ABSTRACT A sedentary lifestyle constitutes a challenge in the current technological context, considered today one of the main risk factors for highly prevalent diseases. Sedentary behaviors are materialized expressions of this phenomenon that in young people have become a universal problem. The present investigation was carried out at the University of the Island of Youth with the objective of assessing the effect of the implementation of physical exercises aimed at the prevention of sedentary behaviors in university students of the University "Jesús Montané Oropesa". For the development of this work the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, induction - deduction, the Historical - logical among the theoretical, observation, documentary analysis and measurement among the empirical methods, among the techniques used for the compilation of data are declared: the survey and the opinion poll, the information was processed from the use of the statistical package SPSS, version 20. As a result, a set of physical exercises that were easy to perform and that can be executed with accessible means and materials were designed. in the environment, thus contributing to the prevention of sedentary behaviors in accounting and finance students.

RESUMEN El sedentarismo constituye un reto en el contexto tecnológico actual considerado hoy en día uno de los principales factores de riesgo para enfermedades de alta prevalencia. Constituyen las conductas sedentarias expresiones materializadas de este fenómeno que en los jóvenes se han convertido en una problemática universal. La presente investigación se realizó en la Universidad de la Isla de la juventud con el objetivo de valorar el efecto de la implementación de ejercicios físicos dirigidos a la prevención de conductas sedentarias en estudiantes universitarios de la Universidad "Jesús Montané Oropesa". Para el desarrollo de este trabajo fueron empleados los siguientes métodos: análisis y síntesis, inducción - deducción, el Histórico - lógico entre los teóricos, la observación, el análisis documental y la medición entre los métodos empíricos, entre las técnicas empleadas para la recopilación de datos se declaran: la encuesta y el sondeo de opinión, la información fue procesada a partir del uso del paquete estadístico SPSS, versión 20. Como resultado se diseñó un conjunto de ejercicios físicos de fácil realización y que pueden ser ejecutados con medios y materiales accesibles en el entorno, contribuyendo así a la prevención de conductas sedentarias en estudiantes de la carrera de contabilidad y finanzas.

Abstract This article discusses the characteristics of gender culture that prevails in higher education institutions in the city of Chihuahua, Mexico, from the perspective of teachers. The methodology to achieve the purpose included documentary and field research, with qualitative techniques, namely: interviews with the personnel responsible for coordinating professional careers and an opinion poll of teachers. Both consultations discussed class dynamics, academic performance, limitations, and challenges, as well as the job prospect of students in careers considered female and male. Results show that there is gender equity concerning the number of students enrolled in higher educations. And also it is important to stress out that teachers and career coordinators state that when students determine which profession they are going to study, sociocultural gender stereotypes, which limit women development, prevail.

Resumen En este artículo se analizan las características de la cultura de género que prevalece en Instituciones de Educación Superior de la ciudad de Chihuahua, México, desde la perspectiva de los docentes. Para lograr este propósito se realizó una investigación documental y de campo con técnicas cualitativas, a saber: entrevistas al personal responsable de la coordinación de carreras profesionales y un sondeo de opinión al profesorado. A través de la consulta, se inquirió sobre la dinámica de clase, rendimiento académico, limitaciones y retos, así como la perspectiva laboral de estudiantes de carreras consideradas femeninas y masculinas. Como resultado medular, se obtuvo que, en cuestión de número de estudiantes, hombres y mujeres, se ha logrado una equidad de género en la educación superior, sin embargo, cualitativamente, según la perspectiva de los sujetos estudiados, se logra observar que existen estereotipos que prevalecen en torno a ser mujer u hombre en la elección vocacional, influenciados por diversos factores socioculturales, mismos que limitan el desarrollo profesional.

RESUMEN En el presente relato se aborda la experiencia instituida en el Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica denominada Reflexionada, cuya propuesta fue la promoción de encuentros para discusión de temas pertinentes a la Graduación, con la finalidad de posibilitar la reflexión colectiva sobre las normas académicas y su aplicación en el cotidiano escolar. Se utilizó, como punto de partida para los encuentros, los documentos legales vigentes y la experiencia de los participantes. La estrategia fue implementada y refrendada por pesquisa de opinión, que indicó viabilidad de la continuidad de la propuesta. Algunos desdoblamientos fueron percibidos, como, por ejemplo, la proposición del proyecto nuevo asesoramiento y la implantación de un protocolo para atención al alumno en crisis, adaptado a la realidad del ITA. Se concluye así, que la estrategia fue válida, para más allá del abordaje prescriptiva y normativa, apuntando la importancia de un proceso de diálogo con la comunidad académica, intencionalmente acercando los aspectos legales del cotidiano escolar. Reflexionada Graduación escolar utilizó participantes opinión percibidos ejemplo crisis ITA así válida normativa académica

