Assessing the dynamics of pollutants in the environment is a very complex challenge, primarily because of the large number of variables involved. Thus, in addition to processes that depend on the physicochemical properties of the pollutant and the main characteristics of the contaminated environment, there are less obvious phenomena that also influence the dynamics of pollutants, such as colloid-mediated transport. The objective of this work is to elucidate the main characteristics of this process and its influence on the transport of pollutants through the soil, taking glyphosate as an example. Although this pollutant is strongly retained by soil components, its presence in groundwater is quite frequent, often due to this facilitated transport by colloids. challenge involved Thus colloidmediated colloid mediated example components frequent colloids

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor used in different commercial polymers, is a persistent pollutant commonly found in effluents. Conventional wastewater treatment processes have low chemical removal efficiency and are expensive. This work evaluated BPA removal using laccase enzyme produced from white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. For the enzymatic production, residues of acai berry and pineapple were used as laccase inducers. The use of natural inducers led to a high enzyme production (1139 and 1031 U mL−1 to acai and pineapple, respectively). Bisphenol A was removed to a concentration lower than LOD (limit of detection) after 4 h. The degradation mechanism of BPA occurred by oxidation of methyl to hydroxymethyl group in a propane portion, with breakdown of the aromatic ring. The developed technology brought to the scene a new green, viable methodology, using vegetable waste, adding value to these residues and bringing an alternative to the BPA treatment. BPA, , (BPA) polymers effluents expensive ostreatus 1139 (113 103 mL1 mL 1 mL− respectively. respectively . respectively) limit detection h portion ring green methodology waste (BPA 113 (11 10 11 (1 (

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and related materials have been studied for a long time and their application in catalytic processes remain attractive due to the tuned properties, morphologies and metal-support interactions obtained from a variety of composition and synthesis route. In this mini-review, some important reactions, such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, reduction, carbon-carbon cross-couplings and water-gas shift will be emphasized along with the role of LDHs as catalysts, co-catalysts or catalytic precursors when it was clearly indicated. (LDHs properties metalsupport metal support route minireview, minireview mini review, review mini-review reactions photocatalysis electrocatalysis reduction carboncarbon carbon crosscouplings cross couplings watergas water gas catalysts cocatalysts co indicated

To control vehicle emissions, the new homologation process must be reported according to the California Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) scale’s procedure to calculate the ozone forming potential (OFP) of each new vehicle. This work calculates an MIR scale suitable for the Brazilian reality. Meteorological and hourly pollutant data from the Bangu Automatic Air Quality Station was inventoried and processed from March to September 2020 to adjust OZIPR Lagrangean model and obtain the MIR scale by making small increments in the concentrations of each volatile organic compounds (VOC) and calculate the ozone increase/decrease. It was found that the VOC that had the greatest impact on ozone formation was 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, with 2.06 ppb O3 ppbC-1 VOC. The OFP was calculated based on the VOC emissions of a vehicle and it was found a value of 9.421 mg O3 km-1, a much lower value when compared using the California MIR scale of 136.608 mg O3 km-1. It is concluded that meteorological conditions and VOC speciation data in the air mixture in the studied region directly affect the photochemical reactions of ozone formation. (MIR scales s (OFP reality 202 (VOC increasedecrease increase decrease increase/decrease 1,2,4trimethylbenzene, 124trimethylbenzene trimethylbenzene 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene, 1 2 4 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 206 06 2.0 O ppbC1 ppbC ppbC- 9421 9 421 9.42 km1, km1 km 1, km-1 136608 136 608 136.60 km1. 1. 20 4trimethylbenzene 1,2,4trimethylbenzene 124 1,2, 0 2. 942 42 9.4 km- 13660 13 60 136.6 12 1,2 94 9. 1366 6 136.

