Mobiele bystandstelsels (MAS) beloof om die personeeltekorte in die operasiesaal wêreldwyd te oorkom. 'n Literatuuroorsig geïnspireer deur die PRISMA 2020 metode bepaal die stand van die kuns van MAS en identifiseer 'n gebrek aan toepassingsareas vir MAS in die operasieteater. Onderhoude met vakkundiges het ten doel om toepassingsareas vir MAS te ondersoek. Die resultate toon dat die meeste operasionele take na materiaalbestuur en pasiëntbestuur verwys. MAS met die potensiaal om die tyd in materiële en pasiëntbestuur te verminder, sowel as fisiese en geestelike spanning in pasiëntbestuur, het groot potensiaal in die operasieteater.

Mobile assistance systems (MAS) promise to overcome personnel shortages in operating theatres worldwide. A literature review inspired by the PRISMA 2020 method determines the state of the art of MAS, and identifies a lack of application areas for MAS in the operating theatre. Interviews with subject-matter experts aim to investigate application areas for MAS. The results show that most operational tasks refer to material management and patient management. MAS, with their potential to reduce the time needed for material and patient management, and the physical and mental strain of patient management, have great potential in the operating theatre.

Resumen (Introducción): Los altos niveles de degradación ambiental que causan los incendios forestales y su relación con el cambio climático generan grandes preocupaciones en el nivel mundial. En Costa Rica, eventos hidrometereológicos, catalogados como extremos, por su nivel de impacto, como el huracán Otto en 2016 y tormenta tropical Nate en 2017, parecieran haber provocado un cambio en la vegetación y, por consecuencia, en el combustible forestal. (Objetivo): Por tal razón, se analizó la afectación en el aporte de combustible vegetal causado por los eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos, durante el período comprendido entre 1997 y el año 2020, en los sitios Platanares, El Avión y Junquillal, del Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), al noroeste del país. (Metodología): En el estudio se utilizaron datos de ocho índices de vegetación, seleccionados por su representatividad en el crecimiento del bosque, así como verificaciones de campo y recopilación de información proveniente de funcionarios y voluntarios del ACG, para determinar el efecto de los eventos extremos en las características del combustible vegetal y su relación con el manejo del fuego y la adaptación al cambio climático. (Resultados): Los resultados obtenidos indican que la vegetación de los sitios investigados se encuentra en estado de regeneración natural, pero que se halla expuesta a la influencia, cada vez más recurrente, del fenómeno ENOS en sus diferentes fases (Neutral, La Niña, El Niño), así como a eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos (como el huracán Otto, o la tormenta tropical Nate) (Conclusiones): que podrían estar favoreciendo no la cantidad, pero sí la intensidad de los incendios forestales.

Abstract (Introduction): The high levels of environmental degradation caused by forest fires and their relationship with climate change generate great concern worldwide. In Costa Rica, hydrometeorological events classified as extreme due to their level of impact, such as Hurricane Otto in 2016 and Tropical Storm Nate in 2017, seem to have caused a change in the vegetation and consequently with forest fuel. (Objective): For this reason, the impact on the supply of vegetable fuel caused by extreme hydrometeorological events was analyzed, during the period 1997 to 2020, in the Platanares, El Avión and Junquillal sites, of the Guanacaste Conservation Area (ACG) in the northwest of the country. (Methodology): In the study, data from eight vegetation indices were used, selected for their representativeness of forest growth, as well as field verifications and collection of information to official personnel and ACG volunteers, to determine the effect of extreme events in the characteristics of vegetable fuel and its relationship with fire management and adaptation to climate change. (Results): The results obtained indicate that the vegetation of the investigated sites is in a state of natural regeneration but is exposed to the increasingly recurrent influence of the ENSO phenomenon in its different phases (Neutral, La Niña, El Niño), as well as to Extreme hydrometeorological events (such as Hurricane Otto, or Tropical Storm Nate) (Conclusions): that could be favoring not the quantity, but the intensity of forest fires.

