysis techniques. For data collection, 134 teachers from all educational backgrounds in Costa Rica responded to a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative strategies. The results show that teachers have limited knowledge about the use of Artificial Intelligence for educational purposes. Also, although some of them consider that AI could be useful to support students, they are not aware of the possibilities that AI offers to adapt content for individualized learning. The article concludes that teachers are aware of the importance of the AI approach and the ethical implications of using it in the classroom. Finally, there is a need for better training on how to best use AI tools.

ABSTRACT. This paper explores the legal nature of mortgages created to secure third-party debts. By analyzing the doctrinal challenges associated with this concept, it explores its application within the different insolvency proceedings outlined in Act 20,720 (the Chilean insolvency law). We aim to highlight several gaps and practical problems that may ultimately hinder the achievement of the purpose of these proceedings, at least in terms of the goal of maximizing creditors' collection possibilities.

RESUMEN. El presente trabajo explora la naturaleza jurídica de la hipoteca que se constituye para asegurar deudas ajenas; tras comprobar las dificultades dogmáticas de dicha figura, la proyecta en los diversos procedimientos concursales previstos en la Ley 20.720, que contiene la regulación de insolvencia en Chile. Todo ello con el fin de evidenciar múltiples vacíos y problemas prácticos que pueden terminar dificultando el logro de la finalidad de estos procedimientos, al menos en lo que respecta a la pretensión de maximización de las posibilidades de cobro de los acreedores.

RESUMO Nossa intenção neste artigo é pensar uma proposta didática que entrelace teorias como decolonidade (Mignolo, 2003, 2007; Quijano, 2005; Walsh, 2009, 2013, 2020), estudos do letramento (Street, 2003, 2014; Kleiman, 1995, 2006; Soares, 2003; Rojo, 2009), criticidade (Aguiar, 2022; Freire, 1997, 2006; Carbonieri, 2016) e interculturalidade crítica (Walsh, 2007, 2009, 2010), chegando à constituição do conceito de Letramento Cartográfico Digital Crítico. A ideia é que, por meio de uma pedagogia decolonial, esses conceitos entrem em convergência e, de forma orgânica, a síntese construída a partir do diálogo dessas teorias possa oportunizar outras possibilidades de estar, ser, sentir, existir, fazer, pensar, olhar, escutar e saber (Walsh, 2013) na escola através da produção de mapas virtuais, interativos e decoloniais. Mignolo, Mignolo (Mignolo 2003 2007 Quijano 2005 Walsh 2009 2013 2020, 2020 , 2020) Street, Street (Street 2014 Kleiman 1995 2006 Soares Rojo 2009) Aguiar, Aguiar (Aguiar 2022 Freire 1997 Carbonieri 2016 (Walsh 2010, 2010 2010) Crítico decolonial orgânica estar ser sentir existir fazer olhar virtuais decoloniais 200 201 202 199 20 19 2 1

ABSTRACT Our intention in this article is to think of a didactic proposal that intertwines theories such as decolonity (Mignolo, 2003, 2007; Quijano, 2005; Walsh, 2009, 2013, 2020), literacy studies (Street, 2003, 2014; Kleiman, 1995, 2006; Soares, 2003; Rojo, 2009), criticality (Aguiar, 2022; Freire, 1997, 2006; Carbonieri, 2016) and critical interculturality (Walsh, 2007, 2009, 2010), arriving at the constitution of the concept of Critical Digital Cartographic Literacy . The idea is that, through a decolonial pedagogy, these concepts converge and, in an organic way, the synthesis built from the dialogue of these theories can provide other possibilities of being, being, feeling, existing, doing, thinking, looking, listening and knowing (Walsh, 2013) at school through the production of virtual, interactive and decolonial maps. Mignolo, Mignolo (Mignolo 2003 2007 Quijano 2005 Walsh 2009 2013 2020, 2020 , 2020) Street, Street (Street 2014 Kleiman 1995 2006 Soares Rojo 2009) Aguiar, Aguiar (Aguiar 2022 Freire 1997 Carbonieri 2016 (Walsh 2010, 2010 2010) pedagogy way being feeling existing doing thinking looking virtual maps 200 201 202 199 20 19 2 1