Resumen En Cuba, la falta de equipos de medición, el alto costo de las estaciones de contaminación atmosférica y las limitantes para acceder a nuevas tecnologías, dificultan el monitoreo continuo de la calidad del aire. Por tales motivos, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo, caracterizar contaminantes criterio empleando el modelo System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric coMposition. Se obtuvo una serie diaria de concentraciones estimadas de contaminantes criterio en La Habana durante el año 2021. Se realizó una caracterización del comportamiento de los contaminantes analizando las concentraciones medias diarias y medias mensuales. Se realizó una revisión de los días en que las concentraciones sobrepasaban los valores de las concentraciones máximas admisibles establecidas en la Norma Cubana. Además, se compararon estos resultados con los Valores Guías de Calidad del Aire recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. De forma general, los valores diarios estimados de las concentraciones de los contaminantes se correspondieron con los patrones de distribución espacial y temporal característicos observados en estudios precedentes en la ciudad con monitoreo automático y activo. Se reafirma así la utilidad de la herramienta de las salidas del modelo System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric coMposition para brindar información de calidad del aire en La Habana.

Abstract In Cuba, the lack of measurement equipment, the high cost of air pollution stations and the limitations to access new technologies make continuous monitoring of air quality difficult. For these reasons, the objective of this research was to characterize criterion pollutants using the System for Integrated modeling of Atmospheric coMposition model. A daily series of estimated concentrations of criteria pollutants was obtained in Havana during the year 2021. A characterization of the behavior of the pollutants was carried out by analyzing the average daily and average monthly concentrations. A review was carried out of the days in which concentrations exceeded the values of the maximum admissible concentrations established in the Cuban Standard. In addition, these results were compared with the Air Quality Guide Values recommended by the World Health Organization. In general, the estimated daily values of pollutant concentrations corresponded to the characteristic spatial and temporal distribution patterns observed in previous studies in the city with automatic and active monitoring. Thus, the usefulness of the tool of the outputs of the System for Integrated modelLing of Atmospheric coMposition model to provide air quality information in Havana is reaffirmed.

ABSTRACT Plastic transformation enterprises are of great importance due to their impact on others belonging to strategic sectors. However, the high consumption of electrical energy in the processing of these materials contributes negatively to the environment. The objective of this research is to determine the indirect emissions of greenhouse gases based on carbon dioxide, from the fixed consumption of energy in a plastics factory in the province of Holguín, Cuba. The methods used were the techniques for recording and processing data, direct observation, work with groups of experts and surveys, as well as documents analysis. A procedure based on the Tangram Technology methodology was designed to determine the amount of equivalent carbon dioxide that is emitted into the atmosphere. The study was carried out in the period between 2020 and 2022. The main results include the following: energy management at the Holguín Plastics Factory was improved based on the identification of energy saving opportunities in administrative areas, departments and attached premises, implementing an action plan that allowed a decrease in the pollutant load to the atmosphere in the analyzed stage.

RESUMEN Las fábricas de transformación de plásticos poseen gran importancia por su incidencia en otras pertenecientes a sectores estratégicos. Sin embargo, el alto consumo de energía eléctrica en el procesamiento de estos materiales, contribuye negativamente al medio ambiente. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar las emisiones indirectas de gases de efecto invernadero en base al dióxido de carbono, a partir del consumo fijo de energía en una fábrica de plásticos de la provincia de Holguín, Cuba. Los métodos utilizados fueron las técnicas para registro y procesamiento de datos, la observación directa, el trabajo con grupos de expertos y encuestas, así como el análisis de documentos. Se diseñó un procedimiento basado en la metodología de Tangram Technology, para determinar la cantidad de dióxido de carbono equivalente que se emite a la atmósfera. El estudio se realizó en el periodo comprendido entre el 2020 al 2022. Como principales resultados, destacan los siguientes: se logró mejorar la gestión energética en la Fábrica Plásticos Holguín a partir de la identificación de oportunidades de ahorro de energía en las áreas administrativas, departamentos y locales anexos, implementando un plan de acción que permitió una disminución de la carga contaminante a la atmósfera en la etapa analizada.

