High-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes are commonly used as an environmental protection liner due to their good chemical and mechanical resistances and low cost. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an essential issue in durability studies for pond applications. This study evaluated a 1.5-mm thick HDPE geomembrane exposed to ultraviolet fluorescent radiation for 8760 h in a laboratory and thermoanalytical and physical analyses were conducted towards the understanding of its performance after exposure. According to the results, although the geomembrane maintained the ductile behavior, it showed a 52.48% final decrease in stress crack resistance (SCR) compared to virgin SCR. Moreover, a considerable antioxidant depletion occurred after 8760 h exposure shown by the Std. OIT (standard oxidative-induction time) results, demonstrating a Std. OIT value decrease of 89.19% compared to the virgin Std. OIT. Such a behavior contributed to the susceptibility of thermal effects in the DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) curves and the losses observed in the SCR values, attesting the geomembrane’s oxidative degradation mechanism occurred and changed the polymer’s structure. Highdensity High density (HDPE cost UV (UV applications 1.5mm 15mm mm 1.5 1 5 876 results 5248 52 48 52.48 (SCR Moreover Std standard oxidativeinduction induction time 8919 89 19 89.19 differential calorimetry values s polymers polymer structure 5mm 15 1. 87 524 4 52.4 891 8 89.1 52. 89.

Groundwater is considered an important source of water aid for human consumption. However, this water can be contaminated by impurities, such contamination spots that might reach the water tables. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of shallow groundwater in Flores neighborhood, located in the municipality of Benevides, within Belém metropolitan region, State of Pará, Brazil. Recommendations described in Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater were followed at the time to determine physical-chemical parameters such as potential hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), apparent color, turbidity, total hardness (TH), ions and trace elements. Multivariate statistical analysis has shown that most predictive water-quality parameters set for human consumption are associated with natural events involving weathering and leaching processes. Nevertheless, parameters of nitrate, phosphate, EC, TDS and pH are also influenced by anthropic conditions in the surroundings, mainly phosphate and nitrate ions. Therefore, it can be concluded that shallow groundwaters in Flores neighborhood are unsuitable for human consumption, making it necessary for municipal public authorities to take action to solve the problem of water shortage in the borough, thus preventing the population from use those shallow groundwaters, as their consumption can bring health problems. However impurities tables Benevides region Pará Brazil physicalchemical physical chemical pH, , (pH) EC (EC) TDS, (TDS) color turbidity TH, TH (TH) elements waterquality processes Nevertheless surroundings Therefore borough problems (pH (EC (TDS (TH

In the present article, the scientific journey that led to the development of the Nernst equation, a cornerstone in modern electrochemistry, is discussed. The paper not only explores historical achievements but also traces the evolution of scientific ideas and highlights the key figures who laid the conceptual and experimental groundwork for the seminal contributions of Nernst to the understanding of electrochemical systems. In this exploration, particular attention is paid to the examination of the first three articles published by Nernst between 1888 and 1889. These essential works marked the inception of the engagement of Nernst with the Leipzig Physical Chemistry circle, comprising the distinguished quartet: van’t Hoff, Arrhenius, Ostwald, and Nernst himself. Furthermore, the present study examines the intricate relationship between the Nernst equation and the four basic laws of Thermodynamics, all in an approach accessible to undergraduate students. A concise review elucidates the interpretation and significance of these foundational thermodynamic principles and explain how they hold the formulation of the Nernst equation. article electrochemistry discussed systems exploration 188 1889 circle quartet vant van t Hoff Arrhenius Ostwald himself Furthermore Thermodynamics students 18 1

The study of atomic spectroscopy has a profound relationship with quantum mechanics and its comprehension. Since Bohr’s success with a theory for the atom, it has been established that spectrum lines originate from transitions between different states. Moreover, the analysis of complex spectra reveals that there are groups of spectral lines that compose what is called a multiplet. To rationalize the multiplet structure, we need models to characterize and label the quantum states. The characterization of the atomic states is a common subject in classes of physical chemistry and inorganic chemistry, and there are basically two approaches to infer and label the energy states: (i) the LS coupling scheme and (ii) the jj coupling scheme. Usually, only the LS coupling is presented, and this ends up omitting its underlying assumptions. Here, we present a survey of both approaches, highlighting their premises and their adequacy towards different groups of the periodic table, ions, and excited states configurations. We show that by using benchmark data together with the Landé interval rule, the appropriate use of the jj coupling to understand the atomic spectra of heavier atoms is easily conveyed. comprehension Bohrs Bohr s atom Moreover structure i (i ii (ii Usually presented assumptions Here table ions configurations rule conveyed