Resumo: No sistema educacional da Costa Rica, observa-se um aumento nas opções para o ensino médio; contudo, a diversidade de ofertas e modalidades disponíveis carece de clareza. Neste manuscrito, trabalhamos com diretores de centros educativos, supervisores de circuitos educativos e funcionários administrativos dos escritórios centrais do Ministério da Educação Pública (MEP) da Costa Rica para responder às seguintes questões de pesquisa: Quais os critérios para a mudança ou abertura de modalidades e ofertas educativas no ensino secundário na Costa Rica? Quais os caminhos administrativos e de gestão curricular para aprovação de vagas ou alterações de modalidades e ofertas? e finalmente, como pode ser descrito o processo de gestão de mudanças ou abertura de modalidades ou ofertas do MEP? Foi utilizada uma metodologia descritiva/exploratória, além de entrevistas e de um análise documental. Verificou-se que a partir da gestão curricular e administrativa não existe uma classificação clara destas propostas educacionais nem um percurso único para os processos de abertura, mudança e encerramento destas opções educativas. A gestão administrativa e curricular é complexa, pois envolve diferentes instâncias do MEP, entre as quais nem sempre há coordenação. Existem diversas rotas para a criação, alteração e encerramento de modalidades e ofertas educativas, e o aspecto orçamentário desempenha um papel crucial na aprovação. Essas constatações são discutidas à luz do direito das pessoas a uma educação de qualidade e ao seu pleno desenvolvimento educacional e profissional.

Resumen: En el sistema educativo costarricense, ha existido un crecimiento en las opciones educativas para educación secundaria, sin embargo, no existe claridad sobre las distintas ofertas y modalidades disponibles. En esta investigación realizada en la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, se trabajó con personas directoras de centros educativos, personal administrativo de oficinas centrales del Ministerio de Educación Pública de Costa Rica (MEP) y supervisores de circuitos educativos, para responder las siguientes preguntas de investigación: ¿cuáles son los criterios para el cambio o apertura de modalidades y ofertas educativas en educación media en Costa Rica? ¿Cuáles son las rutas de gestión administrativa y curricular para la aprobación de aperturas o cambios de modalidades y ofertas? Y, por último, ¿cómo se puede describir el proceso de gestión de cambio o apertura de modalidades u ofertas desde el MEP? Para ello, se utilizó una metodología de tipo descriptivo/exploratorio mediante entrevistas y análisis documental. Se encontró que, desde la gestión curricular y administrativa, no hay una clara tipificación de estas propuestas educativas, tampoco existe una única ruta para los procesos de apertura, cambio y cierre de estas opciones educativas. La gestión administrativa y curricular es compleja, pues intervienen distintas instancias del MEP, entre las cuales no siempre hay coordinación, se cuenta con distintas rutas para la creación, cambio y cierre de las modalidades y ofertas educativas, además, el aspecto presupuestario juega un papel clave en la aprobación. Finalmente, se discuten estos hallazgos a la luz del derecho de las personas de tener una educación de calidad, así como su pleno desarrollo educativo y profesional.

Abstract: The Costa Rican educational system has seen an increase in the number of educational options for secondary education; however, there is a lack of clarity regarding the different offerings and modalities available. For this paper, we interviewed school principals, educational circuit supervisors, and administrative personnel from the central offices of the Costa Rican Ministry of Public Education (MEP) to answer the following research questions What are the criteria used to change or introduce educational modalities and offerings in secondary education in Costa Rica? What are the administrative and curricular management processes to approve the introduction or modification of modalities and offerings? And finally, how can we describe the process to introduce changes or new modalities or offerings in the MEP? This study used a descriptive/exploratory methodology, including interviews and documentary analysis. In terms of curricular and administrative management, the study found that there is no clear typification of these educational proposals, nor is there a clear process for the introduction, modification and closure of such educational options. The administrative and curricular management is complex, as it involves different departments within the MEP, which do not always have the necessary coordination, and that there are a number of possible processes to introduce, modify and close educational modalities and offerings, also budgets play a key role in the approval of such proposals. These findings are discussed in the light of the right of individuals to quality education and to fully develop their educational and professional potential.

