Abstract. This paper offers a systematic and doxographical reconstruction of the phenomena of delay and lateness in Martin Heidegger’s thought between 1919 and 1930. In the first section, we trace the ambiguities that permeate the nominalization and formalization of delay in order to thematize immediately after the disruptive structure of four modes of delay understood as constitutive within Heidegger’s early work. We account for the way in which delay carries an illuminating potential that phenomenologically ensures the evidencing of the constituent dimension. In the second section, we descend to the immanent transformations of Heidegger’s philosophy in order to account for two possibilities of philosophy’s self-understanding on the basis of delay and lateness, precisely from two modes of relation with the constituent dimension of the appearing: on the one hand, a mode marked by crepuscular lateness, and on the other hand, an executive mode based on auroral delay.

Resumen. El presente artículo tiene por fin ofrecer una reconstrucción sistemático-doxográfica de los fenómenos de la demora y de la tardanza en el pensamiento de Martin Heidegger entre 1919 y 1930. En la primera sección de este escrito rastrearemos las ambigüedades que penetran en la nominalización y formalización de la demora, para inmediatamente tematizar la estructura disruptiva de cuatro modos de la demora entendida a título constituyente dentro de la obra temprana de Heidegger. Lo que nos interesará es dar cuenta del modo en que la demora porta un potencial desocultante que asegura fenomenológicamente la evidenciación de la dimensión constituyente. En la segunda sección del ensayo, bajaremos a las transformaciones inmanentes de la filosofía de Heidegger para dar cuenta de dos posibilidades de la auto-comprensión de la filosofía a partir de la demora y de la tardanza, precisamente desde dos modos de relación con la dimensión constituyente del aparecer. Por una parte, un modo marcado por la tardanza crepuscular, y por otra parte, un modo ejecutivo basado en la demora auroral.

Abstract This article discusses the experience of migration through the concept of “migrancia”, thus making it possible to articulate the complex and diffuse category of “experience” in migration analysis. Without a viable concept in Spanish to explicitly reference the experiential repertoire of migration, I propose a new interpretation of the English concept of “migrancy”, through a reflexive conceptual deconstruction, revisited as “migrancia”. To arrive at this, I discuss major phenomenological arguments and the implications of thinking and working from “experience” in migratory contexts in order to highlight the formative role of experiences in migratory processes. In this, I highlight the importance of “de-migrantizing” migration analysis and its importance of articulating experience from a “third way”, that is, hetero-phenomenologically. Next, I address the importance of “thinking through the body”, from feminist epistemic and methodological points of view, in order to corporealize the migratory analysis and thus revisit the concrete of “migrancy” and then introduce “migrancy” as a concept that encompasses the phenomenology, embodied, of migratory experiences. Taking the field of Mexico-US migration as a reference, I frame “migrancy” from a feminist phenomenological perspective that allows not only to return agency to migrant bodies, but to bring phenomenology to migration analysis. Finally, I argue that working with “migrancy” is fundamental to understanding migratory phenomena and promises to make a valuable contribution to the analysis and ways of describing and narrating migratory processes.

Resumen Este artículo trabaja la experiencia de la migración bajo el concepto de migrancia, posibilitando así articular la compleja y difusa categoría de “la experiencia” en los análisis migratorios. Sin un concepto viable en español para referenciar explícitamente el repertorio experiencial de la migración, propongo una nueva interpretación del concepto inglés de “migrancy”, a través de una deconstrucción reflexiva conceptual, revisitada como “migrancia”. Para llegar a esto, discuto grandes argumentos fenomenológicos y las implicaciones de pensar y trabajar desde “la experiencia” en contextos migratorios para así resaltar el papel formativo que tiene las experiencias en los procesos migratorios. Para esto, resalto la importancia de “desmigrantizar” el análisis migratorio y su importancia de articular la experiencia desde una “tercera vía”, es decir, heterofenomenológicamente. A continuación, abordo la importancia de “pensar a través del cuerpo”, desde apuntes epistémicos y metodológicos feministas, para corporeizar el análisis migratorio y así revisitar el concreto de “migrancy” para entonces introducir “migrancia”, como un concepto que abarca la fenomenología, corporeizada, de las experiencias migratorias. Tomando como referencia el campo de la migración México-Estados Unidos, enmarco “migrancia” desde una perspectiva fenomenológica feminista que permite no solamente devolver la agencia a los cuerpos migrantes, sino llevar la fenomenología al análisis migratorio. Por último, argumento que trabajar “migrancia” es fundamental para entender fenómenos migratorios y promete hacer una valiosa contribución al análisis y formas de describir y narrar los procesos migratorios.

