Resumen Introducción. Existe una gran preocupación humana por la resistencia a los antibióticos debido a su uso inadecuado como promotores del crecimiento en la cría de animales. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de altos niveles de zinc como sustituto del antibiótico en lechones destetados. Material y métodos. El estudio se realizó de junio a agosto de 2022 en la provincia de Chiriquí, Panamá. El periodo experimental estuvo compuesto por tres fases con 14 días por fase. Los cerdos destetados (n= 54) fueron asignados a uno de tres tratamientos con seis repeticiones por tratamiento y tres cerdos por repetición. Los tratamientos fueron: 1) dieta control, formulada para suplir los requerimientos nutricionales para cerdos destetados; 2) similar al tratamiento 1, más 200 mg de amoxicilina/kg de alimento y 40 mg de florfenicol/kg de alimento durante la fase 1 (P1) y fase 2 (P2), respectivamente; y 3) similar al tratamiento 1, más 2000 ppm y 1600 ppm de zinc durante P1 y P2, respectivamente. En la fase 3 (P3), todos los cerdos fueron alimentados con una dieta común. Resultados. La suplementación con zinc mejoró la ganancia de peso en todas las fases. Los cerdos alimentados con zinc tuvieron mejor relación F:G en P2 en comparación a los cerdos suplementados con antibiótico (p < 0.05). Se encontró una mayor concentración de hemoglobina y porcentaje de monocitos en cerdos alimentados con zinc que en los otros tratamientos (p < 0.05). Los cerdos alimentados con antibiótico o la dieta control tuvieron un menor porcentaje de materia seca fecal en comparación a los suplementados con zinc (p < 0.05). Conclusión. La suplementación de altos niveles de zinc ejerció mejoras, en comparación al antibiótico, en cuanto a la concentración de hemoglobina, incidencia de diarrea y ganancia de peso en cerdos durante los 42 días posteriores al destete.

Abstract Introduction. There is a great human concern about antibiotics resistance due to their inappropriate use as growth promoters in animal husbandry. Objective. To evaluate the effect of a high level of zinc as a substitute to antibiotics in nursery pigs. Material and methods. The study was carried out from June to August 2022 in the province of Chiriqui, Panama. The experimental period was composed of three phases with 14 days per phase. The nursery pigs (n= 54) were distributed to one of three treatments with six replicates per treatment and three pigs per replicate. The treatments were: 1) control diet, which was formulated to meet the nutritional requirements for nursery pigs; 2) similar to treatment 1, plus 200 mg of amoxicillin/kg of feed and 40 mg of florfenicol/kg of feed during phase 1 (P1) and phase 2 (P2), respectively; and 3) similar to treatment 1, plus 2000 ppm and 1600 ppm of zinc during P1 and P2, respectively. In phase 3 (P3), all pigs were fed a common diet. Results. The supplementation of zinc improved the average daily gain in all phases. Pigs fed zinc diet had better F:G ratio in P2 compared to pigs fed antibiotic diet (p < 0.05). A higher concentration of hemoglobin and percentage of monocytes was found in pigs fed with higher level of zinc than the other treatments (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Pigs fed the antibiotic, or the control diet had a lower percentage of fecal dry matter compared to those supplemented with zinc. (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The supplementation of high levels of zinc exerted improvements, in comparison to the antibiotic, in terms of hemoglobin concentration, incidence of diarrhea and weight gain in pigs during 42 days after weaning.

Abstract Pig Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome (PRRS) is a disease with economic repercussions for pig farmers worldwide as it causes low feed efficiency and, therefore, less weight gain in the fattening stage. The effect of dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), turmeric oleoresin and capsicum (EP, plant extracts) on the productive performance of fattening pigs and on the health of a herd affected by PRRS was evaluated. Nine-hundred and sixty fattening pigs with an initial average weight of 5.21 ± 0.065 kg was randomly assigned to one of four treatments, T1, control; T2, DHA; T3, EP; T4, DHA+EP. The variables analyzed were weight at day 70 of life (P70), weight at market (PM), daily weight gain at day 70 of life (GDP70), daily weight gain to market (GDPM), feed conversion at day 70 of life (CA70) and feed conversion at market (CAM). T2 and T4 diets exceeded the control and T3 in P70 and GDP (P < 0.05), T2 and T4 did better than the control and T3 in CA70 (P < 0.05). T2, T3, and T4 surpasssed the control in PM (P < 0.05). All pigs had antibodies against PRRS throughout the study, although pigs in the second fattening cycle showed higher IgG values for T2 and T4. The cost of production for T2, T3 and T4 was lower for GDPM, CAM and PM. In conclusion, the treatments T2, T3, and T4 were superior to the control in PM and therefore, the use of DHA and phylogens wasp cost-effective.

Resumen El Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo del Cerdo (PRRS) es una enfermedad que impacta económicamente a la porcicultora, pues provoca baja eficiencia alimenticia y menor ganancia de peso en la fase de engorda. Se evaluó el efecto de adicionar la dieta con ácido docosahexaenoico (DHA), oleorresina de cúrcuma y capsicum (EP, extractos de plantas) sobre el desempeño productivo de cerdos en engorda y en la salud de una piara con PRRS. Novecientos sesenta cerdos con un peso promedio inicial de 5.21 ± 0.065 kg fueron asignados a uno de cuatro tratamientos: T1, testigo; T2, DHA; T3, EP; T4, DHA+EP. Las variables fueron: peso al día 70 (P70), peso a la salida al mercado (PM), ganancia diaria de peso al día 70 (GDP70), ganancia diaria de peso al mercado (GDPM), conversión alimenticia al día 70 (CA70) y conversión alimenticia a la salida al mercado (CAM). P70 y GDP mostraron que las dietas T2 y T4 (P < 0.05) superaron al testigo y a T3. En CA70, los cerdos de T2 y T4 fueron mejores que el testigo y T3 (P < 0.05). En PM, T2, T3 y T4 superaron al testigo (P < 0.05). Todos los cerdos fueron positivos a PRRS durante todo el estudio, aunque los cerdos del segundo ciclo de engorda mostraron más IgG en T2 y T4. El costo de producción para T2, T3 y T4 fue menor para GDPM, CAM y PM. En conclusión, las dietas experimentales fueron superiores al testigo en PM y, por ende, el uso de DHA y fitogénicos resultó rentable.