EFFECT OF LIQUID SWINE WASTEWATER DOSES ON PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES IN A CERRADO OXISOL. The addition of organic residues enhances soil and plant organic matter and nutrient content. To gauge the impact of varying liquid swine waste (LSW) levels on soil, we studied changes in a clayey Oxisol’s physical, chemical, and electrochemical traits from the Cerrado. LSW doses (0, 50, 150, 450, 600 m3 ha−1) were applied to the 0-0.20 m layer in a randomized design with three replicates. Post a 30-day incubation at 60% field capacity, the soil underwent mineralogical, physical (clay dispersed in water - CDW), chemical (sodium adsorption ratio - SAR, cation exchange capacity - CEC, base saturation - V%), and electrochemical (pH in H2O and KCl, ApH, point of zero charge - PZC, point of zero salt effect - PZSE, surface electric potential - iµo, and electrical conductivity - EC) analyses. The levels of exchangeable Ca, K, Mg, Na, and available P increased with increasing LSW doses. Increasing LSW doses in the soil led to an increase in EC, but soil salinization was not observed at the highest dose. With the application of LSW doses, there was a decrease in pH, ApH, PZSE, and an increase in CEC, PZC and ψo. Despite the increase in ψo, low clay dispersibility was observed. PHYSICAL OXISOL content (LSW Oxisols Oxisol s Cerrado 0, 0 (0 50 150 450 60 ha−1 ha1 ha 1 00.20 0020 0.20 20 0-0.2 replicates 30day day 30 mineralogical CDW, CDW , CDW) sodium SAR CEC V%, V V% V%) pH HO H O KCl ApH PZSE iµo EC analyses Ca K Mg Na dose ψo ( 5 15 45 6 ha− 00 00.2 002 020 0.2 2 0-0. 3 4 00. 02 0. 0-0 0-

ABSTRACT: This report described the use of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in the diagnosis of two cases of canine malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Both patients presented with lameness in the thoracic limb and no response to previous clinical treatment or trauma history. Physical examination revealed muscular atrophy in one of the thoracic limbs, in both dogs. B-mode axillary ultrasound showed the presence of a predominantly hypoechogenic, heterogeneous, irregular, nonencapsulated nodule with adjacent reactivity, measuring approximately 20.1 mm x 15.4 mm in the first case and 18.3 mm x 10.7 mm in the second. ARFI elastography was performed, showing areas of significant stiffness, with an average shear wave velocity of 4.12 m/s (case 1) and 4.35 m/s (case 2), suggesting malignancy. In both cases, the affected limb was amputated, and the tumors sent for histopathological analysis, which were; subsequently, diagnosed as malignant tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath. The ultrasonographic methods used were essential in the diagnosis and therapeutic conduct. ABSTRACT (ARFI history limbs dogs Bmode B mode hypoechogenic heterogeneous irregular reactivity 201 20 1 20. 154 15 4 15. 183 18 3 18. 107 10 7 10. second performed stiffness 412 12 4.1 ms m s 435 35 4.3 2, 2 , 2) malignancy amputated analysis subsequently conduct 41 4. 43