RESUMEN: El BPA es un disruptor endocrino multifuncional con presencia ubicua en los ecosistemas acuáticos. La Meseta Central mexicana habitada por peces vivíparos endémicos, es una zona severamente impactada por la contaminación. Sin embargo, los esfuerzos por comprender los efectos del BPA en especies nativas como Goodea atripinnis son inexistentes. Este estudio se centró en proporcionar evidencia in vivo de alteraciones en los testículos de machos de G. atripinnis debido a la exposición aguda al BPA en concentraciones de prueba de 1 mg/L, 10 mg/L y 50 mg/L durante 96 h. La exposición a BPA 1 mg/L y 10 mg/L mostró degeneración y desorganización en el tejido germinal. Además, hubo una disminución notable de los espermatozoides dentro de los túbulos seminíferos de machos expuestos a 10 mg/L de BPA. En todos los tratamientos las células somáticas presentaron alteraciones por engrosamiento del tejido conectivo y aumento de las fibras de colágeno. Además, se produjo inflamación y sangrado en los testículos de machos expuestos a 1 y 10 mg/L de BPA. Las alteraciones en los testículos de G. atripinnis están relacionadas con la toxicidad del BPA, lo que puede provocar apoptosis en las células germinales aumentando el tejido conectivo. Finalmente, si bien los cambios producidos por el BPA se hicieron evidentes en la exposición aguda (96 h), sus efectos probablemente sean irreversibles, comprometiendo la reproducción de G. atripinnis.

SUMMARY: BPA is a multifunctional endocrine disruptor with ubiquitous presence in aquatic ecosystems. The Mexican Central Plateau is an area severely impacted by pollution, inhabited by endemic viviparous fish. However, efforts to understand the effects of BPA on native species such as Goodea atripinnis are non-existent. This study focused on providing in vivo evidence of alterations in the testes of G. atripinnis males due to acute exposure to BPA at test concentrations of 1 mg/L, 10 mg/L, and 50 mg/L for 96 h. BPA exposition 1 mg/L and 10 mg/L showed degeneration and disorganization in germinal tissue. Furthermore, there was a notable decrease in sperm within the seminiferous tubules of males exposed to 10 mg/L of BPA. In all treatments, somatic cells had alterations by connective tissue thickening and an increase in collagen fibers. Additionally, inflammation and bleeding occurred in the testes of males exposed to 1 and 10 mg/L BPA. The alterations in the testes of G. atripinnis are related to BPA toxicity, which can lead to apoptosis in germ cells increasing connective tissue. Finally, even though the changes produced by BPA became evident in acute exposure (96 h), its effects are probably irreversible, compromising the reproduction of G. atripinnis.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a promising technology to generate bio-electricity and synchronously reduce wastewater pollutants. The presence of exoelectrogens in wastewater is critical for bio-electricity and pollutant reduction, but the performance of exoelectrogens at different pH levels remains unknown. This study aims to bridge this gap by offering an integrated approach to understanding the performance of exoelectrogens under varying substrate pH, particularly in bio-electricity generation and pollutant reduction in sugarbeet processing wastewater (SBWW). Three pH levels (ranging from acidic to alkaline) were studied and MFC's electricity output was measured. Later, current density, power density, and coulombic efficiency (CE) were calculated. Both pre- and post-experiment substrate samples were analysed with inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene analysis, DNA amplification, sequencing library preparation, and bioinformatics workflows on post-experiment samples of the substrate and anode samples were conducted. A diverse community of microorganisms was identified, especially Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria (Geobacter). Bacteroidetes and Desulfovibrio were the major exoelectrogens responsible for electricity generation. Among the three pH levels tested, the most alkaline pH level (9.5±0.1) outperformed the others, achieving a 54% higher power density, 21% greater current density, and a 40% higher CE compared to the acidic pH level (6.5±0.1). Around 50-99% of pollutants were removed from the SBWW. The study revealed that Gammaproteobacteria thrive and perform better in alkaline environment.