RESUMEN La producción de cuyes forma parte de la ancestralidad de los países andinos, por el aporte socioeconómico y a la seguridad alimentaria. Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la procedencia de estos animales en los parámetros fenotípicos, morfométricos y productivos destinados a la reproducción, se seleccionaron 30 cuyes de diferentes procedencias, divididos en grupos de 10 animales en un diseño completamente al azar. El experimento se desarrolló en la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Se evaluaron variables morfométricas, fenotípicas y productivas. Los resultados mostraron que los animales procedentes de la Granja Matilde alcanzaron los mayores perímetros torácico con 16,40 cm, para el largo del total del cuerpo fueron mayores los cuyes procedentes de cuerpo del Chimborazo. Por su parte, el pelaje con mayor representación fue el de tipo 1. Para los indicadores productivos los mayores pesos (667,20 g) los reflejaron los animales procedentes de Cotopaxi, sin diferencias respecto a los del Chimborazo (665,4 g). La mejor conversión la mostraron los cuyes originarios del Chimborazo con 3,71. Se concluyó que las características morfométricas variaron en dependencia de la zona de procedencia de los animales. Las mayores diferencias se apreciaron para el perímetro torácico y el largo total del cuerpo. Así, el tipo de pelaje, la cantidad de miembros y la presencia de remolinos mostraron variabilidad según la zona de origen. Los indicadores productivos se influenciaron por la procedencia de los animales; el mejor comportamiento lo mostró de forma general la localidad del Chimborazo.

ABSTRACT The production of guinea pigs is part of the ancestry of Andean countries due to its socioeconomic contribution and its role in food security. With the aim of evaluating the effect of the origin of these animals on the phenotypic, morphometric, and productive parameters intended for reproduction. Thirty guinea pigs from different origins were selected and divided into groups of 10 animals in a completely randomized design. The experiment was conducted at the Technical University of Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Morphometric, phenotypic, and productive variables were evaluated. The results showed that the animals from Granja Matilde achieved the highest thoracic perimeters with 16.40 cm, while the guinea pigs from Chimborazo had the greatest total body length. Additionally, the most common type of fur was type 1. For the productive indicators, the highest weights (667.20 g) were observed in the animals from Cotopaxi, with no significant differences compared to those from Chimborazo (665.4 g). The best feed conversion was shown by the guinea pigs from Chimborazo with a ratio of 3.71. It was concluded that the morphometric characteristics varied depending on the origin of the animals. The greatest differences were observed in the thoracic perimeter and total body length. Likewise, the type of fur, the number of limbs, and the presence of swirls showed variability depending on the region of origin. The productive indicators were influenced by the origin of the animals; overall, the best performance was shown by the locality of Chimborazo.

Abstract Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a DNA-type virus that has an affinity for cells of the immune system and generates lymphocyte depletion so it favors the development of diseases caused by other opportunistic agents, it is also related to the generation of different syndromes. Therefore, this virus causes major illnesses on the pig industry; nevertheless, PCV2-associated syndromes can easily be prevented through the proper application of biosecurity and vaccination measures. On the other hand, small-scale production units (SPUs) often lack this type of preventive management, as well as routine surveillance by a veterinarian. Although PCV2 is considered a widely distributed virus, there are no reports of its presence in SPUs in Nuevo León. The presence of antibodies against PCV2 was determined using a commercial kit and complete blood count was performed on the animals. A total of 48 SPUs were found, with 91.67 % positivity and 89.7 % seropositivity in the animals. In the complete blood count, it was found that HGB and HCT were decreased in individuals who were positive for antibodies compared to negative ones (P=0.03 and P=0.01, respectively); on the contrary, the value of total white blood cells was found to be decreased in individuals who were negative for the presence of antibodies against PCV2 (P=0.01).

Resumen El circovirus porcino tipo 2 (PCV2) es un virus de tipo DNA que tiene afinidad por células del sistema inmune y que genera depleción de linfocitos por lo que favorece el desarrollo de enfermedades causadas por otros agentes oportunistas, así mismo está relacionado con la generación de diferentes síndromes. Por lo anterior, este virus produce importantes afecciones a la industria porcícola, sin embargo, fácilmente se pueden prevenir los síndromes asociados a PCV2 mediante la adecuada aplicación de medidas de bioseguridad y vacunación. Por otro lado, las unidades de producción a pequeña escala (UPPs) suelen carecer de este tipo de manejo preventivo, así como de vigilancia rutinaria por parte de un médico veterinario. Si bien, el PCV2 se considera un virus ampliamente distribuido, no existen reportes de su presencia en las UPPs en Nuevo León. Se determinó la presencia de anticuerpos contra PCV2 mediante el uso de un kit comercial y se realizó la biometría hemática de los animales. Se localizaron 48 UPPs en las que se encontró un 91.67% de positividad, así como un 89.7% de seropositividad en los animales. En la biometría se encontró que la HGB y el HCT se presentaron disminuidos en los individuos que resultaron positivos a anticuerpos comparados contra los negativos (P=0.03 y P=0.01, respectivamente), por el contrario, el valor de células blancas totales se encontró disminuido en los individuos que resultaron negativos a la presencia de anticuerpo contra PCV2 (P=0.01).

