Purpose This paper aims to examine the effects on firms' outcomes of a new government regulation on the private security industry that aimed to enhance the selection and training processes for armed-private security officers. Design/methodology/approach By using human capital theory and using a data set built from various public sources, this study analyzes the effects of a new regulation implemented in 2013–2014 in Brazil mandating psychological assessments for hiring private security armed officers. Firm-level data and a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) identification strategy are used to investigate the effects on turnover and human capital outcomes. Findings The study identifies substantial changes resulting from the new government regulation in private security firms. While it has led to increased turnover rates, the regulation has also facilitated firms in enhancing the human capital composition of their workforce by enabling the recruitment of more experienced personnel. Research limitations/implications This research informs to current debates on the effects of policy interventions on firm's outcomes by showing how regulations aimed to improve the configuration of human capital can generate win-win situations for both firms and citizens, despite the short-term trade-offs between higher turnover rates and improved human capital outcomes. Practical implications Refining selection and training processes can enhance the workforce in private security firms by replacing less capable professionals with more experienced ones. Insights from this study offer guidance to policymakers and industry practitioners in shaping effective business and public policies. Social implications This study underscores the role of training and psychological assessments in enhancing the composition of human capital in the private security industry. Originality/value By highlighting the role of policy interventions in establishing barriers to unskilled workers engaging in hazardous activities, this study contributes to the burgeoning literature in strategic management on the interaction between policy interventions and firm outcomes. armedprivate officers Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach sources 20132014 2013 2014 2013–201 Firmlevel Firm level DifferenceinDifferences Difference Differences DiD (DiD personnel limitationsimplications limitations s winwin win citizens shortterm short term tradeoffs trade offs ones policies Originalityvalue Originality value activities 2013201 201 2013–20 201320 20 2013–2 20132 2 2013–

ABSTRACT The Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare began the vaccination plan against SARS COV 2, prioritizing in the first stage the most vulnerable groups, which corresponded, among others, to health personnel; In this sense, the Expanded Immunization Program (PAI) has begun the process of selection and training of nursing personnel in the technical and operational guidelines of the vaccination plan, information system and surveillance of events supposedly attributed to vaccination and immunization. Objective: Determine the incidence of adverse reactions to COVID 19 vaccines (CoronaVac®, Astrazeneca® and Covaxin®) in health personnel from the public and private sectors of the XIV Canindeyú Health Region. Methodology: Quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study. Results: Among the most frequent mild effects were pain at the application site, being 63.6% for the Covaxin® vaccine and 62.8% for the Astrazeneca® vaccine. In relation to the general effects, dyspepsia was the most observed reaction (86.6% for the Covaxin® vaccine and 83.3% for the CoronaVac® vaccine), and lack of energy and motivation (Astrazeneca® vaccine with 34.9%). Discussion: The study clearly shows that there are differences in the observation of mild effects caused by different vaccines. On this occasion, three vaccines have been observed, highlighting that these mild effects are common, frequent and generally temporary in vaccines.

RESUMEN El Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social inició con el plan de vacunación contra el SARS COV 2, priorizando en la primera etapa a los grupos de mayor vulnerabilidad, quienes correspondían entre otros al personal de salud; en ese sentido el Programa Ampliado de Inmunizaciones (PAI) ha iniciado con el proceso de selección y capacitación de los personales de enfermería en los lineamientos técnicos y operativos del plan de vacunación, sistema de información y de vigilancia de eventos supuestamente atribuidos a la vacunación e inmunización. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de reacciones adversas de las vacunas contra el COVID 19 (CoronaVac®, Astrazeneca® y Covaxin®) en personal de salud de los sectores públicos y privados de la XIV Región Sanitaria Canindeyú. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal. Resultados: Entre los efectos leves de mayor frecuencia fueron el dolor en el sitio de aplicación, siendo para la vacuna Covaxin® en un 63.6% y para la vacuna Astrazeneca® 62.8%. Con relación a los efectos generales la dispepsia fue la reacción más observada (86.6% para la vacuna Covaxin® y 83.3% para vacuna CoronaVac®), y falta de energía y motivación (vacuna Astrazeneca® con un 34.9%). Discusión: el estudio muestra claramente que existen diferencias en la observación de efectos leves provocados por diferentes vacunas. En esta oportunidad se han observado tres vacunas, resaltando que estos efectos leves son comunes, frecuentes y generalmente temporales en las vacunas.