Resumo Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a sustentabilidade nos hotéis de 5 estrelas do Algarve, determinando como é que comunicam o seu comportamento sustentável nos seus websites, quais são as práticas mais adotadas e os principais motivadores/obstáculos. Foram analisados os websites e motores de reserva dos hotéis. E um questionário foi usado para recolher informações sobre as suas práticas sustentáveis. É possível perceber um pouco de comunicação sustentável nos sites desses hotéis. Essa percentagem é superior no motor Booking.com, um canal mais competitivo. As principais áreas de intervenção são a gestão de energia, gestão de água/resíduos e responsabilidade social. A maioria das práticas implementadas são as menos dispendiosas. E os principais impulsionadores são a responsabilidade ambiental, visão estratégica e ganho de eficiência. Embora o principal obstáculo referido seja o custo do investimento, a falta de pessoal qualificado e questões técnicas são outros constrangimentos. A dimensão “mais fraca” da tríade da sustentabilidade é a social (com resultados menores). E a mais limitante para se avançar na área é a económica, pela perceção de custos associados. O crescimento de novos negócios e empregos na área, bem como o uso de um relatório padronizado e de certificação, poderá superar os entraves.

Abstract This work aims to analyze sustainability in 5-star hotels in Algarve, determining how they communicate their sustainable behavior on their websites, what are the most adopted practices and the main motivators/obstacles. Hotel websites and booking engines were analyzed. And a questionnaire was used to gather information about their sustainable practices. It is possible to notice a bit of sustainable communication on the sites of these hotels. This percentage is higher in the Booking.com engine, a more competitive channel. The main areas of intervention are energy management, water/waste management and social responsibility. Most of the implemented practices are the least expensive. And the main drivers are environmental responsibility, strategic vision and efficiency gains. Although the main obstacle referred to is the investment cost, the lack of qualified personnel and technical issues are other constraints. The “weakest” dimension of the sustainability triad is social (with lower results). And the most limiting to develop the area is the economic one, due to the perception of associated costs. The growth of new businesses and jobs in the area, as well as the use of standardized reporting and certification, could overcome the barriers.

RESUMEN En este artículo se analizan los resultados de la primera etapa de un proyecto de innovación social cuyo objetivo central consistió en favorecer la empleabilidad de las mujeres víctimas de violencia de género egresadas de los programas del Servicio Nacional de la Mujer y Equidad de Género (SernamEG) de la Región de la Araucanía, sur de Chile. Dieciséis empresas participaron de una encuesta estructurada e inspirada en la norma chilena NCh 3262-2012, que regula el Sistema de Gestión de Igualdad de Género y Conciliación de la Vida Laboral, Familiar y Personal. Los resultados sugieren que las empresas son lideradas por hombres, están integrada por personal que apenas cuenta con formación y/o sensibilización sobre violencia de género, suelen reproducir los roles de género y cuentan con ínfimo interés en implementar políticas de igualdad de género en el ámbito organizacional, incluidas aquí las direccionadas a la inserción de las mujeres víctimas de violencia por parte del compañero o ex compañero íntimo. La investigación demuestra que hay que seguir trabajando para que las empresas asuman - dentro del abordaje integral - su rol como multiplicadoras del derecho a una vida libre de violencia de género.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the results of the first stage of a social innovation project whose main objective was to promote the employability of women victims of gender-based violence who finished a SernamEG programs in the Araucanía Region, southern Chile. Sixteen companies participated in a structured survey inspired on NCh3262-2012, which regulates the Gender Equality and Work-Life Balance Management System. The results suggest that the companies are led by men, are composed of personnel with little training and/or awareness of gender violence, tend to reproduce gender roles and have little interest in implementing gender equality policies in the organizational environment, including those aimed at the inclusion of women who have suffered violence by a partner or former intimate partner. The research show that it is necessary to continue working so that companies assume - within the integral approach - their role as multipliers of the right to a life free of gender violence.

