Abstract: Introduction: Advanced activities of daily living (A-ADLs) are an important indicator of adult functional status and active aging. However, few studies have investigated the influence of two personality attributes (openness to experience and resilience) on A ADLs, and there is no data in the Argentine context. The relationship between A-ADLs and openness and resilience were analyzed, and secondarily the relationship between openness and resilience was examined. Methods: 151 Argentineans (M age = 66) were evaluated with the Scale of Expansive Activities of Daily Life, the IPIP-NEO Personality Inventory and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale. Partial correlations and regression were carried out, controlling for age and education. Results: there were significant (moderate) correlations between all the variables of interest: openness, resilience and A-ADLs. The measures of resilience, openness and education explain 21 % of the variation in the A-ADLs score. Resilience was the variable that most influenced A-ADLs. Conclusion: a personality with more resilience and openness is associated with greater achievement of A-ADLs in Argentines ≥ 50 years old. It is suggested that the Argentine state implement public policies that promote recreational activity and social integration in older and middle age.

Resumo: Introdução: as atividades da vida diária avançadas (AVD-A) são um importante indicador do estado funcional adulto e do envelhecimento ativo. No entanto, poucos estudos investigaram a influência de dois atributos de personalidade (abertura a novas experiências e resiliência) sobre o AVD-A e não há dados no contexto argentino. Foi analisada a relação entre AVD-A, abertura e resiliência, e secundariamente foi examinada a relação entre abertura e resiliência. Materiais e métodos: foram avaliados 151 argentinos (M idade = 66 anos) com a Escala de Atividades Expansivas da Vida Diária, o Inventário de Personalidade IPIP-NEO e a Escala Breve de Enfrentamento Resiliente. Foram realizadas correlações parciais e regressão, controlando por idade e educação. Resultados: Foram encontradas correlações significativas (moderadas) entre todas as variáveis de interesse: abertura, resiliência e AVD A. As medidas de resiliência, abertura e escolaridade explicam 21 % da variância da pontuação do AVD-A. A resiliência foi a variável que mais influenciou o AVD-A. Conclusão: uma personalidade com maior resiliência e abertura está associada a maior realização de AVD-A em argentinos ≥ 50 anos. Sugere-se que o Estado argentino implemente políticas públicas que promovam a atividade recreativa e a integração social na meia-idade e terceira idade.

Resumen: Introducción: las actividades de la vida diaria avanzadas (AVD-A) son un importante indicador del estado funcional adulto y del envejecimiento activo. Sin embargo, pocos estudios investigaron la influencia de dos atributos de personalidad (apertura a nuevas experiencias y resiliencia) sobre las AVD-A y hasta donde se tiene conocimiento no hay datos en contexto argentino. Se analizó la relación de AVD-A con apertura y resiliencia, y secundariamente se examinó la relación entre apertura y resiliencia. Materiales y métodos: fueron evaluados 151 argentinos (M edad = 66) con la Escala de Actividades Expansivas de la Vida Diaria, el Inventario de Personalidad IPIP-NEO y la Escala Breve de Afrontamiento Resiliente. Se efectuaron correlaciones parciales y regresión, controlando por edad y educación. Resultados: se hallaron correlaciones significativas (moderadas) entre todas las variables de interés: apertura, resiliencia y AVD-A. Las medidas de resiliencia, apertura y educación explicaron el 21 % de la varianza del score de AVD-A. La resiliencia fue la variable que más influyó sobre las AVD-A. Conclusión: una personalidad con más resiliencia y apertura está asociada a mayor realización de AVD A en argentinos ≥ 50 años. Se sugiere al Estado argentino implementar políticas públicas que promuevan la actividad recreativa e integración social en mediana y tercera edad.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this article is to explore how typographic strategies can reflect a brand's personality across different industrial sectors through a literature review and qualitative analysis. The research highlights the crucial role of typography in creating a strong and coherent visual identity. It analyzes the use of typefaces in sectors such as finance, technology, food, and fashion, identifying key characteristics in typeface selection for each sector. The findings reveal that in the financial sector, sans serif typefaces dominate due to their simplicity and professionalism, while in the technology sector, they are appreciated for their modernity and readability. In the food sector, typography evokes sensations: script fonts convey freshness and approachability, while sans serif fonts generate perceptions of acidity or sweetness depending on their terminals. In the fashion sector, both serif and sans serif fonts aim to project an image of elegance and exclusivity. The research will conclude that effective typographic management, based on both technical and emotional principles, is essential for achieving a strong and competitive visual identity.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este artículo es explorar cómo las estrategias tipográficas pueden reflejar la personalidad de una marca en diferentes sectores industriales, mediante una revisión bibliográfica y un análisis cualitativo. La investigación destaca el papel crucial de la tipografía en la creación de una identidad visual sólida y coherente. Se analiza el uso de tipografías en sectores tales como el financiero, tecnológico, alimenticio y de moda, identificando características clave en la elección de tipografías para cada sector. Los resultados muestran que, en el sector financiero, las tipografías sans serif predominan, por su simplicidad y profesionalismo, mientras que en el sector tecnológico se valoran por su modernidad y legibilidad. En el sector alimentario, la tipografía evoca sensaciones: las scripts transmiten frescura y cercanía, mientras que las sans serif generan percepciones de acidez o dulzura, según sus terminales. Y, en el sector de la moda, tanto las fuentes serif como las sans serif buscan transmitir una imagen de elegancia y exclusividad. La investigación concluirá que una gestión tipográfica adecuada, basada en principios técnicos y emocionales, resulta esencial para lograr una identidad visual efectiva y competitiva.