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of various castration protocols through a meta-analysis of indicators of daily feed intake, feed conversion, daily weight gain, slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, and carcass yield. 179 publications from three electronic sources (Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science) were reviewed over a 24-year period, out of which the 26 studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. The effect was analyzed with six comparisons: C1=surgical castration vs whole; C2=standard immunocastration vs whole; C3= standard immunocastration vs surgical castration; C4= alternative immunocastration vs whole; C5= alternative immunocastration vs surgical castration, and C6= alternative immunocastration vs standard immunocastration. Averages were estimated for feed intake (kg) (0.23, 0.23, -0.05, 0.32, 0.11, -0.09), feed conversion (kg:kg) (0.27, 0.05, -0.16, 0.11, 0.11, 0.11, -0.19), daily weight gain (g) (-9. 54, 39.08, 40.70, 107.63, -53.0, 69.14), carcass weight (kg) (-9.54, 39.08, 40.70, 107.63, -53.0, 69.14), and hot carcass weight (kg) (1.23, 0.85, 0.46, 1.03, 1.02, -0.42) respectively. The indicators of feed consumption, feed conversion, daily weight gain, slaughter weight, and hot carcass weight proved different (P<0.05); only the carcass yield variable exhibited no difference (P>0.05). The conclusion is that immunocastration improves performance in production and carcass indicators; surgical castration improves carcass yield; whole pigs have better feed conversion, and standard and alternative immunocastration differ in their response in terms of production and carcass measurement indicators.

Resumen El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de los diferentes protocolos de castración por medio del meta-análisis de los indicadores del consumo diario de alimento, conversión alimenticia, ganancia diaria de peso, peso al rastro, peso de la canal caliente y rendimiento de la canal. Se revisaron 179 publicaciones de tres fuentes electrónicas (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science) en un periodo de 24 años, de las cuales se seleccionaron los 26 estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. El efecto se analizó con seis comparaciones: C1=castración quirúrgica vs enteros; C2=inmunocastración estándar vs enteros; C3= inmunocastración estándar vs castración quirúrgica; C4= inmunocastración alternativa vs enteros; C5= inmunocastración alternativa vs castrados quirúrgicamente; y C6= inmunocastración alternativa vs inmunocastración estándar. Las medias obtenidas fueron de consumo de alimento (kg) (0.23, 0.23, -0.05, 0.32, 0.11, -0.09), de conversión alimenticia (kg:kg) (0.27, 0.05, -0.16, 0.11, 0.11, -0.19), ganancia diaria de peso (g) (-9.54, 39.08, 40.70, 107.63, -53.0, 69.14), peso de la canal (kg) (-9.54, 39.08, 40.70, 107.63, -53.0, 69.14), y peso de la canal en caliente (kg) (1.23, 0.85, 0.46, 1.03,1.02, -0.42) respectivamente. Los indicadores de consumo de alimento, conversión alimenticia, ganancia diaria de peso, peso al rastro y peso de la canal caliente fueron diferentes (P<0.05); solo la variable de rendimiento de la canal no mostró diferencia (P>0.05). Se concluye que, la inmunocastración mejora el desempeño en indicadores productivos y de la canal, la castración quirúrgica mejora el rendimiento de la canal, los cerdos enteros tienen mejor conversión alimenticia, y la inmunocastración estándar y alternativa difieren en su respuesta en indicadores de producción y medición de la canal.

Abstract Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a globally prevalent swine pathogen, capable of generating infections in humans who were in contact with the animal or its raw meat. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic cases to systemic involvement, with low mortality, but with the possibility of leaving definitive sequelae such as ataxia and hearing loss. There are few case reports, due to lack of knowledge of the disease and its atypical presentation. The objec tive of this article is to report the case of a man with an occupational history of contact with pigs, who was admitted for meningitis and in whom the isolation of S. suis was obtained in cerebrospinal fluid and paired blood cultures; He completed antibiotic treatment adjusted to bacterial sensitivity, and was left with mild hearing loss as a consequence.

Resumen Streptococcus suis (S. suis) es un patógeno porcino prevalente a nivel mundial, capaz de generar infec ciones en humanos que estuvieron en contacto con el animal o la carne cruda del mismo. Las manifestaciones clínicas comprenden desde casos asintomáticos hasta compromiso sistémico, con una baja mortalidad, pero con la posibilidad de dejar secuelas definitivas como la ataxia e hipoacusia. Son pocos los reportes de casos, debido al descono cimiento de la enfermedad y a su forma atípica de pre sentación. El objetivo de este artículo es relatar el caso de un varón con antecedentes ocupacionales de contacto con porcinos, que ingresó por meningitis y en el cual se obtuvo el aislamiento de S. suis en líquido cefalorra quídeo y hemocultivos pareados; completó tratamiento antibiótico ajustado a la sensibilidad bacteriana, quedó con hipoacusia leve como secuela.