RESUMEN Introducción: la dirección de salud exige nuevas formas de actuación profesional en las instituciones de salud cubana que garanticen los cambios necesarios para su desarrollo sostenible. Objetivo: diseñar un curso que contribuya a mejorar el desempeño de los cuadros de la atención primaria de salud a partir del trabajo con sus reservas. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo, educativa, entre julio 2023 a diciembre 2023, que culminó con el diseño del curso de superación sobre dirección en salud para reservas de cuadro de la atención primaria. La población incluyó a las 96 reservas de cuadro pertenecientes a la Dirección General de Salud del municipio. Para la selección de la muestra se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional, finalmente resultó constituida por 34 reservas. La fiabilidad se obtuvo calculando el Alfa de Cronbach, en el Programa SPSS para Windows versión 28. Resultados: se identificaron las necesidades de aprendizaje de las reservas de cuadro sobre la base de las cuales se diseñó un curso compuesto por dieciséis temas, con un enfoque activo y participativo, a través de diferentes formas de enseñanza-aprendizaje, con énfasis en el uso del trabajo grupal. Se validó el curso por criterios de expertos. Conclusiones: las reservas de cuadro de la Atención Primaria de Salud presentan conocimientos insuficientes acerca de la dirección en salud proponiéndose un curso de posgrado que contribuya a mejorar el desempeño de los cuadros.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the health management demands new forms of professional action in Cuban health institutions that guarantee the changes necessary for their sustainable development. Objective: design a course that contributes to improving the performance of primary health care staff based on working with their reserves. Methods: an educational development research was conducted from July 2023 to December 2023, which culminated in the design of a training course on health management for primary care cadre reserves. The population included the 96 cadre reserves belonging to the General Directorate of Health of the municipality. For the selection of the sample, a non-probabilistic purposive sampling was carried out, and it finally consisted of 34 reserves. Reliability was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha in SPSS for Windows version 28. Results: the learning needs of the cadre reserves were identified on the basis of which a course composed of sixteen topics was designed, with an active and participatory approach, through different forms of teaching-learning, with emphasis on the use of work group. The course was validated by expert criteria. Conclusions: the reserves of Primary Health Care cadres have insufficient knowledge about health management and a postgraduate course is proposed to contribute to improve the performance of the cadres.

Resumen El presente artículo se enfoca en examinar el Sistema Integrado de Administración del Talento Humano en el Sector Público Ecuatoriano, con el propósito de analizar su evolución histórica y su estructura actual. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, se realizaron actividades específicas. En primer lugar, se llevó a cabo una recopilación de información histórica relacionada con la gestión de recursos humanos en el servicio público ecuatoriano. Esto incluyó la revisión de documentos, registros y fuentes bibliográficas para comprender la evolución de esta gestión a lo largo del tiempo. Además, se realizó el levantamiento de literatura relacionada con la gestión de personal en el servicio público, explorando investigaciones previas y artículos académicos. También se realizó una revisión minuciosa de la legislación vigente relacionada a este sistema permitiendo identificar los marcos legales y regulaciones que rigen la gestión de recursos humanos en el sector público. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo un análisis detallado de los componentes que conforman el sistema, incluyendo la planificación del talento humano, la clasificación de los puestos, el reclutamiento y selección del personal, la capacitación y la formación profesional, la evaluación del desempeño y la salud ocupacional. Este estudio proporciona una comprensión completa del sistema de gestión de talento humano en el sector público ecuatoriano, desde sus antecedentes históricos hasta su estructura y componentes actuales. Estos hallazgos son fundamentales para entender la evolución y el funcionamiento de la gestión de recursos humanos en el contexto gubernamental ecuatoriano, lo que puede servir de base para investigaciones futuras y mejoras en este ámbito.

Abstract This article focuses on examining the Integrated Human Talent Management System in the Ecuadorian Public Sector, with the purpose of analyzing its historical evolution and its current structure. To carry out this research, specific activities were carried out. Firstly, a compilation of historical information related to human resources management in the Ecuadorian public service was carried out. This included the review of documents, records and bibliographic sources to understand the evolution of this management over time. In addition, a literature survey related to personnel management in the public service was carried out, exploring previous research and academic articles. A thorough review of the current legislation related to this system was also carried out, allowing the identification of the legal frameworks and regulations that govern human resources management in the public sector. Finally, a detailed analysis of the components that make up the system was carried out, including human talent planning, job classification, recruitment and selection of personnel, training and professional development, performance evaluation and occupational health. This study provides a complete understanding of the human talent management system in the Ecuadorian public sector, from its historical background to its current structure and components. These findings are fundamental to understand the evolution and functioning of human resources management in the Ecuadorian government context, which can serve as a basis for future research and improvements in this area.