ABSTRACT Psychotherapists draw on various theoretical approaches to address the mental health issues with which they work. However, this poses at least two problems: that what is called ‘mind’ is not a homogeneous, clear, and explicit construct in each current and that each conception of ‘the mental’ implies a particular episteme of such phenomena. This article seeks to address such problems; therefore, it aims to delimit and epistemologically analyze the tacit construct of mind present in the fundamental psychotherapeutic currents. Through an exploratory-descriptive qualitative approach, a hermeneutical-analogical analysis is carried out in which the mental construct of each current is delimited and then analyzed under the eaves of a series of epistemological paradigms. The conception of the mind is heterogeneous and presents various epistemological assumptions associated with each current: psychodynamic (rationalism/phenomenology), cognitive-behavioral (empiricism/positivism -rationalism/constructiveness), humanistic (critical theory/constructiveness), and systemic (constructive/rationalism). The mind construct is not transversal or objective, but relative to each psychotherapeutic current, with particular and diverse epistemological assumptions that condition the way in which mental phenomena are known. Finally, we reflect on the implications of the results in psychotherapeutic praxis.

RESUMEN Los psicoterapeutas se nutren de diversas aproximaciones teóricas para abordar los asuntos de salud mental con los que trabajan. Sin embargo, esto supone al menos dos problemas: que aquello llamado ‘mente’ no es un constructo homogéneo, claro y explícito en cada corriente y que cada concepción de ‘lo mental’ implica una episteme particular de los fenómenos de tal índole. Este artículo busca abordar tales problemas, por tanto, su objetivo es delimitar y analizar epistemológicamente el constructo tácito de mente presente en las corrientes psicoterapéuticas fundamentales. Mediante una aproximación cualitativa exploratorio-descriptiva se realiza un análisis hermenéutico-analógico en el que se delimita el constructo mente de cada corriente para luego analizarlo en torno a una serie de paradigmas epistemológicos. La concepción de la mente es heterogénea y presenta supuestos epistemológicos diversos asociados a cada corriente: psicodinámica (racionalismo/fenomenología), cognitivo-conductual (empirismo/positivismo-racionalismo/constructividad), humanista (teoría crítica/constructividad) y sistémica (constructividad/racionalismo). El constructo mente no es transversal ni objetivo, sino relativo a cada corriente psicoterapéutica, contando con supuestos epistemológicos particulares y diversos que condicionan la manera en la que se conocen los fenómenos mentales. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre las implicancias de los resultados en la praxis psicoterapéutica.

Abstract These reflections intend to explore the limits of theoretical criticism and establish a minimum agreement about the theoretical frameworks involved in a discussion. It takes care of something here called Understanding Disagreements. As a general objective, it is proposed to investigate how a theoretical critique should be formulated and what are the limits of this formulation. In terms of the research problem, clarify what is essential for a critique to be considered coherent, as well as what can make it incoherent. The hypothesis: theoretical discussions sometimes despise the very content they aim to examine and lack the rigor that practice demands. As for the “method”, it uses hermeneutical phenomenology. For all these reasons, the reflections presented here are justified as an effort to remove the layers of meanings coagulated by legal dogmatics. discussion Disagreements objective formulation problem coherent incoherent hypothesis demands method, method , “method” phenomenology reasons dogmatics “method

Resumo Estas reflexões pretendem explorar os limites da crítica teórica e estabelecer um acordo mínimo acerca dos marcos teóricos envolvidos em uma discussão. Cuida-se de algo aqui denominado Desacordos Compreensivos. Enquanto objetivo geral, propõe-se investigar como uma crítica teórica deve(ria) ser formulada e quais são os limites dessa formulação. Já em se tratando do problema de pesquisa, esclarecer o que se apresenta como indispensável para que uma crítica possa ser considerada coerente como também o que pode fazê-la ser incoerente. A hipótese é a de que discussões teóricas, por vezes, desprezam o próprio conteúdo que visam examinar e faltam com o rigor que a prática exige. Quanto ao “método”, se vale da fenomenologia hermenêutica. Por tudo isso, as reflexões aqui apresentadas se justificam enquanto um esforço de retirada das camadas de sentidos coagulados pela dogmática jurídica. discussão Cuidase Cuida Compreensivos geral propõese propõe deveria deve ria deve(ria formulação pesquisa fazêla fazê la incoerente teóricas vezes exige método, método , “método” hermenêutica isso jurídica “método