This study investigates the role of lecturer personality on student performance. Lecturer personality is considered to be an important factor in determining the quality of the teaching and learning experience for both students and lecturers. It is suggested that a lecturer's personality can have a major impact on the way students learn, as well as their overall learning experience. The focus of this article will be on a selected lecturer from a selected South African higher education institution (HEI). This study explores the effects of this lecturer's personality on their student's performance. It examines the factors that contribute to the student's success to becoming a junior lecturer, led by the lecturer's modelling of professionalism, enthusiasm, passion, accessibility and approachability, amongst other factors. To accelerate the conceptual debates of this article, qualitative research methodology is employed alongside the Social Cognitive Theory. Scholars note that there is a reciprocal effect between personal, environmental and behaviour factors that affect learning outcomes. This is the reason why this theory is employed in this research about the personality of this lecturer. Consequently, findings are that positive personality traits of a lecturer model good behaviour and encourage good performance towards students.

INTRODUCTION: Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a complex and controversial psychiatric condition characterised by the presence of two or more distinct identities, personality states, or identities that recurrently take control of an individual's behaviour. The identities or personality states may have distinct characteristics, memories, and behaviours, making identifying and differentiating them challenging. We describe a complex case that presented diagnostic challenges because of the fluctuations in psychiatric presentations associated with DID, and we outline a multidisciplinary and biopsychosocial intervention. PATIENT PRESENTATION: A 15-year-old transgender female presented with psychosis, suicidal ideation, a history of self-harm and aggressive behaviour, and panic attacks. She had a diary with excerpts that she could not remember writing and a history of forgetting certain parts of her day. She displayed extreme variations of psychiatric presentations, including depression, mania, panic, and aggression. MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME: The patient's alters were individually treated based on their psychiatric presentation and theme. Management followed the phased approach of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation (ISSTD guidelines), which included establishing safety and symptom reduction, integration of traumatic memories and identity as well as rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: In this case report, we present an adolescent with a myriad of psychiatric presentations and describe her management. We summarise key difficulties that a clinician can encounter in diagnosing DID. CONTRIBUTION: We bring awareness to the complexity of this diagnosis. Lastly, we propose an Multidisciplinary team (MDT) biopsychosocial approach that helps to manage the condition.

ORIENTATION: Transforming public service delivery is crucial for the South African government. Emotional labour (EL), managing emotions during client interactions, is essential in service centres RESEARCH PURPOSE: This study examined the relationship between EL, burnout and work engagement (WE) amongst service centre employees in a South African government organisation MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: South African government organisations, as sole service providers, require employees to deliver 'service with a smile'. This increases mental workload and job stressors, leading to negative responses among service centre employees RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: Cross-sectional, correlational and nonexperimental quantitative research design was used. The sample consisted of service centre employees in a government organisation MAIN FINDINGS: The main findings indicated a positive correlation between EL and burnout, a negative correlation between burnout and work engagement and a negative correlation between EL and work engagement. These findings imply that higher EL leads to increased burnout, and reduces work engagement levels PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: Training on emotional regulation techniques could assist employees with effective emotional management, thereby reducing the negative impact of surface acting on mental well-being. Additionally, it is recommended that the organisation should focus on person-environment fit and personality traits during recruitment to minimise emotional dissonance and burnout amongst employees CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: This study is the first of its kind in the South African government organisation and provides insight into the relationship between EL, burnout and work engagement of client service employees

Resumo: A genética é um fator que influencia o temperamento dos animais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar vacas holandesas de linhagens neozelandesas (NZ) e norte-americanas (NA) quanto à reatividade avaliada por meio de três testes de temperamento. Foram avaliadas 120 vacas da Unidade Experimental do Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA, Uruguai) de 4 grupos genéticos: NZ ou NA, mantidas sob duas estratégias alimentares: pastejo máximo ou pastejo fixo. A reatividade na ordenha (RO), a velocidade de fuga e a distância de fuga (DF) foram avaliadas em dois períodos (107,5 ± 30,3 e 173,8 ± 32,1 dias de lactação). A média das repetições por animal foi utilizada como variável dependente em modelos lineares gerais que incluíram a genética (NZ ou NA), ordem do parto (primíparas ou multíparas), estratégia alimentar (pastejo máximo ou pastejo fixo), e suas interações como efeitos fixos. Houve interação entre grupo genético e ordem do parto para RO. As diferenças entre vacas NZ e NA foram observadas apenas em multíparas, sendo que vacas NZ apresentaram valores maiores (2,93 ± 1,18) que as vacas NA (2,00 ± 0,90) (P=0,0004). As vacas NZ tiveram maior DF (4,2 ± 1,3 m) que as vacas NA (3,7 ± 1,1 m, P=0,03). A estratégia alimentar não teve efeito nas respostas dos testes. Conclui-se que a origem genética influenciou a reatividade nos testes de temperamento de RO e DF. As vacas NZ foram mais reativas ao homem e à ordenha do que as vacas NA, porém as diferenças na reatividade à ordenha foram observadas apenas em vacas multíparas.