Abstract Introduction: The brackish lagoons are ecosystems with great diversity and possibilities for human use. Therefore, the knowledge about phytoplankton needs to be improved to understand its real impact. Objective: To relate the Mandinga’s Lagoon phytoplankton to the limnological conditions during the dry and wet seasons. Methods: The material was collected in three stations: Isla Conchas (ICO), Mandinga Chica (MCH) and Isla del Amor (IA) during the dry (March 2018) and wet (September 2017 and 2018) seasons. The limnological analysis included ten abiotic variables, and the phytoplankton was analyzed by the Utermöhl method. Data was analyzed with the Shannon index (H') and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Results: 136 species were identified: 68.4 % Heterokontophyta, 22.8 % Dinoflagellata, and 5.9 % Cyanobacteria; with 40 euryhaline and 96 stenohaline. The most abundant species were: Bacillaria paxillifera, Chaetoceros compressus, Coscinodiscus rothii, and Chaetoceros atlanticus. The highest abundance was in ICO (dry) and the lowest in MCH (wet), with 307 x 103 and 76 x 103 cells/ml, respectively; the H' ranged from 1.31 to 0.70 bits/ind. The CCA showed a relationship between salinity and dissolved oxygen with C. rothii and Ceratoneis closterium. The phosphates were associated with B. paxillifera, C. atlanticus, and Podosira stelligera. The nitrate, water temperature and pH were related to Tripos hircus, T. furca, Diploneis bombus, and Merismopedia elegans. In contrast, Skeletonema costatum, Cocconeis scutelum, and Nitzschia bicapitata did not correlate with the limnological variables. Conclusions: The Mandinga’s Lagoon is a shallow, euryhaline and well-oxygenated ecosystem. The dominance of diatoms and dinoflagellates was evidenced by their ability to survive in different salinities and temperatures. It is recommended monitor phytoplankton, in particular Microcystis wesenbergii, B. quinquecornis, Pseudo-nitzschia cf. pungens, and P. cf. pseudodelicatissima as they are harmful algae.

Resumen Introducción: Las lagunas salobres son ecosistemas de alta diversidad y con posibilidades para uso humano. Por lo que es necesario mejorar el conocimiento del fitoplancton para entender su impacto real. Objetivo: Relacionar el fitoplancton de la Laguna Mandinga con las condiciones limnológicas durante épocas de secas y lluvias. Métodos: El material se recolectó en tres estaciones: Isla Conchas (ICO), Mandinga Chica (MCH) e Isla del Amor (IA) en secas (marzo 2018) y lluvias (septiembre 2017 y 2018). El análisis limnológico incluyó diez variables abióticas, además del fitoplancton mediante el método de Utermöhl. Los datos fueron analizados por el índice de Shannon (H') y Correspondencia Canónica (ACC). Resultados: Análisis de 136 especies; 68.4 % Heterokontophyta, 22.8 % Dinoflagellata, 5.9 % Cyanobacteria; con 40 eurihalinas y 96 estenohalinas. Las especies más abundantes fueron: Bacillaria paxillifera, Chaetoceros compressus, Coscinodiscus rothii y Chaetoceros atlanticus. La mayor abundancia se registró en ICO (secas) y la menor en MCH (lluvias) con 307 x 103 y 76 x 103 cell/ml, respectivamente. El H' osciló entre 1.31 y 0.70 bits/ind. El CCA mostró una relación entre salinidad y oxígeno disuelto con C. rothii y Ceratoneis closterium. Los fosfatos se asociaron con B. paxillifera, C. atlanticus y Podosira stelligera. Los nitratos, temperatura y pH se correlacionaron con Tripos hircus, T. furca, Diploneis bombus y Merismopedia elegans. Mientras, Skeletonema costatum, Cocconeis scutelum y Nitzschia bicapitata no presentaron correlación con las variables limnológicas. Conclusiones: La Laguna Mandinga es un ecosistema somero, eurihalino y bien oxigenado. La dominancia de diatomeas y dinoflagelados se evidenció por su capacidad para sobrevivir en diferentes concentraciones de salinidad y temperatura. Sugerimos monitorear al fitoplancton por la presencia de Microcystis wesenbergii, B. quinquecornis, Pseudo-nitzschia cf. pungens y P. cf. pseudodelicatissima ya que pueden formar proliferaciones dañinas.

Abstract. This article presents a proposal to study cultural practices that occur in urban spaces at socially specific times: during the nights and towards weekends. We explore the musical scenes of rock and fandango jarocho in the city of Xalapa, Veracruz, through their technocultural history, with the aim of describing and differentiating them in terms of forms and possibilities for the production of localized nocturnities. To structure the analysis, different cultural temperatures are established according to our nomenclature: cold, temperate, and hot orders, the last of which is intense and diverse, concentrating collective practices and identifications. These orders correspond to a practical division of the week, but they also allow for various ways of managing time and, consequently, constructing community. This is an initial work in the emerging field of sociocultural studies of the night, focused on the dynamics that produce urban cultural diversity.

