Abstract The concept of «aurality» focuses on the material and symbolic properties of space perceived through listening, providing a fertile perspective for understanding the urban environment. This approach challenges the conventional dichotomy between visual and acoustic space by positioning itself at a complex intersection of both domains, implying a critical revision of traditional spatial conceptions. On one hand, it exposes the power relations inherent in visuocentrism as reflected in state maps; on the other hand, it highlights the disruptive and non-Euclidean nature of acoustic space. From this perspective, there is a proposal to explore the interrelation between acoustic and visual space, conceptualizing the aural qualities of places as a relational and bicultural aesthetic capable of enriching the description of urban space. To achieve this objective, techniques such as soundwalks, phonography, and reflexive cartography will be utilized through an exploratory investigation focused on the Port of La Plata.

Resumen La «auralidad» se centra en las propiedades materiales y simbólicas del espacio percibidas a través de la escucha, brindando una perspectiva fértil para entender lo urbano. Este enfoque desafía la dicotomía convencional entre el espacio visual y el acústico al situarse en una intersección compleja entre ambos dominios, lo que implica una revisión crítica de las concepciones tradicionales del espacio. Por un lado, evidencia las relaciones de poder del visuocentrismo de los mapas estatales; por otro, resalta la naturaleza disruptiva y no-euclidiana del espacio acústico. Desde esta perspectiva, se propone explorar la interrelación entre el espacio acústico y el visual, conceptualizando la auralidad de los lugares como una estética relacional y bicultural capaz de enriquecer la descripción del espacio urbano. Para llevar a cabo este objetivo, se utilizarán técnicas como los paseos sonoros, las fonografías y las cartografías reflexivas, mediante una investigación exploratoria centrada en el Puerto de La Plata.

Abstract Autism is a neurobiologically based neurodevelop mental disorder with high prevalence and a clear pre dominance in males. It is characterized by deficits in social cognition and communication, restricted inter ests, and stereotyped behaviors, frequently associated with sensory dysfunction others neurodevelopmental conditions, neuropsychiatric disorders, epilepsy, and/or sleep disorders. This condition will accompany people throughout their lives, which will generate various sup port and treatment needs. People with autism often need to “fit in” and for this they use techniques such as camouflage, also called masking. This attitude has been observed in people with typical development and in people with autism in childhood, adolescence and adult life, although in autistic people this behavior is more intense and takes longer and with more frequency and intensity in autistic adult women. This could explain the underreporting of autism, the later diagnosis, the delay in the therapeutic approach, and the greater presence of anxiety and depression disorders related to the effort that “appearing normal” implies. Even though camouflage people appear to be “normal” and fit in perfectly, this is not an attitude that we should promote and, on the contrary, it is imperative to work to improve the environment and the under standing of each person. In this paper we will analyze the clinical aspects, their relationship with age, sex, and ways of detecting it.

Resumen El autismo es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo de base neurobiológica con alta prevalencia y claro predo mino en varones. Se caracteriza por déficits en la cog nición social y la comunicación, intereses restringidos y conductas estereotipadas, frecuentemente asociado a disfunciones sensoriales, otras condiciones del neuro desarrollo, trastornos neuropsiquiátricos, epilepsia y/o trastornos de sueño. Esta condición acompañará a las personas a lo largo de toda la vida, lo cual generará diversas necesidades de apoyo y tratamientos. Las personas con autismo muchas veces necesitan “encajar”, para ello utilizan técnicas como el camuflaje, también denominada enmascara miento. Esta actitud se ha observado en personas con desarrollo típico y en personas con autismo en la infan cia, adolescencia y vida adulta, aunque en los autistas esta conducta es más intensa y lleva más tiempo, y se la identifica con más frecuencia e intensidad en mujeres adultas autistas. Esto podría explicar el subregistro de autismo, el diagnóstico más tardío, el retraso en el abordaje tera péutico y la mayor presencia de trastornos de ansiedad y depresión relacionados al esfuerzo que implica “pa recer normal”. Si bien las personas al camuflar parecen ser “normales” y encajan perfectamente, ésta no es una actitud que debiera propiciarse, por el contrario es imperativo trabajar para mejorar el entorno y la com prensión de cada persona. En este trabajo analizamos los aspectos clínicos, su relación con la edad, sexo, y formas de detección del mismo.