RESUMO: O objetivo deste relato é descrever o auxílio da elastografia por impulso de força de radiação acústica (ARFI) no diagnóstico de dois casos de tumores malignos da bainha dos nervos periféricos em canídeos. Ambos os pacientes apresentavam claudicação em membro torácico e já haviam sido tratados clinicamente por outros profissionais, sem resposta ao tratamento ou histórico de trauma. Ao exame físico, foi observada atrofia muscular em apenas um dos membros torácicos, nos dois casos. Foi realizado exame ultrassonográfico axilar. Na avaliação modo B, foi observada a presença de estrutura nodular, predominantemente hipoecogênica, heterogênea, irregular, não encapsulada e com reatividade adjacente, medindo aproximadamente 20.1 mm x 15.4 mm no primeiro caso e 18.3 mm x 10.7 mm no segundo caso. Foi realizada elastografia ARFI, demonstrando a presença de áreas de maior rigidez, com velocidade de ondas de cisalhamento média de 4.12 m/s (caso 1) e 4.35 m/s (caso 2), sugerindo malignidade. Em ambos os casos, foi realizada amputação do membro afetado e os nódulos removidos foram encaminhados para análise histopatológica, na qual se obteve o diagnóstico de tumor maligno da bainha de nervo periférico. Os métodos ultrassonográficos realizados nesses casos foram essenciais para o diagnóstico e conduta terapêutica. RESUMO ARFI (ARFI canídeos profissionais trauma físico torácicos axilar B nodular hipoecogênica heterogênea irregular adjacente 201 20 1 20. 154 15 4 15. 183 18 3 18. 107 10 7 10. rigidez 412 12 4.1 ms m s 435 35 4.3 2, 2 , 2) malignidade histopatológica periférico terapêutica 41 4. 43

ABSTRACT: Anatomy teaching has been changing over the years, introducing technological methods especially after the pandemic period. An ongoing debate revolves around whether exclusive reliance on technology for anatomy classes, as opposed to traditional methods and face-to-face instruction, enhances knowledge acquisition. This study analyzed the knowledge perception of students from various semesters throughout the Veterinary Medicine course, comparing students who only had online classes with those who had face-to-face classes in Gross Anatomy of Domestic Animals. For this purpose, a questionnaire was distributed for voluntary and anonymous completion, and the responses were subsequently analyzed statistically. The results indicated that 11.5% of the students who took Anatomy remotely failed to apply the knowledge in other subjects, while no face-to-face learning student reported the same. Most students, both remote and face-to-face groups, remember the subject but review the content frequently. Regarding theoretical knowledge, the online group (80.8%) understood better as the course progressed, compared to 59.6% of the face-to-face group. The connection between Anatomy and other subjects was more highlighted by the face-to-face group (30.8%) compared to the online group (15.4%). Both groups agree that physical contact with anatomical specimens is essential; however, some believe that initial exposure through 3D images or photographs is feasible. We concluded based on this preliminary study that the initial interactions with the Anatomy field should include diversified pedagogical techniques with empathetic communication. The use of modern technological resources are allies in the teaching-learning process. Furthermore, after abstracting the contents, technology alone can effectively maintain and update anatomical knowledge. ABSTRACT years period facetoface face instruction acquisition Animals purpose completion statistically 115 11 5 11.5 same frequently 80.8% 808 80 8 (80.8% progressed 596 59 6 59.6 30.8% 308 30 (30.8% 15.4%. 154 15.4% . 15 4 (15.4%) essential however D feasible communication teachinglearning process Furthermore contents 1 11. 80.8 (80.8 59. 30.8 3 (30.8 15.4 (15.4% 80. (80. 30. (30. 15. (15.4 (80 (30 (15. (8 (3 (15 ( (1