BACKGROUND: HIV testing remains an entry point into HIV care and treatment services. In 2007, Nigeria adopted and implemented a two-test rapid HIV testing algorithm of three HIV rapid test kits, following the sequence: Alere Determine (first test), UnigoldTM (second test), and STAT-PAK® as the tie-breaker. Sub-analysis of the 2018 Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey data showed significant discordance between the first and second tests, necessitating an evaluation of the algorithm. This manuscript highlights lessons learnt from that evaluation. INTERVENTION: A two-phased evaluation method was employed, including abstraction and analysis of retrospective HIV testing data from January 2017 to December 2019 from 24 selected sites supported by the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief programme. A prospective evaluation of HIV testing was done among 2895 consecutively enrolled and consented adults, aged 15-64 years, accessing HIV testing services from three selected sites per state across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria between July 2020 and September 2020. The prospective evaluation was performed both in the field and at the National Reference Laboratory under controlled laboratory conditions. Stakeholder engagements, strategic selection and training of study personnel, and integrated supportive supervision were employed to assure the quality of evaluation procedures and outcomes. LESSONS LEARNT: The algorithm showed higher sensitivity and specificity in the National Reference Laboratory compared with the field. The approaches to quality assurance were integral to the high-quality study outcomes. RECOMMENDATIONS: We recommend comparison of testing algorithms under evaluation against a gold standard. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: This study provides context-specific considerations in using World Health Organization recommendations to evaluate the Nigerian national HIV rapid testing algorithm.

Resumen Estudio exploratorio-descriptivo sobre un grupo de profesionales costarricenses en psicología acerca de sus actitudes hacia la aplicación de los principios psicológicos en la práctica odontológica. La muestra fue de 377 psicólogos (activos en el Colegio de Profesionales en Psicología de Costa Rica). A partir del cuestionario original diseñado por Gómez y Gómez (2007), el cual fue construido para estimar la necesidad de conformar programas universitarios que integren la psicología y la odontología, se aplicó una adaptación consistente en una encuesta de 10 preguntas autoadministradas de selección simple, la cual se efectuó en línea a través del sistema QuestionPro®. Se pudo evidenciar que existe una actitud positiva ante el enfoque interdisciplinario entre la Odontología y la Psicología; se demostró que un 74% de la muestra sostiene que los aspectos psicosociales son “Bastante importantes” en el marco de la atención odontológica. A pesar de ello, la mayoría (57%) de las personas consultadas indicó que no ha tenido ocasión de aplicar sus conocimientos y experiencia en psicología al contexto odontológico. Asimismo, un 72% de los participantes considera “Bastante importante” que los profesionales en Odontología reciban capacitación básica en el área psicológica para la prevención o contención de ciertos síntomas que puedan incidir en la salud mental. Por otra parte, el 80% de quienes respondieron la encuesta indicaron que las iniciativas interdisciplinarias de colaboración científica (investigación) y aplicada (ejercicio profesional) son “Bastante importantes” para producir beneficios tangibles en la prestación de servicios integrales a los pacientes y el bienestar del personal sanitario.

Abstract Exploratory-descriptive study on a group of Costa Rican professionals in psychology about their attitudes towards the application of psychological principles in dental practice. The sample consisted of 377 psychologists (active in the Association of Psychology Professionals of Costa Rica). From the original questionnaire designed by Gómez and Gómez (2007), which was built to estimate the need to create university programs that integrate psychology and dentistry, an adaptation consisting of a survey of 10 self-administered questions of simple selection was applied, which was carried out online through the QuestionPro® system. It was possible to show that there is a positive attitude towards the interdisciplinary approach between Dentistry and Psychology; it was shown that 74% of the sample maintains that psychosocial aspects are “Quite important” in the context of dental care. Despite this, the majority (57%) of the people consulted indicated that they had not had the opportunity to apply their knowledge and experience as psychologists to the dental context. Likewise, 72% of the participants consider it “Quite important” that dental professionals receive basic training in the psychological area for the prevention or containment of certain symptoms that may affect mental health. On the other hand, 80% of the survey respondents indicated that interdisciplinary initiatives of professional scientific (research) and applied (practice) collaboration are “Quite important” to produce tangible benefits in the provision of comprehensive services to patients and wellbeing of health personnel.

Abstract The meanings attributed to the clinical and organizational competencies of the psychologist and how these determine and mark a differentiating factor in a personnel selection process were analyzed. This research is a qualitative study, with a cross-sectional descriptive design, it seeks to respond to its main objective through semi-structured interviews, in which five Colombian psychologists are questioned about important aspects of personal selection. It was found that the senses attributed to clinical and organizational competencies are decisive in the selection process, since using the two competencies makes a much more complete process, seeing the subject from a global vision where each aspect that makes it up is of utmost importance for the organization, bearing in mind that performing this combination of competencies is a job that only a psychologist can do.