Abstract: The air pollutant in a specific region is mainly responsible for the respiration-related health problem. But the effect of these pollutants is also creating cognitive related issues and hence degrades the attention level of the students. As a result, their educational performance and learning ability reduce to a great extent. This study is to reveal the effect of the air pollutant on the educational outcomes of a student by measuring their attentiveness in the class using the Internet of Everything (IoE). As the effect of ambient air quality is different from region to region. This investigation is performed upon 33 schools of the Odisha region in India. An IoE-SVM Based approach is employed to evaluate the attentiveness of the student in different regions. The result shows that the PM10 and NO2 are mostly affecting the student’s attentiveness and hence cognitive response. The result shows that a 1% increase in PM10, NO2, and SO2 levels would decrease the test score by 0.049%, 0.14%, and 0.18% respectively.

Resumen En el presente artículo aborda la modelación de las concentraciones de Dióxido de Azufre (SO2) emitidas por dos industrias ubicadas en la ciudad Santiago de Cali. Estas industrias emplean distintos tipos de combustible en sus calderas: la caldera 1 utiliza Fuel Oil y la caldera 2 utiliza Diésel. Con el objetivo de evaluar y comparar el comportamiento de las concentraciones de SO2, se propone la sustitución de estos combustibles por Gas natural. Mediante el uso de Aermod View se realizó la modelación de la dispersión de este contaminante y se obtuvo que para un tiempo de exposición de una hora la concentración máxima SO2 proveniente de las calderas con Fuel Oil y Diésel fue de 1440.32 µg/m3. Para un tiempo de exposición de 24 horas se alcanzó una concentración de SO2 de 178.56 µg/m3. Estos niveles, exceden los límites establecidos en la resolución 2254 de 2017, donde el valor máximo permisible para una hora es 100 µg/m3 y para 24 horas es 50 µg/m3. En contraste al usar Gas natural como combustible se observa que las concentraciones son considerablemente más bajas. Para un tiempo de exposición de una hora la máxima concentración es de 0.74 µg/m3 y para un tiempo de exposición de 24 horas, de 0.04 µg/m3. Estos resultados cumplen con la normatividad vigente. Se puede concluir que el Gas natural se presenta como una alternativa más favorable, generando concentraciones significativamente menores de SO2. Este cambio en el tipo de combustible no solo favorecerá el cumplimiento de las normativas ambientales, sino que también contribuirá de manera efectiva a la reducción de la concentración de SO2 en el aire.

Abstract This article deals with modeling sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations emitted by two industries in Santiago de Cali. These industries use different fuel types in their boilers: Boiler 1 uses Fuel Oil, and Boiler 2 uses Diesel. To evaluate and compare the behavior of SO2 concentrations, the substitution of these fuels by natural gas is proposed. Using Aermod View, this pollutant's dispersion was modeled and obtained that the maximum SO2 concentration from the boilers with Fuel Oil and Diesel was 1440.32 µg/m3 for an exposure time of one hour. For a 24-hour exposure time, the SO2 concentration reached 178.56 µg/m3. These levels exceed the limits established in resolution 2254 of 2017, where the maximum permissible value for one hour is 100 µg/m3, and for 24 hours is 50 µg/m3. In contrast, when using Natural Gas as fuel, it is observed that the concentrations are considerably lower. The maximum concentration is 0.74 µg/m3 for a one-hour exposure time, and for a 24-hour exposure time, 0.04 µg/m3. These results comply with current regulations. It can be concluded that natural gas is a more favorable alternative, generating significantly lower SO2 concentrations. This change in the fuel type will favor compliance with environmental regulations and effectively contribute to reducing SO2 concentration in the air.