Abstract: Genetics is a factor that influences the dairy cows’ temperament. The objective of the present study was to compare the responses to different temperament tests of New Zealand (NZ) and North American (NA) Holstein cows maintained in two different feeding strategies. A total of 120 cows from the Experimental dairy farm of the National Agricultural and Livestock Research Institute (in Spanish, INIA, Uruguay) were grouped into two Holstein strains: NZ or NA, and two feeding strategies: Grass Maximum or Grass Fixed. Milking reactivity (MR), Flight speed and Distance (FD) were assessed in two periods (107.5 ± 30.3 and 173.8 ± 32.1 days in milk). The averages of these repetitions were used in general linear models with Holstein strains (NZ vs. NA), parity (primiparous vs. multiparous), feeding system (Grass Maximum vs. Grass Fixed), and all two-factor interactions as fixed effects. For MR, there was an interaction between strains and parity. The difference between NZ and NA was observed only for multiparous cows, with higher MR in NZ (2.93 ± 1.18) than in NA (2.00 ± 0.90) (P=0.0004). The NZ cows had longer FD (4.2 ± 1.3 m) than NA cows (3.7 ± 1.1 m) (P=0.03). Feeding system did not affect the cow’s reactivity. In conclusion, dairy Holstein cows’ genetic strain was a factor related to MR and FD tests. In the milking parlor, multiparous NZ cows were more reactive than NA, which did not happen for the primiparous ones. The NZ cows were more reactive to humans than NA in the paddock, exhibiting longer flight distances.

Resumen: La genética es un factor que influye en el temperamento animal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la respuesta a tres pruebas de temperamento de vacas Holando neozelandesas (NZ) y norteamericanas (NA) bajo dos estrategias de alimentación. Ciento veinte vacas de la Unidad Experimental del Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA, Uruguay) fueron agrupadas en una combinación de dos orígenes genéticos: NZ o NA, con dos estrategias de alimentación: Máximo pasto o Pasto fijo. La reactividad al ordeñe (RO), la velocidad de fuga y la distancia de fuga (DF) fueron evaluadas en dos períodos (107,5 ± 30,3 y 173,8 ± 32,1 días en leche), y el promedio de esas dos mediciones por animal fue utilizado en modelos lineales generales con la genética (NZ vs NA), la paridad (primíparas vs multíparas), la estrategia de alimentación (Máximo pasto vs. Pasto fijo) y sus interacciones como efectos fijos. Hubo una interacción entre origen genético y paridad para la RO. Las diferencias entre vacas NZ y NA fueron solo observadas en multíparas, presentando mayores valores las vacas NZ (2,93 ± 1,18) que las NA (2,00 ± 0,90) (P=0.0004). Las vacas NZ presentaron mayor DF (4,2 ± 1,3 m) que vacas NA (3,7 ± 1,1 m) (P=0,03). La estrategia de alimentación no afectó la respuesta a ninguna prueba. En conclusión, el origen genético de vacas lecheras Holstein influenció la reactividad a las pruebas de temperamento RO y DF. Las vacas NZ fueron más reactivas al humano y al ordeñe que las vacas NA, pero las diferencias en RO fueron solo observadas en vacas multíparas.