ABSTRACT Microplastics are generated by the fragmentation of plastic that enters the oceans and is accidentally consumed by various species in the trophic chain. Otariids are considered bioindicators of the presence of microparticles in the environment; however, the level of impact in the coastal area of the Bio-bío region, Chile, is unknown. The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of this polymer in faeces of sea lions (Otaria flavescenses), in the ‘La Poza’ sector, commune of Talcahuano, Bio-bío region. Stool samples were collected, freeze-dried, digested and subsequently filtered to identify microplastics. Microfibres of various colours were found, with a predominance of black. It is concluded that sea lions were indicators of the circulation of microplastics in their food chain in the sampling area.

RESUMEN Los microplásticos se generan por la fragmentación del plástico que ingresa a los océanos y es consumido accidentalmente por diversas especies que se encuentran en la cadena trófica. Los otáridos son considerados como bioindicadores de la presencia de micropartículas en el ambiente; sin embargo, se desconoce el nivel de afectación en la zona costera de la región del Bio-bío, Chile. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la presencia de este polímero en heces de lobos marinos (Otaria flavescens), en el sector ‘La Poza’, comuna de Talcahuano, región del Bio-bío. Se tomaron muestras de heces que fueron liofilizadas, digeridas y posteriormente filtradas para identificar microplásticos. Se encontraron microfibras de varios colores, con predominio del color negro. Se concluye que los lobos marinos fueron indicadores de circulación de microplásticos en su cadena trófica en la zona de muestreo.

To investigate the anthropogenic contamination of the Port of Suape, five surface sediments were collected and subjected to a geochemical characterization based on the determination of environmental biomarkers such as sterols, aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and also metals and arsenic. Sterol analyses point to a moderate level of sewage contamination, while n-alkanes analyses indicated contamination by petroleum in an early stage of biodegradation. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons analyses pointed to a mixture of contributions for the organic matter, which were predominantly found for petrogenic and pyrolytic sources. The quantification of trace metals indicated a low risk to the environment, except for As, which was identified as displaying moderate contamination. During the analysis of all biomarkers, the sediment collected near one of the shipyards was the most affected. These results enable comprehension of the level of contamination in an important Brazilian port and the need to develop remediation policies. Suape sterols arsenic nalkanes n alkanes biodegradation matter sources environment As affected policies

There are many stilts and industry, which discharge sewage, domestic garbage and industrial effluents in the Pouca Saúde River from the port environment of Santos, São Paulo (SP) State. However, ecotoxicological studies in this river are rare. In this study, we seek to fill this gap by analyzing physicochemical, toxicological, and chemical conditions. Surface water and sediment samples were collected at 2 sampling sites with riparian community activities and industrial activities in the summer, autumn, winter and spring. The parameters analyzed were pH, alkalinity, turbidity, salinity, oils, greases, dissolved oxygen (DO), toxicological and cytotoxicity with mitotic index (MI) of onion roots using Allium cepa roots, and concentration of Pb, Zn, Hg, Ni and Cd. Our results showed alterations in the DO, turbidity, oils/greases and reduction of MI when compared to the respective control. Ni and Zn in sediment samples presented concentrations exceeding levels occasionally associated with adverse biological effects “threshold effect level”. These results suggested that the water quality of the Pouca Saúde River is influenced by both presences of heavy metals contamination and the seasons, i.e. by the tide. Thus, the toxic potential monitoring carried out in this study is of paramount importance to this river. industry sewage Santos SP (SP State However rare physicochemical conditions summer autumn spring pH alkalinity turbidity salinity oils greases DO , (DO) (MI Pb Hg Cd oilsgreases control threshold level. level . level” seasons ie i e i.e tide Thus (DO

ABSTRACT Introduction: In institutions, the interaction between information and technology is strategic, decisive and often competitive, making it essential to find solutions to improve this management. Digital technologies and the internet offer resources to improve information and knowledge organization, but they also generate a massive volume of information that complicates these processes. The analysis and evaluation of systems aimed at structuring and retrieving information represent a valuable contribution to the field in a practical and theoretical way. Objective: This article aims to describe the macrostructure of the M4law software, analyzing its elements from the point of view of a knowledge organization system (SOC), specifically relating it to ontologies and their constructs. Methodology: To this end, a brief literature review contextualized knowledge organization, SOC, and ontologies. The M4law analysis started from its most basic elements: objects, going through its hierarchical structure, creating a representation model, and verifying its properties and potential relationships between elements. Results: The analysis found that the system uses structure and language that refer to ontologies, and a comparison was created between the main ontological constructs and the types of objects in M4law. Conclusion: Finally, it was considered that although there is no explicit ontology in the software environment, it operates based on ontological principles and can be identified as a SOC Introduction institutions strategic competitive management processes way Objective Mlaw M law , (SOC) Methodology end model Results Conclusion Finally environment (SOC