Abstract This essay focuses on how the late compositions of Federico Moura (1951-1988), leader of the Argentine band Virus, offer a way of dealing productively with a context of existential precariousness. To carry out the analysis, the contributions of Mario Rodríguez «Silo» (1938-2010) on imagination as an ethical and aesthetic potency in conjunction with the consciousness of image of Edmund Husserl's (1859-1938) phenomenology will be important. In the first part, through the description of both Husserlian consciousness of image and Siloist psychology of image, it will be seen how imagination is configured as a potent way for the (trans)formation of reality. Next, and based on the previous description, the production of Virus since 1985 will be analyzed, with special emphasis on the band's last album, Superficies de placer (1987), which shows the late poetic-musical aesthetics of Federico Moura.

Resumen El presente ensayo se enfoca en cómo las composiciones tardías de Federico Moura (1951-1988), líder de la banda argentina Virus, ofrecen una forma de lidiar productivamente con un contexto de precariedad existencial. Para llevar a cabo el análisis, serán importantes, por un lado, las propuestas de Mario Rodríguez «Silo» (1938-2010) sobre la imaginación como potencia ético-estética y, por otro lado, la conciencia de imagen de la fenomenología de Edmund Husserl (1859-1938). En la primera parte, a través de la descripción tanto de la conciencia de la imagen husserliana como de la psicología de la imagen siloísta, se verá cómo la imaginación se configura como una potente vía para la (trans)formación de la realidad. A continuación, y a la luz de la descripción previa, se analizará la producción de Virus desde 1985 haciendo especial énfasis en el último álbum de la banda, Superficies de placer (1987), que muestra la estética poético-musical tardía de Federico Moura.

Abstract. This article addresses the relevance of intersectionality as a conceptual tool for analyzing the experience of students who were admitted to higher education institutions via an affirmative action. Affirmative action policies are usually justified though the following arguments: the need to address the remnants of colonialism and slavery, the positive effects they have in terms of diversity and inclusion in universities, and their impact in the consolidation of social justice in terms of access to higher education. However, it is important to acknowledge that these policies recognize a single identity marker, therefore they do not take into consideration the interplay and interconnection of different socially constructed identities. The argument proposed in this article is that an intersectional phenomenological approach is useful for capturing the complexities of essentialized identity stereotypes, and for the deconstruction of neutral and decontextualized interpretations of positive discrimination. In this sense, intersectionality problematizes the empirical dimension of student experience by underscoring the different scales of oppression that produce and reify educational inequalities.

Resumen. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la pertinencia de la interseccionalidad como herramienta teórico-metodológica para el análisis de la experiencia de estudiantes indígenas beneficiarios de programas de acción afirmativa en educación superior. Los encuadres a partir de los cuales se justifica la implementación de políticas de discriminación positiva suelen hacer referencia a la necesaria reparación de los vestigios históricos del colonialismo y la esclavitud, a sus efectos positivos en la diversidad de la matrícula en instituciones de educación superior y a su potencial como mecanismo para promover la justicia social en los espacios educativos. Sin embargo, dichas políticas suelen operar con base en el reconocimiento de una sola categoría socialmente construida de diferencia, que desdibuja la consustancialidad de las múltiples identidades de los sujetos. Por esta razón, se argumenta que el enfoque fenomenológico de la interseccionalidad permite desmontar los estereotipos esencializados y esencializantes de los marcadores identitarios de las personas beneficiarias. Además, favorece la deconstrucción de las concepciones neutrales y descontextualizadas de la discriminación positiva. La incorporación de la interseccionalidad al estudio de la experiencia estudiantil complejiza la dimensión empírica de distintas escalas de opresión que contribuyen a la producción y reificación de desigualdades educativas.

