The acetalization or transacetalization reactions produce acetals or ketals used in cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals, and fuel additives. Besides synthesizing several products, the acetalization or transacetalization reactions can protect carbonyl groups, 1,2 and 1,3-diols in multi-step synthesis. This work studies the transacetalization of glycerol with 2,2-dimethoxypropane (2,2-DMP) to yield 2,2-dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane (solketal) by catalyzing with USY, HBeta, and HZSM-5 zeolites under cleaner and mild reaction conditions (reaction temperature: 25 °C; 2,2-DMP/glycerol molar ratio: 1; reaction time: 1 h; and catalyst concentration: 0.05-5 wt.%). For catalyst concentration equal to or greater than 2,5 wt.%, glycerol conversion stabilized near 96-97% for the three zeolites tested. The product selectivities also assume a constant value, close to 97% for solketal. For the lowest concentration of catalyst, the influence of the zeolite properties on the glycerol conversion, such as acidity and the strong/weak acid site ratio, was observed. Concerning the selectivity of the products, the results suggested that it can be based on zeolite topology, active sites at the particle surface, and the relative amount of micro and mesoporous HBeta, the most selective catalyst for acetals production, was reused at least once without loss of activity and selectivity. cosmetics food pharmaceuticals additives products groups 12 2 1, 1,3diols 13diols diols 1,3 3 multistep multi step synthesis 2,2dimethoxypropane 22dimethoxypropane dimethoxypropane 2,2 2,2DMP 22DMP DMP (2,2-DMP 2,2dimethyl4hydroxymethyl1,3dioxolane 22dimethyl4hydroxymethyl13dioxolane dimethylhydroxymethyldioxolane dimethyl 4 hydroxymethyl dioxolane solketal (solketal USY HBeta HZSM5 HZSM 5 HZSM- temperature °C C 2,2DMP/glycerol 22DMPglycerol DMPglycerol DMP/glycerol ratio time h 0.055 0055 0.05 0 05 0.05- wt.%. wt wt.% . wt.%) 2, 9697% 9697 96 97 96-97 tested value strongweak strong weak observed topology surface production 3diols 13 2dimethoxypropane 22 2DMP 2dimethyl4hydroxymethyl1 3dioxolane 055 005 0.0 wt. 969 9 96-9 dimethylhydroxymethyl 2dimethyl4hydroxymethyl 00 0. 96-

Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are versatile organisms that catalyze the conversion of a wide range of carbon sources into biomolecules of great industrial interest. In this study, we exploited the ability of Gluconobacter spp. to synthesize levans. Among the isolated strains, Gluconobacter cerinus UELBM11 produced approximately 14.0 g L−1 of levan under non-optimized conditions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses confirmed that levan obtained from G. cerinus UELBM11 consisted of a β-(2→6)-D-fructose backbone with some β-(2→1) ramifications. The average molecular weight (Mw) of the purified levan was 8.78 × 105 Da. Thermogravimetric/differential thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG) analysis indicated high thermal stability, with the maximum decomposition rate observed at 227.44 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a microporous morphology, and the antioxidant activity assays demonstrated that levan had a high scavenging capacity of 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, it has been demonstrated the levan produced by G. cerinus UELBM11 is a promising natural antioxidant and, owing to its microporosity and excellent thermal properties and stability, is a potential candidate as an additive in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food products. AAB (AAB interest study spp levans strains UELBM UELBM1 140 14 0 14. L1 L 1 L− nonoptimized non optimized conditions chromatographymass chromatography mass GCMS, GCMS GC MS , (GC-MS) FTIR, FTIR (FTIR) NMR (NMR G β2→6Dfructose β26Dfructose βDfructose β 2→6 D fructose 2 6 β2→1 β21 2→1 β-(2→1 ramifications Mw (Mw 878 8 78 8.7 10 Da Thermogravimetricdifferential Thermogravimetric differential TGA/DTG TGADTG TGA DTG (TGA/DTG stability 22744 227 44 227.4 C °C SEM (SEM morphology 2,2azinobis 22azinobis azinobis 2,2 azino bis 3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulfonic ethylbenzothiazolinesulfonic 3 ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonic ABTS (ABTS radicals Therefore cosmetics pharmaceuticals products (GC-MS (FTIR β2 6Dfructose Dfructose 26 2→ β2→ 21 β-(2→ 87 7 8. 2274 22 4 227. 2azinobis 2, β-(2 β-( β-

