ABSTRACT The search for new technologies capable of providing benefits to healthy eating is a global goal. The consumption of foods rich in carotenoids can prevent serious health problems. Thus, the availability of foods high in carotenoids that are accessible to the majority of the population is essential. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a suitable species for biofortification research based on genetic improvements. In this study, we aimed to select and obtain hybrid lettuce populations with high agronomic potential and biofortified carotenoid content. Ten lettuce lines registered in the “BG α Biofort” software were selected for hybridization. The crosses used to obtain the hybrids involved two strains rich in at least one of the pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), and 24 experimental hybrids were obtained. A total of 37 genotypes (strains, hybrids, and commercial cultivars) were evaluated using a randomized block design for agronomic variables and chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Hybrids 12 (UFU-189#3#4#1 × UFU MC BIOFORT 2) and 25 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU-189#3#4#1) had the potential to produce dual-purpose populations (yield and carotenoid biofortification). Hybrid 27 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU MC BIOFORT1) exhibited the best pigment balance. Thus, F2 hybrids 12, 25, and 27 should be obtained to produce new cultivars of biofortified red and green lettuce for curly, american, mini, and romaine lettuce segments. goal problems Thus essential Lactuca L. L improvements study content BG Biofort hybridization carotenoids, , carotenoids) 2 3 strains, (strains 1 UFU189#3#4#1 UFU189341 189#3#4#1 189 4 (UFU-189#3#4# UFU66#4#2 UFU6642 UFU66 (UFU66#4# UFU-189#3#4#1 dualpurpose dual purpose yield biofortification. . biofortification) BIOFORT1 balance F curly american mini segments UFU189 UFU189#3#4# UFU18934 189341 189#3#4# 18 (UFU-189#3#4 UFU66#4# UFU664 UFU6 (UFU66#4 UFU-189#3#4# UFU18 UFU189#3#4 UFU1893 18934 189#3#4 (UFU-189#3# UFU66#4 (UFU66# UFU-189#3#4 UFU1 UFU189#3# 1893 189#3# (UFU-189#3 UFU66# (UFU66 UFU-189#3# UFU189#3 189#3 (UFU-189# (UFU6 UFU-189#3 UFU189# 189# (UFU-189 (UFU UFU-189# (UFU-18 UFU-189 (UFU-1 UFU-18 (UFU- UFU-1 UFU-

RESUMO A busca por novas tecnologias capazes de proporcionar benefícios para uma alimentação saudável tem sido meta mundial. A presença de alimentos ricos em carotenoides pode ser fundamental para prevenir sérios problemas de saúde. Aliar alimentos com altos teores de carotenoides e acessíveis para a maior parte da população é fundamental. A alface (Lactuca sativa L.) se apresenta como uma espécie adequada para investir em pesquisas com biofortificação a partir de melhoramento genético. Assim, o objetivo com este estudo foi selecionar híbridos de alface visando à obtenção de populações com potencial agronômico e biofortificadas para carotenoides. Dez linhagens de alface cadastradas no Software “BG α Biofort” foram utilizadas nas hibridações. Os cruzamentos para obtenção dos híbridos foram planejados envolvendo duas linhagens ricas em pelo menos um dos pigmentos (clorofila e carotenoides) sendo obtidos 24 híbridos experimentais. Foram avaliados 37 genótipos (linhagens, híbridos e cultivares comercias) em delineamento em blocos casualizados quanto as variáveis agronômicas e teores de clorofila e carotenoides. Foi verificado que os híbridos 12 (UFU-189#3#4#1 × UFU MC BIOFORT 2) e 25 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU-189#3#4#1) possuem potencial para obtenção de populações de duplo propósito (produtividade e biofortificada para carotenoide). O híbrido 27 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU MC BIOFORT1) foi o que apresentou maior equilíbrio para pigmentos. Sugere-se a obtenção de populações F2 dos híbridos 12, 25 e 27 visando a obtenção de novas cultivares de alfaces biofortificadas vermelhas e verdes, para os segmentos de alface crespa, americana, mini e romana. mundial saúde Lactuca L. L genético Assim BG Biofort hibridações 2 experimentais 3 linhagens, (linhagens comercias 1 UFU189#3#4#1 UFU189341 189#3#4#1 189 4 (UFU-189#3#4# UFU66#4#2 UFU6642 UFU66 (UFU66#4# UFU-189#3#4#1 produtividade carotenoide. carotenoide . carotenoide) BIOFORT1 Sugerese Sugere F verdes crespa americana romana UFU189 UFU189#3#4# UFU18934 189341 189#3#4# 18 (UFU-189#3#4 UFU66#4# UFU664 UFU6 (UFU66#4 UFU-189#3#4# UFU18 UFU189#3#4 UFU1893 18934 189#3#4 (UFU-189#3# UFU66#4 (UFU66# UFU-189#3#4 UFU1 UFU189#3# 1893 189#3# (UFU-189#3 UFU66# (UFU66 UFU-189#3# UFU189#3 189#3 (UFU-189# (UFU6 UFU-189#3 UFU189# 189# (UFU-189 (UFU UFU-189# (UFU-18 UFU-189 (UFU-1 UFU-18 (UFU- UFU-1 UFU-