RESUMO Introdução: Nas instituições, a interação entre informação e tecnologia é estratégica, decisiva e frequentemente competitiva, tornando essencial encontrar soluções para melhorar esse gerenciamento. As tecnologias digitais e a internet oferecem recursos para aprimorar a organização das informações e do conhecimento, mas também geram um volume massivo de informações que complicam estes processos. A análise e a avaliação de sistemas direcionados à estruturação e recuperação da informação representam uma valiosa contribuição para o campo de forma prática e teórica. Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever a macroestrutura do software M4law, analisando seus elementos sob o ponto de vista de um sistema de organização do conhecimento (SOC), mais especificamente relacionando-o às ontologias e seus constructos. Metodologia: Para tal, realizou-se uma breve revisão de literatura contextualizando a área de organização do conhecimento, os SOC e as ontologias. A análise do M4law partiu de seus elementos mais básicos: os objetos, passando pela sua estrutura hierárquica através da criação de um modelo de representação, bem como a verificação de suas propriedades e potenciais relacionamentos entre elementos. Resultados: A partir da análise, verificou-se que o sistema faz uso de estrutura e linguagem que remetem às ontologias, e criou-se um comparativo entre os principais construtos ontológicos e os tipos de objetos do M4law. Conclusão: Por fim, considerou-se que apesar de não haver uma ontologia de forma explícita na ambientação do software, ele opera com base em princípios ontológicos, podendo ser identificado como um SOC. Introdução instituições estratégica competitiva gerenciamento processos teórica Objetivo Mlaw M law SOC, , (SOC) relacionandoo relacionando constructos Metodologia tal realizouse realizou se básicos representação Resultados verificouse verificou criouse criou Conclusão fim considerouse considerou (SOC

BACKGROUND: Drawing upon the supply chain integration model, this research examined the impact of supply chain integration on resilience. Building resilient supply chains has become paramount because of the complex nature of the contemporary environment. However, adopting supply chain integration mechanisms in the Global South still needs to be stronger OBJECTIVES: The primary objective is to examine the impact of supply chain integration on resilience. This study aims to address the need for more robust supply chain integration mechanisms in the Global South, particularly Namibia, and to explore the relationship between supply chain integration practices and resilience in the Namibian Port Authority METHOD: This study employed a quantitative, correlational approach with a sample of 280 participants from the Namibian Port Authority to establish the relationship between supply chain integration practices and resilience. The data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling RESULTS: Statistical analysis reveals a significant direct impact of supplier, internal, customer and information sharing on supply chain resilience CONCLUSION: Building resilient supply chains is crucial because of the contemporary environment. This study provides evidence of the importance of supply chain integration practices in enhancing resilience and contributes to the scant literature on supplier integration in organisations in sub-Saharan Africa CONTRIBUTION: This study fills a gap in the literature regarding supplier integration in organisations in sub-Saharan Africa. It offers valuable insights for logisticians on the role of supply chain integration in building resilience and provides important insights to logisticians

Waste is an increasing global environmental issue. South Africa's informal sector plays a crucial role in diverting recyclables from landfills. Despite their indispensable contributions, informal recyclers form part of a societal group that is marginalised, negatively labelled and deemed 'disposable' under neoliberal capitalist structures. This article draws on data from interviews held with 21 participants who work in the informal recycling sector in Gqeberha (formerly Port Elizabeth) in South Africa. It investigates the participants' own perceptions of their societal role, of which four became prominent, namely: (1) cleaners of the environment, (2) providers for dependents, (3) informal environmental educators and (4) community uplifters. We argue that the participants' positive self-views can be seen as a powerful counter-narrative that challenges harmful prevailing stereotypes, which allows for a more nuanced perception of their lives and labour. Their positive self-perceptions and resourcefulness should not be interpreted as an endorsement of neoliberal capitalism that compels them to actively combat stigmatisation. Instead, their determination to resist negative stereotypes simultaneously underscores the necessity of confronting stigmatisation in society. TRANSDISCIPLINARY CONTRIBUTION: The parallel themes of agency and autonomy in both informal recycling and entrepreneurship prompt a reconsideration of the conventional entrepreneurial discourse and its applicability to marginalised communities. We recommend that informal recyclers' accumulated knowledge, skill set and well-being be acknowledged to ensure their dignity and that their labour is valued