Resumen Antes de incorporarse al Institut für Sozialforschung, encabezado por Horkheimer y Adorno, el joven Herbert Marcuse propuso la idea de una fenomenología dialéctica, un diálogo entre el pensamiento de Marx y de Heidegger, elaborado entre 1928 y 1933, en el marco de su habilitación docente. Pero, con su posterior adhesión al naciente programa de teoría crítica, tal propuesta fue abandonada y ensombrecida por la obra posterior de su autor. El presente artículo busca, en primer lugar, mostrar en qué consistía tal fenomenología dialéctica (apropiación de Heidegger), con el objetivo de evaluar si ésta aún puede abonar al desarrollo de los estudios fenomenológicos. En segunda instancia, se indagan las razones filosóficas por las cuales dicho proyecto quedó suspendido (crítica de Heidegger). A partir de los resultados, se proponen algunas líneas de investigación que apuntan a la posibilidad de una reelaboración contemporánea de la fenomenología dialéctica.

Abstract Before joining the Institut für Sozialforschung, headed by Horkheimer and Adorno, the young Herbert Marcuse proposed the idea of dialectical phenomenology, a dialogue between the thought of Marx and Heidegger, elaborated between 1928 and 1933, within the framework of his Habilitation. But, with his subsequent adherence to the nascent program of critical theory, such proposal was abandoned and overshadowed by the later work of its author. This article seeks to show what such dialectical phenomenology consisted of (Heidegger’s appropriation), to evaluate whether it can still contribute to the development of phenomenological studies. Secondly, it searches the philosophical reasons for which such project was suspended (Heidegger’s critique). Based on the results, some lines of research are proposed that point to the possibility of a contemporary reworking of dialectical phenomenology.

Resumen Ortega y Gasset afirmó que “la fenomenología no fue una filosofía para nosotros: fue... una buena suerte”. Esto se debió a que, a través de ella, pudo encontrar una salida del neokantismo. En consecuencia, Ortega entenderá que la fenomenología busca salvar la racionalidad sin ignorar la experiencia, es decir, sin olvidar, que todo sucede en la vida de cada individuo. Sin embargo, desde el principio Ortega se da cuenta de que este individuo no es algo aislado, sino que se forma en relación con el mundo, la circunstancia (“Yo soy yo y mi circunstancia y si no la salvo a ella, no me salvo yo”, dirá hacia 1914) y que la fenomenología debe recuperar el carácter ejecutivo de la vida. El presente ensayo recorrerá desde el encuentro de Ortega con la fenomenología hasta sus intuiciones acerca de la vida como realidad radical.

Abstract Ortega y Gasset had stated that, “phenomenology was not a philosophy for us: it was… a good luck”. This is because through its Ortega was able to find a way out of neo-Kantianism. Consequently, Ortega will understand that phenomenology seeks to save rationality, without ignoring the experience. However, from the beginning Ortega realizes that the individual is not something isolated, but that it is formed in the relation with the world, the circumstance (he will say around 1914, “I am I and my circumstance; and, if I do not save it, I do not save myself”) and that phenomenology must recover the executive character of life. This essay will trace Ortega’s journey from his encounter with phenomenology to his intuitions about life as a radical reality.

Resumen: Las injusticias epistémicas son aquellas formas de trato injusto que se relacionan con la producción, trasmisión o utilización del conocimiento por parte de los sujetos. El encuadre ético-epistémico y socio-epistémico proporcionado por estas injusticias se vincula con temas que atraviesan las principales tradiciones filosóficas como el pragmatismo, la fenomenología y la teoría crítica. Estas injusticias se interrelacionan, además, con movimientos sociales e intelectuales como el feminismo, la teoría crítica de la raza, los estudios críticos de la discapacidad y las epistemologías decolonizadoras. Sin embargo, existe un cuestionamiento a que las personas con discapacidad no han sido suficientemente abordadas. El presente artículo se posiciona en los debates actuales sobre las injusticias epistémicas y la discapacidad, y tiene como propósito aportar el concepto de “injusticias epistémicas normalizadas”. Partiendo de la constatación de las formas en que se reconocen opresivamente los sujetos con discapacidad, como alejados de la “norma”, establece que existen injusticias epistémicas asociadas con esta identificación. Propone que las injusticias epistémicas normalizadas ocurren en la intersección de dos ámbitos: un sistema hermenéutico capacitista y una agencia epistémica restringida en la que se producen al menos tres tipos de configuraciones: no agencia, agencias epistémicas disminuidas y agencias epistémicas en resistencia. Pensar las injusticias epistémicas considerando el peso de la “normalidad” en la constitución como sujetos de las personas con discapacidad permite reconocer una situación crítica de exclusión epistémica para algunas personas, mientras que otras resisten y luchan por ser comprendidas en los recursos hermenéuticos colectivos.