Abstract Objective To describe the prevalence of newly graduated nurses as second victims of adverse events and to know the conditions of support received in health institutions. Methods Cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative study. The population consisted of newly graduated nurses who agreed to answer the online questionnaire with questions related to being hired at the institution, involvement in adverse events and management of the second victim condition. Contacted was by email, intermediated by the Regional Nursing Council of São Paulo. Descriptive data analysis and the test of equality of proportions were performed. Results The final sample consisted of 138 nurses, 54.3% were unaware of the term ‘second victim’, 44.9% were unaware of the existence of institutional protocols for emotional support to professionals and 26.8% were involved in adverse events. Of these, 94.6% presented emotional distress, frustration, guilt, sadness, stress, inability, embarrassment and insecurity to perform their duties at work as an outcome of the event; 59.5% received some type of support and 21.6% received institutional punishment. Conclusion The prevalence of newly graduated nurses involved in adverse events was 26.8%, and among those who experienced this incident, the majority presented negative feelings and insecurity in performing their work as an outcome. After the event, most of the time, the support received came from work colleagues and significant others. Regarding institutional support, the need for programs for emotional support is also highlighted, so that these professionals can overcome when finding themselves in the place of the second victim.

Resumen Objetivo Describir la prevalencia de enfermeros recién graduados como segundas víctimas de eventos adversos y conocer las condiciones de apoyo recibidas en las instituciones de salud. Métodos Estudio transversal, descriptivo y de enfoque cuantitativo, cuya población estuvo compuesta por enfermeros recién graduados, que aceptaron responder un cuestionario digital con preguntas relacionadas con la admisión en la institución, la participación en eventos adversos y la gestión de la condición de segunda víctima, contactados por correo electrónico e intermediado por el Consejo Regional de Enfermería de São Paulo. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo de los datos y prueba de igualdad de proporciones. Resultados La muestra final fue de 138 enfermeros. El 54,3 % desconocía el término segunda víctima, el 44,9 % desconocía la existencia de protocolos institucionales para apoyo emocional a profesionales y el 26,8 % estuvo involucrado en eventos adversos. De estos, el 94,6 % presentó, como consecuencia del evento, sufrimiento emocional, frustración, culpa, tristeza, estrés, incapacidad, vergüenza e inseguridad para realizar sus funciones en el trabajo; el 59,5 % recibió algún tipo de apoyo, y el 21,6 % recibió sanción institucional. Conclusión La prevalencia de enfermeros recién graduados involucrados en eventos adversos fue del 26,8 % y, de los que pasaron por estos incidentes, la mayoría presentó, como consecuencia, sentimientos negativos y de inseguridad en la conducción de su trabajo. Después del evento, el apoyo recibido, la mayoría de las veces, surgió de compañeros de trabajo y personas importantes. Respecto al apoyo institucional, también se observa la necesidad de programas para apoyo emocional para que estos profesionales se sobrepongan cuando se encuentren en condición de segunda víctima.

Resumo Objetivo Descrever a prevalência de enfermeiros recém-formados como segundas vítimas de eventos adversos e conhecer as condições de apoio recebidas nas instituições de saúde. Métodos Estudo transversal, descritivo e de abordagem quantitativa, cuja população foi constituída por enfermeiros recém-formados, que aceitaram responder ao questionário online, com perguntas relacionadas à admissão na instituição, envolvimento em eventos adversos e gerenciamento da condição de segunda vítima, contatados por e-mail, intermediado pelo Conselho Regional de Enfermagem de São Paulo. Foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados e teste de igualdade de proporções. Resultados A amostra final foi de 138 enfermeiros, 54,3% desconheciam o termo segunda vítima, 44,9% desconheciam a existência de protocolos institucionais para apoio emocional aos profissionais e 26,8% estiveram envolvidos em eventos adversos. Destes, 94,6% apresentaram como desfecho diante do evento o sofrimento emocional, frustração, culpa, tristeza, estresse, incapacidade, constrangimento e insegurança para realizar suas funções no trabalho; 59,5% receberam algum tipo de apoio e 21,6% receberam punição institucional. Conclusão A prevalência de enfermeiros recém-formados envolvidos em eventos adversos foi de 26,8%, e, entre os que vivenciaram esse incidente, a maioria apresentou como desfecho, sentimentos negativos e de insegurança na condução do trabalho. Após o evento, o apoio recebido partiu, na maioria das vezes, de colegas de trabalho e pessoas significativas, e, quanto ao apoio institucional, destaca-se ainda a necessidade de programas para suporte emocional, a fim de que esses profissionais superem quando se encontram na condição de segunda vítima.