Abstract The present work aims to present some geohistorical notes about the production of beach space in Northeast Brazil, based on bibliographic research. The Brazilian beach space results from different social practices, some of which emerged through the absorption of behaviors and lifestyles arising from modern westerns. The social appropriation of beaches on the coast of the Northeast took place in the mid-19th century, when local elites turned to the sea, in the context of the incorporation of the so-called "modern maritime practices" (therapeutic baths, vacations, etc.), colonizing an environment previously intended only for “traditional maritime practices” (fishing, defense, and port activity). The transformation and consumption of these spaces were based on the establishment of second homes and infrastructure aimed at the development of tourist activity. In the first part of this article, we characterize the environment and socially on the Northeastern coast, in order to demonstrate the predominance of the beach environment and its social and economic value. Then we seek to discuss the production of beach space in the Northeast, pointing out the geohistorical factors linked to its valorization. Finally, we briefly present the process of production of beach space in a large northeastern city, Recife, highlighting the historical process of appropriation and valorization of its beaches. Brazil research practices westerns mid19th midth mid 19th th century sea socalled so called therapeutic baths vacations etc., etc etc. , etc.) traditional fishing, fishing (fishing defense activity . activity) article value Finally city Recife

Resumo O espaço praiano brasileiro resulta de diferentes práticas sociais, algumas das quais surgidas mediante absorção de comportamentos e estilos de vida advindos da moderno ocidentalidade. A apropriação social das praias no litoral do Nordeste se deu em meados do século XIX, quando as elites locais se voltaram para o mar, no contexto de incorporação das chamadas “práticas marítimas modernas" (banhos terapêuticos, vilegiatura etc.), colonizando um ambiente antes destinado apenas para às “práticas marítimas tradicionais” (pesca, defesa e atividade portuária). A valorização e o consumo desses espaços foram calcados no estabelecimento de segundas residências e de infraestruturas voltadas ao desenvolvimento da atividade turística. O presente trabalho buscou apresentar alguns apontamentos teóricos a propósito da produção do espaço praiano no Nordeste do Brasil, baseando-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e geo-histórica. O artigo está dividido em três partes. Na primeira, caracteriza-se geoambiental e socialmente o litoral Nordestino, afim de demonstrar a predominância do ambiente das praias e o seu valor social e econômico. Em seguida, procura-se discorrer sobre a produção do espaço praiano no Nordeste, apontando os fatores geo-históricos ligados à sua valorização. Por fim, apresenta-se sumariamente o processo de produção do espaço praiano em uma grande cidade nordestina, o Recife, destacando o histórico processo de apropriação e valorização de suas praias. sociais ocidentalidade XIX mar modernas banhos terapêuticos etc., etc etc. , etc.) tradicionais pesca, pesca (pesca portuária. portuária . portuária) turística Brasil baseandose baseando geohistórica. geohistórica geo histórica. histórica geo-histórica partes primeira caracterizase caracteriza Nordestino econômico seguida procurase procura geohistóricos históricos fim apresentase apresenta nordestina Recife

Abstract: Background and Aims: The coastal vegetation of Mazatlán, Mexico, has been scarcely studied due to its removal, which has been caused by the intense transformation of the environment for real estate, tourism, commercial, port and fishing development. However, the Estero del Yugo micro-watershed has one of the last fragments of dry forest in the urban area, which could reveal the biodiversity that the city of Mazatlán had before urbanization. The objectives of this work were to analyze and document the information generated during 25 years in the HCIAD herbarium of the Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD) for the Estero del Yugo micro-watershed, to describe the plant communities and to present the floristic inventory, and thus contribute to future conservation and management programs in the study area. Methods: HCIAD vascular plant records (1996-2022) were analyzed, including georeferenced field observations. The specimens were identified with the help of specialists, and by consulting bibliography and specimens on digital platforms. Key results: The vascular flora comprised 75 families, 275 genera and 393 species of angiosperms, obtained from 756 collection records and 1000 field observations. Fabaceae (57 spp.), Cyperus (12 spp.) and Bromelia pinguin (35 records) were the best represented taxa. Forty-two endemic species to Mexico, 21 regional and three species exclusive to the state of Sinaloa were recognized in addition to four new records for the state. The plant communities present in the area are tropical deciduous forest, coastal tropical scrub, mangrove, water lily, cattail and fire flag wetlands, coastal dune vegetation, halophilous vegetation and urban vegetation. A relict coastal population of Piranhea mexicana was recorded. Conclusions: The vascular flora of the Estero del Yugo micro-watershed represents 10% of the flora of Sinaloa. Because of its scenic beauty, socioecological importance, and seriously threatened plant communities in this area, it should be preserved as a municipal nature reserve.

Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: La vegetación costera de Mazatlán, México, ha sido escasamente estudiada debido a su remoción, que ha sido provocada por la intensa transformación del entorno para el desarrollo inmobiliario, turístico, comercial, portuario y pesquero. Sin embargo, la microcuenca Estero del Yugo posee uno de los últimos fragmentos de selva seca en la zona urbana, que podría revelar la biodiversidad que tenía la ciudad de Mazatlán antes de la urbanización. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron analizar y documentar la información generada durante 25 años en el herbario HCIAD del Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD) para la microcuenca Estero del Yugo, describir las comunidades vegetales y presentar el inventario florístico, con la finalidad de contribuir a futuros programas de conservación y manejo del área de estudio. Métodos: Se analizaron los registros de plantas vasculares del HCIAD (1996-2022), incluyendo observaciones en campo georreferenciadas. Los ejemplares fueron identificados con la ayuda de especialistas, y con la consulta de bibliografía y ejemplares en plataformas digitales. Resultados clave: La flora comprendió 75 familias, 275 géneros y 393 especies de angiospermas, obtenidos de 756 registros de colecta y 1000 observaciones en campo. Fabaceae (57 spp.), Cyperus (12 spp.) y Bromelia pinguin (35 registros) fueron los taxones mejor representados. Se reconocieron 42 especies endémicas de México, 21 regionales y 3 exclusivas de Sinaloa; además, cuatro nuevos registros para el estado. Las comunidades vegetales presentes en la zona son selva baja caducifolia, matorral tropical costero, manglar, nenúfar, tular, popal, vegetación de dunas costeras, halófila y urbana. También se registró una población costera relicta de Piranhea mexicana. Conclusiones: La flora vascular de la microcuenca Estero del Yugo representa 10% de la flora de Sinaloa. Por su belleza escénica, importancia socioecológica y comunidades vegetales gravemente amenazadas en esta zona, debería conservarse como reserva natural municipal.

Resumo A indústria da construção civil é uma das maiores consumidoras de recursos naturais. Por se encontrar em ambiente marinho, por sua magnitude e por sua produção elevada de resíduos da construção civil, obras portuárias possuem potencial poluidor, e a literatura técnico-científica sobre o assunto é incipiente. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar índices de geração de resíduos sólidos durante a construção de um porto. Realizou-se o acompanhamento por 20 meses da gestão de resíduos sólidos ocorrentes na obra do Porto Dom Pedro II, em Paranaguá (PR). Por meio da avaliação aplicável à gestão de resíduos e de medições em campo, o processo de gestão dos resíduos sólidos foi caracterizado quanto aos agentes envolvidos, à origem, ao tipo, à quantidade, à taxa de geração, ao reúso e à destinação final. Foi avaliada a eficiência do processo de gerenciamento, e obtiveram-se índices de geração per capita e por área e de aproveitamento de resíduos. A composição, em massa, dos resíduos sólidos gerados na obra foi: sucata metálica (48%), sucata de madeira (29%), resíduo orgânico (10%), resíduo reciclável (8%) e resíduos perigosos (4%). Os indicadores de geração de resíduos mensais per capita foram calculados em: resíduos orgânicos (12,75 kg), ambulatoriais (8,14g), resíduos perigosos (5,33kg), copos plásticos (70,5 unidades) e equipamentos de proteção individual (3,89 unidades). Quanto à área construída, a geração média mensal de resíduos foi calculada em 0,35 kg/m2 (resíduos perigosos), 3,51 kg/m2 (madeira), 7,5 kg/m2 (sucata metálica) e 0,97 kg/m2 (orgânicos). Além do mapeamento de oportunidades de melhoria, os índices de geração e de aproveitamento calculados podem ser utilizados na gestão de resíduos da construção civil de obras semelhantes.