ABSTRACT This report addresses the experience instituted at the Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica called Reflita, whose proposal was to promote meetings to discuss topics relevant to graduation, in order to provide opportunities for collective reflection on academic norms and their application in everyday school life. As a starting point for the meetings, current legal documents and the experience of the participants were used. The strategy was implemented and endorsed by an opinion poll, which indicated the feasibility of continuing the proposal. Some developments were perceived, such as, for example, the proposition of the new counseling project and the implementation of a protocol for assisting students in crisis, adapted to the reality of ITA. It is therefore concluded that the strategy was valid, beyond the prescriptive and normative approach, pointing to the importance of a dialogue process with the academic community, intentionally bringing the legal aspects closer to the school routine. Reflita graduation life used poll perceived as example crisis ITA valid approach community routine

RESUMO O presente relato aborda a experiência instituída no Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica denominada Reflita, cuja proposta foi a promoção de encontros para a discussão de temas pertinentes à Graduação, a fim de oportunizar a reflexão coletiva sobre as normas acadêmicas e sua aplicação no cotidiano escolar. Utilizou-se, como ponto de partida para os encontros, os documentos legais vigentes e a experiência dos participantes. A estratégia foi implementada e referendada por pesquisa de opinião, que indicou a viabilidade da continuidade da proposta. Alguns desdobramentos foram percebidos, como por exemplo, a proposição do projeto novo aconselhamento e a implantação de um protocolo para atendimento ao aluno em crise, adaptado à realidade do ITA. Conclui-se assim, que a estratégia foi válida, para além da abordagem prescritiva e normativa, apontando a importância de um processo de diálogo com a comunidade acadêmica, intencionalmente aproximando os aspectos legais do cotidiano escolar. Reflita Graduação escolar Utilizouse, Utilizouse Utilizou se, se Utilizou-se participantes opinião percebidos exemplo crise ITA Concluise Conclui assim válida normativa acadêmica

Resumen Los medios de comunicación ya sean tradicionales (prensa escrita, radio y televisión) o los representados por la era digital (internet y redes sociales), son canales idóneos para el proceso que representa la comunicación política, factor que impacta en las actitudes políticas y en la participación política de la ciudadanía. En correlación a lo anterior, el objetivo principal del presente trabajo es determinar el nivel explicativo del consumo de información política y la conversación política interactiva frente a las actitudes y la participación política de los jóvenes. El diseño de la investigación es de corte cuantitativo, ya que se aplicó una encuesta de opinión en el escenario preelectoral 2018 en la zona metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México. Los principales resultados indican que el consumo de contenido político online es la variable que tiene un mayor nivel explicativo sobre el interés en la política de los participantes del estudio; asimismo, se encuentra evidencia que podría aproximar los resultados de la investigación a las teorías de la movilización política. Por otra parte, en relación con las actitudes políticas se presenta un contraste muy importante, ya que se tiene un interés político y una sensación de apertura del sistema político relativamente altos en oposición a un cinismo político muy marcado por parte de los jóvenes.

Abstract Traditional media (print media, radio and television) or those represented by the digital age (Internet and social networks) are suitable channels for the process represented by political communication; in turn, this is a factor that impacts on political attitudes and political participation of citizens. In correlation to the above, the main objective of this research is to determine the explanatory level of the consumption of political information and interactive political conversation against the political attitudes and participation of young people. The research design is quantitative, since an opinion poll was applied in the pre-electoral scenario 2018 in the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. The main results indicates that the consumption of political content online is the variable that has a higher level of explanation about the interest in the policy of the participants of the study, There is also evidence that could bring the results of the research closer to the theories of political mobilization. On the other hand, in relation to political attitudes there is a very important contrast since there is a political interest and a feeling of openness of the relatively high political system in opposition to a very marked political cynicism on the part of young people.

Resumen Después de varias décadas de conflicto armado en Colombia, el Gobierno colombiano y las Farc-EP firmaron, en 2016, el Acuerdo Final para la terminación del conflicto y la construcción de una paz estable y duradera. No obstante, este acuerdo no fue refrendado por la ciudadanía, en un plebiscito celebrado ese mismo año. En 2018, ganó las elecciones presidenciales un candidato que prometió cambiar las condiciones del Acuerdos Final y modificar uno de sus principales instrumentos: la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (JEP). En ese contexto esta investigación se pregunta: ¿cuál es la opinión de los colombianos sobre el Acuerdo Final y la JEP? La investigación indaga en las opiniones de los colombianos a través de un análisis estadístico comparativo de tres encuestas de opinión de 2016, 2018 y 2020. Los resultados detallan los cambios actitudinales ocurridos en esos años, como la disminución del rechazo frontal a los Acuerdos de Paz y el leve incremento de las posibilidades de reintegración de los excombatientes a la vida civil. También, expone algunas reticencias al cambio, como la desconfianza persistente, la reafirmación del rechazo al indulto de los excombatientes (punitivismo) y a su participación política (ostracismo).