ABSTRACT Releasing pharmaceuticals like chloramphenicol (CHL) into water sources will likely pose potential risks to human health and aquatic life. Adsorption is preferably adopted to remove chloramphenicol from water. This study reported the microwave-assisted production of a cobalt-based zeolitic-imidazolate framework (ZIF67) for adsorptive removal of CHL in water. ZIF-67 was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ZIF67 showed a uniform morphology with a mean particle size of about 350 nm. For CHL uptake, the effect of time (0-120 min), concentration (2.5-20 mg/L), pH (3-9), and dosage (0.1-1.0 g/L) was investigated. It was found that pseudo-second-order (PSO, Radj.2: 0.998) and Langmuir (Radj.2: 0.991) models best described the kinetic and isotherm of CHL, respectively. Based on the Langmuir fitting of the isotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) was found at 25.73 mg/g. This study suggests that ZIF67 can be a potential adsorbent for CHL removal and a modification should be considered in future research to improve its performance in the environmental field.

RESUMEN Los residuos de productos farmacéuticos como el cloranfenicol (CHL) en las fuentes de agua representan un riesgo potencial tanto para la salud humana como para la vida acuática. La adsorción se adopta preferentemente para eliminar el cloranfenicol del agua. El presente estudio describe la producción asistida por microondas de un marco imidazolato zeolítico (ZIF67) basado en cobalto para la eliminación por adsorción de CHL en agua. ZIF-67 se caracterizó mediante difracción de rayos X (DRX), espectroscopia infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), dispersión de energía de rayos X (EDX) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). En el caso del ZIF67 se observó una morfología uniforme con un tamaño medio de partícula de unos 350 nm. Se investigaron los efectos sobre la absorción de CHL del tiempo (0-120 min), la concentración (2,5-20 mg/L), elpH (3-9) y la dosis (0,1-1,0 g/L). Los modelos de pseudo-segundo orden (PSO, Radj.2: 0.998) y Langmuir (Radj.2: 0.991) describieron mejor la cinética y la isoterma de CHL, respectivamente. A partir del ajuste de Langmuir del modelo de isoterma, la capacidad máxima de adsorción (Qmax) se encontró en 25,73 mg/g. Estos resultados sugieren que ZIF67puede ser un adsorbente potencial para la eliminación de CHL y que en futuras investigaciones debería considerarse una modificación para mejorar su rendimiento en el campo medioambiental.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the pursuit of a cure for the disease resulted in an excessive consumption of various pharmaceuticals, even after their inefficacy had been scientifically demonstrated. This scenario highlights the urgency of educational initiatives that improve students’ critical thinking and promote awareness of indiscriminate use of pharmaceuticals and its environmental and social implications. This research described the educational initiative “Pharmaceuticals in the COVID-19 pandemic” based on the study case method, implemented at an analytical chemistry class, and analyzed its potential on promoting Critical Environmental Education through a content analysis guided by the indicators proposed by Luz and Tonso. Students were divided into groups and studied different cases about pharmaceuticals featured in the media during the pandemic. They were expected to gather relevant data regarding the case scenario; to take a position on a socio-environmental dilemma; propose an analytical chromatographic methodology for the pharmaceutical in the case and present their results in a final report. The educational initiative was considered aligned with Critical Environmental Education principals due to the presence of six out of the seven indicators. As a future perspective, we aim to optimize the educational initiative in order to include all the indicators and students’ suggestions. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic demonstrated students implications Pharmaceuticals method class Tonso socioenvironmental socio dilemma report perspective suggestions COVID1 1 COVID-