Rainfall has been shown to be the main cause of elevated nutrient pollution in groundwater beneath landfills. However, groundwater monitoring is often based on predetermined schedules without considering rainfall patterns. This study examined how rainfall patterns affect fluctuations in groundwater quality at the Coastal Park landfill in Cape Town, South Africa, and the relevance of current groundwater sampling schedules. Boreholes upstream and downstream of two large waste cells, one lined and the other unlined, were monitored for 15 weeks during the onset of the rainy season to detect changes in the groundwater level, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrate, and phosphate. Rainfall patterns strongly affected the groundwater parameters, with widely varying fluctuation patterns and lag times. Conductivity peaked downstream of the lined cell 10 weeks later than at the unlined cell, with widely different fluctuation patterns (R² = 0.36). Ammonia peaked downstream of both the unlined and lined cells well before the early rains, with very similar fluctuation patterns (R² = 0.97), although it peaked 6 times higher in the unlined cell. Nitrate peaked at Weeks 2 to 4 downstream of the unlined and the lined cell, with a weak correlation (R² = 0.56). A shorter nitrate peak and a net decrease throughout the rainy season were observed downstream of the lined cell. Phosphate showed a brief, multi-fold increase at Week 3 downstream of both the unlined and lined cells, displaying pH-induced mobilisation and a very strong correlation (R² = 0.99) between these locations. Lag times and fluctuation patterns varied depending on the presence of liners, and rainfall patterns. Therefore, the low frequency sampling required by many South African landfill waste management permits and licences cannot identify pollutant peak concentrations or describe their trends, and high frequency sampling should be considered.

Resumo Smog tornou-se a quinta estação do Paquistão, especialmente na cidade de Lahore. Acredita-se que o aumento do nível de poluentes atmosféricos (primários e secundários) seja responsável pela formação de poluição atmosférica em Lahore. Portanto, o presente estudo foi realizado para a avaliação dos poluentes atmosféricos (primários e secundários) do smog na fronteira de Wagah em particular e em outros locais (Jail road, Gulburg) Lahore. Para este propósito, os dados de referência sobre a poluição atmosférica de inverno de março a dezembro sobre poluentes atmosféricos primários e secundários e parâmetros meteorológicos foram coletados do Departamento de Proteção Ambiental e do Departamento Meteorológico do Paquistão, respectivamente. Dispositivos sendo usados em ambos os departamentos para análise de parâmetros também foram estudados. Os dados coletados foram posteriormente analisados estatisticamente para determinar a correlação dos parâmetros com as condições meteorológicas e foram submetidos ao índice de qualidade do ar. De acordo com os resultados, PM 10 e PM 2,5 foram encontrados muito acima do NEQS. As concentrações de NOx também estavam muito acima dos limites permitidos, enquanto SO2 e O3 foram encontrados abaixo do NEQS, portanto, não têm papéis na formação de smog. O índice de qualidade do ar (AQI) de poluentes foi PM 2,5 (86-227), PM 10 (46-332), NOx (26-110), O3 (19-84) e SO2 (10-95). O AQI de PM 2,5 permaneceu entre níveis moderados a muito prejudiciais à saúde. O AQI de PM 10 permaneceu entre níveis bons e perigosos. AQI de NOx permaneceu entre bom e não saudável para os níveis de grupos sensíveis. O AQI de O3 e SO2 permaneceu entre níveis bons a moderados. A correlação de Pearson mostrou que cada poluente tem uma relação diferente com parâmetros diferentes ou iguais em áreas diferentes. Conclui-se do presente estudo que o material particulado foi muito mais responsável pela formação de smog. Embora o NOx também tenha desempenhado um papel na formação do smog. Portanto, é necessário reduzir as fontes de partículas e NOx, especificamente para reduzir a formação de smog em Lahore.

Abstract Smog has become the fifth season of Pakistan especially in Lahore city. Increased level of air pollutants (primary and secondary) are thought to be responsible for the formation of smog in Lahore. Therefore, the current study was carried out for the evaluation of air pollutants (primary and secondary) of smog in Wagah border particularly and other sites (Jail road, Gulburg) Lahore. For this purpose, baseline data on winter smog from March to December on primary and secondary air pollutants and meteorological parameters was collected from Environmental Protection Department and Pakistan Meteorological Department respectively. Devices being used in both departments for analysis of parameters were also studied. Collected data was further statistically analyzed to determine the correlation of parameters with meteorological conditions and was subjected to air quality index. According to results, PM 10 and PM 2.5 were found very high above the NEQS. NOx concentrations were also high above the permissible limits whereas SO2 and O3 were found below the NEQS thus have no roles in smog formation. Air Quality Index (AQI) of pollutants was PM 2.5(86-227), PM 10 (46-332), NOx (26-110), O3 (19-84) and SO2 (10-95). AQI of PM 2.5 remained between moderate to very unhealthy levels. AQI of PM 10 remained between good to hazardous levels. AQI of NOx remained between good to unhealthy for sensitive groups’ levels. AQI of O3 and SO2 remained between good to moderate levels. Pearson correlation showed that every pollutant has a different relation with different or same parameters in different areas. It is concluded from the present study that particulate matter was much more responsible for smog formation. Although NOx also played role in smog formation. So there is need to reduce sources of particulate matter and NOx specifically in order to reduce smog formation in Lahore.