RESUMO: O objetivo foi avaliar parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos após teste em novo ambiente, e o desempenho zootécnico de Oreochromis niloticus classificado como proativo ou reativo. No experimento 1, machos de tilápia do Nilo com peso médio de 128,33 ± 34,17 g foram mantidos em sistema de recirculação de água (RAS). Imediatamente após a classificação, foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 20 animais reativos e 20 proativos. No experimento 2 foram classificados 60 machos proativos e 60 reativos, com peso médio de 88,23 ± 21,59 g, os quais foram divididos nos seguintes tratamentos: PT (40 animais proativos), RT (40 reativos) MT (20 proativos + 20 reativos). Os animais foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia durante 90 dias. No experimento 1, os animais reativos apresentaram maior hemoglobina e cortisol e menor quantidade de leucócitos. No experimento 2, o ganho em peso foi maior nos animais proativos (PT) e nos animais reativos (RT); porém, a melhor conversão alimentar foi obtida nos animais reativos. A taxa de sobrevivência foi menor no grupo de animais do tratamento MT. Já a hemoglobina e a glicose tiveram valores inferiores para os animais proativos e para aqueles que estavam misturados, no grupo MT. O colesterol foi superior nos animais PT. Conclui-se que variáveis como hemoglobina, cortisol, leucócitos e colesterol têm maior probabilidade de sofrer alterações entre traços de personalidade. Ainda, pode-se concluir que O. niloticus reativos e proativos, cultivados em ambientes separados, apresentam o mesmo potencial de ganho em peso, porém, a conversão alimentar dos reativos é melhor. RESUMO ambiente reativo 1 12833 128 33 128,3 3417 34 17 34,1 RAS. RAS . (RAS) classificação 6 8823 88 23 88,2 2159 21 59 21,5 tratamentos 40 (4 , proativos) (2 9 dias (PT (RT) porém misturados Concluise Conclui se personalidade Ainda podese pode separados 1283 12 3 128, 341 34, (RAS 882 8 88, 215 5 21, 4 ( (RT

ABSTRACT: To evaluate hematological and biochemical parameters after testing in a new environment, and the zootechnical performance of Oreochromis niloticus classified as proactive or reactive. In experiment 1, male Nile tilapia with an average weight of 128.33 ± 34.17 g were kept in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Immediately after classification, blood samples were collected from 20 reactive and 20 proactive animals. In experiment 2, 60 proactive and 60 reactive males were classified, with an average weight of 88.23 ± 21.59 g, which were divided into the following treatments: PT (40 proactive animals), RT (40 reactive) MT (20 proactive + 20 reactive ). Animals were fed twice daily for 90 days. In experiment 1, reactive animals had higher amounts of hemoglobin and cortisol and lower amounts of leukocytes detected. In experiment 2, weight gain was greater in proactive animals (PT) and reactive animals (RT); however, the best feed conversion was obtained in reactive animals. The survival rate was lower in the MT treatment group of animals. Hemoglobin and glucose had lower values for proactive animals and for those that were mixed, in the MT group. Cholesterol was higher in animals PT. It is concluded that variables such as hemoglobin, cortisol, leukocytes and cholesterol are more likely to undergo changes between personality traits. Furthermore, it can be concluded that reactive and proactive O. niloticus, grown in separate environments, have the same potential for weight gain; however, the food conversion of reactive ones is better. ABSTRACT environment 1 12833 128 33 128.3 3417 34 17 34.1 RAS. RAS . (RAS) classification 2 6 8823 88 23 88.2 2159 21 59 21.5 treatments 40 (4 animals, , animals) (2 ) 9 days detected (PT (RT) however mixed traits Furthermore O environments better 1283 12 3 128. 341 34. (RAS 882 8 88. 215 5 21. 4 ( (RT

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a most common form of dementia and results in memory loss, disorientation, impaired thinking and changes in personality as well as mood. The dementia cases mostly turn into the Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Another disease, the Parkinson’s disease (PD), mainly affects dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. A series of previously synthesized quinolone-triazole hybrids were investigated and evaluated for their anti-acetyl cholinesterase and against monoamine oxidase reactive properties through in silico characterization. The ground state electronic properties were determined by electron density of the compounds through DFTs (density functional theory) calculation. The geometries of all compounds were optimized using Becke-3-parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) method and 6-311g basis set. Docking studies were conducted using the AutoDock and Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software and the results of the potent derivatives found to be encouraging. The data confirmed that all the compounds have drug-like properties and was further confirmed by ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) properties. Alzheimers Alzheimer s AD (AD loss disorientation mood AD. . Parkinsons Parkinson PD, PD , (PD) nigra quinolonetriazole quinolone triazole antiacetyl anti acetyl characterization theory calculation Becke3parameterLeeYangParr BeckeparameterLeeYangParr Becke 3 parameter Lee Yang Parr B3LYP BLYP B LYP (B3LYP 6311g g 6 311g set MOE (MOE encouraging druglike drug like absorption, absorption (absorption distribution metabolism toxicity (PD parameterLeeYangParr

Resumen Marco contextual: Los teléfonos móviles inteligentes permiten acceder a información de manera inmediata. La adicción al uso de estos dispositivos es cada vez mayor, los teléfonos móviles inteligentes se han convertido en un elemento importante para los estudiantes de enfermería. Objetivo: Identificar la adicción al uso del teléfono móvil inteligente en estudiantes de enfermería. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, el muestreo fue aleatorio, la muestra se calculó considerando un nivel de confianza de 0,05, una potencia de 90%, un tamaño de efecto mediano de 0,09, la muestra se conformó por 149 estudiantes de enfermería. Resultados: El componente de uso, abuso y adicción al teléfono móvil inteligente se relacionó negativamente con el componente rasgo de personalidad (r s = -0,228; p = 0,005), el uso, abuso y adicción al teléfono móvil inteligente se relacionó positivamente con el gasto monetario (r s = 0,376; p = 0,001). Conclusión: Se identificó que existe un alto uso de los teléfonos móviles inteligentes, comprender el alcance de dicho fenómeno puede ayudar a plantear estrategias eficaces para prevenir la adicción al teléfono móvil inteligente.