ABSTRACT In the semi-arid climate, the growth of fruit seedlings is challenged by the water stress characteristic of the region, which can restrict their development and, consequently, affect production. In this context, the aim was to assess the effect of pyroligneous extract on gas exchange characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, growth, and biomass of pitanga under different intensities of water deficit. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates, corresponding to water deficit periods (7 and 14 days) and control (daily irrigation), in substrates with and without pyroligneous extract. The plants were evaluated for gas exchange characteristics, chlorophyll indices, growth, and dry biomass. Application of pyroligneous extract after 7 days of water deficit increased the photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency and Dickson quality index of pitanga seedlings by 40.04, 42.85 and 41.51%, respectively, compared to 14 days of water deficit. Pyroligneous extract was effective as a water stress attenuator in pitanga seedlings, especially during the first seven days of exposure to stress. Therefore, its application is recommended as a preventive and short-term measure to mitigate such effects on pitanga seedlings. semiarid semi arid climate region consequently production context characteristics pigments scheme replicates ( 1 daily irrigation, irrigation , irrigation) indices rate 4004 40 04 40.04 4285 42 85 42.8 4151 41 51 41.51% respectively Therefore shortterm short term 400 4 0 40.0 428 8 42. 415 5 41.51 40. 41.5 41.

RESUMO No clima semiárido, o crescimento de mudas frutíferas é desafiado pelo estresse hídrico característico da região, o que pode restringir seu desenvolvimento e, consequentemente, afetar a produção. Nesse contexto, o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do extrato pirolenhoso nas características de troca gasosa, pigmentos fotossintéticos, crescimento e biomassa de pitangueira sob diferentes intensidades de déficit hídrico. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação utilizando um delineamento em blocos casualizados em um esquema fatorial 3 × 2, com quatro repetições, correspondendo a períodos de déficit hídrico foram de 7 e 14 dias, além do controle (irrigação diária), no substrato sem e com extrato pirolenhoso. As plantas foram avaliadas quanto às características de trocas gasosas foliares, índices de clorofila, crescimento e biomassa seca. A aplicação de extrato pirolenhoso aos 7 dias de déficit hídrico elevou a taxa fotossintética, a eficiência de carboxilação e o índice de qualidade de Dickson das mudas de pitanga em 40,04, 42,85 e 41,51%, respectivamente, em comparação aos 14 dias de déficit hídrico. O extrato pirolenhoso foi efetivo como um atenuante do estresse hídrico nas mudas de pitanga, especialmente durante os primeiros sete dias de exposição ao estresse. Assim, sua aplicação é recomendada como uma medida preventiva e de curto prazo para mitigar tais efeitos nas mudas de pitanga. semiárido região consequentemente produção contexto gasosa fotossintéticos 2 repetições 1 irrigação diária, diária , diária) foliares clorofila seca fotossintética 4004 40 04 40,04 4285 42 85 42,8 4151 41 51 41,51% respectivamente Assim 400 4 0 40,0 428 8 42, 415 5 41,51 40, 41,5 41,

ABSTRACT The sorghum crop is considered one of the most important worldwide due to its versatility. However, water stress can be considered a significant threat to its yield. The search for products that mitigate water stress is a crucial area of research in agriculture and water resources management. Thus, the objective in this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using salicylic acid as a water stress attenuator in sorghum. The experiment was conducted in a screened environment in a randomized block design with a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. Four levels of water (40, 60, 80, and 100% of evapotranspiration) and two concentrations of salicylic acid (0 and 2.76 g L-1) were evaluated. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were analyzed. Application of deficit irrigation depths reduced plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and total chlorophyll in sorghum. However, when these depths were associated with salicylic acid, it was observed that the damage was attenuated, especially in chlorophyll a and b. Furthermore, salicylic acid reduced leaf temperature and increased water use efficiency when applied alone. Thus, salicylic acid can be used to mitigate the effects of salt stress on sorghum plants. versatility However yield management Thus scheme replicates 40, 40 (40 60 80 100 evapotranspiration 0 ( 276 76 2.7 L1 L 1 L-1 evaluated height diameter leaves exchange pigments analyzed attenuated b Furthermore alone plants (4 6 8 10 27 7 2. L-

RESUMO A cultura do sorgo é considerada uma das mais importantes do mundo devido a sua versatilidade de utilização. No entanto, o estresse hídrico pode ser considerado uma ameaça significativa para sua produtividade. A busca por produtos mitigadores do estresse hídrico é uma área de pesquisa crucial na agricultura e na gestão de recursos hídricos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade do uso do ácido salicílico como atenuante de estresse hídrico na cultura do sorgo. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente telado, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com esquema fatorial 4 × 2, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados quatro níveis hídricos (40, 60, 80 e 100% da evapotranspiração) e duas concentrações de ácido salicílico (0 e 2,76 g L-1). Foram analisados a altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, trocas gasosas, pigmentos fotossintéticos e fluorescência da clorofila a. A aplicação de lâminas de irrigação deficitárias reduziu a altura da planta, diâmetro do colmo, número de folhas e clorofila total no sorgo. No entanto, quando essas lâminas foram associadas ao ácido salicílico, foi observado que houve atenuação dos danos, especialmente em relação a clorofila a e b. Além disso, o ácido salicílico quando aplicado isoladamente, contribuiu para redução da temperatura da folha e aumento da eficiência de uso da água. Assim, o ácido salicílico pode ser usado para mitigar os efeitos do estresse salino em plantas de sorgo. utilização entanto produtividade Assim telado 2 repetições 40, 40 (40 60 8 100 evapotranspiração 0 ( 276 76 2,7 L1. L1 L 1 . L-1) caule gasosas planta colmo danos b disso isoladamente água (4 6 10 27 7 L-1 L-