Abstract: Epistemic injustices refer to those forms of unfair treatment that are related to the production, transmission, or use of knowledge by the subjects. The ethical-epistemic and socio-epistemic framework provided by these injustices is linked to themes that cross the main philosophical traditions such as pragmatism, phenomenology, and critical theory. These injustices are further intertwined with social and intellectual movements such as feminism, critical race theory, critical disability studies, and decolonizing epistemologies. However, there is a question that people with disabilities have not been sufficiently addressed. This article is positioned in the current debates on epistemic injustices and disability, and its purpose is to contribute the concept of "normalized epistemic injustices". Starting from the verification of the ways in which subjects with disabilities are oppressively recognized, as far from the "norm", it establishes that there are epistemic injustices associated with this identification. It proposes that normalized epistemic injustices occur at the intersection of two realms: a capacitist hermeneutic system and a constrained epistemic agency where at least three types of configurations are produced: non-agency; diminished epistemic agencies and epistemic agencies in resistance. Thinking about epistemic injustices considering the weight of "normality" in the constitution as subjects of people with disabilities allows us to recognize a critical situation of epistemic exclusion for some people, while others resist and fight to be understood in collective hermeneutical resources.

Resumo: As injustiças epistêmicas referem-se àquelas formas de tratamento injusto que estão relacionadas à produção, transmissão ou uso do conhecimento pelos sujeitos. O enquadramento ético-epistêmico e socioepistêmico proporcionado por essas injustiças está vinculado a temas que atravessam as principais tradições filosóficas como o pragmatismo, a fenomenologia e a teoria crítica. Essas injustiças estão ainda mais entrelaçadas com movimentos sociais e intelectuais como o feminismo, a teoria crítica da raça, os estudos críticos da deficiência e as epistemologias descolonizadoras. No entanto, há uma questão de que as pessoas com deficiência não foram suficientemente abordadas. Este artigo se posiciona nos debates atuais sobre injustiças epistêmicas e deficiência, e seu objetivo é contribuir com o conceito de "injustiças epistêmicas normalizadas". A partir da verificação das formas como os sujeitos com deficiência são opressivamente reconhecidos, como distantes da "norma", constata-se que existem injustiças epistêmicas associadas a essa identificação. Propõe que injustiças epistêmicas normalizadas ocorrem na interseção de dois domínios: um sistema hermenêutico capacitista e uma agência epistêmica restrita onde pelo menos três tipos de configurações são produzidas: não-agência; agências epistêmicas diminuídas e agências epistêmicas em resistência. Pensar as injustiças epistêmicas considerando o peso da "normalidade" na constituição como sujeitos das pessoas com deficiência permite reconhecer uma situação crítica de exclusão epistêmica para algumas pessoas, enquanto outras resistem e lutam para serem compreendidas em recursos hermenêuticos coletivos.

Abstract This paper aims to highlight the recurrence and centrality of the notion of birth in the whole of Merleau-Ponty’s corpus, adopting it as an alternative key for understanding other problems and concepts usually privileged in the study of his philosophy (such as the relationship between perception, language and thought, corporeality, intersubjectivity, nature or temporality). Three senses of birth are schematically distinguished in his work (as origin, intertwining, and institution of novelty and singularity) and the way in which they relate to each other is analyzed, addressing them in con- nection with their phenomenological sources in Husserl. Secondarily, over the course of the article some convergences and contrasts with close theo- retical developments of Arendt, Sartre, Patocka and Bergson are pointed out.

Resumen Este trabajo se propone hacer pa tentes la recurrencia y la centralidad de la noción del nacimiento en el conjunto de la obra de Merleau-Ponty, adoptándola como clave alternativa para la comprensión de otros problemas y conceptos usualmente privilegiados en el estudio de su filosofía (tales como la relación entre percepción, lenguaje y pensamiento, la corporalidad, la intersubjetividad, la naturaleza o la temporalidad). Se dis tinguen esquemáticamente tres sentidos del nacimiento en su obra (como origen, entrelazamiento e institución de novedad y singularidad) y se analiza el modo en que se relacionan entre sí, abordándolos en conexión con sus antecedentes fenomenológicos en Husserl. Secun dariamente, a lo largo del desarrollo se señalan algunas convergencias y contrastes con desarrollos asociados de Arendt, Sartre, Patocka y Bergson.