Resumen Antecedentes: La nutrición mineral beneficia el comportamiento bioproductivo de los cerdos. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de inclusión de una pre-mezcla mineral elaborada a partir de fuentes naturales nacionales en dietas para cerdos híbridos YorkLand en crecimiento-ceba. Métodos: Se utilizaron 50 cerdos en crecimiento ceba (40±5 kg de peso vivo), hembras y machos castrados, distribuidos aleatoriamente en cinco grupos para ofrecer igual número de dietas experimentales. El grupo I recibió un concentrado elaborado con un núcleo proteico importado, harina de soya importada, harina de maíz amarillo de producción nacional, L-lisina y colina, sin la pre-mezcla mineral. Los restantes cuatro grupos recibieron un concentrado elaborado con harina de soya importada, harina de maíz amarillo de producción nacional, L-lisina y colina, con 0, 1, 2 y 3 % de inclusión de la pre-mezcla mineral, respectivamente. Se determinaron los minerales en suero sanguíneo, el incremento de peso vivo y la ganancia media diaria. Resultados: En los grupos I, III, IV y V fue superior (P<0,05) la calcemia; en los grupos III y IV, la cupremia (P< 0,01) y en el grupo IV la magnesemia (P< 0,05). En estos grupos incrementaron (P< 0,05) el peso vivo y la ganancia media diaria. Todos los parámetros fueron menores (P<0,05) en el grupo II. Conclusión: La adición en la dieta para cerdos en crecimiento-ceba de la pre-mezcla mineral confeccionada a partir de fuentes naturales nacionales benefició su estado mineral y comportamiento productivo.

Abstract Background: Mineral nutrition benefits the bioproductive behavior of pigs. Aim. To evaluate the effect of including a mineral pre-mixture made from national natural sources in diets for growing-fattening YorkLand hybrid pigs. Methods: 50 growing fattening pigs (40±5 kg live weight), females and castrated males, were used, randomly distributed into five groups to offer an equal number of experimental diets. Group I received a concentrate made with an imported protein core, imported soy flour, domestically produced yellow corn flour, L-lysine and choline, without the mineral premix. The remaining four groups received a concentrate made with imported soy flour, domestically produced yellow corn flour, L-lysine and choline, with 0, 1, 2 and 3% inclusion of the mineral pre-mix, respectively. Minerals in blood serum, live weight gain and average daily gain were determined. Results: In groups I, III, IV and V, calcemia was higher (P<0.05); in groups III and IV, cupremia (P< 0.01) and in group IV, magnesemia (P< 0.05). In these groups, live weight and average daily gain increased (P< 0.05). All parameters were lower (P<0.05) in group II. Conclusion: The addition of the mineral pre-mixture made from national natural sources to the diet for growing-fattening pigs benefited their mineral status and productive behavior.

Abstract: Pig farming is an important component of the livestock sector at a global scale since pork is the most widely produced and consumed meat in the world. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of diets containing different levels of fermented coffee husk flour on the productive performance of pigs and economic viability in pig farming. Coffee husks were incorporated with probiotics based on Moringa oleifera Lam leaf extracts. Five gilts between 3 to 5 months of age, with an initial average weight of around 13.38 kg, were used. The experiment was conducted using a Latin Square Design, with 5 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were a control treatment (T0) without coffee husks in the diet; and treatments T1, T2, T3, and T4 with coffee husks at 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% in the diet, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that T1, which contained 4% fermented coffee husks in the diet, was the most efficient diet formulation with respect to the rest of the treatments. The animals that received T1 showed a high increase in average daily weight, with an average value of 867.70 g; and a better feed conversion rate, requiring only 3.57 kg to produce one kilogram of meat. The results of a descriptive yield analysis on feed cost showed that T1 could generate a higher yield of about $6.04 per kilogram of meat sold in the local market compared to the other treatments. Therefore, it is concluded that the incorporation of fermented coffee husks at 4% into pig diets can improve pig productive performance and reduce feed costs.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of four anthelmintics in the control of Fasciola hepatica at the Estación Experimental del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Baños del Inca, Cajamarca, Perú. Forty guinea pigs from 5 to 12 months of age of the Inka line, naturally infected with F. hepatica (≥1 HPG), not dewormed in the last 4 months, under the same management and feeding system were used. The animals were distributed into four groups (n=10): triclabendazole (25 mg/kg) and closantel (20 mg/kg) orally, clorsulon + ivermectin (15 mg/kg based on clorsulon) and nitroxinil (50 mg/ kg) subcutaneously. The parasite load was determined on days 0 and 30 post-dosing. The Egg Count Reduction Test determined an efficacy of 0% for triclabendazole and 100% for closantel, clorsulon + ivermectin, and nitroxinil. It is concluded that F. hepatica is resistant to triclabendazole and sensitive to closantel, clorsulón + ivermectin and nitroxinil in guinea pigs from INIA-Cajamarca.

RESUMEN El estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar la eficacia de cuatro antihelmínticos en el control de Fasciola hepatica en la Estación Experimental del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Baños del Inca, Cajamarca, Perú. Se utilizaron 40 cuyes de 5 a 12 meses de edad, de la línea Inka infectados naturalmente con F. hepatica (≥1 HPG) no desparasitados en los últimos 4 meses, bajo el mismo sistema de manejo y alimentación. Los cuyes fueron distribuidos en cuatro grupos (n=10): triclabendazol (25 mg/kg), closantel (20 mg/kg) vía oral, clorsulón + ivermectina (15 mg/kg en base a clorsulón) y nitroxinil (50 mg/kg), vía subcutánea. Se determinó la carga parasitaria el día 0 y 30 posdosificación. El Test de Reducción del Conteo de Huevos determinó una eficacia de 0% para triclabendazol y 100% para closantel, clorsulón + ivermectina, y nitroxinil. Se concluye F. hepatica es resistente al triclabendazol y sensible a closantel, clorsulón + ivermectina y nitroxinil en cuyes del INIA-Cajamarca.