Abstract This study handles the possibility of formulating artisanal paints for wall paintings whose pigments come from plants, considering the need for additives and techniques capable of guaranteeing a good performance for internal walls of buildings. The lack of recipes and publications on the proportion of each component to obtain a paint with good performance motivated the preparation of the present research, in which formulations were developed through experimental design of mixtures to obtain homogeneous suspensions that comply with the limits stipulated by NBR 15079-1:2021. The performance of the mixtures in the Abrasion Resistance Test was evaluated according to the variations in the proportions of the components of the mixtures, and the pH and viscosity variable. The results indicate that the highest levels of abrasion resistance were achieved by raising the levels of pigment and bactericide, while high pH indices showed high viscosity and good performance against abrasion resistance, and vice versa. Through this study, it is concluded that it is possible to elaborate paints with Curcuma Longa L. pigments and natural inputs with satisfactory performance for the application and elaboration of mural paintings on internal walls of buildings. plants buildings research 1507912021. 1507912021 15079 1 2021. 2021 15079-1:2021 variable bactericide versa L 150791202 1507 202 15079-1:202 15079120 150 20 15079-1:20 1507912 15 2 15079-1:2 150791 15079-1: 15079-1 15079-

Resumo Opresente estudo buscou formular tintas artesanais para pinturas de murais cujos pigmentos sejam oriundos de plantas, considerando a necessidade de aditivos e técnicas capazes de garantir um bom desempenho para paredes internas de edificações. A falta de receitas e publicações sobre a proporção de cada componente para a obtenção de uma tinta com bom desempenho motivou a elaboração da presente pesquisa, em que foram desenvolvidas formulações através de delineamento experimental de misturas para obter suspensões homogêneas que estejam em conformidade com os limites de desempenho definidos pela NBR 15079-1:2021. O desempenho das misturas frente ao ensaio de resistência à abrasão (RAU) foi avaliado de acordo com as variações das proporções dos componentes das misturas e as variáveis de pH e viscosidade. Os resultados indicam que os índices mais elevados de RAU foram alcançados ao elevar os níveis de pigmento e bactericida, ao passo que altos índices de pH apresentaram viscosidade elevada e bom desempenho frente à RAU, e vice-versa. Através do presente estudo, conclui-se que é possível elaborar tintas com pigmentos de Curcuma Longa L. e insumos naturais com desempenho satisfatório para aplicação e elaboração de pinturas murais em paredes internas de edificações. plantas edificações pesquisa 1507912021. 1507912021 15079 1 2021. 2021 15079-1:2021 (RAU bactericida viceversa. viceversa vice versa. versa vice-versa concluise conclui se L 150791202 1507 202 15079-1:202 15079120 150 20 15079-1:20 1507912 15 2 15079-1:2 150791 15079-1: 15079-1 15079-

Abstract Cool materials have higher values of solar reflectance and lower values of thermal emittance, although still high when compared to conventional coatings, thus, their surfaces are less heated. In this regard, the goal was to identify the chemical elements present on cool surfaces that influence solar reflectance and thermal emittance. To this end, the spectral reflectance and the thermal emittance were measured with methods and equipment standardized by the Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC) of 23 elastomeric cool coatings commercialized in the Brazilian market, and the chemical composition of the surfaces with EDS (Energy-dispersive X-ray detector) coupled to the field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) was analyzed. The presence of the metallic chemical element (titanium) in greater quantities on the surfaces was not decisive for lower thermal emittance values. The surfaces of materials with lower carbon and higher oxygen content have higher near infrared and solar reflectance. Therefore, surfaces with a matte finish have higher solar reflectance values because of the higher ratio of pigments in relation to resin than those with a glossy finish, which are mistakenly associated with higher reflectance due to its high surface gloss. thus heated regard end CRRC (CRRC 2 market Energydispersive Energy dispersive Xray X ray detector FESEM FE SEM (FE-SEM analyzed titanium (titanium Therefore gloss