Abstract After several decades of armed conflict in Colombia, the Colombian Government and the Farc-EP signed, in 2016, the Final Agreement for the termination of the conflict and the construction of a stable and lasting peace. However, this agreement was not endorsed by the citizenry, in a plebiscite held that same year. In 2018, the presidential elections were won by a candidate who promised to change the conditions of the Final Agreement and to modify one of its main instruments: the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP). In this context, this research asks: what is the opinion of Colombians on the Final Agreement and the SJP? The research inquiries into the opinions of Colombians through a comparative statistical analysis of three opinion polls from 2016, 2018 and 2020. The results detail the attitudinal changes that occurred in those years, such as the decrease in the frontal rejection of the Peace Accords and the slight increase in the possibilities of reintegration of excombatants to civilian life. It also exposes some reluctance to change, such as persistent distrust, the reaffirmation of the rejection of pardoning ex-combatants (punitivism) and their political participation (ostracism).

Resumo Após várias décadas de conflito armado na Colômbia, o governo colombiano e as FARC-EP assinaram, em 2016, o Acordo Final para o fim do conflito e a construção de uma paz estável e duradoura. Entretanto, este acordo não foi endossado pelos cidadãos em um plebiscito realizado no mesmo ano. Em 2018, as eleições presidenciais foram ganhas por um candidato que prometeu mudar as condições do Acordo Final e modificar um de seus principais instrumentos: a Jurisdição Especial para a Paz (JEP). Neste contexto, esta pesquisa pergunta: qual é a opinião dos colombianos sobre o Acordo Final e o SJP?. A pesquisa investiga as opiniões dos colombianos através de uma análise estatística comparativa de três pesquisas de opinião de 2016, 2018 e 2020. Os resultados detalham as mudanças de atitude que ocorreram nesses anos, tais como a diminuição da rejeição direta dos Acordos de Paz e o leve aumento das possibilidades de reintegração de ex-combatentes na vida civil. Também expõe alguma relutância em mudar, como a desconfiança persistente, a reafirmação da rejeição do perdão de ex-combatentes (punitivismo) e de sua participação política (ostracismo).

Abstract Introduction: In a private university, some strategies were proposed to reduce dropout levels at the introductory courses, through innovations in subjects with a high number of topics that show low academic performance. The use of 3D applications for human anatomy learning was proposed in a Kinesiology and Physiatry degree, with a teaching strategy based on international recommendations for 3D anatomy learning -such as the benefit of canonical planes and spatial orientation references- and in suggestions for collaborative learning. Objective: Exploring Kinesiology Student’s perceptions of 3D aplications for human anatomy learning through a metacognitive collaborative teaching strategy. Method: Exploratory study. TAM technology acceptance questionnaire in Google Forms to 60 students of introductory course of Kinesiology and Physiatry. The main variables are perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Results: The results of the survey indicated a high general acceptance of both applications. The perceived utility is favorable in 82% and very favorable in 18%. The perceived ease of use is favorable at 72% and unfavorable at 28%. Some preference was shown for Visible Body in the opinion poll (83.33% vs. 16.67%). Conclusions: There is an overall positive perception of the application manipulation with such a strategy. Given the high probability of future use, further studies are feasible to investigate the relationship between learning anatomical concepts and the use of 3D applications.

Resumen Introducción: En una universidad privada se propusieron algunas estrategias para disminuir los niveles de deserción en el ciclo introductorio, mediante innovaciones en asignaturas con elevado número de contenidos que evidencian un bajo rendimiento académico. Se propuso incluir el uso de aplicaciones 3D para el aprendizaje de anatomía humana en una Licenciatura de Kinesiología y Fisiatría, con una estrategia pedagógica colaborativa basada en recomendaciones internacionales para aplicaciones de anatomía 3D educativas -tales como el uso de planos canónicos y referencias de orientación espacial- y en sugerencias para el aprendizaje colaborativo. Objetivo: Explorar la percepción de un grupo de estudiantes de kinesiología en relación a dos aplicaciones 3D para el aprendizaje de anatomía humana mediante una estrategia pedagógica colaborativa y metacognitiva. Método: Estudio exploratorio. Cuestionario TAM de aceptación de tecnología a través de Google Forms a 60 estudiantes de ciclo básico de Kinesiología y Fisiatría. Las variables principales son la facilidad de uso y la utilidad percibidas. Resultados: Los resultados de la encuesta indicaron una alta aceptación general de ambas aplicaciones. La utilidad percibida es favorable en un 82% y muy favorable en un 18%. La facilidad de uso percibida es favorable en un 72% y desfavorable en un 28%. Se mostró cierta preferencia por Visible Body en la encuesta de opinión (83.33% vs 16.67%). Conclusiones: La percepción general es positiva para la manipulación de la aplicación con la estrategia mencionada. Dada la alta probabilidad de uso futuro, es viable realizar nuevos estudios para investigar la relación entre el aprendizaje de conceptos anatómicos y el uso de aplicaciones 3D.