RESUMEN El artículo desarrolla una secuencia descriptivo-analítica que identifica las debilidades conceptuales de diversos modelos de comunicación fundados en la subjetividad, la hermenéutica y las teorías del emisor, cuya hegemonía se mantiene estable en las mediaciones antropológicas. Todo ello en medio de los intensos cambios que ha significado el complejo concepto de Antropoceno. En efecto, el centro gravitacional del análisis se sitúa en los postulados del giro anti-hermenéutico, donde la estructura es la base de la sensibilidad humana, y una concepción materialista de los medios que se aparta de la fenomenología y el discurso antropológico. La arqueología de los medios trabaja con materias primas, soportes, infraestructuras, máquinas mediales que distan del análisis cualitativo y los paradigmas complejos del antropoformismo que han sido prominentes en autores de la relevancia de Marshall McLuhan. En el ámbito de la contemporaneidad, esto nos lleva a distinguir entre una geología medial y medios de comunicación, mediante algunas tesis sustanciales de autores como Friedrich Kittler y Jussi Parikka.

ABSTRACT The article develops a descriptive-analytical sequence that identifies the conceptual weaknesses of various communication models based on subjectivity, hermeneutics and the theories of the emitter, whose hegemony remains stable in anthropological mediations. All this in the midst of the intense changes that the Anthropocene has meant. Indeed, the gravitational center of analysis is situated in the postulates of the anti-hermeneutic turn, a task that implies a materialist conception of the media that departs from phenomenology. Here, the so-called media archaeology works with supports, infrastructures, machines and expressive materialities that distance themselves from the qualitative analysis of the discourse and the paradigms of the subject -anthropomorphism- that have been prominent in authors of the relevance of Marshall McLuhan. In the field of contemporaneity, this leads us to distinguish between a medial geology and media, through some substantial theses by authors such as Friedrich Kittler and Jussi Parikka.

RESUMO O artigo desenvolve uma sequência descritivo-analítica que identifica as fragilidades conceituais de diversos modelos de comunicação baseados na subjetividade, na hermenêutica e nas teorias do emissor, cuja hegemonia permanece estável nas mediações antropológicas. Tudo isso em meio às intensas mudanças que o complexo conceito de Antropoceno significou. De fato, o centro gravitacional da análise situa-se nos postulados da viragem anti-hermenêutica, onde a estrutura é a base da sensibilidade humana, e uma concepção materialista dos meios de comunicação que se afasta da fenomenologia e do discurso antropológico. A arqueologia mediática trabalha com matérias-primas, suportes, infraestruturas, máquinas mediáticas que estão distantes da análise qualitativa e dos paradigmas complexos do antropoformismo que têm tido destaque em autores da relevância de Marshall McLuhan. No campo da contemporaneidade, isso nos leva a distinguir entre geologia medial e mídia, através de algumas teses substanciais de autores como Friedrich Kittler e Jussi Parikka.

Abstract Currently, the work of universities for gender equality and inclusion is recognized as a necessity. The diversity of the university community, the need to advance in gender and the presence of various manifestations of violence are evident. The aim of this work is to analyze the main achievements, obstacles and challenges in the promotion of gender equality in higher education institutions in the south-southeast of Mexico. The meetings and disagreements when working on social inclusion and the challenges that joint work brings with it are highlighted. The methodology is phenomenology. The techniques were: semi-structured interviews with 5 institutional gender equality representatives from different mexican universities. Additionally, a content analysis of various institutional documents was developed. Various advances in gender equality are evident. The main challenges are linked to the need to ensure progress to mainstream and institutionalize the gender perspective. In relation to inclusion, it is evident that the advances are very incipient. The work has focused on attention to gender violence due to its severity and magnitude. Working on inclusion within universities, under the framework of human rights, is a relatively recent task. The conceptual deficiencies in relation to inclusion, the difficulties in meeting the needs and for the operability in the face of the diversity of problems to be addressed are discussed. Some challenges are posed to favor a comprehensive approach promoting the construction of spaces for reflection, analysis and decision-making.