Abstract Background: Smartphones provide immediate access to information, and nursing students consider them essential tools. However, the addiction to these devices is increasing. Objective: To identify smartphone addiction among nursing students. Methodology: A descriptive correlational study was conducted using the stratified random sampling method. The sample size was calculated based on a confidence level of 0.05, with 90% power, and a median effect size of 0.09. The study included 149 nursing students. Results: The component “Smartphone use, abuse, and addiction” correlated negatively with the component “Personality traits” (r s = -0.228; p = 0.005); the component “Smartphone use, abuse, and addiction” correlated positively with the component “Financial spending” (r s = 0.376; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Smartphone use is high. Understanding the extent of this phenomenon can aid in developing effective strategies to prevent smartphone addiction.

Resumo Enquadramento: Os telemóveis inteligentes estão permitem acesso imediato à informação. O vício no uso desses dispositivos é cada vez maior, os celulares inteligentes tornaram-se um elemento importante para os estudantes de enfermagem. Objetivo: Identificar a dependência do uso do smartphone em estudantes de enfermagem. Metodologia: Estudo correlacional descritivo, a amostragem foi aleatória, a amostra foi calculada considerando nível de confiança de 0,05, poder de 90%, tamanho de efeito médio de 0,09, a amostra foi composta por 149 estudantes de enfermagem. Resultados: O componente de uso, abuso e dependência de smartphone foi negativamente relacionado ao componente de traço de personalidade (r s = -0,228; p = 0,005), o uso, abuso e dependência de smartphone foi relacionado positivamente com gastos monetários (r s = 0,376; p = 0,001). Conclusão: Identificou-se que existe um alto uso de telefones móveis inteligentes, compreender a abrangência desse fenômeno pode ajudar a propor estratégias eficazes para prevenir o vício em celulares.

ABSTRACT Introduction Personality disorders are an underdiagnosed entity and lead to high absenteeism and low productivity. Patients with histrionic personality disorder display intense emotion, attention seeking behaviour and manipulation. Clinical case report This is a case report of a 52-year-old woman, working as a hospital operational assistant, with a history of histrionic PD, major depression and fibromyalgia. In an Occupational Medicine examination after sick leave, she reports worsening of depressive symptoms and intensification of pain complaints, presenting apparent motor and cognitive slowing. Return to work was initially authorized, however, after two days, a new examination is requested by her superior, who is unable to find a suitable position for the employee. After further clinical observation and considering the history and medical reports, she is considered temporarily unfit to perform any role. Discussion/Conclusion It is important to highlight the challenge of Occupational Health in the professional reintegration of employees with psychiatric pathology. Constant updating and consolidation of knowledge in Mental Health are fundamental.

RESUMO Introdução As perturbações da personalidade são uma entidade subdiagnosticada e condicionam elevado absentismo e baixa produtividade. Pacientes com perturbação da personalidade histriónica caraterizam-se pelo seu dramatismo, emoções intensas, procura de atenção e tentativa de manipulação. Caso clínico Os autores descrevem o caso de uma mulher de 52 anos, a trabalhar como assistente operacional hospitalar, com antecedentes de perturbação da personalidade histriónica, depressão major e fibromialgia. Refere, em exame de Medicina do Trabalho após certificado de incapacidade temporária, agravamento dos sintomas depressivos e intensificação das queixas álgicas, apresentando aparente lentificação motora e cognitiva. É inicialmente autorizado o regresso ao trabalho mas, dois dias depois, é pedida nova consulta pela chefia, por não conseguir encontrar um posto adequado à colaboradora. Após nova observação clínica e tendo em conta os antecedentes e os relatórios médicos, é considerada temporariamente inapta para o desempenho de qualquer função. Discussão/Conclusão É importante realçar o desafio da Saúde Ocupacional na reintegração profissional de colaboradores com patologia psiquiátrica sendo essencial, para isso, a constante atualização e consolidação de conhecimentos na área da Saúde Mental.

Resumen: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el efecto moderador del castigo percibido sobre la relación entre los rasgos de personalidad de la tríada oscura y la corrupción en Brasil (N = 118) y en el Reino Unido (N = 130). Los participantes respondieron a la Escala de la Docena Sucia de la Triada Oscura, así como a medidas de corrupción y castigo percibido. Se encontró que el castigo predice la corrupción en ambos países. En cuanto a los rasgos de la tríada oscura, se identificó una relación entre el maquiavelismo y la corrupción en Brasil y en el Reino Unido, aunque se identificó una interacción con el castigo solo en Brasil. Además, la psicopatía no tuvo relación con la corrupción o el castigo en ninguno de los dos países. Se encontró una relación directa solo en Brasil con el narcisismo, aunque la interacción fue significativa en ambos países. En general, se identificó que el castigo percibido y los rasgos de la tríada oscura contribuyen a la comprensión de la corrupción, a pesar de algunas diferencias en los resultados entre Brasil y el Reino Unido.