The environmental impact of pharmaceuticals is a significant concern, as understanding their presence, spread, and harm in coastal regions remains limited. The occurrence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely, mefenamic acid (MFN), diclofenac (DCF) and naproxen (NPX) were studied in river waters. Four sample collections were carried out in five points in the dry and rainy seasons. Solidified floating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography using diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) were applied to quantify the presence of MFN, DCF and NPX in river water samples. DCF had the highest concentration (640 ng L-1), followed by NPX (410 ng L-1). MFN was not detected in any point within the used working range (limit of detection (LOD) of 0.07 µg L-1). Additionally, an assessment was conducted to evaluate the environmental risk associated with the pharmaceuticals detected in freshwater, specifically in various organisms including algae, mollusks, amphibians, fish, and cnidarians, spanning different trophic levels. The ecotoxicological assessment showed risks ranging from low to high, indicating deleterious effects on several exposed species. No high environmental risk was detected in the sampling areas. Although no immediate negative effects were detected, the potential impact on non-target species should not be disregarded. concern spread limited nonsteroidal non steroidal antiinflammatory anti inflammatory NSAIDs, NSAIDs , (NSAIDs) namely (MFN) (DCF (NPX waters seasons SFODME (SFODME HPLCDAD HPLC DAD (HPLC-DAD samples 640 (64 L1, L1 L 1 L-1) 410 (41 L1. . limit LOD (LOD 007 0 07 0.0 Additionally freshwater algae mollusks amphibians fish cnidarians levels areas nontarget target disregarded (NSAIDs (MFN 64 (6 L-1 41 (4 00 0. 6 ( L- 4

This review presents data regarding the occurrence of antibiotics in several aqueous matrices in Brazil reported in the last twelve years (from 2010 to 2022). Despite limited research on the topic, Brazil has the highest number of published data on antibiotics in surface water (SW) among Latin American countries. However, these studies primarily focused on the southern and southeastern regions, providing an incomplete picture of antibiotic occurrence in the aquatic environment of the country. Data from 24 papers show the detection of 23 antibiotics in 5 aquatic matrices, including drinking water, ranging from 0.13 ng L-1 to 37.30 μg L-1. Occurrence in SW was the most reported, and sulfamethoxazole was the antibiotic most prevalent and concentrated in this matrix (7112.4 ng L1). Besides the fact that antibiotics are only partially removed in sewage treatment plants, in Brazil, only 55.8% of the sewage generated is collected, and 80.8% of the collected sewage is treated, which aggravates the release of antibiotics to the aquatic environment. This poses a significant concern due to potential harm to non-target organisms and antibiotic-resistant bacteria proliferation, worsening global antimicrobial resistance. Given this scenario, regular monitoring to assess the presence of antibiotics and resistant bacteria is crucial, enabling timely interventions and appropriate mitigation measures. 201 2022. 2022 . 2022) topic (SW countries However regions country 2 013 0 13 0.1 L1 L 1 L- 3730 37 30 37.3 L1. 1. 7112.4 71124 7112 4 (7112. L1) plants 558 55 8 55.8 808 80 80.8 treated nontarget non target antibioticresistant proliferation resistance scenario crucial measures 20 202 01 0. 373 3 37. 7112. 711 (7112 55. 80. 71 (711 7 (71 (7 (

Macroalgae contains micro and macromolecules of great interest for various sectors, for example, food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. These compounds can be obtained through different extraction methods, among them the use of organic solvents with varying polarities. In this study, materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry in the seaweed biomasses before and after an extraction process with organic solvents. The red macroalgae Crassiphycus birdiae, cultivated on the northeast coast of Brazil, appeared, after extraction, as an amorphous material with some porosity. Its composition includes the elements carbon, oxygen, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, and iron. The presence of the agar polysaccharide was also verified by infrared spectroscopy. The decomposition of this polysaccharide was observed using differential scanning calorimetry. sectors example food cosmetics pharmaceuticals methods polarities study energydispersive energy dispersive Xray X ray spectroscopy spectrometry birdiae Brazil appeared porosity carbon oxygen sodium magnesium sulfur chlorine potassium aluminum silicon calcium iron

The overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) is a leading cause of multidrug resistance (MDR). Hence, it is crucial to discover effective pharmaceuticals that counteract ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance. FRAX486 is a p21-activated kinase (PAK) inhibitor. The objective of this study was to investigate whether FRAX486 can reverse ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance, while also exploring its mechanism of action. The CCK8 assay demonstrated that FRAX486 significantly reversed ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance. Furthermore, western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments revealed that FRAX486 had no impact on expression level and intracellular localization of ABCB1. Notably, FRAX486 was found to enhance intracellular drug accumulation and reduce efflux, resulting in the reversal of multidrug resistance. Docking analysis also indicated a strong affinity between FRAX486 and ABCB1. This study highlights the ability of FRAX486 to reverse ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance and provides valuable insights for its clinical application. Pglycoprotein P glycoprotein Pgp/ABCB1 PgpABCB1 PgpABCB gp/ABCB1 gp ABCB1 ABCB (P-gp/ABCB1 MDR. MDR . (MDR) Hence ABCB1mediated ABCBmediated mediated FRAX FRAX48 p21activated pactivated p21 activated p PAK (PAK inhibitor action CCK Furthermore Notably efflux application Pgp Pgp/ABCB gpABCB1 gpABCB gp/ABCB (P-gp/ABCB (MDR FRAX4 p2