Abstract The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of natural resources. As it is in a marine environment and due to its magnitude and the high production of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW), port works have a polluting potential and the technical-scientific literature on the subject is incipient. The objective of this research was to critically evaluate waste generation indexes of CDW during the construction of a port. The monitoring of the solid waste management from the Dom Pedro II port site in Paranaguá, Paraná, was carried out for 20 months. Through the assessment applicable to waste management and field measurements, the solid waste management process was characterized in terms of the agents involved, origin, type, quantity, generation rate, reuse, and destination. The efficiency of the management process was evaluated, and waste generation and utilization of Key Performance Indicators, per capita and per area, were obtained. The composition, in mass, of the solid waste generated in the work was: metallic scrap (48%), wood scrap (29%), organic waste (10%), recyclable waste (8%), and hazardous waste (4%). Per capita monthly waste generation indicators were calculated as: organic waste (12.75 kg), outpatient waste (8.14g), hazardous waste (5.33kg), plastic cups (70.5 units), and PPE (3 .89 units). As for the built-up area, the average monthly generation of waste was calculated at 0.35 kg/m² (hazardous waste), 3.51 kg/m² (wood), 7.5 kg/m² (metallic scrap), and 0.97 kg /m² (organic). In addition to mapping opportunities for improvement, the calculated generation and utilization indexes can be used in the CDW management of similar works.

Abstract This paper is the result of a research on the deep transformations that the coastal sector of the port town of Ingeniero White, located in the Bahía Blanca district, underwent between 1968-1971. This port is the third most important in the country, from where a large part of the production of the humid pampas is exported. However, the planning of the petrochemical pole implied the local intervention of transnational capital, the definitive loss of a close contact between the local community and the sea together with the urban and social transformation of the town of Ingeniero White. The proposed objectives are oriented to understand the interrelationships between the community and the natural environment; and to understand how the fragmentation of this interaction occurred through the intervention of private capital facilitated by a favorable political context. The results obtained confirm that in this period of time substantial changes took place in the coastal sector of Bahia. The methodology used is qualitative, consisting of the collection and critical review of primary sources (government reports, press and photographs) and interviews with key informants. As a conclusion, the impact of developmentalist policies that produced disruptions in local communities at the socio-environmental level is highlighted.

Resumen El presente trabajo es el resultado de una investigación sobre las profundas transformaciones que atravesó el sector costero de la localidad portuaria de Ingeniero White, localizada en el partido de Bahía Blanca, entre los años 1968-1971. Dicho puerto es el tercero de importancia dentro del país, desde allí se exporta gran parte de la producción de la pampa húmeda. No obstante, la planificación del polo petroquímico supuso la intervención a nivel local del capital transnacional, la pérdida definitiva de un contacto estrecho entre la comunidad local y el mar junto a la transformación urbana y social de la localidad de Ingeniero White. Los objetivos propuestos se orientan a comprender las interrelaciones entre la comunidad y el entorno natural, y comprender cómo se produjo la fragmentación en dicha interacción a través de la intervención del capital privado facilitado por un contexto político favorable. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que en este lapso de tiempo se produjeron cambios sustanciales en el sector costero bahiense. La metodología utilizada es de carácter cualitativo, consistente en la recopilación y revisión crítica de fuentes primarias (informes gubernamentales, prensa y fotografía) y elaboración de entrevistas a informantes claves. Como conclusión se destaca el impacto de las políticas desarrollistas que produjeron disrupciones en la comunidad local a nivel socio ambiental.

Abstract We assessed the angling conducted in the Santos estuarine area (southeastern Brazil) between September 2012 and November 2013. The results, based on 189 interviews conducted in 38 different fishing locations, showed that shore-based anglers were predominantly residents (78%) and spent US$23 per fishing day. However, 61% of the onboard anglers were from the São Paulo metropolitan area and spent around US$100 per fishing day, generating a potentially important economic impact. Only two of the 15 variables analyzed showed no significant differences between the anglers' categories. According to the anglers' perception the possible pressure on the fishery resources and conflicts regarding resource use and areas in the face of port and industrial activities, urbanization, lack of security, as well as the anglers' time of experience, should be considered in any management measures to be proposed.