Resumo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar o papel moderador da percepção de punição na relação entre Tríade Sombria da personalidade e corrupção no Brasil (N = 118) e no Reino Unido (N = 130). Participantes responderam à Escala Dark Triad Dirty Dozen, bem como a medidas de corrupção e percepção de punição. Foi encontrado que a punição prediz a corrupção em ambos os países. Em relação à Tríade Sombria, o relacionamento entre maquiavelismo e corrupção foi identificado no Brasil e no Reino Unido, embora a interação com a punição tenha sido identificada apenas no Brasil. Adicionalmente, a psicopatia não teve relação com a corrupção ou com a punição em nenhum dos países. Um efeito direto do narcisismo foi encontrado apenas no Brasil, apesar do termo de interação ter sido significativo em ambos os países. De forma geral, foi identificado que a percepção de punição e a tríade sombria contribuíram com a compreensão da corrupção, apesar de algumas diferenças nos resultados entre Brasil e Reino Unido.

Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of perceived punishment on the relationship between the Dark Triad personality traits and corruption in Brazil (N = 118) and the United Kingdom (N = 130). Participants answered the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen Scale, as well as measures of corruption and perceived punishment. It was found that punishment predicts corruption in both countries. Regarding the Dark Triad traits, a relationship between Machiavellianism and corruption was identified in Brazil and the United Kingdom, although an interaction with punishment was identified only in Brazil. Moreover, psychopathy had no relationship with corruption or punishment in either country. A direct relationship was found only in Brazil on narcissism, although the interaction term was significant in both countries. In general, it was identified that perceived punishment and the dark triad traits contribute to the understanding of corruption, despite some differences in the results between Brazil and the United Kingdom.

Resumen Introducción: Las investigaciones han demostrado la importancia de diferenciar el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) de las quejas subjetivas de dificultades de atención. En ambos casos existe una manifestación clínica que afecta diferencialmente a mujeres y hombres. Este estudio evaluó las posibles relaciones entre los síntomas conductuales y emocionales, el diagnóstico de TDAH, las quejas atencionales y el sexo en adultos jóvenes de entre 18 y 25 años. Método: Utilizando un diseño transversal, examinamos las relaciones entre tres grupos (diagnosticados con TDAH, quejas atencionales y controles) en una muestra de 232 participantes (Mediaedad = 20.38 años, DEedad = 1.81 años; 52 % mujeres). Empleamos la escala de Autoinforme de TDAH en Adultos y la prueba Toulouse Pieron para clasificar a los participantes entre grupos; para medidas de síntomas conductuales/emocionales utilizamos el inventario multifásico de personalidad de Minnesota-2 - Forma reestructurada (MMPI-2-RF), por medio de las escalas de Alto Orden y las Somáticas/ Cognitivas. Resultados: El análisis multivariado de varianza (Manova) mostró una relación significativa entre el grupo y las variables del MMPI-2-RF después de controlar el sexo (p < 0.01). Las pruebas post hoc indicaron diferencias entre grupos en todas las variables, excepto en quejas de dolor de cabeza. Además, las comparaciones entre hombres y mujeres revelaron diferencias significativas en la disfunción conductual y emocional y en las quejas gastrointestinales. Conclusión: Los hallazgos resaltan la importancia de realizar un diagnóstico que no se base únicamente en una lista de síntomas y signos, sino que también tenga en cuenta las diferencias de sexo, las alteraciones emocionales/conductuales y las conexiones asociadas con una mayor rumiación en adultos jóvenes, lo cual puede influir en el sesgo de autoevaluación y contribuir a una sobreestimación o subestimación de la sintomatología del TDAH.

Abstract Introduction: Research has shown the importance of differentiating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) from subjective complaints of attention difficulties. In both cases, there is a clinical manifestation that differentially affects women and men. This study assessed the potential relationships among Behavioural and Emotional Symptoms, ADHD Diagnosis, Attentional Complaints, and Sex in Young Adults between 18 and 25 years of age. Method: Using a cross-sectional design, we examined the relationships across three groups (diagnosed with ADHD, attentional complaints, and controls) in a sample of 232 participants (Meanage = 20.38 years, SDage = 1.81 years; 52% women). We employed the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale and the Toulouse Pieron Test to classify participants among groups; for measures of behavioural/emotional symptoms using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 - Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), through High-Order and Somatic/Cognitive Scales. Results: Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) revealed a significant relationship between group membership and the MMPI-2-RF variables after controlling for sex (p < 0.01). Post hoc tests indicated group differences across all variables except for Head Pain Complaints. Additionally, comparisons between men and women revealed significant differences in Behavioural and Emotional Dysfunction, and Gastro-Intestinal Complaints. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of making a diagnosis that is not only based on a list of symptoms and signs but also takes into account differences in sex, emotional/behavioural alterations, and associated connections to increased rumination in young adults, which may influence self-assessment bias and contribute to overestimation or underestimation of ADHD symptomatology.