Abstract Despite their global prevalence, the mechanisms for mood disorders like bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder remain largely misunderstood. Mood stabilizers and antidepressants, although useful and effective for some, do not have a high responsiveness rate across those with these conditions. One reason for low responsiveness to these drugs is patient heterogeneity, meaning there is diversity in patient characteristics relating to genetics, etiology, and environment affecting treatment. In the past two decades, novel induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) research and technology have enabled the use of human-derived brain cells as a new model to study human disease that can help account for patient variance. Human iPSC technology is an emerging tool to better understand the molecular mechanisms of these disorders as well as a platform to test novel treatments and existing pharmaceuticals. This literature review describes the use of iPSC technology to model bipolar and major depressive disorder, common medications used to treat these disorders, and novel patient-derived alternative treatment methods for non-responders stemming from past publications, as well as presenting new data derived from these models. prevalence misunderstood antidepressants some conditions heterogeneity genetics etiology decades (iPSC humanderived variance pharmaceuticals patientderived nonresponders non responders publications models

ABSTRACT Purpose To identify the prevalence of vestibular complaints in the psychiatric population of a mental health center in a city of the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. Methods The data were collected in the institution by a questionnaire, which contained a brief anamnesis and the “Dizziness Handicap Inventory - Brazilian Version”. Results The major part of the sample was composed by young adults (55.9%) and female (76.5%). The presence of dizziness at some period of day (always or sometimes) affects 67.7% of the subjects interviewed. Most of them use psychiatric pharmaceuticals (94.1%). Conclusion It was possible to conclude that there is a high prevalence of dizziness in the researched psychiatric population, the major impact being in subjects who use bipolar and mania pharmacal and subjects diagnosed with depressive disorder. As to association between vestibular complaints and psychiatric disorders, a significant association between dizziness and depressive disorders (p=0.033) and the absence of dizziness complaints and depressive episodes (p=0.031) was found. Alegre questionnaire Dizziness Version. Version . Version” 55.9% 559 55 9 (55.9% 76.5%. 765 76.5% 76 5 (76.5%) always sometimes 677 67 7 67.7 interviewed 94.1%. 941 94.1% 94 1 (94.1%) disorder p=0.033 p0033 p 0 033 (p=0.033 p=0.031 p0031 031 (p=0.031 found 55.9 (55.9 76.5 (76.5% 6 67. 94.1 (94.1% p=0.03 p003 03 (p=0.03 55. (55. 76. (76.5 94. (94.1 p=0.0 p00 (p=0.0 (55 (76. (94. p=0. p0 (p=0. (5 (76 (94 p=0 (p=0 ( (7 (9 p= (p= (p

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar a prevalência das queixas vestibulares na população psiquiátrica de um centro de saúde mental de uma cidade da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Métodos Os dados foram coletados na instituição, por meio de um formulário composto por uma breve anamnese, e pelo Dizziness Handicap Inventory - Brazilian Version. Resultados A maior parte da amostra foi composta por adultos jovens (55,9%) e do gênero feminino (76,5%). A presença de tontura em algum momento do dia (sempre ou às vezes) acometia 67,7% dos sujeitos da amostra. A grande maioria fazia uso de fármacos psiquiátricos (94,1%). Conclusão Existe uma elevada prevalência de tontura na população psiquiátrica pesquisada, sendo verificado maior impacto do sintoma em sujeitos que fazem uso de fármacos para bipolaridade e mania e em sujeitos diagnosticados com transtorno depressivo. Com relação à associação das queixas vestibulares à categoria de transtorno psiquiátrico, constata-se associação significativa entre queixa de tontura e transtornos depressivos (p=0,033) e ausência de queixa de tontura e episódios depressivos (p=0,031). Alegre instituição anamnese Version 55,9% 559 55 9 (55,9% 76,5%. 765 76,5% . 76 5 (76,5%) sempre vezes 677 67 7 67,7 94,1%. 941 94,1% 94 1 (94,1%) pesquisada depressivo psiquiátrico constatase constata se p=0,033 p0033 p 0 033 (p=0,033 p=0,031. p0031 p=0,031 031 (p=0,031) 55,9 (55,9 76,5 (76,5% 6 67, 94,1 (94,1% p=0,03 p003 03 (p=0,03 (p=0,031 55, (55, 76, (76,5 94, (94,1 p=0,0 p00 (p=0,0 (55 (76, (94, p=0, p0 (p=0, (5 (76 (94 p=0 (p=0 ( (7 (9 p= (p= (p

