Resumen La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad metabólica que se caracteriza por tener un aumento en los niveles de glucemia, causando un estado inflamatorio sistémico que puede afectar la cicatrización de las lesiones periapicales presentes en la periodontitis apical, una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica causada por una infección endodóntica cuyo desarrollo está regulado por la respuesta inmunitaria del huésped. La diabetes podría interactuar con la periodontitis apical al desencadenar la modulación inmunitaria, pudiendo afectar la respuesta clínica de las lesiones periapicales e interferir con la cicatrización después del tratamiento endodóntico. El objetivo de esta revisión de la literatura es analizar la evidencia respecto a la relación entre la diabetes mellitus y la presencia y severidad de la periodontitis apical de origen endodóntico. Se recopilaron artículos de las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science entre los años 2016 y 2021. Se eligieron 31 artículos pertinentes para el estudio. En el 41,6% de los estudios se encontró una mayor presencia de periodontitis apical en pacientes con diabetes asociada a una lesión apical más compleja y comprometida. Un 25% de los estudios encontró que los pacientes diabéticos mal controlados presentan mayor presencia de periodontitis apical. Un 25% de los estudios encontró que niveles altos de HbA1c se asocian a la presencia de periodontitis apical. Se encontró una relación entre la diabetes y la periodontitis apical, por lo que la diabetes debe ser considerada como un factor preoperatorio importante en el desarrollo y severidad de la periodontitis apical, sin embargo, se deben realizar estudios experimentales más estandarizados para poder determinar con mayor exactitud esta relación, además de poder indagar la bidireccionalidad entre ambos.

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels, causing a systemic inflammatory state that can affect the healing of periapical lesions present in apical periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease caused by an endodontic infection whose development is regulated by the host’s immune response. Diabetes could interact with apical periodontitis by triggering immune modulation, being able to affect the clinical outcome of periapical lesions and interfering with healing after endodontic treatment. The objective of this literature review is to analyze the evidence regarding the relationship between diabetes mellitus and the presence and severity of apical periodontitis of endodontic origin. Articles were collected from the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases between the years 2016 and 2021. 31 relevant articles were included for this study. In 41.6% of the studies a greater presence of apical periodontitis was found in patients with diabetes associated with a more complex and compromised apical lesion. 25% of the studies reported that poorly controlled diabetic patients had a greater presence of apical periodontitis. 25% of the studies reported high levels of HbA1c in association with apical periodontitis. A relationship was found between diabetes and apical periodontitis, which means diabetes should be considered as an important preoperative factor in the development and severity of apical periodontitis; however, more standardized experimental studies should be carried out to determine this relationship more accurately, in addition to being able to investigate a bidirectionality between the two.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las gingivitis y periodontitis predominan en las embarazadas y se asocian, entre otros factores, a la edad gestacional, por lo que se sugiere una asociación entre el deterioro periodontal y el parto prematuro, los cuales constituyen problemas de salud a escala mundial. Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia y gravedad de la enfermedad periodontal inflamatoria crónica en puérperas con parto prematuro. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 250 puérperas con parto prematuro de recién nacidos vivos y gestaciones únicas, atendidas en los hospitales maternos de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, desde el 2018 hasta el 2022. Las variables analizadas fueron prevalencia, tipo, gravedad y extensión de la enfermedad periodontal, profundidad y sangrado al sondaje, así como pérdida de inserción clínica. Para el análisis de las variables cuantitativas se emplearon como medidas de resumen la media, la desviación estándar y el coeficiente de variación; para las cualitativas, el porcentaje. Resultados: La enfermedad periodontal se halló en 54,0 % de las pacientes, con un predominio de la gingivitis (31,0 %), más frecuente en sus formas moderada y generalizada, así como de la periodontitis (23,0 %), con superioridad de las formas leves y localizadas. Conclusiones: La alta frecuencia de enfermedades periodontales con formas avanzadas en las puérperas demuestra la importancia de su prevención y control durante el embarazo, debido a su posible repercusión en la prematuridad.