Resumo Os materiais frios possuem maiores valores de refletância solar e menores, apesar de elevados, de emitância térmica comparados aos revestimentos convencionais, desta forma, aquecem menos suas superfícies. Assim, o objetivo foi identificar os elementos químicos presentes nas superfícies frias que influenciam na refletância solar e emitância térmica. Para isso, foram medidas a refletância espectral e a emitância térmica com métodos e equipamentos normatizados pelo Cool Roof Rating Council (CRRC) de 23 revestimentos frios elastoméricos do mercado brasileiro e analisada a composição química das superfícies com EDS (detector de energia dispersiva de raios-x) acoplado ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura por emissão de campo (SEM-FEG). A presença do elemento químico metálico (titânio) em maiores quantidades nas superfícies não foi determinante para menores valores de emitância térmica. As superfícies dos materiais com menor quantidade de carbono e maior em oxigênio possuem maior refletância no infravermelho próximo e solar. Portanto, superfícies com acabamento superficial fosco têm maiores valores de refletância solar por causa da maior proporção de pigmentos em relação à resina do que as de acabamento brilhante, que erroneamente são associadas com maior refletância por causa do alto brilho superficial. elevados convencionais forma Assim isso CRRC (CRRC 2 detector raiosx raios x raios-x SEMFEG. SEMFEG SEM FEG . (SEM-FEG) titânio (titânio Portanto brilhante (SEM-FEG

Abstract Introduction: Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are bioessential micronutrients for plants but can impair the energetic metabolism when present at high levels. Objective: To assess the photosynthetic performance and oxidative damages in Rhizophora mangle L. leaf tissues at low and high concentrations of Fe (74 and 195 mg kg-1; Feleaf) and Mn (65 and 414 mg kg-1; Mnleaf). Methods: Photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a fluorescence, leaf CO2 assimilation and gas exchange and DPPH• radical scavenging capacity were sampled in R. mangle growing in estuarine forests in the North region of Espírito Santo State and the extreme South of Bahia State (Brazil) showing low and high Feleaf and Mnleaf. Results: Effects of high Fe and Mn were not identified on pigment levels. The increase in Feleaf and Mnleaf at the levels observed in this assessment had a positive effect on the number of reaction centers and on the efficiency of the oxygen-evolving complex, evaluated as K-band, while no changes were found in the parameters related to the excitation trapping efficiency at the active center of photosystem II. Distinct interference patterns of Fe and Mn on the functional processes of photosynthesis were identified, especially on CO2 assimilation and reactive oxygen species metabolism, with major effects on CO2 assimilation and carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco at high Mnleaf. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the efficiency of R. mangle in positively regulating the electron transport chain in response to high Fe and Mn, at least in terms of the preservation of structure and functionality of the plant photosynthetic apparatus. Moreover, interference of high Mnleaf in R. mangle occurs at non-stomatal and biochemical levels. There is an antagonistic interference of these trace elements with the physiology of R. mangle, which is a dominant species in Brazilian mangroves.

Resumen Introducción: El hierro (Fe) y el manganeso (Mn) son micronutrientes bioesenciales para las plantas, pero pueden afectar el metabolismo energético cuando están presentes en niveles altos. Objetivo: Evaluar el desempeño fotosintético y los daños oxidativos en tejidos foliares de Rhizophora mangle L. a bajas y altas concentraciones de Fe (74 y 195 mg kg-1; Feleaf) y Mn (65 y 414 mg kg-1; Mnleaf). Métodos: Se muestrearon pigmentos fotosintéticos, fluorescencia de clorofila a, asimilación e intercambio de gases de CO2 foliar y capacidad de eliminación de radicales DPPH• en R. mangle que crece en bosques de estuarios en la región Norte del estado de Espírito Santo y el extremo Sur del Estado de Bahía (Brasil) mostrando Feleaf y Mnleaf bajos y altos. Resultados: No se identificaron efectos de niveles elevados de Fe y Mn en los niveles de pigmento. El aumento de Feleaf y Mnleaf en los niveles observados en esta evaluación tuvo un efecto positivo en el número de centros de reacción y en la eficiencia del complejo generador de oxígeno, evaluado como banda K, mientras que no se encontraron cambios en los parámetros relacionados con la eficiencia de atrapamiento de excitación en el centro activo del fotosistema II. Se identificaron distintos patrones de interferencia de Fe y Mn en los procesos funcionales de la fotosíntesis, especialmente en la asimilación de CO2 y el metabolismo de las especies reactivas de oxígeno, con efectos importantes en la asimilación de CO2 y la eficiencia de carboxilación de Rubisco a niveles altos de Mnleaf. Conclusión: Los hallazgos demuestran la eficiencia de R. mangle en la regulación positiva de la cadena de transporte de electrones en respuesta a los altos niveles de Fe y Mn, al menos en términos de preservación de la estructura y funcionalidad del aparato fotosintético de la planta. Además, la interferencia de Mnleaf alto en R. mangle se presenta a niveles no estomáticos y bioquímicos. Hay interferencia antagónica de estos oligoelementos con la fisiología de R. mangle, que es una especie dominante en los manglares brasileños.

Abstract Fermentation in a solid medium is a technique used for the production of chitin, pigments, proteins and lipids. In the present work, changes in the chemical and microbiological composition were evaluated in micro silages of shrimp (Litopeneus vanamei) and grasshopper (Sphenarium purpurascens) exoskeletons, fermented with a commercial inoculum of Lactobacillus plantarum AVG-112. The amount of molasses for fermentation, proximal composition and microbiological count of the silages, were determined. The waste was mixed with sugarcane molasses as a carbon source and inoculated using a commercial strain (Lactobacillus plantarum AVG-112). After 5 days of fermentation, both silages presented acceptable physical and chemical characteristics. Total coliforms, molds and yeasts were not present and were inhibited by the ensiling process. We concluded that fermentation in a solid medium has suitable characteristics for use as a food supplement for aquatic organisms.