Resumen Se analizaron los sentidos atribuidos a las competencias clínicas y organizacionales del psicólogo y cómo estas determinan y marcan un factor diferenciador en un proceso de selección de personal. Esta investigación es un estudio cualitativo, con diseño descriptivo transversal, y busca responder a su objetivo principal a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas donde se indaga a cinco psicólogos colombianos sobre aspectos importantes de la selección personal. Se encontró que los sentidos atribuidos a las competencias clínicas y organizacionales son determinantes en el proceso de selección, pues utilizar las dos competencias hace un proceso mucho más completo, al ver al sujeto desde una visión global donde cada aspecto que lo conforma es de suma importancia para la organización, teniendo en cuenta que realizar esta combinación de competencias es un trabajo que solo lo puede hacer un psicólogo.

ORIENTATION: The workplace is changing at a rapid pace, and human resource (HR) professionals should become acquainted with the future of talent management to offer value to their organisations RESEARCH PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of the future of talent management at the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality from a qualitative perspective MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Human resource practitioners play a major role in the future of talent management at the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and those roles need to be explored RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: The study used a qualitative research approach, involving in-depth interviews with 13 HR personnel and other relevant stakeholders at the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. Thematic analysis was applied MAIN FINDINGS: The following themes were identified and emerged from the study: training and development; retention management; and recruitment and selection PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: South African HR professionals should be prepared for the future of talent management. If these HR practitioners are not open to using technology, they may struggle to offer value to the organisation CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: This study highlighted the importance of talent management for future work at the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and the limited scope of current talent management practices. It contributed to the development of a new theory in talent management, emphasised the significance of diversity and inclusion in the workplace, and identified future areas for research

Abstract Phantoms play an important role in biomedicine due to their usefulness in the training of personnel and in the development of investigations. We propose a methodology to narrow down the selection of design parameters of phantoms for calibrating ultrasound devices. For doing so, we model the phantoms as composite materials. Through a mathematical homogenization technique, the global properties of the phantom are given in terms of the volume fractions of its components, their geometric shapes, and physical properties. We explore these parameters to determine ranges that yield the desirable values of acoustic impedance and attenuation. The procedure is illustrated for a class of sandwich-like phantoms made of layers of agar of different concentrations with complex elastic moduli. In this example, homogenization provides analytical formulae of the global properties that can be used to identify the layers’ thicknesses and concentrations that yield a low impedance and an average attenuation coefficient. These analytical results are compared with a numerical homogenization method, showing good agreement.

Resumo Este mapa teórico, realizado de acordo com as concepções de Biembengut (2008), teve por objetivo identificar e compreender as práticas formativas direcionadas aos professores que ensinam Matemática nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Para alcançar tal objetivo, uma busca por trabalhos foi realizada no Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Optou-se pela busca avançada selecionando, ao mesmo tempo, o termo “formação de professores” no título e o termo “matemática” em qualquer parte da publicação, limitado ao intervalo de 01/01/2011 a 24/09/2021. Nesse primeiro movimento, foram recuperados 452 documentos, os quais foram exportados para uma planilha eletrônica. A partir disso, foram excluídos os documentos repetidos e realizada a busca, nos resumos e nas palavras-chaves, pelos termos que caracterizam os Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Após esta etapa, a seleção restringiu-se a 63 artigos para a leitura dos resumos, no intuito de identificar aproximação com o objetivo deste estudo. Este refinamento resultou em 15 artigos, os quais constituíram o corpus dessa pesquisa. O mapa mostrou que existe um maior interesse por práticas que propiciam a valorização da profissão e dos saberes docentes, bem como apontou que Números e Operações são os conceitos matemáticos mais desenvolvidos nos processos formativos. Os resultados reforçam, ainda, a importância da partilha de experiências e da construção coletiva e colaborativa para o desenvolvimento profissional dos professores.