RESUMO: O ensino de anatomia vem se modificando ao longo dos anos, introduzindo métodos tecnológicos, principalmente após o período pandêmico. Questiona-se o uso exclusivo da tecnologia em comparação aos métodos tradicionais de dissecação e aulas teóricas presenciais no que diz respeito à aquisição de conhecimento. Este artigo analisou a percepção de conhecimento de alunos de diversos semestres do curso de Medicina Veterinária, comparando alunos que tiveram aulas apenas online com aqueles que tiveram aulas presenciais de Anatomia Descritiva dos Animais Domésticos. Para tanto, questões foram enviadas por meio de formulário, com preenchimento voluntário e anônimo, e posteriormente analisadas estatisticamente. Os resultados indicam que 11,5% dos alunos que cursaram a disciplina remotamente falharam na aplicação dos conhecimentos em outras disciplinas, enquanto nenhum aluno do ensino presencial relatou o mesmo. A maioria dos alunos, tanto dos grupos remotos quanto dos presenciais, lembram-se do assunto, mas revisam o conteúdo com frequência. Em relação ao conhecimento teórico, o grupo online (80,8%) compreendeu melhor à medida que o curso avançava, comparado a 59,6% do grupo presencial. A ligação entre Anatomia e outras disciplinas foi mais destacada pelo grupo presencial (30,8%) em comparação ao online (15,4%). Ambos os grupos concordam que o contacto físico com peças anatômicas é essencial, mas alguns consideram possível ter um primeiro contacto com imagens ou fotografias 3D. Baseado nesse estudo preliminar, conclui-se que as interações iniciais com a área de Anatomia devem incluir técnicas pedagógicas diversificadas com comunicação empática. A utilização de recursos tecnológicos modernos é um aliado do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, e após a abstração dos conteúdos é possível o uso singular da tecnologia na manutenção e atualização do conhecimento anatômico. RESUMO anos pandêmico Questionase Questiona Veterinária Domésticos formulário anônimo estatisticamente 115 11 5 11,5 mesmo lembramse lembram assunto frequência teórico 80,8% 808 80 8 (80,8% avançava 596 59 6 59,6 30,8% 308 30 (30,8% 15,4%. 154 15,4% . 15 4 (15,4%) essencial 3D D preliminar concluise conclui empática ensinoaprendizagem, ensinoaprendizagem aprendizagem, aprendizagem ensino-aprendizagem anatômico 1 11, 80,8 (80,8 59, 30,8 3 (30,8 15,4 (15,4% 80, (80, 30, (30, 15, (15,4 (80 (30 (15, (8 (3 (15 ( (1

Microparticulated whey protein can be used as a fat substitute in foods to enhance their nutritional value and improve their sensory and rheological characteristics. Microparticulation denatures whey proteins through heat treatment, followed by shear rate control to determine the aggregate sizes formed. The processing method used during microparticulation can modify the protein denaturation rate, which may enable the application of new proteins. This study sought to develop a methodology for quantifying whey protein fractions in commercial samples before and after microparticulation at different concentrations and physical states. The developed methodology proved to be applicable because of its selectivity, quantification, detection limits, and precision. The analyzed samples exhibited a higher denaturation rate for β-lactoglobulin than α-lactoalbumin; the denaturation rate varied among samples due to differences in the microparticulation process. characteristics treatment formed states selectivity quantification limits precision βlactoglobulin β lactoglobulin αlactoalbumin α lactoalbumin α-lactoalbumin process

Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los cambios en la dinámica residencial y comercial de un barrio del sur de Belo Horizonte. Utilizando el registro del Impuesto sobre Bienes Urbanos y Territoriales y el registro del Impuesto sobre Transmisiones Inmobiliarias, fue posible, no sólo identificar y mapear las nuevas propiedades residenciales y comerciales construidas en el barrio en la última década, sino delinear el perfil de sus nuevas residentes y consumidores. Se tiene en cuenta el concepto de gentrificación como un proceso de sustitución de una clase social de menor estatus por otra de mayor estatus, para examinar los resultados encontrados. Los datos apuntan a un proceso de cambio físico, marcado por la mayor oferta de edificios con alto nivel de acabado y alto valor, dirigidos a un grupo social de mayor estatus que los residentes anteriores. El principal actor detrás de estos cambios es el mercado inmobiliario. Resumen Horizonte Inmobiliarias posible década consumidores encontrados físico valor anteriores inmobiliario

Abstract: This article aims to analyze changes in the residential and commercial dynamics of a neighborhood in the south of Belo Horizonte. Using the Urban Property and Territorial Property Tax register and the Real Estate Transfer Tax register, it was possible, not only to identify and map the new residential and commercial properties built in the neighborhood in the last decade, but to outline the profile of its new residents and consumers. The concept of gentrification is taken into account as a process of replacing a social class with a lower status by another with a higher status, to examine the results found. The data point to a process of physical change, marked by the greater supply of buildings with a high standard of finishing and high value, aimed at a social group with a higher status than the previous residents. The main actor behind these changes is the real estate market. Abstract Horizonte possible decade consumers found change value market