Abstract What is the profile of the supporters of governments classified as populist? Specifically, as a case study: Who supports the 4T (the “Fourth Transformation”)? Based on an ordered probit analysis, this work is among the first to argue, offering hard, current data and solid empirical evidence, that the profile of the supporter of the 4T is a mixture of a certain “populism” and a “rational loyalty” in the voter. Although the concentration of the power of a charismatic leader and positions and policies with clientelistic traits (typical features of populism) are most staunchly supported by the least enlightened and those with scarce economic resources, variables traditionally considered typical of a rational voter (an evaluation of the country’s economy and of the citizen’s pocket) have a strong impact on support for the 4T. This is verified with a survey carried out in 2019 that focused on the profile of the 4T supporter and the results of a national exit poll from 2021 that focused on the profile of the voter who supported MORENA (National Regeneration Movement) in the mid-term elections of 2021.

Resumen ¿Cuál es el perfil de los partidarios de los gobiernos catalogados como populistas? En específico como estudio de caso: ¿quiénes apoyan a la 4T (Cuarta Transformación)? A partir de un análisis econométrico, modelos ordered probit, este trabajo es uno de los primeros que -con datos duros y actuales- argumenta, ofreciendo evidencia empírica sólida, que el perfil del partidario de la 4T obedece a una mezcla de un cierto populismo y una lealtad racional del votante. Si bien es cierto, los menos ilustrados y de escasos recursos económicos son quienes más apoyan una concentración del poder de líder carismático, posturas y políticas con rasgos clientelares (características del populismo) al mismo tiempo existen variables, consideradas tradicionalmente propias de un perfil racional del votante (evaluación de la economía del país y del bolsillo del ciudadano), que poseen un fuerte impacto en el apoyo hacia la 4T. Esto se verifica con una encuesta realizada en 2019, enfocada en el perfil del partidario de la 4T y con los resultados de una encuesta nacional de salida, exit polls, de 2021, concentrada en el perfil del votante que apoyó a morena (Movimiento de Regeneración Nacional) en las elecciones intermedias de 2021.

Research on swearwords (used here as a hyperonym to include other phenomena and/or synonyms, including cursing, cussing, profanity and foul language) has been done internationally for many years in a variety of scientific disciplines. In contrast, very little to no research has been done on swearing in the South African context. In this article, two research questions on two specific Afrikaans swearwords, feeks and helleveeg are answered, viz.: 1. What does the constructionalisation network ofthe words feeks (shrew) and helleveeg (harridan) look like?; and 2. What are users' opinions about feeks and helleveeg, with specific reference to self-reported frequencies, taboo values, prominence, and gender connotation of the referents? Since the Etimologiewoordeboek van Afrikaans (EWA) ("Etymology Dictionary of Afrikaans") was published in 2008, a number of newer etymological sources (such as the Etymologie-woordenboek van het Nederlands) have been added to Afrikaans linguists'arsenal of sources. With the help of this new information, as well as information from other sources, we are able to lay out clear constructionalisation paths for feeks and helleveeg. One of the interesting new insights is that these words have the same Proto-Indo-European stem, but that they came via different routes firstly to Dutch, and then to Afrikaans. We also make a number of suggestions for visual representations of constructionalisation networks. We argue that end-users still need to be consulted about the intelligibility of our proposed visual representations, for example whether information should be presented from present to past, or vice versa. We also argue that solutions (such as those from Etymo-logyExplorer) should be found that would allow such visual representations to be automatically scaled to larger data sets. Regarding the second question, we use data collected via short, online polls, as well as related sample sign tests, to compare the similarities and differences of people's perceptions about feeks and helleveeg. We show that these two words differ statistically significantly with respect to the following aspects: • Self-reported frequency (production and perception): Feeks is said/written/heard/ read more often than helleveeg; • Emotional valency: Feeks is more negatively charged than helleveeg; • Salience: Feeks is less salient than helleveeg; • Familiarity: Feeks is better known than helleveeg; and • Gender connotation: Feeks can only be used to refer to women, while helleveeg might also be used to refer to men. If we compare each of the two words in terms of self-reported production and perception on the one hand, and their taboo values for the self and for others on the other hand, then we conclude that respondents think that: • they themselves rarely use feeks, but they still encounter it more frequently (statistically significantly); • they use helleveeg very seldom, and also encounter it very seldom; and • both feeks and helleveeg are more offensive to other people than to themselves. The article concludes with a number ofpertinent questions for ongoing and future research.