Abstract This theoretical map, carried out according to the conceptions of Biembengut (2008), aimed to identify and understand the training practices facing teachers who teach mathematics in the early years of elementary school. To achieve this goal, a search for papers was carried out on the Journal Portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). We opted for the advanced search, selecting, at the same time, the term “teacher education” in the title and the term “mathematics” in any part of the publication, limited to the data range 01/01/2011 to 24/09/2021. In this first movement, 452 documents were retrieved, which were exported to an electronic spreadsheet. From this, repeated documents were excluded, and the search was carried out, in the abstracts and keywords, for the terms that characterize the initial years of elementary school. After this step, the selection was restricted to 63 articles for reading the abstracts, in order to identify approximation with the objective of this study. This refinement resulted in 15 articles, which constituted the corpus of this research. The map showed that there is greater interest in practices that promote the appreciation of the profession and teaching knowledge, as well as pointing out that Numbers and Operations are the most developed mathematical concepts in educational processes. The results also reinforce the importance of sharing experiences and collective and collaborative construction for the professional development of teachers.

RESUMO A autodefesa na Força Naval é uma das competências fundamentais do profissional militar. A melhoria do processo de domínio nas artes marciais mistas requer diagnósticos sistemáticos, provas de alcances e limitações e, portanto, a tomada de decisões corretas para melhorar o processo. Neste sentido, o objectivo da investigação era diagnosticar as necessidades em autodefesa sistemática na Escola Superior Naval. A investigação é exploratória com uma abordagem descritiva-explicativa e correlativa; foi selecionada uma amostra propositada de 20 oficiais navais. Responderam a inquéritos fechados que justificarão a concepção prospectiva de um futuro processo de intervenção. A auto avaliação dos especialistas mostra que 40% têm uma boa classificação no domínio do Karate-do, boxe e técnicas de judô e 30% uma má classificação. Estes valores indicam que são semelhantes durante a aplicação correta do Karate-do (45 %: bom; 15 %: mau), do boxe (65 %: bom; 0 %: mau) e do judô (40 %: bom; 25 %: mau) técnicas, enquanto que os indicadores relevância (4,30 pontos), viabilidade (3,40 pontos), prioridade (4,55 pontos) e abrangência (4,40 pontos). Estes valores justificaram a necessidade de implementar um processo de intervenção para melhorar a autodefesa dos marítimos. No estudo, prevalece um acordo aceitável entre os especialistas (0,526). A consulta com especialistas mostra a necessidade de implementar um processo sistemático de formação em autodefesa na Academia Naval. Os indicadores de relevância, viabilidade, prioridade e abrangência são apresentados como positivos na concepção de um processo prospectivo para proporcionar desenvolvimento profissional ao pessoal naval equatoriano na área da autodefesa.

ABSTRACT Self-defense in the Naval Force is one of the fundamental competencies of the military professional, the improvement of the mastery process in mixed martial arts requires systematic diagnoses, evidence of scope and limitations and, therefore, making the right decisions to improve the process. In this sense, it was proposed as the purpose of the research: to diagnose needs in the systematic self-defense of the Higher Naval School. The research is exploratory with a descriptive-explanatory and correlational approach; selection is made under an intentional sampling of 20 naval officers. These respond to closed surveys that will justify the prospective design of a future intervention process. The self-assessment of the specialists shows that 40% have a Good rating in mastering karate-do, boxing and judo techniques and 30 % a Bad rating. These values indicate that they are similar during the correct application of karate-do techniques (45 %: Good; 15 %: Bad), Boxing (65 %: Good; 0%: Bad) and Judo (40 %: Good; 25 %: Bad), while the indicators Relevance (4.30 points), Feasibility (3.40 points), Priority (4.55 points) and Comprehensiveness. (4.40 points). These values justified the need to implement an intervention process to improve self-defense in sailors. In the study, an acceptable concordance prevails among the specialists (0.526). Consultation with specialists shows the need to implement a systematic self-defense training process at the Naval High School. The indicators of relevance, feasibility, priority and comprehensiveness are presented as positive in the design of a prospective process to provide professional improvement to Ecuadorian naval personnel in the aspect of self-defense.