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as mudanças nas dinâmicas residenciais e comerciais de um bairro da Zona Sul de Belo Horizonte. Utilizando o cadastro do Imposto sobre a Propriedade Predial e Territorial Urbana e o cadastro do Imposto sobre a Transmissão de Bens Imóveis, foi possível, não apenas identificar e mapear os novos imóveis residenciais e comerciais construídos no bairro na última década, mas esboçar o perfil de seus novos moradores e consumidores. Leva-se em conta o conceito de gentrificação enquanto um processo de substituição de uma classe social com status inferior por outra com status superior, para examinar os resultados encontrados. Os dados apontam para um processo de mudança física, marcada pela maior oferta de edifícios com alto padrão de acabamento e alto valor, voltados para um grupo social com status superior ao dos antigos moradores. Tais mudanças têm como principal ator o mercado imobiliário. Resumo Horizonte Imóveis possível década consumidores Levase Leva se encontrados física valor imobiliário

Resumen: Las Reservas Ecológicas, son la base primordial para la subsistencia de la biodiversidad, desempeñan funciones cruciales para el mantenimiento de los ecosistemas, especialmente, en la preservación de los servicios ecosistémicos de regulación del clima y suministro de agua. Determinar la capacidad de acumulación del COS en tres ecosistemas de la Reserva Ecológica Arenillas (REAR) y la influencia que tienen con los factores de profundidad y el tipo de suelo, fue el objetivo de la investigación. Se partió de la hipótesis que dichos factores ejercen un efecto sobre las propiedades físicas-químicas del suelo, provocando la variabilidad del carbono. Se establecieron 14 unidades de muestreo para los tres ecosistemas; 1) Intervenido, 2) Bosque deciduo y 3) Bosque arbustal deciduo, se extrajo de cada unidad dos muestras de suelo a profundidades de (0-10 y 10-30 cm), dando un total de 28 muestras. Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas entre los tres tipos de ecosistemas, permitiendo afirmar que, en la REAR, el contenido de COS es mayor en el ecosistema de Bosque deciduo, que en los denominados Bosque arbustal deciduo y la zona Intervenida. Así mismo, los suelos del tipo Alfisol y Entisol en el Bosque deciduo presentaron la mayor capacidad de almacenamiento de COS, siendo la capa superficial la de mayor acumulación en los tres ecosistemas. Se concluyó que las bajas precipitaciones, el aumento de la temperatura y la esporádica vegetación producida por actividades antrópicas, afectan el almacenamiento de COS, limitando la prestación de servicios ecosistémicos relacionados con la captura de carbono edáfico.

Abstract: Ecological Reserves are the primary basis for the subsistence of biodiversity, they play crucial roles in the maintenance of ecosystems, especially in the preservation of ecosystem services of climate regulation and water supply. The objective of the research was to determine the accumulation capacity of COS in three ecosystems of the Arenillas Ecological Reserve (REAR) and the influence of depth factors and soil type. It was hypothesized that these factors exert an effect on the physical-chemical properties of the soil, causing carbon variability. Fourteen sampling units were established for the three ecosystems; 1) Intervened, 2) Deciduous Forest and 3) Deciduous shrub forest, two soil samples were extracted from each unit at depths of (0-10 and 10-30 cm), giving a total of 28 samples. The results revealed significant differences between the three types of ecosystems, allowing us to affirm that, in the REAR, the COS content is higher in the deciduous forest ecosystem than in the deciduous shrub forest and the Intermediate zone. Likewise, Alfisol and Entisol soils in the deciduous forest had the highest COS storage capacity, being the surface layer the one with the highest accumulation in the three ecosystems. It was concluded that low precipitation, increased temperature and sporadic vegetation produced by anthropic activities affect COS storage, limiting the provision of ecosystem services related to soil carbon sequestration.

Resumen El Valle de Comayagua en Honduras, ubicado en las coordenadas 14˚38’44.73” N y 87˚38’04.90” O, destaca por su altitud de 630 metros sobre el nivel del mar y su extensión de 52 km de largo por 15 km de ancho, abarcando 535 km². Carece de estudios que aborden su unidad territorial y geomorfológica. La investigación busca identificar y analizar la forma y elementos físicos naturales mediante el uso de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, trazando ríos, elaborando modelos de elevación digital y creando perfiles topográficos. Los resultados revelan elementos clave para comprender la ocupación y uso del territorio.