ORIENTATION: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, organisations, including higher education institutions, had to shift their thinking regarding traditional work models to new ones conducive to the lockdown RESEARCH PURPOSE: This study investigated employees' levels of engagement during work-from-home (WFH) within a private higher education institution in South Africa in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: While some studies have looked at the effect of WFH on employee engagement, few studies could be located that look at this phenomenon within a private higher education setting RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: This study adopted the positivistic research paradigm using a quantitative research approach. The target population included 133 personnel. Total population sampling was used, and the data were collected by administering an online survey using the 17-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), independent sample t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and effect sizes were used to analyse the data. A satisfactory response rate of 79% was realised MAIN FINDINGS: The study found that despite the difficulties and anxieties brought about by the radical shifts to WFH, the personnel could still thrive and show high levels of engagement. This was attributed to positive drivers of engagement such as autonomy, psychosocial safety, convenience, social union, and most importantly, organisational support PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: Work-from-home is regarded as a viable work arrangement for the foreseeable future. Private higher education should take note of the suggestions put forward to improve, sustain and manage employee engagement successfully CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: This study contributes to the body of knowledge surrounding employee engagement in the WFH context within the private higher education sphere

BACKGROUND: In South Africa, the sharp rise in people with severe illness because of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in early 2020, meant that health systems needed to adapt services and operations, including rehabilitation services. Important insights into the lived experiences of rehabilitation personnel enacting these adaptations in an African context are limited OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of rehabilitation practitioners working in the public sector in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic METHOD: A phenomenological approach and a duo-ethnographic design were used. A recruitment letter was circulated requesting volunteers. Maximum variation sampling was used to select the 12 participants of this study. Data were collected through interviews via Zoom, and critical conversations were facilitated by a non-rehabilitation partner who is known for challenging health inequities. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed through elements of qualitative content and thematic analysis. Data were coded, categorised, clustered into concepts and formulated into themes RESULTS: Three themes were identified: (1) 'Management became the enemy', (2) 'Tired of being resilient' and (3) 'Think out of the box…think on our feet' CONCLUSION: The results of this study highlighted new ways of practice, innovative adaptations, and usage of resources and platforms CONTRIBUTION: This study highlights the re-imagining of accessible rehabilitation services that could lead to deeper onto-epistemological shifts amongst the rehabilitation practitioners

BACKGROUND: Pharmacy professionals working in community pharmacies frequently provide pharmacist-initiated therapy, including codeine-containing medicines. Codeine is an opioid with great potential for misuse, adding to the global opioid epidemic burden. Professional pharmacy personnel are the first intervention point in relation to management of codeine use. This study highlights the importance of pharmacy professionals' perceptions and behaviours in combatting the opioid epidemic METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Simple random sampling included pharmacy professionals in the metropolitan city of Johannesburg. An electronic questionnaire was distributed via e-mail and data analysed descriptively RESULTS: Findings indicate that pharmacy personnel routinely ask patients about codeine use (n = 48; 53.9%), avoid dispensing over-the-counter (OTC) codeine as an initial treatment (n = 61; 69%) and express confidence to identify and manage codeine misuse (n = 69; 77.5%). Despite this, increased patient demands for OTC codeine (n = 69; 77.5%) were concerning, highlighting the ease of availability from internet sources (n = 76; 85.4%) and multiple pharmacies (n = 84; 94.4%). Apprehension about the lack of patient awareness on adverse health consequences (n = 66; 74.2%) and the risk of codeine dependence (n = 79; 88.8%) was expressed CONCLUSION: Growing concern regarding availability and accessibility of codeine-containing medicines within the community pharmacy sector is highlighted. Adverse health consequences of codeine misuse and dependence are not understood by customers and the ineffective information provided by pharmacy personnel was highlighted as a concern CONTRIBUTION: The results of this study give insight to the influence of dispensing personnel's attitude towards the growing challenges with respect to codeine containing medication abuse