Resumen En la actualidad, el trabajo de las universidades en materia de igualdad de género y de inclusión se reconoce como una necesidad ante la diversidad que caracteriza a la comunidad universitaria, ante la importancia de seguir avanzando en materia de género y ante la presencia de diversas manifestaciones de violencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los principales logros, obstáculos y retos en la promoción de la igualdad de género en IES del sur-sureste mexicano, destacando los encuentros y desencuentros al trabajar la inclusión social y los retos que el trabajo conjunto trae consigo. La metodología es de corte fenomenológico con técnicas de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 5 responsables institucionales en materia de igualdad de género, de diferentes universidades de la Región sur-sureste mexicano. Adicionalmente, se desarrolló un análisis de contenido de diversos documentos institucionales. Se evidencian avances diversos en materia de igualdad de género, los retos principales se vinculan a la necesidad de asegurar avances para transversalizar e institucionalizar la perspectiva de género. Por su parte, en relación con la inclusión se evidencia que los avances son muy incipientes, debido a que el trabajo se ha centrado en la atención a la violencia de género por su gravedad y magnitud. Trabajar en la inclusión en las universidades, bajo el marco de los derechos humanos, es una labor relativamente reciente. Se discuten las carencias conceptuales en relación con la inclusión, las dificultades para la atención de las necesidades y para la operatividad ante la amplia gama de problemáticas a abordar. Se plantean algunas propuestas para favorecer un abordaje integral, promoviendo la construcción de espacios para la reflexión, el análisis y la toma de decisiones.

Students' parents are important stakeholders of school leadership. Student mobility and some other problems in a school environment may occur when the expectations of students' parents cannot be met. Hence, I studied the expectations of the parents of secondary school students about the leadership of school principals through focus-group interviews using a phenomenology design. According to the findings, the leadership expectations of parents about school principals were categorised in 4 sub-themes: behaviour, values, skills and competencies, and characteristics. Parents of students expect school principals to prioritise student success, create unity and integrity, ensure open and sincere communication, and student safety and happiness. They also expect values that include managerial competence and problem-solving skills, showing interest and sensitivity, sensitivity to differences, respect for justice and equality, and a democratic attitude. At the same time, parents of students expect school principals to be innovative, visionary, consistent, empathetic, and disciplined - they want principals to be good role models for students.

Against the backdrop of a transforming doctoral education landscape and the emergence of nontraditional doctoral students, this article investigates strategies to promote the success of students balancing academic studies and their careers. Prevailing discussions on doctoral success strategies have often centred on "traditional" doctoral students. This article examines the doctoral success challenges confronted by "non-traditional" doctoral candidates who pursue higher education at different stages of their lives, often juggling such with work and family or other responsibilities. The study was informed by Ward and Brennan's model to analyse the compatibility of student-doctoral education. This framework introduces the concept of student-doctoral fit that asserts that non-traditional students achieve optimal success when there is alignment between the student's values and those upheld by their organization and social structure. Therefore, doctoral success for non-traditional students lies in the alignment of three main spheres, namely, the 1) student-doctoral environment, 2) student vocation, and 3) the student-doctoral culture. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 non-traditional doctoral students employed by a research organization. The findings underscore the intricacies of balancing academic and professional demands, shedding light on the challenges arising from the lack of integration between academic work and doctoral pursuits. They highlight the need to challenge the conventional separation of these facets. Notably, participants highlighted that they received more substantial academic training and support from the research organization and work mentors, emphasizing the variable nature of support by university supervisors. Given that the majority of challenges reported revolve around the fit between the student-doctoral culture and environment, it is recommended that research organizations and universities collaborate and establish robust support structures. This collaborative approach is essential to ensure academic success and facilitate non-traditional doctoral students' smoother transition into professional careers.1

The research presented is a theoretical essay of the doctoral thesis “Social portraits of the city and the initial training of teachers: formative proposals based on the approaches of social phenomenology to Bakhtin's concepts” of the Cognition and Language Program, at the Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF). This section's main objective is to present the similarities between the philosophy of Alfred Schutz (Social Phenomenology) and that of Mikhail Bakhtin (Dialogical Language). To achieve the objective, we put into perspective, through bibliographical research, the conceptions outlined in the philosophical foundations of his works, particularly Aesthetics of Verbal Creation (BAKHTIN, 1997), Problems in Dostoevsky's poetics (BAKHTIN, 2013), For a philosophy of responsible act (BAKHTIN, 1993), the set of texts that make up Bakhtin's theory of the novel, Phenomenology and social relations (SCHUTZ, 1970) and The phenomenology of the social world (SCHUTZ, 1967) by Alfred Schutz. The thesis is part of the issue of teacher/mediator training. To carry out the research, we will present training proposals using city spaces, based on the reflections proposed by Schutz's social phenomenology and Bakhtin's concepts, aiming to contribute to the training of teachers/mediators by expanding their reading of the world and pedagogical praxis. To do so, we will reflect on the formation of the being/subject/student through philosophical, historical, political and social contexts. Thus, in this article, in addition to the similarities between the aforementioned authors and some of their concepts, a report is made on the importance of philosophy for school education and bridges with progressive pedagogy. We used qualitative research as a methodology based on the phenomenological theoretical-methodological axis, concluding the existence of possible dialogues between the authors' thoughts, despite their different backgrounds and life stories.