Introduction: Gingivitis and periodontitis prevail in pregnant women and they are associated among other factors, with the gestational age, reason why an association between the periodontal deterioration and premature childbirth is suggested, which constitute health problems worldwide. Objective: To identify the frequency and seriousness of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease in newly-delivered women with premature childbirth. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 250 newly-delivered women with premature childbirth of alive newborn and unique gestations was carried out; they were assisted in the maternal hospitals of Santiago de Cuba province, from 2018 to 2022. The analyzed variables were prevalence, type, seriousness and extension of the periodontal disease, depth and bleeding in the survey, as well as loss of clinical insertion. For the analysis of quantitative variables the mean, standard deviation and variation coefficient were used as summary measures; for the qualitative ones, the percentage was used. Results: Periodontal disease was found in 54.0 % of the patients, with a prevalence of gingivitis (31.0 %), most frequent in its moderated and generalized forms, as well as periodontitis (23.0 %), with superiority in the light and localized ways. Conclusions: The high frequency of periodontal diseases with advanced forms in the newly-delivered women demonstrates the importance of its prevention and control during pregnancy, due to its possible repercussion in prematurity.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic periodontal disease is characterized by an inmuno inflammatory process, of multifactorial origin, that affects the protective and insertion tissues of the teeth. It has been related to general alterations that can modify the host's defensive response. Among them patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy as a result of chronic kidney disease. The bibliographic review was carried out from September 2022 to February 2023. The PubMed, SciELO and Elsevier databases and the Google Scholar search engine were used. Objective: To deep in our knowledge about periodontitis as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease and oral manifestations in hemodialyzed patients. Development: Chronic immunoinflammatory periodontal disease aggravates the general health status of patients with different diseases, including chronic kidney disease, through several mechanisms. Periodontal Medicine is responsible for studying these relationships. Hemodialyzed patients have a systemic condition that predisposes them to the appearance of infectious diseases or the installation of local risk factors for dissimilar oral diseases, including periodontitis, which establishes a bidirectional relationship between the two. Conclusions: Periodontitis constitutes a modifiable risk factor for chronic kidney disease and, at the same time, one of the most frequent oral manifestations in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad periodontal crónica se caracteriza por un proceso inmunoinflamatorio, de origen multifactorial, que afecta los tejidos de protección e inserción de los dientes. Ha sido relacionada con alteraciones generales que pueden modificar la respuesta defensiva del hospedero. Entre ellas, los pacientes sometidos a terapia de hemodiálisis como consecuencia de enfermedad renal crónica. La revisión bibliográfica se realizó desde septiembre del 2022 hasta febrero del 2023. Se utilizaron las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO y Elsevier y el motor de búsqueda Google Académico. Objetivo: Profundizar en los conocimientos sobre la periodontitis como factor de riesgo de la enfermedad renal crónica y las manifestaciones bucales en los pacientes hemodializados. Desarrollo: La enfermedad periodontal inmunoinflamatoria crónica, agrava el estado de salud general de pacientes con diferentes enfermedades, entre ellas la enfermedad renal crónica, a través de varios mecanismos. Es la medicina periodontal la encargada del estudio de estas relaciones. Los pacientes hemodializados poseen una condición sistémica que los predispone a la aparición de enfermedades infecciosas o a la instalación de factores de riesgo locales de disímiles enfermedades bucales, entre ellas, la periodontitis, lo que establece una relación bidireccional entre ambas. Conclusiones: La periodontitis constituye un factor de riesgo modificable para la enfermedad renal crónica y, al mismo tiempo, una de las manifestaciones bucales más frecuentes en los pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by loss of attachment with concomitant bone resorption and deepened grooves due to apical migration of the junctional epithelium. Viruses may participate in its pathogenesis; infectious agents unique in biology, including the SARS-CoV-2 that causes the COVID-19. Therefore, researchers have proposed theories that try to explain the possible association of this virus with periodontitis, considering that a bidirectional relationship exists between both. A bibliographic review on this topic was carried out from January 2021 to May 2023, using Google Scholar, the PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE and LILACS databases. Objective: Describe the available information on the association between periodontitis and COVID-19. Development: In periodontitis, poor oral hygiene produces a dysbiosis of the oral microbiome that triggers the appearance of periodontopathogens; The entry of the SARS-CoV-2 can subvert the immune system, which causes a serious association of periodontal diseases with COVID-19. This virus can interact with the oral microbiome and cause excessive growth of pathobionts that aggravate the formation of periodontal pockets. Conclusions: It is considered that the association between the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 with periodontitis is bidirectional, the effect of the virus on the immune system can aggravate periodontitis and the effects of chemical mediators of periodontitis make it more vulnerable the patient infected by SARS-CoV-2 to develop a coinfection.

RESUMEN Introducción: La periodontitis es la enfermedad crónica inflamatoria caracterizada por la pérdida de inserción con reabsorción ósea concomitante y surcos profundizados por migración apical del epitelio de unión. En su patogenia pueden participar los virus; agentes infecciosos únicos en biología, entre ellos el SARS-CoV-2 causante de la COVID-19. Los investigadores han planteado teorías que tratan de explicar la posible asociación de este virus con la periodontitis, al considerar que existe entre ambas una relación bidireccional. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre este tema de enero de 2021 a mayo de 2023, con el uso del Google Académico, las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE y LILACS. Objetivo: Describir la información disponible sobre la asociación entre la periodontitis y la COVID-19. Desarrollo: En la periodontitis la deficiente higiene bucal produce una disbiosis del microbioma oral que desencadena la aparición de periodontopatógenos; la entrada del SARS-CoV-2 puede subvertir el sistema inmune, lo que provoca asociación grave de las enfermedades periodontales con la COVID-19. El virus puede interactuar con el microbioma oral y provocar crecimiento excesivo de patobiontes que agravan la formación de bolsas periodontales. Conclusiones: Se considera que la asociación entre la enfermedad producida por el SARS-CoV-2 con la periodontitis es bidireccional, el efecto del virus en el sistema inmunológico puede agravar la periodontitis y los efectos de mediadores químicos de la periodontitis hacen más vulnerable al paciente contagiado por el SARS-CoV-2 para desarrollar una coinfección.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Este trabajo tiene como propósito determinar, mediante una revisión sistemática de literatura, la relación entre el virus del herpes simple (VHS) y la periodontitis estadio IV, con el fin de orientar la terapéutica para el tratamiento de esta entidad. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, Elsevier, Science Direct y SciELO, empleando la lista de comprobación PRISMA. Se incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis sobre diseños de estudios experimentales, estudios de biología molecular y estudios in vivo humanos acerca de la relación del herpes virus simple tipo 1 y la periodontitis estadio IV, publicados entre el 2017 y 2022, en español e inglés, en una búsqueda que se realizó entre el 8 y 22 de abril de 2022. Tres artículos resultaron elegibles, aplicando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, de un total inicial de 1.797. Resultados: Las revisiones examinadas comprueban una relación más convincente del virus del herpes humano, aumentada por su presencia y asociación con la enfermedad periodontal en estadios avanzados, como la periodontitis estadio IV, en comparación con pacientes sanos y con gingivitis. Conclusiones: El manejo farmacológico coadyuvante de la terapia periodontal en pacientes con periodontitis estadio IV, acompañado de terapia antibiótica y antiviral, puede reducir o erradicar el herpes simple en sitios con enfermedad periodontal.