Resumo O material particulado (MP) é um importante poluente do ar que causa sérios problemas de saúde. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descobrir a concentração de MP no ar ambiente e sua associação com o risco à saúde na cidade de Haripur, Paquistão. Vinte e três amostras foram coletadas em várias instituições de ensino, hospitais, áreas recreativas e indústrias na cidade de Haripur. A concentração de MP2,5 (µg/m3) e MP10 (µg/m3) foi medida por meio do contador de MP portátil Youngteng YT-HPC 3000A. Os resultados revelaram que os valores de MP2,5 e MP10 estavam acima dos limites permitidos (35 µg/m3 para MP2,5 e 150 µg/m3 para MP10) estabelecidos pela Agência de Proteção Ambiental do Paquistão (Pak-EPA) em todas as instituições de ensino, hospitais, áreas recreativas e indústrias investigadas. Além disso, foi encontrada variação significativa (p < 0,05) na concentração de MP2,5 e MP10 em todos os locais estudados. A concentração de MP2,5 correlacionou-se positivamente com a concentração de MP10 em todos os locais de amostragem. Portanto, a partir da escala padrão 1-14 do índice de saúde, os valores de MP2,5 e MP10 mostraram que a qualidade do ar ambiente na cidade de Haripur, Paquistão, está sob alto risco. Se as autoridades reguladoras, como a Pak-EPA, o Departamento de Saúde e o governo local, monitorarem a poluição por MP em diferentes configurações da cidade de Haripur, pode ser que haja uma diminuição no nível de poluição. As medidas que podem ser tomadas para superar o problema da poluição do ar ambiente, como o MP, são o plantio de árvores nos locais onde há maiores níveis de poluentes atmosféricos, o uso de máscaras e a implantação de sistema de controle de poluição nas propriedades industriais de Hattar, na cidade Haripur, Paquistão.

Abstract Particulate matter (PM) is a major air pollutant causing serious health problems. The aim of the present study was to find out concentration of PM in ambient air and its associated health risk in Haripur city, Pakistan. Twenty-three samples were taken at various educational institutes, hospitals, recreational areas and industries in Haripur city. Concentration of PM2.5 (µg/m3) and PM10 (µg/m3) was measured with Youngteng YT-HPC 3000A portable PM counter. The results revealed that values of both PM2.5 and PM10 were above the permissible limits (35 µg/m3 for PM2.5 and 150 µg/m3 for PM10) set by Environmental Protection Agency Pakistan (Pak-EPA) in all the educational institutes, hospitals, recreational areas and industries investigated. Furthermore, significant (p<0.05) variation was found in the concentration of both PM2.5 and PM10 in all the educational institutes, hospitals, recreational areas, and industries studied. The concentration of PM2.5 was positively correlated with the concentration of PM10 in all the sampling sites. Therefore, from 1-14 scale standard of health index, the values of PM2.5 and PM10 exhibited that the ambient air quality of Haripur city Pakistan is under high risk. If the regulatory authorities such as Environmental Protection Agency, Health Department and Local Government monitor PM pollution in different settings of Haripur city, then a decrease can be possible in the pollution level. The remedies that can be taken to overcome the problem of ambient air pollution such as PM are plantation of trees at the sites where there are higher levels of air pollutants and use of masks on personal protection basis along with implementation of pollution control system in industries of Hattar Industrial Estate Haripur city, Pakistan.