RESUMO Entre as criaturas marinhas, incluindo lulas, cefalópodes e polvos, uma das características mais exclusivas é a produção de tinta, que é uma fonte extremamente valiosa de produtos farmacêuticos. O presente estudo investiga quimicamente a tinta produzida a partir do Octopus vulgaris, bem como suas possíveis atividades antioxidantes, anticancerígenas, antimicrobianas e antiesquistossômicas in vitro. Vinte e um compostos diferentes foram identificados pela análise GC-MS da tinta de Octopus vulgaris. Os resultados revelaram que a tinta de O. vulgaris tinha capacidade antioxidante para cobrir o radical livre DPPH quando comparada ao ácido ascórbico. Além disso, a tinta de Octopus vulgaris apresentou atividade antibacteriana contra Bacillus subtilis, seguida por Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, e apresentou atividade moluscicida contra caramujos adultos Biomphalaria alexandrina e teve um efeito mortal distinto nas fases larvais livres de Schistosoma mansoni. Além disso, sua atividade anticancerígena foi confirmada, onde o valor IC50 da linha celular de câncer de mama MCF-7, carcinoma hepatocelular humano (HCT) e linha celular de câncer de fígado humano (HepG2) foi de 29,8, 38,29 e 30,38μg/mL, respectivamente. Em conclusão, a tinta extraída de O. vulgaris pode ser considerada como fonte de compostos valiosos que podem ser usados como agentes moluscicidas, antioxidantes, antimicrobianos, anticancerígenos e antiesquistossômicos. marinhas lulas polvos farmacêuticos antioxidantes anticancerígenas vitro GCMS GC MS ascórbico disso subtilis aeuroginosa mansoni confirmada IC IC5 MCF7, MCF7 MCF 7, 7 MCF-7 HCT (HCT HepG2 HepG (HepG2 298 29 8 29,8 3829 38 38,2 3038μgmL μgmL 30 38μg mL μg 30,38μg/mL respectivamente conclusão moluscicidas antimicrobianos antiesquistossômicos MCF- (HepG 2 29, 382 3 38,

ABSTRACT Among marine creatures including squids, cephalopods and Octopus, one of the most unique features is production of ink which is an extremely valuable source of pharmaceuticals. The current study investigates the ink produced from Octopus vulgaris chemically as well as its potential antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-schistosomal activities in vitro. Twenty-one different compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis of Octopus vulgaris ink. Results revealed that O. vulgaris ink had antioxidant capability to cover DPPH free radical when compared to ascorbic acid. Moreover, Octopus vulgaris ink exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis followed by Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeuroginosa and exhibited a molluscicidal activity against adult Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and had a distinguished mortal effect on free larval phases of Schistosoma mansoni. Furthermore, its anticancer activity was confirmed, where IC50 value of breast cancer cell line MCF-7, human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCT) and human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) were 29.8, 38.29 and 30.38μg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, ink extracted from O. vulgaris may be considered as source of valuable compounds that can be used as molluscicidal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-schistosomal agents. squids pharmaceuticals antimicrobial antischistosomal anti schistosomal vitro Twentyone Twenty GCMS GC MS O acid Moreover mansoni Furthermore confirmed IC IC5 MCF7, MCF7 MCF 7, 7 MCF-7 HCT (HCT HepG2 HepG (HepG2 298 29 8 29.8 3829 38 38.2 3038μgmL μgmL 30 38μg mL μg 30.38μg/mL respectively conclusion agents MCF- (HepG 2 29. 382 3 38.