Navorsing oor vloekwoorde (hier gebruik as 'n hiperoniem om ander verskynsels en/of sinonieme in te sluit, waaronder swets, skel, (gods)laster en vuil taal) word al internasionaal vir baie jare in 'n verskeidenheid wetenskaplike dissiplines gedoen. Daarteenoor is daar baie min tot geen navorsing oor vloek in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks gedoen nie. In hierdie artikel word twee navorsingsvrae oor twee spesifieke vloekwoorde, feeks en helleveeg, beantwoord, te wete: 1. Hoe lyk die konstruksionaliseringsnetwerk van feeks en helleveeg? 2. Wat is gebruikers se opinie oor feeks en helleveeg, met spesifieke verwysing na selfgerapporteerde frekwensies (sowel produksie (sê/skryf), as persepsie (hoor/lees)); die taboewaarde (d.i. aanstootlikheid vir self en vir ander); persepsie oor die prominensie (d.i. emosiebelaaidheid, opvallendheid en bekendheid); en die geslagskonnotasie van die referent van dié twee woorde? Resente insigte in die etimologie van feeks en helleveeg word in detail bespreek, terwyl voorstelle vir visuele voorstellings van etimologiese inligting en konstruksionaliseringsnet-werke aan die hand gedoen word. Daar word ook uitvoerig gerapporteer oor 'n persepsie-ondersoek wat met behulp van aanlyn vraelyste oor dié twee woorde gedoen is. Met behulp van 'n tekentoets vir verbandhoudende steekproewe, word die verskillende dimensies van die twee woorde met mekaar vergelyk. Die artikel sluit af met 'n vooruitskouing op toekomswerk.

ABSTRACT A study of the possible significant differences of the commercial operations for the pandemic relating to Contabilidad's International Standards,, is exposed in the article. The investigation's design was positivist, experimental no and side road, the population went from 77,289 and he shows her of 471, the technique of the opinion poll was utilized. Enter the results with bigger frequency is transcendental that companies choose to diversify their products, you must examine the profitability ( 22.23 % ), to evaluate the losses on credit on accounts receivable periodically it is necessary, ( 19.39 % ), they had the job in some business that to make clipping of working hours and staff, ( 19.02 % ), the companies will have to face important challenges to the hour to arrange for the budgets and necessary foresights to estimate the recoverable total sums of an investment considering the adverse effects, that have had place during the period ( 13.45 % ), the companies are applying political news of sales, On credit, ( 27.78 % ) diversifying products, in different manners, presentations, tastes, prices, sizes. It is important to reveal factors such like the impacts in Resultados's General Balance Sheet Financial and Been, Cash Flows, budgets and the correspondent applied judgments mitigating the virus's propagation.

RESUMEN En el artículo se expone un estudio de las posibles diferencias significativas de las operaciones comerciales, por la pandemia, en relación con las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad. El diseño de la investigación fue positivista, no experimental y transversal, la población fue de 77.289 y la muestra de 471, se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta. Entre los resultados con mayor frecuencia es trascendental que las empresas elijan diversificar sus productos, debe examinarse la rentabilidad (22,23%), es necesario evaluar periódicamente las pérdidas crediticias sobre cuentas por cobrar a clientes, (19,39%), el empleo en algunos negocios tuvieron que hacer recorte de horas de trabajo y personal, (19,02%), las empresas deberán enfrentarse a importantes retos a la hora de preparar los presupuestos y previsiones necesarias para estimar los importes recuperables de una inversión, considerando los efectos adversos que han tenido lugar durante el período (13,45%), las empresas están aplicando nuevas políticas de ventas, a crédito, (27,78%) diversificar los productos, en diferentes maneras, presentaciones, sabores, precios, tamaños. Es importante revelar factores tales como los impactos en el Estado de Situación Financiera y Estado de Resultados, Flujos de Efectivo, presupuestos y los correspondientes juicios aplicados para mitigar la propagación del virus.