Resumen La fermentación en medio sólido es una técnica utilizada para la producción de quitina, pigmentos, proteínas y lípidos. En el presente trabajo se evaluaron los cambios en la composición química y microbiológica en micro ensilados de exoesqueletos de camarón (Litopeneus vanamei) y chapulín (Sphenarium purpurascens) fermentados con un inoculo comercial de Lactobacillus plantarum AVG-112. Se determinó la cantidad de melaza para la fermentación, la composición proximal y la cuenta microbiológica de los ensilados. Los desechos se mezclaron con melaza de caña de azúcar como fuente de carbono y se inoculó usando una cepa comercial (Lactobacillus plantarum AVG-112). A los 5 d de fermentación ambos ensilados presentaron características físicas y químicas aceptables. Los coliformes totales, mohos y levaduras no estuvieron presentes siendo inhibidos por el proceso de ensilaje. Concluimos que la fermentación en medio sólido tiene características adecuadas para su utilización como suplemento en alimentos para organismos acuáticos.

ABSTRACT Soil contamination with toxic metals brings along severe environmental issues. Among these metals, copper (Cu) is harmful to plant development when it reaches high contamination levels in the soil. Thus, identifying species capable of resisting this contamination type helps these sites’ revegetation and decontamination processes. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the tolerance of Cedrela fissilis plants to excess Cu through morphophysiological and biochemical variables. C. fissilis seedlings were subjected to five concentrations of Cu (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg L-1). The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and four repetitions. Morphophysiological (number of leaves, shoot height, root length, dry weight, morphological variables of the root system, and leaf area) and biochemical (antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide concentration, and photosynthetic pigments) traits and Cu accumulated in roots and shoot were evaluated. High concentrations of Cu had a negative effect on the shoot and root dry weight, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate. Overall, Cu increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation. Therefore, Cu incidence in the nutrient solution has negatively influenced the biochemical and physiological traits of C. fissilis seedlings to the detriment of their growth. Thus, it was possible to identify sensitive behavior by the investigated species. Because of these features, C. fissilis seedlings can be used as markers for copper-contaminated areas. issues (Cu soil Thus sites processes Therefore C 0, 0 (0 2 4 6 L1. L1 L 1 . L-1) randomized repetitions number leaves height length weight system area peroxidation concentration pigments evaluated rate conductance Overall growth features coppercontaminated contaminated areas ( L-1 L-

RESUMO A contaminação do solo com metais tóxicos traz consigo graves problemas ambientais. Dentre esses metais, o cobre (Cu) é prejudicial ao desenvolvimento das plantas quando atinge elevados níveis de contaminação no solo. Assim, identificar espécies capazes de resistir a esse tipo de contaminação auxilia nos processos de revegetação e descontaminação desses locais. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a tolerância de plantas de Cedrela fissilis ao excesso de Cu através de variáveis morfofisiológicas e bioquímicas. Mudas de C. fissilis foram submetidas a cinco concentrações de Cu (0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 mg L-1). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Características morfofisiológicas (número de folhas, altura da parte aérea, comprimento da raiz, massa seca, variáveis morfológicas do sistema radicular e área foliar) e bioquímicas (enzimas antioxidantes, peroxidação lipídica, concentração de peróxido de hidrogênio e pigmentos fotossintéticos) e Cu acumulado nas raízes e folhas foram avaliados. Altas concentrações de Cu tiveram efeito negativo no peso seco da parte aérea e das raízes, na taxa fotossintética, na condutância estomática e na taxa transpiratória. No geral, o Cu aumentou a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes e a peroxidação lipídica. Portanto, a incidência de Cu na solução nutritiva influenciou negativamente as características bioquímicas e fisiológicas das mudas de C. fissilis em detrimento do seu crescimento. Assim, foi possível identificar o comportamento sensível da espécie investigada. Devido a essas características, mudas de C. fissilis podem ser utilizadas como bioindicadoras de áreas contaminadas por cobre. ambientais (Cu Assim locais Portanto C 0, 0 (0 2 4 L1. L1 L 1 . L-1) casualizado repetições número raiz seca foliar lipídica fotossintéticos avaliados fotossintética transpiratória geral crescimento investigada ( L-1 L-