ABSTRACT: In the peruvian highlands, the production of alfalfa and the fattening of guinea pigs face issues that impact the breeders' economy. A study in the hamlet of Coñaica (Panao, Pachitea, Huánuco) was conducted to assess the impact of biofertilization on alfalfa biomass and guinea pig fattening. Two experimental designs were implemented: the RCBD to measure alfalfa biomass and a CRD to study the fattening of weaned guinea pigs (both males and females). The three evaluated treatments included the application of Effective Microorganisms (EM) to the foliage (T1), EM to the soil (T2), and a control group without EM, with a dosage of 10% every 15 days. Biofertilized alfalfa was used as feed for male and female guinea pigs for a period of nine weeks. It was distinguished that the EM treatment to the foliage significantly increased the biomass of alfalfa and favorably affected the fattening of guinea pigs, although a significant improvement in the feed conversion rate was only observed in male guinea pigs. These findings suggest that foliar EM applications with a dosage of 10% every 15 days promote higher alfalfa productivity and enhance the guinea pig fattening process.

RESUMEN: En la sierra peruana, la producción de alfalfa y el engorde de cuyes enfrentan problemas que impactan la economía de los criadores. Un estudio en el Caserío de Coñaica (Panao, Pachitea, Huánuco) se llevó a cabo para evaluar el impacto de la biofertilización en la biomasa de alfalfa y el engorde de cuyes. Se implementaron dos diseños experimentales: DBCA para medir la biomasa de alfalfa y DCA para estudiar el engorde de cuyes destetados (machos y hembras). Los tres tratamientos evaluados fueron: aplicación de microorganismos eficaces (EM) al follaje (T1), EM al suelo (T2) y un grupo de control sin EM, con dosis del 10% cada 15 días. La alfalfa biofertilizada se utilizó como alimento para los cuyes machos y hembras durante nueve semanas. Se distinguió que el tratamiento de EM al follaje incrementó significativamente la biomasa de la alfalfa y afectó favorablemente al engorde de los cuyes, aunque solo se evidenció una mejora significativa en la conversión alimenticia de los cuyes machos. Estos resultados indican que las aplicaciones de EM al follaje con una dosis del 10% cada 15 días promueven una mayor productividad en la alfalfa y benefician el proceso de engorde de los cuyes.

ABSTRACT: Neurofibromas are neoplasms derived from nerve bundles and are frequent in humans but not common in animals. This report described the macroscopic, histologic, and immunohistochemistry findings of an orbitofacial neurofibroma in a sow. The sow presented left eyelids with marked expansion, associated with severe ectropion and reddening of both conjunctival mucosae. The mass on the cutting surface was homogeneous, with a light tan, and shiny, measuring 9.0 x 7.0 x 7.0 cm in width, compressing the eyeball. Microscopically, there was paucicellular neoplastic proliferation of elongated cells amid the accentuated myxoid matrix. There were multifocal areas where well-differentiated nervous fascicles and skeletal musculature were seen. Neoplastic cells were immunostained positive for GFAP, neurofilament, S-100, Sox-10, and vimentin. Cytokeratin showed immunolabeling around primitive nerve bundles and desmin around neoformed vessels and muscle bundles within the tumor. Orbitopalpebral and orbitofacial neurofibroma, despite being common in humans, have not been described in domestic pigs and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in eyelid tumors in pigs. ABSTRACT animals macroscopic histologic expansion mucosae homogeneous tan shiny 90 9 0 9. 70 7 7. width eyeball Microscopically matrix welldifferentiated well differentiated seen GFAP neurofilament S100, S100 S 100, 100 S-100 Sox10, Sox10 Sox 10, 10 Sox-10 vimentin tumor S10 S-10 Sox1 1 Sox-1 S1 S-1 Sox- S-

RESUMO: Neurofibromas são neoplasias derivadas dos feixes nervosos e são frequentes em humanos, mas incomuns em espécies animais domésticos. Esse relato tem como objetivo descrever os achados macroscópicos, histológicos e imuno-histoquímicos de um neurofibroma orbitofacial em uma matriz suína. O animal apresentava as pálpebras esquerdas acentuadamente expandidas, associada a severo ectrópio e avermelhamento de ambas as mucosas conjuntivais. A tumoração palpebral, na superfície de corte, era homogênea, levemente acastanhada e brilhante, medindo 9,0 x 7,0 x 7,0 cm, e comprimia o globo ocular. Microscopicamente foi observada uma proliferação neoplásica pobremente celular de células alongadas no meio de uma acentuada quantidade de matriz mixoide. Havia áreas intratumorias multifocais onde fascículos nervosos bem diferenciados e musculatura esquelética foram observados. As células neoplásicas foram positivas na imuno-histoquímica para GFAP, neurofilamento, S-100, Sox-10 e vimentina. Citoqueratina mostrou uma imunomarcação ao redor de feixes nervosos primitivos e desmina ao redor de vasos neoformados e feixes musculares dentro do tumor. O neurofibroma orbitofacial, apesar de comum em humanos, nunca foi descrito em suínos domésticos e deve ser considerado um diagnóstico diferencial para neoplasias palpebrais em suínos. RESUMO humanos macroscópicos imunohistoquímicos imuno histoquímicos suína expandidas conjuntivais palpebral corte homogênea brilhante 90 9 0 9, 70 7 7, cm ocular mixoide observados imunohistoquímica histoquímica GFAP neurofilamento S100, S100 S 100, 100 S-100 Sox10 Sox 10 Sox-1 vimentina tumor S10 S-10 Sox1 1 Sox- S1 S-1 S-