Resumen Los sociólogos, etnólogos, filósofos entre otros han tratado de identificar las normas o reglas que rigen la investigación científica; sin embargo, hasta ahora, no han sido ampliamente aceptadas por los científicos. Este equipo siguió un camino diferente para identificar las reglas que rigen el trabajo del científico, preguntó a los investigadores: ¿Si en su opinión existen reglas en la investigación científica? Y si es así, ¿Cuáles son? Se realizó una encuesta exploratoria de opinión a 270 científicos que recibieron capacitación académica en universidades de México, Europa, EE. UU., y que trabajan de tiempo completo en tres universidades de México. El instrumento se sustentó en una teoría de psicología social que divide los recuerdos en espontáneos y asistidos, y se utilizó una distribución de probabilidad dicotómica para identificar sus variaciones. Entre ocho y nueve de cada diez investigadores de las ciencias físicas, biológicas y sociales reconocieron que las reglas para la investigación son cuatro: estudiar la realidad tal como es, poseer actitud crítica, aptitud metodológica y disposición para publicar sus resultados abiertamente. A pesar de la heterogeneidad de las disciplinas que practican y la variedad de la formación académica de los investigadores existe un consenso general sobre la validez de tales reglas para llevar a cabo la investigación científica, aunque la mayoría de las veces no las mencionan de forma espontánea.

Resumo Os sociólogos, etnólogos, filósofos, entre outros, tentaram identificar as normas ou regras que regem a pesquisa científica; porém, até agora, não foram amplamente aceitas pelos cientistas. Esta equipe seguiu um caminho diferente para identificar as regras que regem o trabalho científico, perguntando aos pesquisadores: “Na sua opinião existem regras na pesquisa científica? E, caso existam, quais são elas?” Foi realizada uma enquete exploratória de opinião com 270 cientistas que receberam capacitação acadêmica em universidades do México, da Europa, dos EE. UU., e que trabalham período completo em três universidades do México. O instrumento baseou-se em uma teoria de psicologia social que divide as lembranças em espontâneas e assistidas, e foi utilizada uma distribuição de probabilidade dicotômica para identificar suas variações. Entre oito e nove de cada dez pesquisadores das ciências físicas, biológicas e sociais reconheceram que as regras para a pesquisa são quatro: estudar a realidade tal como ela é, possuir atitude crítica, aptidão metodológica e disposição para publicar seus resultados abertamente. Apesar da heterogeneidade das disciplinas que praticam e a variedade da formação acadêmica dos pesquisadores, existe um consenso geral sobre a validez de tais regras para levar a cabo a pesquisa científica, ainda que a maioria das vezes não seja mencionada de maneira espontânea.

Abstract Sociologists, ethnologists, philosophers among others have tried to identify the norms or rules that govern scientific research; however, so far, they have not been widely accepted by scientists. This team followed a different path to identify the rules that govern scientific work by asking researchers if, in their opinion, there are rules in scientific research, and, if so, what they are. An opinion poll was conducted among 270 scientists who received academic training at universities in Mexico, Europe, and the United States, and who work at three universities in Mexico. The instrument is based on a social psychology theory that divides memories into spontaneous and assisted, and a dichotomous probability distribution was used to identify variations. Between eight and nine out of ten researchers from physical, biological, and social sciences recognized that there are four rules for research: to study reality as it is, have a critical attitude, have a methodological aptitude, and express willingness to openly publish results. Despite the heterogeneity of the disciplines researchers practice and the variety of their academic training, there is a consensus among scientists about the validity of such rules to conduct scientific research, although most of the time they do not mention them spontaneously.

When the 2020 school year began, teachers had already approved educational planning designed around the face- to-face classroom, however, we could say that the Covid hacked the system and put us all, regardless of the educational level at which we teach, in a situation of virtuality and in many cases of vulnerability. This paper presents the pedagogical strategies and the curricular design of an undergraduate course on "Databases 1", from the “Facultad de Informática� of the UNLP implemented during this context. For this, topics such as the use of Platforms in Education, Inverted Virtual Classroom, Collaborative Learning and Game-Based Learning are addressed. During the course, surveys and opinion poll were carried out with the students, with the aim of assessing their needs, perceptions regarding the proposals that were presented and suggestions to propose improvements that would promote meaningful learning and the appropriation of knowledge by the students. themselves. Based on the information gathered, it is expected to open a space for debate with other teachers about how these new practices, adopted during the absence of the face-to-face- classroom, can be added to future planning beyond the physical return to classrooms to discuss about the "new normality" almost on Higher Education.

Cuando inició el ciclo lectivo 2020 los docentes tenÃamos aprobadas nuestras planificaciones diseñadas en torno al aula presencial, sin embargo, podrÃamos decir que, el Covid hackeo el sistema y nos puso a todos, independientemente del nivel educativo en el que enseñáramos, en una situación de virtualidad y en muchos casos de vulnerabilidad. En este trabajo se presentan las estrategias pedagógicas y el diseño curricular de la materia de grado “Bases de Datos 1â€�, de la Facultad de Informática de la UNLP, implementados durante esta coyuntura. Para ello, se abordan temáticas como uso de Plataformas, Aula Virtual Invertida, Aprendizaje Colaborativo y Aprendizaje Basado en Juegos. Durante el curso se desarrollaron encuestas y sondeos con los cursantes, con el objetivo de relevar sus necesidades, percepciones respecto a las propuestas y sugerencias para implementar mejoras que propiciaran su Aprendizaje Significativo y la apropiación de los conocimientos. En base a la información relevada, se espera abrir un espacio de debate con otros docentes, acerca de cómo estas nuevas prácticas adoptadas durante la no presencialidad, pueden sumarse a la planificación a futuro más allá del regreso fÃsico a las aulas y para discutir acerca de la “nueva normalidadâ€�, al menos en la Educación Superior.