Resumo O Vale de Comayagua em Honduras, localizado nas coordenadas 14˚38’44.73” N e 87˚38’04.90” O, destaca-se por sua altitude de 630 metros acima do nível do mar e sua extensão de 52 km de comprimento por 15 km de largura, abrangendo 535 km². Carece de estudos que abordem sua unidade territorial e geomorfológica. A pesquisa busca identificar e analisar a forma e os elementos físicos naturais por meio do uso de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, traçando rios, elaborando modelos de elevação digital e criando perfis topográficos. Os resultados revelam elementos-chave para compreender a ocupação e o uso do território.

Abstract The Comayagua Valley in Honduras, located at coordinates 14˚38’44.73” N and 87˚38’04.90” W, stands out for its altitude of 630 meters above sea level and its dimensions of 52 km in length by 15 km in width, covering an area of 535 km². Despite its economic and connectivity importance, there is a lack of studies addressing its territorial and geomorphological unity and a characterization of its current territorial morphology. The objective of the research is to identify and analyze the shape and natural physical elements that define the Comayagua Valley. To achieve this, Geographic Information Systems tools were used to analyze river layouts, create a digital elevation model, and generate topographic profiles. The main results of this analysis reveal the natural physical elements that shape the valley, which are of vital geo-historical importance for understanding the processes of occupation and land use in the valley.

Abstract Sisal (Agave sisalana) is a plant exploited in semi-arid regions of Brazil for fiber production, but the floral scape of sisal (peduncle) is collected and often burned, causing environmental problems, even through irregular disposal. To circumvent this scenario, the objective of this work was to produce reconstituted panels using the sisal arrow and castor-based polyurethane resin. The panels were obtained using 175 g of crushed sisal arrow core with dimensions smaller than 2 mm and adopting 10% castor-based polyurethane resin and The samples were pressed under tension of 2 MPa. The properties of reconstituted panel were evaluated through NBR 14810-1 (ABNT, 2013) and NBR 14810-2 (ABNT, 2018), the physical properties were investigated: moisture, density, thickness swelling and absorption; as well as mechanical properties: MOR, MOE, internal bond and parallel compression. The found results show that the panel is classified as low density (419.8 kg/m³), and with physical and mechanical properties similars to other panels of the same classification in the literature. For average values of MOR and MOE it was found 5.24 MPa and 147.49 MPa, respectively. For internal bonding it was found 0.14 MPa and for parallel compression properties it was found 1.14 MPa. Agave sisalana semiarid semi arid production peduncle (peduncle burned problems disposal scenario castorbased castor based 17 10 148101 14810 1 14810- ABNT, ABNT (ABNT 2013 148102 2018, 2018 , 2018) investigated moisture absorption 419.8 4198 419 8 (419. kg/m³, kgm³ kgm kg/m³ kg m³ m kg/m³) literature 524 5 24 5.2 14749 147 49 147.4 respectively 014 0 14 0.1 114 1.1 1481 201 419. 41 (419 kg/m 52 5. 1474 4 147. 01 0. 11 1. 148 20 (41 (4 (

Resumo O sisal (Agave sisalana) é uma planta explorada nas regiões semiáridas do Brasil para produção de fibras, mas o escapo floral do sisal (flecha) é coletado e frequentemente queimado causando problemas ambientais, até mesmo pelo descarte irregular. Para contornar este cenário, o objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir painéis reconstituídos usando a flecha do sisal e resina poliuretana à base de mamona. Os painéis foram obtidos empregando 175 g do miolo da flecha de sisal triturada com dimensões inferiores a 2 mm e adotando 10% de resina poliuretana à base de mamona e as amostras foram prensadas com tensão de 2 MPa. Avaliou-se no painel reconstituído, através da NBR 14810-1 (ABNT, 2013) e NBR 14810-2 (ABNT, 2018) as propriedades físicas: umidade, densidade, inchamento e absorção; bem como as propriedades mecânicas: MOR, MOE, força de ligação e compressão paralela. Os resultados encontrados mostram que o painel é classificado como de baixa densidade (419,8 kg/m³), e de propriedades físicas e mecânicas semelhantes a outros painéis de mesma classificação da literatura. Para MOR e MOE foram encontrados 5,24 MPa e 147,49 MPa de média, respectivamente. Já os ensaios de tração perpendicular e compressão paralela obtiveram resultados de 0,14 MPa e 1,14 MPa, respectivamente. Agave sisalana fibras (flecha ambientais irregular cenário 17 10 Avaliouse Avaliou se reconstituído 148101 14810 1 14810- ABNT, ABNT (ABNT 2013 148102 2018 umidade absorção 419,8 4198 419 8 (419, kg/m³, kgm³ kgm kg/m³ , kg m³ m kg/m³) literatura 524 5 24 5,2 14749 147 49 147,4 média respectivamente 014 0 14 0,1 114 1,1 1481 201 419, 41 (419 kg/m 52 5, 1474 4 147, 01 0, 11 1, 148 20 (41 (4 (