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated chromium and quantitative and qualitative feed restriction as alternative nutritional strategies to ractopamine in finishing barrows. Fifty barrows, genetically similar, with an initial body weight of 99.0 ± 4.3 kg and a final body weight of 117.2 ± 5.8 kg were used. The animals were distributed in a randomized complete block design with five nutritional treatments (Control; Rac = 10ppm ractopamine; Chromium = 0,8mg chromium yeast; Quality = qualitative restriction, 7.5% less net energy in the diet; Quanti = 15% quantitative reduction in feed supply), with five replicates and two animals per replicate. Chromium supplementation and quantitative feed restriction reduced feed, lysine, net energy, and crude protein intakes (P < 0.05). Chromium, ractopamine, and quantitative restriction improved feed conversion (P < 0.05). Supplementation with chromium and ractopamine and feed restriction did not influence the carcass characteristics of the pigs (P < 0.05). Quantitative feed restriction and supplementation of 0.8mg of chromium yeast are presented as potential alternatives to ractopamine in the diet of finishing pigs. ABSTRACT barrows similar 990 99 0 99. 43 4 3 4. 1172 117 2 117. 58 5 8 5. used Control (Control ppm 08mg mg 8mg 75 7 7.5 15 supply, supply , supply) replicate lysine P 0.05. 005 0.05 . 05 0.05) 9 11 7. 1 00 0.0 0.

RESUMO: O estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o cromo e restrições alimentares quantitativa e qualitativa como estratégias nutricionais alternativas a ractopamina para suínos machos castrados em terminação. Foram utilizados 50 suínos machos castrados, geneticamente similares, com peso inicial de 99,0 ± 4,3 kg e final de 117,2 ± 5,8 kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso em cinco tratamentos nutricionais (Controle; Rac = 10ppm de ractopamina; Cromo = 0,8mg de cromo levedura; Qualit = restrição qualitativa com menos 7,5% de energia líquida na dieta e Quanti = redução quantitativa de 15% no fornecimento de ração), com cinco repetições e dois animais por repetição. A suplementação de cromo e a restrição alimentar quantitativa reduziram (P < 0,05) os consumos de ração, lisina digestível, energia líquida e proteína bruta. O cromo, a ractopamina e a restrição quantitativa melhoraram (P < 0,05) a conversão alimentar. A suplementação de cromo, ractopamina e as restrições alimentares não influenciam (P < 0,05) as características de carcaça dos suínos. A restrição alimentar quantitativa e a suplementação de 0,8 mg de cromo levedura se apresentam como potenciais alternativas para a substituição da ractopamina nas dietas. RESUMO terminação 5 similares 990 99 0 99, 43 4 3 4, 1172 117 2 117, 58 8 5, Controle (Controle ppm 08mg 8mg 75 7 7,5 15 ração , ração) repetição P 0,05 005 05 digestível bruta 08 0, dietas 9 11 7, 1 0,0 00

Abstract The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation the diet of pigs with grape pomace preserved in silage form (GPS) and its interaction with indoor and outdoor production systems, with and without access to vegetation, on the attributes of meat quality produced. Analyzes of proximal composition, cholesterol content, fatty acid profile, shear force, texture profile and sensory analysis were performed. During cold storage, oxidative stability and objective color were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed in a 3x2 factorial design (production systems (S) x GPS-feed (F)) and the interaction between them (S*F). The results showed that there was no interaction between the production system and GPS feeding for the attributes evaluated. The proximate composition and fatty acid profile of the muscle remained unchanged. Additionally, it provides higher subjective and objective tenderness, higher red color intensity, and reduces lipid oxidation under refrigeration. The supplementation of pig feed with GPS improve the quality of the meat and constitute a sustainable alternative for the winemaking residue. (GPS vegetation produced content force storage analyzed 3x S (S GPSfeed F (F) S*F. SF S*F . (S*F) evaluated unchanged Additionally tenderness intensity refrigeration residue (F (S*F

ABSTRACT. Food production in a sustainable way is based on the association between animals and vegetables to minimize costs, environmental impact, and the use of insums in the breeding process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of pumpkin seed flour (Cucurbita pepo L.) in the diet on the performance of early-stage pigs and the reduction of endoparasites in a commercial rearing system. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three treatments and six replicates, and the experimental unit consisted of two animals, totaling 36 animals. The treatments were the basal diet and two levels of inclusion of pumpkin seed: 5 and 10%. The animals were of the Agroceres line, with 42 days of age and an average weight of 12 kg. The animals and rations were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the 35-day experimental period to obtain the performance variables. A bromatological analysis was performed to evaluate the composition of pumpkin seed and for parasitic analysis, feces were collected individually from the animal. There was no significant effect for the Tukey test at the level of 5% probability, of the inclusion of pumpkin seed flour on in the parameters of weight gain and feed conversion. Was observed the reduction of helminth eggs present in feces using egg count and oocysts per gram of feces (OPG), performed at the beginning and end of the experiment. It is indicated the inclusion of 10% of pumpkin flour in the feeding of pigs in the initial phase by reducing contamination by verminosis and does not alter animal performance. ABSTRACT costs impact process Cucurbita L. L earlystage early stage system randomized replicates 3 10 line 4 1 kg 35day day 35 variables probability conversion OPG, OPG , (OPG) experiment (OPG