Abstract The work arises from an opinion poll of several lawyers to whom we asked what are the elements of crime theory? From what approach do they conceptualize the elements of crime theory and what are the philosophical foundations of crime theory? crime? To the first, they respond without difficulty, to the second, they state that they do not know the theoretical position from which they conceptualize the elements, and to the third they do not respond. Bibliographic references of Criminal Law were also reviewed, identifying the approach and its philosophical foundations with the help of interpretive, logical and historical methods, concluding that the works address the elements of the theory of crime without determining the theoretical position and the foundations philosophical.

Resumen El trabajo surge de un sondeo de opinión a varios abogados a quienes le preguntamos ¿cuáles son los elementos de la teoría del delito?, ¿desde qué enfoque conceptualizan los elementos de la teoría del delito y ¿cuáles son los fundamentos filosóficos de la teoría del delito? A la primera, responden sin dificultad, a la segunda, manifiestan que desconocen la posición teórica desde donde conceptualizan los elementos, y a la tercera no responden. También se revisó referencias bibliográficas de Derecho Penal, identificando el enfoque y sus fundamentos filosóficos con la ayuda de los métodos interpretativo, lógico e histórico, concluyendo que en las obras se abordan los elementos de la teoría del delito sin determinar la posición teórica y los fundamentos filosóficos.

Resumo: Introdução: A residência médica representa um momento desafiador, com elevado nível de exigência e necessidade de desenvolvimento de inúmeras competências pessoais e profissionais. Com base nisso, implantou-se, em abril de 2019, um programa de mentoria inédito para 30 residentes de clínica médica, buscando oferecer suporte pessoal e estimular desenvolvimento profissional. Relato de experiência: O programa de mentoria foi estruturado em abril de 2019, com 30 residentes de clínica médica e seis mentores com experiência em preceptoria clínica. Com duração de 11 meses, o programa abordou temas não usualmente discutidos na formação desses especialistas, como profissionalismo, empatia, burnout e qualidade de vida, gestão de tempo, gestão de conflitos e role-model. Os encontros ocorriam mensalmente, com local definido pelo grupo. Após o fim da atividade, foi realizada pesquisa de opinião utilizando questionário padronizado com respostas em escala Likert para avaliação de relevância dos temas discutidos e impacto na prática dos médicos residentes. Obtiveram-se 90% de respostas, nas quais se destacou a relevância dos temas burnout e qualidade de vida e empatia. Dos residentes, 96,3% afirmaram que as discussões mudaram a forma deles de pensar e agir profissionalmente. Destacaram que o mentoring “abria a mente acerca de diversidade de opiniões, permitindo crescimento pessoal e profissional” e que “Gerir o tempo, conflitos, burnout estão presentes no nosso dia a dia e também fazem parte da medicina que praticamos”, pontuando dificuldade de consenso entre os membros do grupo para definição do horário e dia a ser realizada a reunião. A atividade demonstrou avaliação positiva dos mentorados. Discussão: Na formação de um médico residente, o programa de mentoria melhora a autoconfiança e promove um impacto positivo na carreira profissional apesar das dificuldades enfrentadas. A mentoria funciona ainda como suporte psicossocial, pois cria-se um livre acesso entre residente e preceptor, o que culmina, na nossa avaliação, em uma excelente relação entre mentores e mentorados. Conclusão: No Ceará, o programa de mentoring para os residentes de clínica médica foi inédito. Houve efeito positivo, em que temas importantes foram discutidos com mais profundidade, com maior crescimento pessoal e profissional. Os autores sugerem que o mentoring seja mantido e incluído como atividade essencial no currículo dos programas de residência médica.