Resumo A partir de 2007, um dos maiores empreendimentos portuários do estado do Rio de Janeiro, o Porto do Açu, foi implantado no 50 Distrito do município de São João da Barra. Para a construção de suas megaestruturas, extensas áreas de restinga foram suprimidas e um amplo processo de desapropriação de terras pertencentes a agricultores familiares foi conduzido pelo governo fluminense. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a percepção dos agricultores familiares que habitam o entorno do território para entender suas inter-relações com o meio ambiente onde o Porto do Açu foi instalado, antes e após a chegada deste empreendimento. A partir de uma amostra aleatória de agricultores, a coleta de dados foi realizada com um questionário semiestruturado que foi construído para identificar as interferências positivas e negativas do Porto do Açu no 50 Distrito e nos sistemas agrícolas familiares que existiam em seu interior. Duas localidades foram escolhidas para a composição da amostra: Água Preta e Mato Escuro. A aplicação dos questionários ocorreu entre Maio e Agosto de 2019 com um total de 105 agricultores (65 em Água Preta e 40 em Mato Escuro). Os resultados mostraram que os agricultores consideram que o Porto do Açu interferiu diretamente na sua sustentabilidade social, econômica e ambiental. Os principais impactos ambientais e econômicos elencados pelos agricultores foram: a salinização das águas utilizadas para irrigação de suas plantações e o processo de desapropriação de suas terras. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, além de afetar a dinâmica dos ecossistemas costeiros são-joanenses, dentre eles, restinga e lagoas, o modelo de desenvolvimento econômico adotado pelo Porto do Açu alterou a qualidade de vida destes agricultores e interferiu nas suas áreas agrícolas, afetando diretamente a sua reprodução social.

Abstract Ground was first broken in 2007 for the Açu Port, one of the largest port projects in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in the Fifth District of São João da Barra. Construction of its megastructures involved the clearing of extensive areas of restinga and the execution of a broad process of family-owned farmland expropriation by the Rio de Janeiro government. The objective of this study is to evaluate local family farmers’ perceptions of change as a means to understand their interrelationship with the environment before and after the installation of the Açu Port. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire that was designed to identify the positive and negative interventions related to the Açu Port in the Fifth District and local family farming systems. Two locations were selected for the sampling: Água Preta and Mato Escuro. Questionnaires were applied between May and August 2019 and a total of 105 farmers (65 in Água Preta and 40 in Mato Escuro) were enrolled in the study. The results show that local farmers believed the installation of the Açu Port directly interfered in their social, economic and environmental well-being. The main environmental and economic impacts listed by the farmers were: salinization of water used for irrigation of their plantations and the process of expropriation of their lands. The results obtained demonstrate that in addition to affecting the dynamics of São João da Barra coastal ecosystems, including the restinga and lagoons, the economic development model adopted by the Açu Port has affected the quality of life of these farmers, interfered with their agricultural areas and directly affected their social reproduction.

Resumen: La novela Don Guillermo (1860) de José Victorino Lastarria (1817-1888) incorpora el espacio-tiempo de Valparaíso durante los decenios conservadores de 1830 a 1860, emergente espacio del capital y a la vez foco revolucionario, esto último debido a la geografía de la ciudad, su tradición gremial y la agitación política por parte de grupos ilustrados y radicales. Teniendo en cuenta este subtexto histórico y articulando los conceptos de “espacio”, “imaginarios” y “comunidad” mediante el concepto de “cronotopo”, este trabajo indaga principalmente la representación del espacio porteño en el texto literario. Desde esta perspectiva, la novela de Lastarria se propone como “antiutopía” en el espacio de La cueva del Chivato, y como “utopía” liberal en el espacio modernizado de Valparaíso, estableciendo una negociación simbólica con el rol de la comunidad británica en la ciudad.

Abstract: The novel Don Guillermo (1860) by José Victorino Lastarria (1817-1888) integrates the space-time of Valparaíso during the conservative decades from 1830 to 1860, emergent space of capital and, at the same time, revolutionary focus due to the geography of the city, its trade union tradition and the political unrest promoted by enlightened and radical groups. Considering this historical subtext and articulating the concepts of space, imaginaries, and community through the concept of chronotope, this research mainly investigates the representation of the port city environment in the literary text. From this point of view, Lastarria’s novel is proposed as an anti-utopia in the space of The cave of Chivato, and as a liberal utopia in the modernized space of Valparaíso, establishing a symbolic negotiation with the role of the British community.