RESUMEN La defensa personal en la Fuerza Naval es una de las competencias fundamentales del profesional militar, el perfeccionamiento del proceso de maestría en las artes marciales mixtas requiere de diagnósticos sistemáticos, evidencia alcances y limitaciones y, por ende, la toma de decisiones acertadas para mejorar el proceso. En tal sentido, se planteó como propósito de la investigación: diagnosticar necesidades en la defensa personal sistemática de la Escuela Superior Naval. La Investigación es exploratoria con enfoque descriptivo-explicativo y correlacional; se realiza selección bajo un muestreo intencional de 20 oficiales navales. Estos responden a encuestas cerradas que justificarán el diseño prospectivo de un proceso de intervención a futuro. La autoevaluación de los especialistas demuestra que el 40 % posee una calificación Buena en el dominio de técnicas de karate-do, boxeo y judo y el 30 % una calificación mala. Estos valores indican que son similares durante la aplicación correcta de técnicas de karate-do (45 %: bueno; 15 %: malo), boxeo (65 %: bueno; 0 %: malo) y judo (40 %: bueno; 25 %: malo), mientras que los indicadores pertinencia (4.30 puntos), factibilidad (3.40 puntos), prioridad (4.55 puntos) e integralidad. (4.40 puntos). Estos valores justificaron la necesidad de implementar un proceso de intervención para perfeccionar la defensa personal en marinos. En el estudio, prevalece una concordancia aceptable entre los especialistas (0.526). La consulta a especialistas muestra la necesidad de implementar un proceso de entrenamiento sistemático de defensa personal en la Escuela Superior Naval. Se presentan como positivos los indicadores de pertinencia, factibilidad, prioridad e integralidad, en el diseño de un proceso prospectivo para brindar superación profesional al personal naval ecuatoriano en el aspecto de la defensa personal.

RESUMO A cada ano, há convites para inscrições de jovens candidatos às diversas escolas de treinamento militar, e há certos requisitos para a seleção do pessoal mais qualificado para o acesso a essas instituições. Estes incluem vários requisitos relacionados à condição física. O objetivo da pesquisa é determinar os níveis e diferenças nas condições físicas entre dois grupos independentes de candidatos a exames de admissão a uma escola militar equatoriana. O estudo é descritivo-correlacional com uma abordagem quantitativa, realizado em uma população de (N=40) jovens candidatos a uma Escola de Educação Militar com condições similares. Estes foram classificados em dois grupos independentes com 20 membros cada (LN: Liceo Naval; CNC: Colégio Nacional Conocoto). A aptidão física foi avaliada por meio de três testes do Exército Nacional do Equador. A fim de correlacionar os dados, o teste t de Student paramétrico para amostras independentes (p≤0.05) foi usado para os testes de flexão e extensão de cotovelo e quadril e o teste de resistência a 3219m. Houve diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos avaliados em cada teste (p=0,000), com o grupo candidato LN tendo melhores meios do que o grupo CNC. Especificamente, o Liceo Naval tinha melhores indicadores de capacidade física e, em um sentido geral, foi identificada uma falta de aptidão física nos candidatos das duas escolas independentes, caracterizada por baixos níveis de atividade física. Este aspecto tem um impacto negativo sobre os resultados dos exames de ingresso nas academias militares equatorianas.

ABSTRACT Annually, calls are opened for young applicants to the different military training schools; for this, there are certain requirements for the selection of the most qualified personnel for access to these institutions. Among them, various demands related to physical fitness. The objective of the research is to determine the levels and differences in physical fitness between two independent groups of applicants for entrance tests at an Ecuadorian military school. The study is descriptive-correlational with a quantitative approach, carried out in a population of (N=40) young people aspiring to a Military Educational School with similar fitness. These are classified into two independent groups with 20 members each (LN: Liceo Naval; CNC: Colegio Nacional Conocoto). The physical fitness was evaluated through three tests of the National Army of Ecuador. In order to correlate data, the parametric Student's t test was used for independent samples (p≤0.05) in the elbow and hip flexion and extension tests and the 3219 m endurance test. There were significant differences between the two groups evaluated in each test (p=0.000), which were better means in the group of LN applicants compared to the CNC group. Specifically, the Liceo Naval presented better indicators of physical fitness and, in general, a lack of physical fitness was identified by the applicants of the two independent schools, characterized by low levels of physical activity. This aspect has a negative impact on the results of the admission tests to Ecuadorian military academies.