Resumen. Este artículo presenta una propuesta para estudiar prácticas culturales que ocurren en el espacio urbano en tiempos socialmente específicos: durante las noches y hacia los fines de semana. Exploramos las escenas musicales del rock y del fandango jarocho en la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz, mediante su historia tecnocultural, con el fin de describir y diferenciarlas en cuanto formas y posibilidades de producción de nocturnidades localizadas. Para estructurar el análisis, se establece, según nuestra nomenclatura, diferentes temperaturas culturales: los órdenes frío, templado y caliente, el último de los cuales se muestra intenso y diverso, concentrando prácticas e identificaciones colectivas. Dichos órdenes corresponden a una división práctica de la semana, pero además admiten diversas maneras de administrar el tiempo y, por ende, construir la comunidad. Se trata de un trabajo inicial en la línea emergente de los estudios socioculturales de la noche, enfocado en las dinámicas que producen la diversidad cultural urbana.

SUMMARY: The rapid advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed our lives by connecting objects and creating an intelligent environment that drives automation and massive data collection. IoT has overcome challenges through remote monitoring, robotics, and sensors, with powerful wireless technologies opening up possibilities in various fields, including anatomical techniques. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of integrating IoT technology into the body maceration process by developing a low-cost, accessible, automated maceration control device compatible with theArduino IDE programming environment. Using an open-source NodeMCU system based on the ESP-12E chip, which employs the LUA programming language and is compatible with Arduino IDE, we incorporated a microSD card reader module for data storage, a digital temperature sensor (DS18B20), a clock module (DS3231), a magnetic stirrer, and an aquarium heater controlled by a digital thermostat with relay (W1209). To validate the device, we conducted maceration tests on C57BL mice, comparing two groups: Control (n=5; weight=17g) subjected to maceration in 4 liters of water at 10°C without agitation; Experimental (n=5; weight=17g) exposed to maceration in 4 liters of water at 35°C, with agitation at 1500 r/min and water flow renewal at a rate of 900 ml/h. Specimens were evaluated for their degree of maceration, cleaned, weighed, and photographed. The maceration time for the control and experi- mental groups was 730 hours and 60 hours, respectively. In the experimental group, no foul odors, damage, or bone demineralization were detected. The device cost was 60 USD, and programming through the Arduino IDE environment was straightforward. The focus on hardware contributed to accessibility and time savings. The system operated with a conventional power supply and required a water supply, making it adaptable to various configurations with greater capacity. Under this configuration, we effectively controlled the variables (temperature, agitation, and water flow). The NodeMCU-based bone maceration system improved the performance and adaptability of existing systems and increased accessibility by reducing costs, complexity, and foul odors.

RESUMEN: El rápido avance del Internet de las Cosas (IoT) ha transformado nuestras vidas al conectar objetos y crear un entorno inteligente que impulsa la automatización y la recolección masiva de datos. El IoT ha superado desafíos a través del monitoreo remoto, la robótica y los sensores, con tecnologías inalámbricas potentes que abren posibilidades en diversos campos, incluidas la anatomía y las técnicas anatómicas. El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar la viabilidad y los beneficios de integrar la tecnología IoT en el proceso de maceración cadavérica mediante el desarrollo de un dispositivo de control de maceración automatizado, accesible y de bajo costo, compatible con el entorno de programación Arduino IDE. Usando un sistema NodeMCU de código abierto basado en el chip ESP-12E, que emplea el lenguaje de programación LUA y es compatible con Arduino IDE, incorporamos un módulo lector de tarjetas microSD para el almacenamiento de datos, un sensor de temperatura digital (DS18B20), un módulo de reloj (DS3231), un agitador magnético y un calentador de acuario controlado por un termostato digital con relé (W1209). Para validar el dispositivo, realizamos pruebas de maceración en ratones C57BL, comparando dos grupos: control (n=5; peso=17g) sometido a maceración en 4 litros de agua a 10°C sin agitación; experimental (n=5; peso=17g) expuesto a maceración en 4 litros de agua a 35°C, con agitación a 1500 r/min y renovación del flujo de agua a una velocidad de 900 ml/h. Los especímenes fueron evaluados según su grado de maceración, limpiados, pesados y fotografiados. El tiempo de maceración para los grupos control y experimental fue de 730 horas y 60 horas, respectivamente. En el grupo experimental no se detectaron malos olores, daños ni desmineralización de los huesos. El costo del dispositivo fue de 60 USD y la programación a través del entorno Arduino IDE fue sencilla. El enfoque en el hardware contribuyó a la accesibilidad y al ahorro de tiempo. El sistema operaba con una fuente de alimentación convencional y requería un suministro de agua, lo que lo hace adaptable a diversas configuraciones con mayor capacidad. Bajo esta configuración, controlamos eficazmente las variables (temperatura, agitación y flujo de agua). El sistema de maceración ósea basado en NodeMCU mejoró el rendimiento y la adaptabilidad de los sistemas existentes, y aumentó la accesibilidad al reducir los costos, la complejidad y los malos olores.