The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in various wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and their discharge into the surface water are existing global challenges. However, such challenges are more detrimental in developing countries due to the aging infrastructure and its vandalism influenced by poverty, resulting in the illegal breakdown of the WWTPs. This study investigated the presence of efavirenz, ibuprofen, naproxen, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim in WWTPs. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to extract these pharmaceuticals in sludge samples, with wastewater extracted with only the latter. This was followed with analysis using a high-performance liquid chromatography-photo-diode array detection system. Recoveries found after spiking the samples with analytes at different concentrations ranged from 56 to 117%. An antibiotic, sulfamethoxazole, was among the prominent drugs in untreated wastewater with its concentration reaching 77 ug L-1. All the analytes were detected in sludge samples, with naproxen having the highest concentration of 13.35 ng g-1. The pharmaceutical with the lowest removal efficiency (2-12%) in WWTPs was efavirenz, while other drugs were fairly removed from wastewater. Overall, the findings of this study indicate the dysfunctionality of selected WWTPs in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa due to the release of high amounts of pharmaceuticals into the surface water which can be detrimental to humans, animals, and aquatic life.

Abstract: A growing public health concern, Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects millions of people globally and has a yearly economic impact of billions of dollars. We examine the pipeline of pharmaceuticals and biologics undergoing AD clinical studies. The majority of the time and money spent on clinical trials of potential therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have yielded disappointing results. The Alzheimer’s research community is continually looking for new biomarkers and other biological indicators to describe the course of the illness or serve as clinical trial outcome indicators. One upshot of these efforts has been a substantial body of literature presenting sample size estimates and power calculations for future cohort studies and clinical trials with the longitudinal rate of change outcome measures. To be as useful as possible, statistical methodologies, model assumptions, and parameter estimations used in power calculations are frequently not disclosed in sufficient depth. Most dementia cases (60–70%) are caused by Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The need for discovering effective medicines to treat AD has increased due to the severity of the condition and the ongoing growth in patient numbers. The medications now used to treat AD can only temporarily reduce the symptoms of dementia; they cannot halt or reverse the course of the illness. Many international pharmaceutical companies have tried numerous times to develop an amyloid-clearing medication based on the amyloid hypothesis but without success. To offer a comprehensive understanding of clinical trials and medication development for AD, we looked at some new impacts to categorize the medication with the help of deep learning techniques for a better and innovative result to reduce the rate of changes of severity. Using a deep learning framework and big data analytics, we developed a strategy called "drug repurposing in Alzheimer's disease" that quantifies the connection between a list of medicine names and the stage of AD as assessed by sentiment analysis.

Abstract Facing the challenges that Industry 4.0 has brought to organizations, convergent technologies have gained great importance to respond to some of today's needs. Therefore, this study proposes as a central objective to identify the thematic trends in studies of converging technologies in Industry 4.0. Based on this, four research questions are included. A bibliometric analysis is carried out from the PRISMA statement. The Scopus and Web of Sciences databases are selected and Anally, 137 documents are selected to carry out the analysis. The results make it possible to identify the main research actors, that is, the main references in terms of authors, journals and countries that generate the greatest impact on the subject. The evolutionary behavior of the research topics is also analyzed based on the most recurring keywords per year. Thematic clusters and the most frequent and current themes in the literature are identified using the VOSviewer software. In this way, a research agenda is proposed in which future lines of research are marked and the questions that must be answered based on the identified academic gaps. The findings allow us to identify a greater interest in topics related to artificial intelligence, health care and pharmaceuticals and automation in health sciences.

Resumen De cara a los desafíos que ha traído consigo la industria 4.0 para las organizaciones, las tecnologías convergentes han cobrado gran importancia para responder a algunas de las necesidades de la actualidad. Por tanto, este estudio se propone como objetivo central identificar las tendencias temáticas en estudios de tecnologías convergentes en la Industria 4.0. Con base en esto se incluyen cuatro preguntas de investigación. Se realiza un análisis bibliométrico a partir de la declaración PRISMA. Se seleccionan las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Sciences y Analmente, se seleccionan 137 documentos para realizar el análisis. Los resultados permiten identificar los principales actores investigativos, es decir, los principales referentes en términos de autores, revistas y países que generan mayor impacto en el tema. También se analiza el comportamiento evolutivo de las temáticas de investigación en función de las palabras claves más recurrentes por año. Se identifican clústeres temáticos y los temas más frecuentes y vigentes en la literatura a partir del software VOSviewer. De esta manera, se propone una agenda investigativa en la que se marcan las futuras líneas de investigación y las preguntas que se deben responder con base en los vacíos académicos identificados. Los hallazgos permiten identificar un mayor interés por los temas relacionados con la inteligencia artificial, el cuidado de la salud y las farmacéuticas y la automatización en las ciencias de la salud.