La investigación presentada es un ensayo teórico de la tesis doctoral “Retratos sociales de la ciudad y la formación inicial de docentes: propuestas formativas basadas en los acercamientos de la fenomenología social a los conceptos de Bakhtin” del Programa de Cognición y Lenguaje, de la Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF). El principal objetivo de esta sección es presentar las similitudes entre la filosofía de Alfred Schutz (Fenomenología social) y la de Mikhail Bakhtin (Lenguaje dialógico). Para lograr el objetivo, ponemos en perspectiva, a través de investigaciones bibliográficas, las concepciones esbozadas en los fundamentos filosóficos de sus obras, particularmente Estética de la creación verbal (BAKHTIN, 1997), Problemas en la poética de Dostoievski (BAKHTIN, 2013), Por una filosofía de la acto responsable (BAJTIN, 1993), el conjunto de textos que componen la teoría de la novela de Bajtín, Fenomenología y relaciones sociales (SCHUTZ, 1970) y La fenomenología del mundo social (SCHUTZ, 1967) de Alfred Schutz. La tesis se enmarca en el tema de la formación docente/mediador. Para realizar la investigación, presentaremos propuestas de formación utilizando espacios urbanos, a partir de las reflexiones propuestas por la fenomenología social de Schutz y los conceptos de Bakhtin, con el objetivo de contribuir a la formación de profesores/mediadores ampliando su lectura del mundo y su praxis pedagógica. Para ello, reflexionaremos sobre la formación del ser/sujeto/estudiante a través de contextos filosóficos, históricos, políticos y sociales. Así, en este artículo, además de las similitudes entre los autores citados y algunos de sus conceptos, se hace un informe sobre la importancia de la filosofía para la educación escolar y los puentes con la pedagogía progresista. Se utilizó la investigación cualitativa como metodología basada en el eje teórico-metodológico fenomenológico, concluyéndose la existencia de posibles diálogos entre el pensamiento de los autores, a pesar de sus diferentes procedencias e historias de vida.

A investigação apresentada é um ensaio teórico da tese de doutorado “Retratos sociais da cidade e a formação inicial de professores: propostas formativas a partir das aproximações da fenomenologia social aos conceitos de Bakhtin” do Programa de Cognição e Linguagem, da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF). Este recorte possui como objetivo principal apresentar as aproximações entre a filosofia de Alfred Schutz (Fenomenologia Social) e a de Mikhail Bakhtin (Linguagem Dialógica). Para alcançar o objetivo colocamos em perspectiva, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, as concepções esboçadas nos fundamentos filosóficos de suas obras, particularmente Estética da Criação Verbal (BAKHTIN, 1997), Problemas na poética de Dostoieviski (BAKHTIN, 2013), Por uma filosofia do ato responsável (BAKHTIN, 1993), o conjunto de textos que compõem a teoria do romance de Bakhtin, Fenomenologia e relações sociais (SCHUTZ, 1970) e A fenomenologia do mundo social (SCHUTZ, 1967) de Alfred Schutz. A tese se insere na problemática da formação de professores/mediadores. Para realizar a pesquisa apresentaremos propostas formativas utilizando espaços da cidade, a partir das reflexões propostas pela fenomenologia social de Schutz e dos conceitos de Bakhtin, visando contribuir para a formação de professores/mediadores ampliando sua leitura de mundo e a práxis pedagógica. Para tanto refletiremos sobre a formação do ser/sujeito/estudante por meio de contextos filosófico, histórico, político e social. Assim, neste artigo, além das aproximações entre os autores supracitados e alguns de seus conceitos, faz-se um relato sobre a importância da filosofia para a educação escolar e pontes com a pedagogia progressista. Utilizamos como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa a partir do eixo teórico-metodológico fenomenológico, concluindo a existência de diálogos possíveis entre os pensamentos dos autores, apesar das formações e histórias de vida distintas.