ABSTRACT: Controlled machinery traffic is a technique to increase the efficiency of machines and make better use of inputs. This study evaluated the pollutant gas emissions of an agricultural tractor towing a precision seeder-fertilizer with different plow configurations in an area with varying intensities of controlled machinery traffic. The study was carried out in a commercial agricultural area located in the municipality of Carazinho, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomized 3 x 3 blocks, with three traffic situations (tractor traffic; tractor + harvester traffic; and tractor + harvester + sprayer traffic), as well as three plow settings. The pollutant gases analyzed were: particulate material (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), and oxygen (O2). We concluded that greater controlled traffic intensity, compared to an area without traffic, yields a PM reduction of 43% using the double disk, and 67% using the double disk without a ridge plow. The absence of plows on the traffic lines reduces the PM, NOx, and CO2 emissions by, respectively, 73%, 12%, and 17% with tractor + harvester traffic; and 80%, 12%, and 15% with tractor + harvester + sprayer traffic, compared to cultivation using ridge plows. ABSTRACT inputs seederfertilizer seeder fertilizer Carazinho Brazil blocks , traffic) settings were (PM) NOx (NOx) CO2, CO (CO2) O2. O2 O . (O2) intensity 43 67 by respectively 73 73% 12 12% 17 80 80% 15 (PM (NOx (CO2 (O2 4 6 7 1 8 (CO (O

RESUMO: O tráfego controlado de máquinas é uma técnica para aumentar a eficiência das máquinas e melhor utilizar os insumos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as emissões de gases poluentes de um trator agrícola tracionando uma semeadora-adubadora de precisão com diferentes configurações de sulcadores em uma área com intensidades variadas de tráfego controlado de máquinas. O estudo foi realizado em uma área agrícola comercial localizada no município de Carazinho, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados 3 x 3, com três situações de tráfego (tráfego de trator; tráfego de trator + colheitadeira; e tráfego de trator + colheitadeira + pulverizador), além de três configurações de sulcadores. Os gases poluentes analisados foram: material particulado (MP), óxidos de nitrogênio (NOx), dióxido de carbono (CO2) e oxigênio (O2). Concluiu-se que a maior intensidade de tráfego controlado, em comparação com área sem tráfego, proporciona redução de MP de 43% usando o disco duplo e 67% usando o disco duplo sem haste. A ausência de sulcadores nas faixas de tráfego reduz as emissões de MP, NOx e CO2 em 73%, 12% e 17% respectivamente, com tráfego trator + colheitadeira e 80%, 12% e 15% com tráfego de trator + colheitadeira + pulverizador, em relação ao cultivo com sulcador haste. RESUMO insumos semeadoraadubadora semeadora adubadora Carazinho Brasil pulverizador , pulverizador) foram (MP) NOx, (NOx) CO (CO2 O2. O2 . (O2) Concluiuse Concluiu se 43 67 haste 73 73% 12 17 respectivamente 80 80% 15 (MP (NOx (CO (O2 4 6 7 1 8 (O

Nb2O5 is a promising photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutants and production of H2 (renewable and green fuel) from water is an alternative to overcome environmental and energy concerns. Therefore, the effect of Nb precursor and synthesis method on the Nb2O5 physical-chemical properties and photocatalytic performance were investigated in this work. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy results showed that synthesis parameters had a significant impact on the structural properties of the materials obtained. The synthesis parameters were able to tune Nb2O5 crystalline phase, morphology and specific surface area. Nb2O5 sample obtained by hydrothermal method resulted in materials with smaller size and homogeneous particles compared to the other samples, which resulted in a higher specific surface area (200 m2 g-1) and surface hydroxylation. Nb2O5 samples were active to promote both the degradation of Rhodamine B and amiloride, the specific surface area and surface hydroxylation play a key role in the performance of the materials. The most active sample for organic pollutant degradation was also active in H2 production, additionally, the decoration with Pt nanoparticles increased its performance. This work describes the effect of synthesis parameters of Nb2O5 on its photocatalytic properties and demonstrates the potential application of this material in heterogeneous photocatalysis. NbO O Nb2O H renewable fuel concerns Therefore physicalchemical physical chemical Xray X ray phase 200 (20 m g1 g 1 g-1 amiloride additionally photocatalysis 20 (2 g- 2 (