Resumen Introducción: Las experiencias de discriminación étnico-raciales son estresores sociales que afectan la salud mental de quienes las sufren. A pesar de que se trata de un fenómeno vigente, los trabajos que han examinado los efectos de la discriminación en la salud mental en Perú y Latinoamérica son escasos. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este estudio es explorar el rol mediador del neuroticismo y la ira en la relación entre las experiencias de discriminación y los rasgos de personalidad oscuros en población peruana. Método: Se contó con la participación de 632 personas con edades de entre 18 y 63 años (M = 25.03; DE = 8.03). Se utilizaron la Escala de Experiencias de Discriminación (EOD), los ítems que miden neuroticismo del Big Five Inventory - 10 (BFI-10), la Escala de Propensión a la Ira (APS - G) y la Dirty Dozen Dark Triad (DDDT). Mediante regresión estructural se creó un modelo explicativo. Resultados: El ajuste del modelo fue excelente (CFI = .975, TLI = .970, RMSEA = .043 y SRMR = .051) y mostró que las experiencias de discriminación tienen un efecto directo sobre el neuroticismo, el cual predice de manera robusta la propensión a la ira, y esta, a su vez, es predictora, en mayor medida, del maquiavelismo, el narcisismo y la psicopatía, respectivamente. Conclusión: El neuroticismo y la ira son mediadores seriados en la relación entre las experiencias de discriminación y los rasgos oscuros de personalidad.

Abstract Introduction: Experiences of racial-ethnic discrimination are social stressors that affect the mental health of those who suffer it. Although it is a current phenomenon, few studies have examined the effects of discrimination on mental health in Peru and Latin America. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of neuroticism and anger in the relationship between experiences of discrimination and dark personality traits in a Peruvian population. Method: A total of 632 participants between 18 and 63 years of age participated (M = 25.03; SD = 8.03). The Experiences of Discrimination Scale (EOD), the items measuring neuroticism from the Big Five Inventory - 10 (BFI-10), the Anger Propensity Scale (APS - G) and the Dirty Dozen Dark Triad (DDDT) were used. An explanatory model was created using structural regression. Results: The model fit was excellent (CFI = .975, TLI = .970, RMSEA = .043 y SRMR = .051), showing that discrimination experiences have a direct effect on neuroticism, which robustly predicts anger proneness and this, in turn, is more predictive of Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy, respectively. Conclusion: Neuroticism and anger are serial mediators in the relationship between discrimination experiences and dark personality traits.

Resumen Introducción/objetivo: las investigaciones sobre el apego adulto se han realizado principalmente en países anglosajones o europeos, y hasta el momento no ha habido una recopilación de las contribuciones provenientes de Latinoamérica. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo hacer una revisión sistemática de la investigación empírica sobre el apego adulto en América Latina en la última década. Método: utilizando la metodología PRISMA, se efectuó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO y Scielo entre abril y agosto de 2023. Se incluyeron investigaciones empíricas publicadas en los últimos 10 años en español, inglés y portugués, centradas en el estudio del apego adulto. Entre los criterios de exclusión considerados se encuentran las investigaciones empíricas con muestras de niños y adolescentes, así como estudios que utilicen muestras latinas reclutadas fuera de los países latinoamericanos. El riesgo de sesgo de los estudios incluidos se evaluó mediante la herramienta The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Resultados: tras el proceso de tamizaje y revisión, se revisaron 62 artículos. La mayoría de los estudios han empleado metodologías cuantitativas, principalmente desde la tradición de la psicología social y de la personalidad, más que de la proveniente de la psicología evolutiva. Los tópicos abordados se agrupan en variables de funcionamiento individual y relacional, con resultados consistentes con los identificados en otras regiones. Conclusiones: se discuten las implicancias de estos hallazgos y se proponen líneas de investigación futura. Una limitación del presente estudio es la posible omisión de investigaciones relevantes no publicadas o disponibles en otras bases de datos.

Abstract Introduction/Objective: Research on adult attachment has predominantly been conducted in Anglo-Saxon and European countries, with no comprehensive compilation of contributions from Latin America to date. The objective of the present study was to perform a systematic review of empirical research on adult attachment in Latin America over the past decade. Method: Using the PRISMA methodology, a search was conducted in the Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Scielo databases between April and August 2023. Empirical research published in the last 10 years in Spanish, English, and Portuguese, focusing on the study of adult attachment, were included. Some of the exclusion criteria were empirical research with samples of children and adolescents, as well as studies using Latino samples recruited outside of Latin American countries. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results: After the screening and review process, 62 articles were examined. Most of the studies employed quantitative methodologies and were rooted in the tradition of social and personality psychology rather than developmental psychology. The topics addressed are grouped into individual and relational functioning variables, with results consistent with those identified in studies conducted in other regions. Conclusions: The implications of these findings are discussed, and future research directions are proposed. One limitation is the possible omission of relevant unpublished studies or available in other data bases.