Resumo Face aos desafios que a Indústria 4.0 trouxe às organizações, as tecnologias convergentes ganharam grande importância para responder a algumas das necessidades atuais. Apesar dos benefícios que as tecnologias convergentes proporcionam na indústria no contexto da digitalização, poucos estudos realizaram uma revisão teórica da relação entre ambas. Portanto, este estudo propõe como objetivo central identificar as tendências temáticas nos estudos de tecnologias convergentes na Indústria 4.0. Com base nisso, quatro perguntas de pesquisa são incluídas. Uma análise bibliométrica é realizada a partir da declaração PRISMA. As bases de dados Scopus e Web of Sciences são selecionadas e, finalmente, 137 documentos são selecionados para realizar a análise. Os resultados permitem identificar os principais atores da pesquisa, ou seja, as principais referências em termos de autores, periódicos e países que geram maior impacto sobre o tema. O comportamento evolutivo dos temas de pesquisa também é analisado com base nas palavras-chave mais recorrentes por ano. Os agrupamentos temáticos e os temas mais frequentes e atuais na literatura são identificados por meio do software VOSviewer. Dessa forma, propõe-se uma agenda de pesquisa na qual são marcadas as futuras linhas de pesquisa e as questões que devem ser respondidas com base nas lacunas acadêmicas identificadas. Os achados permitem identificar um maior interesse por temas relacionados à inteligência artificial, saúde e farmacêutica e automação nas ciências da saúde.

Resumen: La insulinoterapia es compleja en pacientes pediátricos porque presentan mayores variaciones de los requerimientos de insulina. Las insulinas tradicionales presentan limitaciones relacionadas al tiempo de inicio de acción y la duración del efecto, lo que ha llevado al desarrollo de nuevas insulinas, buscando disminuir las complicaciones crónicas, las hipoglicemias severas o nocturnas, y mejorando la adherencia a la terapia. En esta actualidad se revisa la información sobre nuevas insulinas, mecanismos de acción y beneficios que aportan en el tratamiento de la diabetes. Los análogos de insulina intentan imitar la secreción fisiológica de la hormona, incluyendo tiempo de acción y duración de su efecto. Los análogos prandiales más utilizados actualmente son las insulinas conocidas como ultra rápidas, entre las que se encuentra Faster Aspártica y las nuevas insulinas basales, glargina U300 y degludec, que presentan una acción prolongada mayor a 24 horas, por lo que requieren una dosis diaria. Nuevas tecnologías en desarrollo incluyen insulinas biosimilares como el biosimilar de glar- gina, ya disponible en clínica. Para el futuro se están desarrollando nuevas formulaciones, así como novedosas formas de dispersarlas, imitando la acción de las células pancreáticas, lo cual permitirá un manejo más fisiológico y personalizado de la enfermedad.

Abstract: Insulin therapy is complex in pediatric patients because they present greater variations in insulin requirements. Traditional insulins have limitations related to time of onset of action and duration of effect, which has led to the development of new insulins, seeking to reduce chronic complications, severe or nocturnal hypoglycemia, and to improve adherence to therapy. This review updates the information on new insulins, their mechanisms of action and the benefits they provide in the treatment of diabetes. Insulin analogues attempt to mimic the physiological secretion of the hormone, including time of action and duration of effect. The most used prandial analogs are the so-called rapid-acting insulins, including Faster Aspartic and the new basal insulins, glargine U300 and degludec, which have a prolonged action of more than 24 hours and therefore require a daily dose. New technologies under development include biosimilar insulins such as the glargine biosimilar, already available in the clinic. New formulations are being developed for the future, as well as novel ways of dispersing them, mimicking the action of pancreatic cells, which will allow a more physiological and personalized management of the disease.