Abstract Background Skin modification through tattoos is as old as humanity itself. However, this trend is on the rise, and with the use of different types of pigments and application practices, both cutaneous and systemic complications can arise. Adverse reactions can be grouped into five classes: inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, aesthetic, and miscellaneous. On histopathology, inflammatory reactions can exhibit a lichenoid pattern or present as spongiotic dermatitis, granulomatous reactions, pseudolymphoma, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, or scleroderma/morphea-like changes. This article reviews tattoo complications, including their clinical and histopathological characteristics. Methods An open search was conducted on PubMed using the terms “tattoo”, “complications”, and “skin”. No limits were set for period, language, or publication type of the articles. Results Reactions to tattoos are reported in up to 67% of people who get tattooed, with papulonodular and granulomatous reactions being the most common. Some neoplastic complications have been described, but their causality is still debated. Any pigment can cause adverse reactions, although red ink is more frequently associated with them. Patients with pre-existing dermatoses may experience exacerbation or complications of their diseases when getting tattoos; therefore, this procedure is not recommended for this patient group. Conclusions Dermatological consultation is recommended before getting a tattoo, as well as a histopathological examination in case of complications. In patients who develop cutaneous inflammatory reactions following tattooing, additional studies are recommended to investigate systemic diseases such as sarcoidosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, atopic dermatitis, and neoplasms. It is important for physicians to be trained in providing appropriate care in case of complications. itself However rise practices arise classes infectious aesthetic miscellaneous histopathology dermatitis pseudolymphoma hyperplasia scleroderma/morphealike sclerodermamorphealike scleroderma/morphea like scleroderma morphea changes characteristics , “tattoo” “complications” skin. skin . “skin” period language articles 67 tattooed common described debated them preexisting pre existing therefore group tattooing sarcoidosis gangrenosum neoplasms morphealike sclerodermamorphea “tattoo “complications “skin 6

Abstract The exploration of the biodiversity of cyanobacteria and microalgae holds great promise for obtaining pigments of industrial interest. This study focused on the bioprospecting of these organisms to obtain pigments of industrial interest together with enriched biomass. We investigated the impact of photoperiod and concentration of C/N/P nutrient sources in heterotrophic cultures, controlling specific variables such as light intensity, volume, pH, temperature, air flow and time to produce phycobiliproteins in Arthrospira platensis UTEX1926 and total carotenoids in Scenedesmus sp. using a nonfactorial Plackett‒Burman design in STATISTICA 7.0 software. The biomass concentration was determined by dry weight, while the concentrations of phycocyanin and carotenoids were determined spectrophotometrically at specific wavelengths. Heterotrophic cultures demonstrated superior productivity, with phycocyanin and carotenoids achieving percentages of 7% and 0.4% (w/w), respectively, and an R2 value of 0.99. Among the influential parameters, potassium diphosphate and sodium bicarbonate played pivotal roles in the final deposition of carotenoids and phycocyanin, respectively, yielding concentrations of 96.5 mg/L phycocyanin and 6.5 mg/L carotenoids.

Resumen La exploración de la biodiversidad de cianobacterias y microalgas es muy prometedora para la obtención de pigmentos de interés industrial. Este estudio se centra en la bioprospección de estos organismos para obtener pigmentos de interés industrial junto con biomasa enriquecida. Investigamos el impacto del fotoperiodo y la concentración de fuentes de nutrientes C/N/P en cultivos heterótrofos, controlando variables específicas como la intensidad luminosa, volumen, pH, temperatura, flujo de aire y tiempo para la producción de ficobiliproteínas en Arthrospira platensis UTEX1926 y carotenoides totales en Scenedesmus sp. Empleando un diseño Plackett‒Burman no factorial en el software STATISTICA 7.0. La concentración de biomasa fue determinada por peso seco, mientras que la concentración de ficocianinas y carotenoides fueron determinadas espectrofotométricamente a longitudes de onda específicas. Los cultivos heterótrofos demostraron una productividad superior, alcanzando las ficocianinas y los carotenoides porcentajes del 7% y el 0,4% (% p/p) respectivamente, y un notable valor R2 de 0,99. Entre los parámetros influyentes, el difosfato potásico y el bicarbonato sódico desempeñaron papeles fundamentales en la deposición final de carotenoides y ficocianinas, respectivamente, alcanzando concentraciones de 96,5 mg/L de ficocianinas y 6,5 mg/L de carotenoides.

ABSTRACT The marine phytoplankton community responds to latitudinal, longitudinal (coast to ocean), and vertical environmental gradients, an important subject in Oxygen minimum zones (OMZ). The phytoplankton structure and the effect of environmental gradients along the central Mexican Pacific, an area within an OMZ, were studied, especially the importance of size fractions and taxonomic groups. A combination of various methods and protocols, such as microscopic analysis, flow cytometer, and pigment analysis, were followed in this study. Oceanographic conditions included thermal gradients along the study area and unreported evidence of a weak upwelling in the southern zone (Acapulco). Vertical distribution of chlorophyll a showed subsurface maxima (SCM, 15-45 m depth) in all stations, and deeper chlorophyll-a maxima (DCM, 85-95 m depth) in more oceanic stations. Chain-forming diatoms dominated in the northern zone stations. Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and picoeukaryotes abundances ranged between 0.01 to 21.7 cells×104 mL−1, although most samples showed the highest contribution to biomass (47.95 µg C L−1) by picoeukaryotes. Expected tendencies of Prochlorococcus distribution were observed: highest densities coincided with the DCM and divinyl chlorophyll-a distribution at oceanic stations. Fucoxanthin had the highest concentrations, whereas fucoxanthin and zeaxanthin concentrations were higher at SCM depths. We documented the co-dominance of the pico- and microplankton: picoplankton was important at the DCM, related to oligotrophic and more stratified water column, whereas microplankton prevailed in coastal stations, with mixed water column, high nutrient concentrations, and diatoms as the dominant group. Picoeukaryotes abundances were related to the concentration of prasinoxanthin, which suggests an important mamiellophyte component not previously revealed.