Abstract: Introduction: Medical residency represents a challenging moment, with a high level of demand and the need to develop several personal and professional skills. Therefore, in April 2019, the unprecedented mentoring program for thirty internal medicine residents was implemented, seeking to offer personal support and encourage professional development. Experience Report: A mentoring program was structured in April 2019, lasting 11 months, consisting of 30 internal medicine residents and 6 mentors with experience in clinical preceptorship, covering topics that are not usually discussed in the training of these specialists, such as professionalism, empathy, burnout and quality of life, time management, conflict management and role-model. The meetings took place monthly, in a location defined by the group. After the end of the activity, an opinion poll was conducted using a standardized questionnaire with answers arranged on a Likert scale to assess the relevance of the discussed topics and the impact on the medical residents’ practice. A 90% response rate was obtained, highlighting the relevance of the topic Burnout and quality of life and empathy. A total of 96.3% of residents stated that the program changed their mind about their professional behavior. They declared that mentoring “opened their mind about the diversity of opinions, allowing personal and professional growth” and that “to manage time, conflicts, burnout are present in our daily lives and are also part of the medicine we practice”. However, there were complaints about some difficulties among the group members to define the time and day when the meetings should be held. In summary, the activity had a positive evaluation from the mentees. Discussion: There is a positive impact of the mentoring program on the training of a resident doctor, improving self-confidence and having a positive impact on the professional career despite the faced difficulties. Mentoring also serves as a psychosocial support, creating free access between the resident and the preceptor, culminating, based on our evaluation, in an excellent relationship between mentors and mentees. Conclusion: In Ceará, the mentoring program for internal medicine residents was unprecedented. There is a positive effect, in which important topics were discussed in more depth, with greater personal and professional growth. We suggest that mentoring be maintained and included as an essential activity in the curriculum of Medical Residency Programs.

This article reflects on how the COVID-19 pandemic gives the church an opportunity to reconsider what the centre of God's mission is for the congregation. It will engage on the implications of its reflections for public practical theology and congregational development. Spurred by an electronic opinion poll carried out by the author on six focus groups on WhatsApp platforms, averaging 200 participants each, during the lockdown days in Ghana, the question was put, "What one thing do you miss about church during the lock down period?" Majority of respondents mentioned communal fellowship (Konoinia) as the most missed aspect of congregational life. This article reflects on suggestions engendered by this observation and how it helps congregations to discern what makes them relevant to their members. Thus, helping congregations to envision the future, invoke dreams of a new creation where a return to normality will birth a world in which the church would take a new shape, presenting a fresh sense of missional community able to bring God to the people of our day.

Abstract Art therapy can be defined as an aid / treatment used by the plastic arts as a means to recover or improve the physical, mental, emotional and social wellbeing of the person. Art therapy is recognized in the Classification of Nursing Interventions (NIC), as a Nursing intervention. It is observed that there is a problem of low level of prescription of art therapy by nurses. This study starts from the hypothesis that the use of Art Therapy is referred to as highly useful by health professionals, students of health sciences, fine arts and users of the health system. Therefore, it is necessary to know the opinion of people who use health services on Art Therapy, identify the opinion of health professionals, students of health sciences and fine arts on the use of Art Therapy and establish the differences of opinion of the study groups. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, to conduct an opinion poll on art therapy through a form. The sample surveyed was constituted by 490 people from the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, with a mean age of 29.23 years and a standard deviation of 10.24 a minimum of 19 years and a maximum of 63, with a standard error of the mean of 0.46, the 95% confidence interval for age was 28.32-30.14 years. Art therapy is referred to as highly useful by health professionals rated at 4.5 out of 5, health sciences students rated at 4, fine arts students rated at 4.43 and health system users at 4.52. At a general level it has been accepted by all study groups with a median of 4.

Resumen Arteterapia puede definirse como una ayuda/tratamiento que utilizan las artes plásticas como medio para recuperar o mejorar la salud física, mental, el bienestar emocional y social de la persona. La terapia artística está reconocida en la Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería (NIC), como intervención de Enfermería. Se observa que hay un problema de bajo nivel de prescripción de arteterapia por parte de las enfermeras. Este estudio parte de la hipótesis de que el uso del Arteterapia es referido como de alta utilidad por profesionales de la salud, estudiantes de ciencias de la salud, bellas artes y usuarios del sistema de salud. Por ello, es necesario conocer la opinión de las personas que utilizan los servicios de salud sobre la Arteterapia, identificar la opinión de los profesionales de la salud, estudiantes de ciencias de la salud y de bellas artes sobre el uso del Arteterapia y establecer las diferencias de opinión de los grupos de estudio. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal, para realizar un sondeo de opinión sobre el Arteterapia a través de un formulario. La muestra encuestada la constituyeron 490 personas de la provincia de Santa Cruz de Tenerife, con una edad media de 29,23 años y una desviación típica de 10.24 un mínimo de 19 años y un máximo de 63, con un error estándar de la media de 0,46, el intervalo de confianza al 95% para la edad fue de 28.32-30.14 años. El Arteterapia es referido como de alta utilidad por profesionales de la salud valorado en un 4,5 sobre 5, estudiantes de ciencias de la salud valorado en un 4, estudiantes de bellas artes valorado en un 4,43 y usuarios del sistema de salud con un 4,52. A nivel general ha sido aceptado por todos los grupos de estudio con una mediana de 4.