Abstract The improper disposal of this waste poses environmental challenges, which can be addressed through effective reuse strategies. This study aims to explore the potential of utilizing marine shell waste as partial substitutes for aggregates in concrete. The research involves investigating the physical characteristics of the recycled aggregate using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques to elucidate the contact surface with the paste. Additionally, chemical and mineralogical characteristics are analyzed through X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction tests. The compressive strength test is conducted on concrete samples to assess the performance of these materials as both aggregate (shell type A) and filler (shell type B). The findings indicate that replacing up to 20% of marine shells as coarse aggregate and 10% as filler demonstrates feasibility for applications in structural concrete. Furthermore, up to 30% replacement can be directed towards non-structural concrete, providing a comprehensive understanding of the potential applications of marine shell residues in concrete production. challenges strategies AFM (AFM SEM (SEM paste Additionally Xray X ray tests A B. B . B) 20 10 Furthermore 30 nonstructural non production 2 1 3

Resumo As atividades de mariscagem e malacocultura produzem uma grande quantidade de resíduos sólidos compostos por conchas marinhas. O impacto ambiental do descarte inadequado pode ser atenuado com estratégias de reaproveitamento. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a viabilidade do uso de resíduo de conchas marinhas com substituintes parciais de agregados no concreto. As características físicas do agregado reciclado foram investigadas através das técnicas de Microscopia de Força Atômica (MFA) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) a fim de esclarecer aspectos da superfície de contato com a pasta; as características químicas e mineralógicas foram investigadas por meio dos ensaios de fluorescência de raios-X e difração de raios-X; e o ensaio de resistência à compressão foi conduzido em amostras de concreto foram moldadas para avaliação do comportamento destes materiais do comportamento destes materiais como agregado (concha tipo A) e fíler (concha tipo B). Concluiu-se que o uso de até 20% de substituição de concha marinha como agregado graúdo e 10% como filer mostrou viabilidade para aplicações em concretos estruturais e, de forma complementar, teores de até 30% podem ser direcionados à concretos não estruturais. reaproveitamento MFA (MFA MEV (MEV pasta raiosX raios X A B. B . B) Concluiuse Concluiu se 20 10 complementar 30 2 1 3

Abstract The use of supplementary cementitious materials to replace Portland clinker is one of the most effective strategies adopted by cement companies to reduce CO 2 emission on large-scale. However, due to the limited availability of traditional materials, alternative options are being investigated. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the characteristics and effect of different replacement levels of cement by dregs and grits on compressive strength. The wastes were ground and particles smaller than 75 µm were used. Chemical and physical were performed to characterize the dregs and grits. For both wastes, replacement levels of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30% of cement mass were evaluated in the mortar production. The water-cement ratio and superplasticizer admixture content were kept constant. In fresh state, the consistency index and incorporated air content were obtained. Mortars made with dregs had higher strength compared to grits due to the higher combined water content. The results showed that it is possible to replace up to 36% of cement with dregs to obtain a strength of 25 MPa; and 15% for 40 MPa. largescale. largescale large scale. scale large-scale However investigated 7 used 0 5 10 30 production watercement constant state obtained 36 MPa 15 4 1 3