ABSTRACT Excess of salts in water and/or soil stands out as one of the stresses that compromise the development of crops, including cherry tomato, requiring the use of strategies that reduce salt stress effects, such as foliar application of hydrogen peroxide. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of H2O2 on the contents of photosynthetic pigments, growth, and production of cherry tomato under irrigation water salinity. The design used was randomized blocks, in a 5 × 5 factorial scheme, with five values of electrical conductivity of water - ECw (0.3, 1.0, 1.7, 2.4, and 3.1 dS m-1) and five concentrations of hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 μM). Application of hydrogen peroxide at concentration of 60 μM attenuated the deleterious effects of salt stress on the growth and number of leaves of cherry tomato up to ECw of 3.1 dS m-1. Hydrogen peroxide concentration of 45 μM increased root dry mass, synthesis of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll under electrical conductivity of water of 0.3 dS m-1 and synthesis of chlorophyll a up to ECw of 0.8 dS m-1. Foliar application of 30 μM reduced the effects of salt stress on leaf, shoot and total dry mass accumulation up to ECw of 3.1 dS m-1. Electrical conductivity of water from 1.41 dS m-1 reduced the production of cherry tomato. andor or crops Thus HO H O H2O pigments salinity blocks scheme 0.3, 03 0 3 (0.3 10 1 1.0 17 7 1.7 24 2 4 2.4 31 3. m1 m 0, (0 15 6 μM. . μM) m1. 1. 0. m- 08 8 leaf 141 41 1.4 (0. 2. ( 14

RESUMO O excesso de sais na água e/ou no solo se destaca como um dos estresses que compromete o desenvolvimento das culturas, dentre elas o tomate cereja, sendo necessário o uso de estratégias que reduzam o efeito do estresse salino, como à aplicação foliar de peróxido de hidrogênio. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação foliar de H2O2 sobre o teor de pigmentos fotossintéticos, crescimento e produção de tomate cereja sob salinidade da água de irrigação. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 × 5, sendo cinco valores de condutividade elétrica da água - CEa (0,3; 1,0; 1,7; 2,4 e 3,1 dS m-1) e cinco concentrações de peroxido de hidrogênio - H2O2 (0; 15; 30; 45 e 60 µM). A aplicação de peróxido de hidrogênio na concentração de 60 µM atenuou o efeito deletério do estresse salino no crescimento em altura de plantas e no número de folhas de tomate cereja até a CEa de 3,1 dS m-1. A concentração de 45 µM de peróxido de hidrogênio aumentou a fitomassa seca de raiz, a sintese de clorofila b e total sob água de condutividade elétrica de 0,3 dS m-1 e de clorofila a até a CEa de 0,8 dS m-1. A aplicação foliar de 30 µM reduziu o efeito do estresse salino no acúmulo de fitomassa seca de folhas, da parte aérea e total até a CEa de 3,1 dS m-1. A condutividade elétrica da água a partir de 1,41 dS m-1 reduziu a produção de tomate cereja. eou ou culturas Assim HO H H2O fotossintéticos irrigação casualizados 03 0 3 (0,3 1,0 10 1 1,7 17 7 24 2 4 2, 31 3, m1 m (0 15 6 µM. . µM) m1. 1. raiz 0, m- 08 8 141 41 1,4 (0, 1, ( 14

Resumen Las glóquidas de la tuna son un subproducto del proceso de limpieza del fruto que se desecha en bolsas plásticas, lo que genera un impacto ambiental con efecto acumulativo debido a que este material lignocelulósico es de biodegradabilidad baja. Para generar valor agregado a este subproducto agrícola se determinaron las propiedades fitoquímicas de los pigmentos y polisacáridos pécticos en hidrolizados de glóquidas de Opuntia albicarpa Cristalina y Burrona. Los análisis por espectrofotometría mostraron que estas estructuras contienen 16.2 ± 3.4 y 20.6 ± 1.2 mg·100 g-1 de betalaínas totales en Cristalina y Burrona, respectivamente, con predominancia de betacianinas. Los flavonoides totales fueron similares en ambas variedades con 101.3 ± 4.3 mg quercetina 100g-1 en Cristalina y 112.9 ± 6.9 mg·100g-1 en Burrona. La concentración de fenoles totales fue 427.4 ± 18.4 y 385.7 ± 17.0 mg·100g-1 en Burrona y Cristalina, respectivamente. La concentración de pectinas totales, expresada como ácido galacturónico, fue de 128.7 ± 26.7 y 35.6 ± 17.3 mg·100g-1 de muestra en Burrona y Cristalina. La composición de las glóquidas mostró que el subproducto del beneficiado de la tuna tiene potencial de uso nutracéutico y bioestimulante de cultivos agrícolas.