RESUMEN Anualmente, se abren convocatorias para jóvenes aspirantes a las diferentes escuelas de formación militar; para ello, existen ciertos requisitos para la selección del personal más cualificado para el acceso a estas instituciones. Entre ellos, diversas exigencias relacionadas con la condición física. Se plantea como objetivo de la investigación determinar los niveles y diferencias de la condición física entre dos grupos independientes de aspirantes a pruebas de ingreso de una escuela militar ecuatoriana. El estudio es descriptivo-correlacional con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado en una población de (N=40) jóvenes aspirantes a una Escuela Educativa Militar con una similitud de condiciones. Estos se clasifican en dos grupos independientes con 20 integrantes cada una (LN: Liceo Naval; CNC: Colegio Nacional Conocoto). La condición física fue evaluada mediante tres pruebas del Ejercito Nacional del Ecuador. En función de correlacionar datos, se utilizó la prueba paramétrica t de Student para muestras independientes (p≤0.05) en los test de flexión y extensión de codo y cadera y el test de resistencia en 3219 m. Existieron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos evaluados en cada test (p=0.000), los cuales fueron mejores las medias en el grupo de aspirantes LN frente al grupo CNC. Específicamente, el Liceo Naval presentó mejores indicadores de capacidad física y, en sentido general, se identificó una carencia de condición física por parte de los aspirantes de las dos escuelas independientes, caracterizados por bajos niveles de actividad física. Este aspecto que repercute negativamente en los resultados de las pruebas de ingreso a academias militares ecuatorianas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Health professionals are primarily trained to receive life; therefore, providing care for women with offspring or newborn loss becomes a difficult task, fraught with feelings and emotions. Perinatal death is a complex situation with a strong impact on women-mothers and their families. Objective: To analyze the existing literature regarding studies on the experiences of the nursing personnel in the face of perinatal death. Methods: To carry out the systematic review of the literature, a search was made in the PubMed, EBSCO, CINAHL, Scopus, SciELO and Dianet databases, from February to April 2020. The search terms used were mortinato [stillbirth], muerte perinatal [perinatal death], enfermería [nursing] and experiencias [experiences]. Articles in English and Spanish, published from 2005 to 2020, were included. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart was used as search strategy. As an initial result, 476 articles were obtained, fourteen of which were selected because they met the selection criteria. Conclusions: The experiences of nursing professionals documented in the collected and analyzed studies emphasize the necessity to improve professional training to accompany bereavement, as well as communication and accompaniment strategies. The analyzed researches report contradictory experiences, ranging from considering perinatal losses as difficult situations to deal with, to positive perceptions that describe, as a privilege or honor, accompaniment in these difficult moments for women-mothers and their loved ones.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los profesionales de la salud se encuentran preparados principalmente para recibir vida, por lo cual, brindar cuidados a las mujeres con pérdidas durante la gestación o al inicio de la vida se torna una tarea difícil, cargada de sentimientos y emociones. La muerte perinatal es una situación compleja que tiene un fuerte impacto en las mujeres-madres y en sus familias. Objetivo: Analizar la literatura existente referente a estudios sobre las experiencias del personal de enfermería ante una muerte perinatal. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de la literatura, se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, EBSCO, CINAHL, Scopus, SciELO y Dianet de febrero a abril del 2020. Los términos de búsqueda utilizados fueron “mortinato”, “muerte perinatal”, “enfermería” y “experiencias”. Se incluyeron artículos en idioma inglés y español, publicados de 2005 a 2020. Como estrategia de búsqueda se utilizó el diagrama de flujo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), como resultado inicial se obtuvieron 476 artículos, de los cuales, 14 fueron seleccionados por cumplir los criterios de selección. Conclusiones: Las experiencias de los profesionales de enfermería que documentan los estudios recopilados y analizados enfatizan la necesidad de mejorar la formación profesional para acompañar el duelo, así como las estrategias de comunicación y acompañamiento. Las investigaciones reportan experiencias contradictorias, que van desde considerar las pérdidas perinatales como situaciones difíciles de tratar, hasta percepciones positivas que describen como un privilegio u honor el acompañamiento en esos momentos difíciles para las mujeres-madres y sus seres queridos.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as principais medidas de biossegurança para prevenção da COVID-19 em profissionais de saúde. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura, com estudos publicados entre janeiro e julho de 2020, nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELo, Wiley Online Library, Cochrane CINAHL. A seleção dos estudos seguiu as recomendações da diretriz PRISMA. Resultados: dentre as 2.208 publicações identificadas, 12 estudos compuseram a amostra, os quais possibilitaram a análise em quatro categorias temáticas: A importância do emprego das recomendações acerca do uso dos equipamentos de proteção individual; A reestruturação de novas rotinas e fluxos operacionais e clínicos na prática dos serviços; A realização de monitoramento dos profissionais, em especial a testagem; A realização de treinamentos. Conclusões: os fenômenos envolvidos são inúmeros, abrangendo a gestão operacional e a capacitação das equipes para lidarem com patógenos altamente infecciosos e situações de surtos de doenças.