Resumen Este artículo analiza, en clave weberiana y de autonomía, la estructura burocrática de la Comisión de Tránsito del Ecuador (CTE), institución que supervisa la gestión y seguridad del transporte. El estudio emplea herramientas de medición estructural diseñadas por Peter Evans y James Rauch. La medición del rendimiento burocrático, a partir de los índices de carrera, salario y merito, sugiere que la CTE tiene una buena capacidad institucional (8,17/10,0 puntos). No obstante, su autonomía institucional es baja y es una institución permeable, en lo político, frente a la intervención de diferentes actores estatales del Poder Ejecutivo y municipal. El rendimiento burocrático está mediado también por la desactualizada Ley de Personal del Cuerpo de Vigilancia (1970) y la atención en antiguas estructuras institucionales. Por último, los funcionarios perciben que la CTE no impulsa políticas que sostengan un sector estratégico para la economía nacional como el transporte, aunque tendría capacidad para hacerlo.

Abstract This article analyses the bureaucratic structure of the Ecuadorian Transit Commission (CTE), an institution that oversees transport management and safety, in a Weberian and autonomy-based approach. The study employs structural measurement tools designed by Peter Evans and James Rauch. The assessment of bureaucratic performance, based on career, salary and merit indices, suggests that the CTE has good institutional capacity (8.17/10.0 points). However, its institutional autonomy is low and is an institution that is politically permeable to the intervention of different state actors from the executive and municipal branches. In addition, the Law on Surveillance Corps Personnel (1970) and the focus on old institutional structures affect bureaucratic performance. Finally, civil servants perceive that the CTE does not promote policies that support a strategic sector for the national economy, such as transport, although it arguably can do so.

ABSTRACT This work has as a problem the study of the strategic guidelines of agro-livestock entrepreneurship of the Central Chaco. The Methodology used in this work has had a qualitative-quantitative approach, with a descriptive scope, applying in-depth interviews to a total of ten managers of agricultural farms. The main activity is the production of bovine meat. 47% of the farms are used for pasture, 2% for agricultural cultivation and 2% for infrastructure, the space dedicated to Forest represents 49%. The most appropriate strategies to achieve a greater development include applying adequate records to measure and control the development of the animals in order to deliver animals with a better record of weight in an appropriate season of sale. Apply a vaccination plan to avoid diseases in cattle. Weed control is required due to its implication in the diet of the animals and therefore their weight gain, which is why it is necessary to have a soil management plan. The construction of water and food reservoirs is necessary to mitigate the action of the climate. Finally, the training of personnel is an aspect that is required for a better management of plots, water and food. More than formal training, participation in talks held by state or private entities that offer technical assistance would be sought.

RESUMEN Este trabajo tiene como problemática el estudio de los lineamientos estratégicos de emprendimiento agro ganaderos del Chaco Central. La Metodología utilizada en este trabajo ha tenido un enfoque cuali-cuantitativo, con un alcance exploratorio, aplicando entrevistas en profundidad a un total de diez encargados de las fincas agropecuarias. La principal actividad es la producción carne bovina. EL 47% de las fincas es destinado a la pastura, 2% a cultivo agrícola y 2% a la infraestructura, el espacio dedicado a Bosque representa el 49%. Las estrategias más adecuadas para lograr un mayor desarrollo incluyen aplicar registros adecuados para medir y contralar el desarrollo de los animales a fin de entregar animales con mejor registro de peso en una época de venta adecuada. Aplicar un plan de vacunaciones para evitar enfermedades en el ganado. Se requiere el control de malezas por su implicancia en la dieta de los animales y por ende su ganancia de peso, por ello es necesario contar con un plan de manejo del suelo. Se hace necesaria la construcción de reservorios de agua y alimentos para mitigar la acción del clima. Por último, la capacitación del personal es un aspecto que se impone para un mejor manejo de las parcelas, del agua y el alimento. Más que una capacitación formal se buscaría la participación de charlas realizadas por entes estatales o privados que ofrezcan asistencia técnica.