Resumen Objetivo. La presente revisión sistemática de textos que presentan revisiones buscó identificar los determinantes psicosociales del abandono, el ajuste y el desempeño en estudiantado universitario de primer año y con ello dar un aporte actualizado y con mayor alcance a la identificación de aquellos determinantes asociados al retiro y posibles de intervenir por las universidades. Método. Se realizó una búsqueda de meta-análisis y revisiones sistemáticas utilizando términos claves y metodología PICOS en las bases de datos Dimensions, ApaPsycnet, ERIC, EBSCO, ScienceDirect y ProQuest. Se seleccionaron 16 artículos según la consistencia temática y la calidad evaluada con el instrumento R-Amstar, los cuales fueron codificados con base en la población, los determinantes psicosociales, la metodología y tamaño del efecto. Conclusiones. Los resultados indican que el desempeño académico presenta mayor relación con las habilidades y hábitos de estudio, rasgos de personalidad asociados a conciencia y apertura, factores motivacionales de autoeficacia y sociales relacionados con el ajuste académico. La permanencia/deserción muestra asociación con factores de autorregulación (habilidades académicas), de motivación (autoeficacia, metas académicas) y social (apego institucional y compromiso institucional). Respecto al ajuste, se observan factores afectivos relativos a la presencia de depresión; de autorregulación del aprendizaje relacionados con la búsqueda de soporte; de personalidad asociados a rasgos de conciencia y amabilidad; motivacionales relativos a la autoestima, optimismo y autoconcepto y sociales asociados con la percepción de soporte social. Los hallazgos identificados pueden contribuir al diseño de acciones para el estudiantado que lo requiera, con el fin de que tengan mayor permanencia, un mejor ajuste y desempeño académico.

Resumo Objetivo. A presente exploração sistemática de revisões identificou os determinantes psicossociais de evasão, ajustamento e desempenho em estudantes universitários do primeiro ano com isso, contribuir para uma identificação atual e abrangente de fatores associados à evasão universitária nas quais as instituições de ensino superior poderiam tratar. Método. Foi realizada uma busca por metanálises e revisões sistemáticas utilizando termos-chave e metodologia PICOS nas bases de dados, tais como Dimensions, ApaPsycnet, ERIC, EBSCO, ScienceDirect and ProQuest; bem como em revistas, organizações e autores. De um total de 35 estudos, 16 foram selecionados com base na consistência temática e qualidade avaliada com o instrumento R-Amstar. Os estudos foram codificados com base na população, determinantes psicossociais, metodologia e tamanho do efeito. Conclusão. Para o desempenho acadêmico, observou-se maior relação entre habilidades e hábitos de estudo, traços de personalidade associados à consciência e abertura, fatores motivacionais de autoeficácia e fatores sociais relacionados ao ajustamento acadêmico. A permanência/saída mostrou associações com autorregulamentação (habilidades acadêmicas), motivação (autoeficácia, objetivos acadêmicos) e fatores sociais (vínculo institucional e compromisso institucional). Por fim, em relação ao ajustamento, foram observados fatores afetivos associados à presença de depressão; autorregulação da aprendizagem relacionada à busca de apoio; de personalidade associada a traços de consciência e bondade; motivacional relacionado à autoestima, otimismo e autoconceito. Adicionalmente, social associado à percepção de suporte social. Os resultados identificados podem contribuir para a concepção de ações para estudantes necessitados, a fim de ter permanência, um melhor ajuste e desempenho acadêmico.

Abstract Objective. The current systematic review of reviews looked to identify psychosocial factors of dropout, adjustment and academic performance in first year university students and with thereby contribute to a current and comprehensive identification of factors associated with university dropout in higher education institutions which could be treated. Method. A search for meta-analysis and systematic reviews with keywords and PICOS methodology was carried out in the databases Dimensions, ApaPsycnet, ERIC, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest. 16 of 35 studies were chosen in the base of topic consistency and R-Amstar quality test. Studies were coded according to population, psychosocial factors, design, and effect size characteristics. Conclusions. Study habits and skills; personality traits of conscientiousness and openness; motivational factors of self-efficacy, and social variables related to adjustment had the strongest relationship with academic performance. Persistence/dropout showed associations with self-regulatory (academic skills), motivational (self-efficacy, academic goals) and social (institutional attachment and institutional commitment) factors. Finally, affective factors as depression; self-regulated strategies such as support seeking; personality traits of conscientiousness and agreeableness; motivational variables of optimism and self-concept and social factors oriented to perceive social support perceived were related with college adjustment. The identified findings can contribute to the design of actions for students in need to have persistence, better adjustment and academic performance.