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the main biosafety measures for preventing COVID-19 in healthcare professionals. Methods: this is an integrative literature review, with studies published between January and July 2020, on the MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELo, Wiley Online Library, Cochrane CINAHL databases. The selection of studies followed the PRISMA recommendations. Results: among the 2,208 publications identified, 12 studies comprised the sample, which enabled the analysis in four thematic categories: The importance of using recommendations about the use of personal protective equipment; The restructuring of new operational and clinical routines and flows in the practice of services; Monitoring professionals, especially testing; Conducting training. Conclusions: the phenomena involved are innumerable, covering operational management and the training of teams to deal with highly infectious pathogens and disease outbreaks.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar las principales medidas de bioseguridad para la prevención de COVID-19 en profesionales de la salud. Métodos: revisión integradora de la literatura, con estudios publicados entre enero y julio de 2020, en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELo, Wiley Online Library, Cochrane CINAHL. La selección de los estudios siguió las recomendaciones de la guía PRISMA. Resultados: de las 2.208 publicaciones identificadas, 12 estudios conformaron la muestra, lo que permitió el análisis en cuatro categorías temáticas: la importancia de utilizar recomendaciones sobre el uso de equipos de protección personal; La reestructuración de nuevas rutinas y flujos operativos y clínicos en la práctica de los servicios; Monitoreo de profesionales, especialmente pruebas; Realización de formación. Conclusiones: los fenómenos involucrados son innumerables, abarcando la gestión operativa y la capacitación de equipos para enfrentar patógenos altamente infecciosos y brotes de enfermedades.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar, na literatura, o conhecimento, as atitudes e as práticas de enfermeiros sobre hepatite B. Método: revisão integrativa, com busca e seleção realizadas por pares e de forma independente, após consulta eletrônica às bases de dados CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, BDENF e IBECS em janeiro de 2021. A amostra foi constituída por 15 estudos primários publicados sem restrição temporal ou de idioma. A análise e a síntese dos resultados ocorreram de forma descritiva. Resultados: foram identificadas limitações no conhecimento, atitudes inconsistentes e práticas assistenciais comumente negligenciadas, relacionadas às medidas de prevenção, imunização e biossegurança, ao gerenciamento de risco e monitoramento de sintomas e complicações, que contribuíram para uma maior exposição ocupacional. Dentre os fatores associados, destacaram-se a baixa participação em atividades de educação permanente, o nível de formação, as condições laborais, as limitações na disponibilização de testes de imunização (anti-HBs) e a subnotificação de agravos. Conclusão: o conhecimento, as atitudes e as práticas desenvolvidos por enfermeiros, relacionados à hepatite B, mostraram-se limitados e inconsistentes, podendo resultar na maior exposição ocupacional, assim como impactar diretamente a cobertura vacinal e a ocorrência de incidentes.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze, in the literature, the nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding Hepatitis B. Method: an integrative review, with search and selection conducted independently by peers, after electronic queries in the CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, BDENF and IBECS databases in January 2021. The sample consisted in 15 primary studies published with no time or language restrictions. Analysis and synthesis of the results were carried out in a descriptive manner. Results: limitations in knowledge, inconsistent attitudes and commonly neglected assistance-related practices were identified, related to prevention, immunization and biosafety measures, to risk management and to monitoring of symptoms and complications, which contributed to greater occupational exposure. Among the associated factors, low participation in permanent education activities, training level, working conditions, limitations in the availability of immunization tests (anti-HBs) and underreporting of health problems stood out. Conclusion: the knowledge, attitudes and practices developed by nurses in relation to Hepatitis B proved to be limited and inconsistent, which may result in greater occupational exposure, as well as exert a direct impact on vaccination coverage and occurrence of incidents.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar, en la literatura, los conocimientos, las actitudes y las prácticas de los enfermeros en relación a la Hepatitis B. Método: revisión integradora, en la cual la búsqueda y la selección fueron realizadas por pares y de manera independiente, luego de consultas electrónicas en las siguientes bases de datos: CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, BDENF e IBECS en enero de 2021. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 15 estudios primarios publicados sin restricciones de tiempo o de idioma. El análisis y la síntesis de los resultados se realizaron en forma descriptiva. Resultados: se identificaron limitaciones en el conocimiento, actitudes inconsistentes y prácticas asistenciales comúnmente desatendidas, relacionadas con las medidas de prevención, inmunización y bioseguridad, y con la administración del riesgo y el monitoreo de síntomas y complicaciones, que contribuyeron a una mayor exposición ocupacional. Entre los factores asociados, se destacaron los siguientes: escasa participación en actividades de educación permanente, el nivel de formación, las condiciones laborales, las limitaciones en la disponibilidad de pruebas de inmunización (anti-HBs) y la subnotificación de problemas de salud. Conclusión: los conocimientos, las actitudes y las prácticas desarrolladas por los enfermeros, en relación con la Hepatitis B, demostraron ser limitados e inconsistentes, con la posibilidad de derivar en una mayor exposición ocupacional, al igual que de afectar directamente la cobertura de las vacunas y la frecuencia de incidentes.