Summary Glochids of prickly pear are a byproduct of the fruit cleaning process that is discarded in plastic bags, which generate an environmental impact with cumulative effect because this lignocellulosic material is of low biodegradability. In order to generate added value to this agricultural by-product, the phytochemical properties of the pigments and pectic polysaccharides were determined in glochid hydrolysates of Opuntia albicarpa Cristalina and Burrona. Spectrophotometry analyses indicated that these structures contain 16.2 ± 3.4 and 20.6 ± 1.2 mg·100g-1 total betalains in Cristalina and Burrona, respectively, with a predominance of betacyanins. Total flavonoids were similar in both varieties with 101.3 ± 4.3 mg quercetina·100g-1 in Cristalina and 112.9 ± 6.9 mg·100g-1 in Burrona. Total phenols concentration was 427.4 ± 18.4 and 385.7 ± 17.0 mg·100g-1 in Burrona and Cristalina, respectively. The concentration of total pectins, expressed as galacturonic acid, was 128.7 ± 26.7 and 35.6 ± 17.3 mg·100g-1 in Burrona and Cristalina. The composition of the glochids showed that the by-product of the prickly pear conditioning has potential for nutraceutical and biostimulant use in agricultural crops.

Resumen El objetivo fue evaluar el contenido nutricional e índice de clorofila (ICC) de seis forrajes arbóreos, para ello se analizó el ICC, proteína, fósforo, potasio, calcio, magnesio y azufre a 30, 45 y 65 días. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar en parcelas divididas con seis repeticiones. Los resultados se compararon con un test de Tukey al 5 %, se realizaron correlaciones (Pearson) y regresiones lineales para determinar el efecto del ICC con los nutrientes. Los contenidos de ICC, proteína, fósforo, potasio, calcio, magnesio y azufre presentaron diferencias estadísticas (p < 0,05) para los factores arbustos forrajeros e intervalos de corte, y su interacción. Leucaena presentó mayores contenidos de ICC en todos los intervalos. Los resultados de proteína fueron mayores en Gliricidia (30 días), Leucaena (45 días) y Moringa (60 días). Para fósforo los mejores valores se obtuvieron en Morus (30 días) y Moringa (30, 45 y 60 días). Tithonia alcanzó mayor concentración de potasio y calcio en los tres intervalos de corte, así como para magnesio (30 días). El ICC determinado con medidores de lectura directa permitió correlacionarse con el contenido de proteína y los nutrientes del tejido foliar P, K, Ca, Mg, S.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the nutritional content and chlorophyll index (CCI) of six tree forages, for which CCI, protein, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur were analyzed at 30, 45, and 65 days. A completely randomized block design in divided plots with six replications was used. Results were compared with a 5% Tukey test, correlations (Pearson) and linear regressions were performed to determine the effect of ICC on nutrients. The contents of ICC, protein, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur showed statistical differences (p < 0.05) for the factors forage shrubs, cutting intervals, and intercropping. Leucaena presented higher contents of ICC in all intervals. Protein results were higher in Gliricidia (30 days), Leucaena (45 days), and Moringa (60 days). For phosphorus, the best values were obtained in Morus (30 days) and Moringa (30, 45, and 60 days). Tithonia reached higher potassium and calcium concentrations in the three cutting intervals, as well as for magnesium (30 days). The ICC determined with direct reading meters allowed correlation with protein content and leaf tissue nutrients P, K, Ca, Mg, S.

Abstract In Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy, there is an assumed common sense associated with the use of "earth colour" in constructions. For this reason, we propose to explore -through ethnographic tools- the way in which this idea was set; we take as the starting point the pictorial creation and its approach to cultural and natural aspects by means of a palette of warm colours. This aesthetic proposal was developed hand in hand with a process of heritage valuation emphasizing historical constructions with a strong presence of adobe. Thus, it is interesting to note how the patrimonialisation process of the region was articulated with tourism growth enhancing the creation of a cultural landscape. According to this framework, adobe’s colour was configured as a condenser of positive meanings and values, to the point of becoming a regulatory criterion in the form of municipal regulations. However, the article proposes to distinguish other current ways of using colour which are derived from the logic of harmony and preservation associated with adobe’s colour. The use of vibrant and contrasting tones with the surrounding environment leads us to think of Quebrada de Humahuaca landscape not as a linear continuum but as a process with continuities, discontinuities and overlaps.

Resumen Existe en la Quebrada de Humahuaca en Jujuy un sentido común asumido asociado al uso del color tierra en las construcciones, por lo que se propone indagar a través de herramientas de la etnografía, el modo en que se constituyó esta idea, partiendo de la creación pictórica y su abordaje de aspectos culturales y naturales, mediante una paleta de colores cálidos. Esta propuesta estética se desarrolló de la mano de un proceso de valoración patrimonial con énfasis en las construcciones históricas y con fuerte presencia del adobe. Resulta de interés observar cómo el proceso de patrimonialización de la región se articuló con el avance del turismo, potenciando la creación de un paisaje cultural. En este marco, el color del adobe se configuró como un condensador de sentidos y valores positivos, al punto de convertirse en criterio de regulación en forma de normativas municipales. Sin embargo, el artículo propone distinguir otros modos respecto al uso del color en la actualidad, que se desprende de las lógicas de armonía y preservación asociado al color del adobe. El uso de tonos vibrantes y contrastantes con el entorno suscita pensar el paisaje de la Quebrada de Humahuaca no como un continuo lineal sino como un proceso con continuidades, discontinuidades y solapamientos.