ABSTRACT This study aim to analyze the performance of the Amplified Family Health Nucleus and Primary Care (Nasf-AB) from the perspective of the technical-pedagogical dimension, based on the contextual levels defined by Hind, Chaves and Cypress (1992). Conducted from 2016 to 2017, this is a multiple case study, carried out in three municipalities belonging to the health macro-region of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. Information sources were documentary data (activity planning reports and photographic records), observation of the Nasf work process, following a structured script, and six focus groups with the Family Health (eSF) and Nasf teams. There was the need to reorganize the work management of teams, in order to overcome challenges such as communication and recognition of their roles, in order to improve the operationalization of actions, with the aim of strengthening integration and making progress in the construction of resolutive and quality policies and services.

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a atuação dos Núcleos Ampliados de Saúde da Família e da Atenção Básica (Nasf-AB) na perspectiva da dimensão técnico-pedagógica, a partir dos níveis contextuais definidos por Hinds, Chaves e Cypress. Desenvolvido de 2016 a 2017, trata-se de estudo de casos múltiplos, realizado em três municípios pertencentes à macrorregião de saúde de Sobral, Ceará, Brasil. Teve como fontes de informação dados documentais (relatórios de planejamento de atividades e registros fotográficos), observação do processo de trabalho do Nasf, seguindo roteiro estruturado, e seis grupos focais com equipes de Saúde da Família (eSF) e Nasf. Verificou-se a necessidade de reorganização da gestão do trabalho das equipes, a fim de superar desafios como comunicação e reconhecimento dos seus papéis, de forma a melhorar a operacionalização das ações, objetivando fortalecer a integração e avançar na construção de políticas e serviços resolutivos e de qualidade.

RESUMEN Introducción: el liderazgo transformacional crea un entorno laboral satisfactorio y de motivación que impulsa los procesos de cambio e innovación en una organización, lo que también se evidenció durante la pandemia de COVID-19; el personal de salud fue el que, con valentía, enfrentó y asumió este rol y este reto. Objetivos: conocer la importancia del liderazgo transformacional en la gestión hospitalaria, analizar la capacidad de respuesta de la organización según requerimientos de su gestión hospitalaria y diagnosticar la satisfacción del personal de salud en su área laboral. Métodos: revisión sistemática de trabajos publicados entre los años 2016 y 2021, la búsqueda fue realizada en artículos con indexación en Scielo, Scopus, Science Direct, Latindex y otros. Se aplicaron criterios de exclusión e inclusión. Conclusiones: el análisis de los artículos seleccionados permitió hallar diferentes enfoques y determinar que el liderazgo es de importancia en la gestión y en la toma de decisiones de modo estratégico para la mejora hospitalaria, tanto para el personal como para quienes reciben el servicio de atención.

ABSTRACT Introduction: transformational leadership creates a satisfactory and motivational work environment that drives the processes of change and innovation in an organization, which was also evidenced during the COVID-19 pandemic; it was the health personnel who bravely faced and assumed this role and challenge. Objectives: to know the importance of transformational leadership in hospital management, to analyze the organization's response capacity according to the requirements of its hospital management and to diagnose the satisfaction of health personnel in their work area. Methods: systematic review of papers published between 2016 and 2021, the search was performed in articles with indexing in Scielo, Scopus, Science Direct, Latindex and others. Exclusion and inclusion criteria were applied. Conclusions: the analysis of the selected articles allowed finding different approaches and determining that leadership is of importance in management and decision making in a strategic way for hospital improvement both for the staff and for those who receive the care service.

Mobile assistance systems (MAS) promise to overcome personnel shortages in operating theatres worldwide. A literature review inspired by the PRISMA 2020 method determines the state of the art of MAS, and identifies a lack of application areas for MAS in the operating theatre. Interviews with subject-matter experts aim to investigate application areas for MAS. The results show that most operational tasks refer to material management and patient management. MAS, with their potential to reduce the time needed for material and patient management, and the physical and mental strain of patient management, have great potential in the operating theatre.

Mobiele bystandstelsels (MAS) beloof om die personeeltekorte in die operasiesaal wêreldwyd te oorkom. 'n Literatuuroorsig geïnspireer deur die PRISMA 2020 metode bepaal die stand van die kuns van MAS en identifiseer 'n gebrek aan toepassingsareas vir MAS in die operasieteater. Onderhoude met vakkundiges het ten doel om toepassingsareas vir MAS te ondersoek. Die resultate toon dat die meeste operasionele take na materiaalbestuur en pasiëntbestuur verwys. MAS met die potensiaal om die tyd in materiële en pasiëntbestuur te verminder, sowel as fisiese en geestelike spanning in pasiëntbestuur, het groot potensiaal in die operasieteater.