Abstract: The aim was to evaluate primary implant stability and bone microarchitecture in two drilling situations, by comparing the conventional technique (CT) and osseodensification (OD) (Versah Burs - Jackson - Mississippi - USA). The implant insertion torque (IT), implant stability quotient (ISQ), and the peri-implant trabecular microstructure were assessed on bone fragments obtained from pig’s tibia (n=12), divided between CT (n=6) and OD (n=6). After the drilling procedure, the implants were installed (3.5x8.5 mm, Epikut - SIN - São Paulo - Brazil). The IT and ISQ were measured using a digital torque wrench and resonance frequency analysis. Then, the bone fragments containing the implants were removed with a trephine and analyzed by Microtomography (µCT, 8.0 µm). The comparison between groups was performed using the unpaired t-test (α=0.05). The results revealed that OD promotes a higher insertion torque (CT: 7.67±2.44 Ncm; OD: 19.78±5.26 Ncm) (p=0.0005), although ISQ was not different (CT: 61.33±4.66; OD: 63.25±4.58) (p=0.48). There was a significant increase in peri-implant bone volume (CT: 23.17±3.39 mm3; OD: 32.01±5.75 mm3) (p=0.008), and trabecular parameters: separation (CT: 0.4357±0.03 mm; OD: 0.3865±0.04 mm) (p=0.0449), number (CT: 1.626±0.18 1/mm; OD: 1.946±0.13 1/mm) (p=0.007), and thickness (CT: 0.1130±0.009 mm; OD: 0.1328±0.015 mm) (p=0.02). Structure model index (SMI) data demonstrate no significant differences between groups (CT: 1.7±0.2; OD: 1.4±0.4) (p=0.12). In conclusion, OD increases the insertion torque values and promotes beneficial changes regarding bone microarchitecture compared with CT, revealing more peri-implant bone volume with consequent higher primary stability. Abstract situations (CT (OD Versah USA. USA . USA) IT, , (IT) ISQ, (ISQ) periimplant peri pigs pig s n=12, n12 n n=12 12 (n=12) n=6 n6 6 (n=6 n=6. procedure 3.5x8.5 35x85 x 3 5x8 5 (3.5x8. mm Brazil. Brazil Brazil) analysis Then µCT, µCT (µCT 80 8 0 8. µm. µm µm) ttest t test α=0.05. α005 α α=0.05 05 (α=0.05) 767244 7 67 2 44 7.67±2.4 Ncm 1978526 19 78 26 19.78±5.2 p=0.0005, p00005 p p=0.0005 0005 (p=0.0005) 61.33±4.66 6133466 61 33 4 66 63.25±4.58 6325458 63 25 58 p=0.48. p048 p=0.48 48 (p=0.48) 2317339 23 17 39 23.17±3.3 mm3 3201575 32 01 75 32.01±5.7 p=0.008, p0008 p=0.008 008 (p=0.008) parameters 04357003 4357 03 0.4357±0.0 03865004 3865 04 0.3865±0.0 p=0.0449, p00449 p=0.0449 0449 (p=0.0449) 1626018 1 626 18 1.626±0.1 1/mm 1mm 1946013 946 13 1.946±0.1 p=0.007, p0007 p=0.007 007 (p=0.007) 011300009 1130 009 0.1130±0.00 013280015 1328 015 0.1328±0.01 p=0.02. p002 p=0.02 02 (p=0.02) SMI (SMI 1.7±0.2 1702 1.4±0.4 1404 p=0.12. p012 p=0.12 (p=0.12) conclusion (IT (ISQ n1 n=1 (n=12 n= (n= 3.5x8. 35x8 5x (3.5x8 α00 α=0.0 (α=0.05 76724 7.67±2. 197852 19.78±5. p0000 p=0.000 000 (p=0.0005 61.33±4.6 613346 63.25±4.5 632545 p04 p=0.4 (p=0.48 231733 23.17±3. 320157 32.01±5. p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.008 0435700 435 0.4357±0. 0386500 386 0.3865±0. p0044 p=0.044 044 (p=0.0449 162601 62 1.626±0. 194601 94 1.946±0. (p=0.007 01130000 113 0.1130±0.0 01328001 132 0.1328±0.0 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.02 1.7±0. 170 1.4±0. 140 p01 p=0.1 (p=0.12 (n=1 (n 3.5x8 35x (3.5x α0 α=0. (α=0.0 7672 7.67±2 19785 19.78±5 (p=0.000 61.33±4. 61334 63.25±4. 63254 p0 p=0. (p=0.4 23173 23.17±3 32015 32.01±5 (p=0.00 043570 43 0.4357±0 038650 38 0.3865±0 p004 p=0.04 (p=0.044 16260 1.626±0 19460 9 1.946±0 0113000 11 0.1130±0. 0132800 0.1328±0. (p=0.0 1.7±0 1.4±0 14 (p=0.1 3.5x α=0 (α=0. 767 7.67± 1978 19.78± 61.33±4 6133 63.25±4 6325 p=0 (p=0. 2317 23.17± 3201 32.01± 04357 0.4357± 03865 0.3865± (p=0.04 1626 1.626± 1946 1.946± 011300 0.1130±0 013280 0.1328±0 1.7± 1.4± α= (α=0 76 7.67 197 19.78 61.33± 613 63.25± 632 p= (p=0 231 23.17 320 32.01 0435 0.4357 0386 0.3865 162 1.626 194 1.946 01130 0.1130± 01328 0.1328± 1.7 1.4 (α= 7.6 19.7 61.33 63.25 (p= 23.1 32.0 043 0.435 038 0.386 16 1.62 1.94 0113 0.1130 0132 0.1328 1. (α 7. 19. 61.3 63.2 (p 23. 32. 0.43 0.38 1.6 1.9 011 0.113 013 0.132 61. 63. 0.4 0.3 0.11 0.13 0. 0.1