Resumo Ouso de adições minerais em substituição ao clínquer Portland é uma das medidas mitigadoras de emissão de CO2, mais promissoras em larga escala, adotadas pelas cimenteiras. Dada a limitação de disponibilidade de algumas, materiais alternativos vêm sendo investigados. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar e avaliar o efeito de diferentes teores de dregs e grits em substituição parcial ao cimento na resistência à compressão. Os resíduos foram submetidos à moagem, utilizando-se partículas inferiores a 75 µm. Foram realizados ensaios para caracterização química e física dos dregs e grits. Para ambos os resíduos, foram analisados os teores de 0, 5, 10, 20 e 30% em substituição à massa de cimento na produção de argamassas. A relação água/finos e o teor de aditivo superplastificante foram mantidos constantes. No estado fresco, foram avaliados o índice de consistência e o teor de ar incorporado. As argamassas com dregs proporcionaram maior resistência em relação às com grits devido ao maior teor de água combinada. Os resultados mostraram que é possível substituir até 36% do cimento por esse resíduo para obtenção de resistência à compressão de 25 MPa e 15% para 40 MPa. CO2 CO escala cimenteiras algumas investigados moagem utilizandose utilizando se 7 µm 0 5 10 2 30 águafinos finos constantes fresco incorporado combinada 36 15 4 1 3

Abstract The objective of this study is to characterize the industrial solid waste generated by a geopolymeric composites precast industry in Goiás and use them in the production of mortar, in partial replacement of cement in the contents of 5%, 10%, 15% and 25%, due to its probable pozzolanic effect. For the research the residue underwent crushing in a hammer mill and sieving in a #40 mesh conducted in the industry itself. Then, physical-chemical analyzes were conducted to verify if the residue meets the parameters established by NBR 12653 (ABNT, 2014) Pozzolanic Materials - Requirements. The residue showed potential to be used as pozzolana, as in the particle size analysis only 19% was retained on sieve #325 and the moisture content also met the parameters of the aforementioned standard. However, the fire loss content and the alkali content available in ���� 2 �� were higher than the standard requirements, because the residue contains tire shavings and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in its composition. In relation to the performance index with Portland cement at 28 days, the mortar with 5% residue in its composition met the standard conditions, but the performance with lime did not obtain the desired result, as the resistance decreased. After analysis, it has been realized that the residue does not qualify as pozzolan but can be used as a filler. 5 10 10% 15 25 25% effect 40 #4 itself Then physicalchemical physical chemical 1265 ABNT, ABNT (ABNT 2014 Requirements pozzolana 19 325 #32 However ��� � requirements NaOH (NaOH days conditions result decreased filler 1 4 # 126 201 32 #3 12 20 3

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar os resíduos sólidos industriais gerados por uma indústria goiana de pré-moldados de compósitos geopoliméricos e utilizá-los na produção de argamassa, em substituição parcial ao cimento nos teores de 5%, 10%, 15% e 25%, devido ao seu provável efeito pozolânico. Para a pesquisa o resíduo passou por trituração em moinho martelo e peneiramento em malha #40 realizados na própria indústria. Em seguida, foram realizadas análises físico-químicas para verificar se o resíduo atende aos parâmetros estabelecidos pela NBR 12653 (ABNT, 2014b) Materiais Pozolânicos - Requisitos. O resíduo apresentou potencial para ser utilizado como pozolana, pois na análise granulométrica apenas 19% ficaram retidos na peneira #325 e o teor de umidade também atendeu aos parâmetros da referida norma. No entanto o teor de perda ao fogo e o teor de álcalis disponíveis em Na 2 �� foram maiores do que os requisitos da norma, devido ao fato de o resíduo possuir em sua composição, raspas de pneu e hidróxido de sódio (NaOH). Em relação ao índice de desempenho com cimento Portland aos 28 dias, a argamassa que possui em sua composição 5% de resíduo atendeu as condições da norma, mas o desempenho com cal não obteve o resultado desejado, pois a resistência diminuiu. Após análise, percebeu-se que o resíduo não se enquadra como pozolana, mas pode ser usado como enchimento. prémoldados pré moldados utilizálos utilizá los 5 10 10% 15 25 25% pozolânico 40 #4 seguida físicoquímicas físico químicas 1265 ABNT, ABNT (ABNT 2014b b Requisitos pozolana 19 325 #32 norma � NaOH. NaOH . (NaOH) dias desejado diminuiu percebeuse percebeu enchimento 1 4 # 126 32 #3 (NaOH 12 3