Abstract The objective of the present work is to analyze the perceptions of the students in relation to the types of transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership, to determine the type of leadership that prevails in an academic unit of higher education at the Instituto Politécnico Nacional of Mexico. A quantitative study was carried out using a non-probabilistic sample, where 796 students from six academic programs participated. The data was obtained through the CELID questionnaire and was analyzed using the SPSS software; exploratory factorial analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis test were applied. It was found that the most prevalent leadership in the academic unit was laissez-faire, followed by transactional leadership and, finally, transformational. Additionally, in relation to transformational leadership, young people gave low marks to pride, respect and trust towards the work of management personnel. Likewise, there was evidence of insufficient training, lack of motivation and, therefore, a very low culture related to success. In turn, in relation to transactional leadership, it was evidenced that the authorities avoid making changes to what is established. Regarding laissez-faire leadership, deficiencies were found in communication and in the ways to locate managers. It is concluded that it is necessary to implement actions to increase the credibility and confidence in the leaders of that academic unit, together with the development of intensive training programs for leaders for future management.

Resumo O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar as percepções dos alunos em relação aos tipos de liderança transformacional, transacional e laissez-faire para determinar o que prevalece em uma unidade acadêmica de ensino superior do Instituto Politécnico Nacional do México. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo quantitativo no qual foi utilizada uma amostragem não probabilística, onde participaram 796 alunos de seis programas acadêmicos. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do questionário CELID e analisados por meio do software SPSS; Além disso, foi aplicada a análise fatorial exploratória e o teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Constatou-se que a liderança mais prevalente na unidade acadêmica foi a laissez-faire, seguida da transacional e transformacional. Além do anterior, em relação à liderança transformacional, os jovens atribuíram notas baixas ao orgulho, respeito e confiança no trabalho do pessoal de gestão. Da mesma forma, foram evidenciados treinamento insuficiente, falta de motivação e, portanto, baixíssima cultura relacionada ao sucesso. Em relação à liderança transacional, evidenciou-se que as autoridades evitam fazer mudanças no que está estabelecido, enquanto em relação à liderança laissez-faire, foram encontradas deficiências na comunicação e nas formas de localizar os gestores. Conclui-se, portanto, que é necessário implementar ações para aumentar a credibilidade e confiança nos líderes da referida unidade acadêmica, juntamente com o desenvolvimento de programas intensivos de treinamento de líderes para futuras equipes de gestão.

Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las percepciones de estudiantes en relación con los tipos de liderazgo transformacional, transaccional y laissez-faire para determinar el que prevalece en una unidad académica de enseñanza superior del Instituto Politécnico Nacional de México. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo en el que empleó un muestreo no probabilístico, donde participaron 796 estudiantes de seis programas académicos. Los datos se obtuvieron por medio del cuestionario CELID y fueron analizados mediante el software SPSS; además, se aplicó análisis factorial exploratorio y la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. Se encontró que el liderazgo con mayor prevalencia en la unidad académica fue el laissez-faire, seguido del transaccional y del transformacional. Aunado a lo anterior, en relación con el liderazgo transformacional, los jóvenes dieron calificaciones bajas al orgullo, el respeto y la confianza hacia el trabajo del personal directivo. Asimismo, se evidenció una insuficiente capacitación, carencia en la motivación y, por ende, muy baja cultura relacionada con el éxito. En cuanto al liderazgo transaccional, se evidenció que las autoridades evitan realizar cambios en lo establecido, mientras que en lo relacionado con el liderazgo laissez-faire se encontraron carencias en la comunicación y en las formas de localizar a los directivos. Se concluye, por tanto, que es necesario implementar acciones para incrementar la credibilidad y confianza en los líderes de dicha unidad académica, aunado al desarrollo de programas intensivos de formación y capacitación de líderes para los futuros cuadros directivos. Palabras claves: estilos de liderazgo, instituciones de educación superior, estudiantes, directivos, seguidores.