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estabilidade de implante e a microarquitetura óssea em duas técnicas de fresagem, comparando a técnica convencional (CT) e a osseodensificação (OD) (Versah Burs - Jackson - Mississippi - EUA). O torque de inserção do implante (IT), quociente de estabilidade primária (ISQ) e a estrutura trabecular peri-implantar foram avaliados em fragmentos ósseos obtidos de tíbia de porco (n=12), divididos entre CT (n=6) e OD (n=6). Após o procedimento de fresagem, foram instalados implantes (3,5x8,5 mm, Epikut - SIN - São Paulo - Brasil). O IT e o ISQ foram aferidos por meio de um torquimetro digital e análise de frequência de ressonância. Em seguida, os fragmentos ósseos contendo os implantes foram removidos com trefina e analisados por microtomografia computadorizada (µCT, 8,0 µm). A comparação entre os grupos foi realizada por meio do teste-t não-pareado (α=0.05). Os resultados revelaram que a OD promove maior torque de inserção (CT: 7,67 ± 2,44º Ncm; OD: 19,78 ± 5,26 Ncm) (p=0,0005), embora a estabilidade primária não tenha sido diferente (CT: 61.33 ± 4.66; OD:63.25 ± 4.58) (p=0,48). Houve um aumento significativo no volume ósseo peri-implantar (CT: 23,17±3,39 mm3; OD: 32,01±5,75 mm3) (p=0,0089) e parâmetros trabeculares: separação (CT: 0,4357 ± 0,03 mm; OD: 0,3865 ± 0,04 mm) (p=0,0449), número (CT: 1,626 ± 0,18 1/mm; OD: 1,946 ± 0,13 1/mm) (p=0,007) e espessura (CT: 0,1130 ± 0,009 mm; OD: 0,1328 ± 0,015 mm) (p=0,02) O índice de modelo estrutural (SMI) não demostrou diferença estatisticamente significativa (p=0.1228). Concluindo, OD apresenta maiores valores de torque de inserção e promove mudanças benéficas na microarquitetura óssea em comparação com a TC, revelando maior volume ósseo peri-implantar. fresagem (CT (OD Versah EUA. EUA . EUA) IT, , (IT) (ISQ periimplantar peri implantar n=12, n12 n n=12 12 (n=12) n=6 n6 6 (n=6 n=6. 3,5x8,5 35x85 x 3 5x8 5 (3,5x8, mm Brasil. Brasil Brasil) ressonância seguida µCT, µCT (µCT 80 8 0 8, µm. µm µm) testet teste t nãopareado pareado α=0.05. α005 α α=0.05 05 (α=0.05) 767 7 67 7,6 244º º 2 44º Ncm 1978 19 78 19,7 526 26 5,2 p=0,0005, p00005 p p=0,0005 0005 (p=0,0005) 6133 61 33 61.3 4.66 466 4 66 OD63.25 OD6325 63.25 63 25 OD:63.2 4.58 458 58 p=0,48. p048 p=0,48 48 (p=0,48) 2317339 23 17 39 23,17±3,3 mm3 3201575 32 01 75 32,01±5,7 p=0,0089 p00089 0089 (p=0,0089 trabeculares 04357 4357 0,435 003 03 0,0 03865 3865 0,386 004 04 p=0,0449, p00449 p=0,0449 0449 (p=0,0449) 1626 1 626 1,62 018 18 0,1 1/mm 1mm 1946 946 1,94 013 13 p=0,007 p0007 007 (p=0,007 01130 1130 0,113 0009 009 0,00 01328 1328 0,132 0015 015 0,01 p=0,02 p002 02 (p=0,02 SMI (SMI p=0.1228. p01228 p=0.1228 1228 (p=0.1228) Concluindo TC periimplantar. implantar. (IT n1 n=1 (n=12 n= (n= 3,5x8, 35x8 5x (3,5x8 α00 α=0.0 (α=0.05 76 7, 197 19, 52 5, p0000 p=0,000 000 (p=0,0005 613 61. 4.6 46 OD63 OD63.2 OD632 6325 63.2 OD:63. 4.5 45 p04 p=0,4 (p=0,48 231733 23,17±3, 320157 32,01±5, p=0,008 p0008 008 (p=0,008 0435 435 0,43 00 0, 0386 386 0,38 p0044 p=0,044 044 (p=0,0449 162 62 1,6 194 94 1,9 p=0,00 p000 (p=0,00 0113 113 0,11 0132 132 001 p=0,0 p00 (p=0,0 p0122 p=0.122 122 (p=0.1228 (n=1 (n 3,5x8 35x (3,5x α0 α=0. (α=0.0 (p=0,000 4. OD6 OD63. 632 63. OD:63 p0 p=0, (p=0,4 23173 23,17±3 32015 32,01±5 043 43 0,4 038 38 0,3 p004 p=0,04 (p=0,044 16 1, 9 011 11 (p=0, p012 p=0.12 (p=0.122 3,5x α=0 (α=0. OD:6 p=0 2317 23,17± 3201 32,01± (p=0,04 (p=0 p01 p=0.1 (p=0.12 α= (α=0 p= 231 23,17 320 32,01 (p= p=0. (p=0.1 (α= 23,1 32,0 (p (p=0. (α 23, 32,