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine, through a systematic review of the literature, the relationship between the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and stage IV periodontitis to guide therapeutics for the treatment of this entity. Methodology: The method was a systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Elsevier, Science Direct and SciELO databases, using the PRISMA checklist. Systematic review documentation and meta-analysis about experimental study designs, molecular biology studies, and in vivo studies on the relationship between herpes simplex virus type 1 and stage IV periodontitis, published between 2017 and 2022, in Spanish and English were obtained in a search conducted between April 8 and 22, 2022. Three articles were eligible after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, out of an initial total of 1.797. Results: The reviewed articles show a more consistent relationship of the human herpes virus, increased by its presence and association with advanced stage periodontal disease, such as stage IV periodontitis, compared to healthy patients and patients with gingivitis. Conclusion: Pharmacological management as adjuvant of periodontal therapy in patients with stage IV periodontitis, accompanied by antibiotic and antiviral therapy, can reduce or eliminate herpes simplex in sites with periodontal disease.

ABSTRACT Introduction: aging is a process by which an individual undergoes physical, organic, psychological and cognitive changes. Chronic inflammation resulting in periodontitis has been marked as one of the current potential risk factors for mild cognitive impairment. Objective: to identify the association between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment. Methods: an observational, analytical and retrospective study of cases and controls was carried out from January to July 2023, in the office no.3 belonging to the health area of the Teaching Polyclinic "Ramón López Peña" of the province of Santiago de Cuba. The study population consisted of 203 older adults living in this community during the aforementioned period. Thirty older adults were chosen by simple random sampling as cases, according to Petersen's criteria and with an Addenbrooke's cognitive test score of 84 or less. Three controls were selected for each case, 90 older adults with a score above 85 points on the assessment instrument. Results: a significant association was found between mild cognitive impairment and periodontitis (p < 0,05), presenting three times the risk of suffering the disease. Its advanced form was a cause of mild cognitive impairment in 36,6 % of the total cases. Conclusions: by means of this brief study, the association between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment, given by chronic oral inflammation, was proved.

RESUMEN Introducción: el envejecimiento es un proceso por el cual un individuo presenta cambios físicos, orgánicos, psicológicos y cognitivos. La inflamación crónica que produce la periodontitis se ha marcado como uno de los factores de riesgo en potencia actualmente del deterioro cognitivo leve. Objetivo: identificar la asociación entre la periodontitis y el deterioro cognitivo leve. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico y retrospectivo, de tipo casos y controles en el período comprendido de enero a julio del año 2023, en el Consultorio no.3 perteneciente al área de salud del Policlínico Docente "Ramón López Peña" de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 203 adultos mayores que vivían en esta comunidad durante el periodo antes mencionado. Se escogieron por muestreo aleatorio simple 30 adultos mayores como casos, según los criterios de Petersen y con un puntaje del examen cognitivo de Addenbrooke, de 84 o menos. Se seleccionaron tres controles por cada caso, 90 adultos mayores con un puntaje superior a los 85 puntos en el instrumento evaluativo. Resultados: se encontró una asociación significativa entre el deterioro cognitivo leve y la periodontitis (p < 0,05), presentando tres veces más el riesgo de padecer la enfermedad. Su forma avanzada fue una causa de deterioro cognitivo leve en un 36,6 % del total de los casos. Conclusiones: por medio de este breve estudio se comprobó la asociación entre la periodontitis y el deterioro cognitivo leve, dada por una inflamación crónica oral.

RESUMEN Las enfermedades periodontales son consideradas entre las más comunes entre las patologías bucales. Su frecuencia es cada vez más elevada en la población y existen varias patologías sistémicas y hábitos que empeoran su cuadro clínico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la frecuencia y características clínicas de pacientes con enfermedades periodontales que acuden a la cátedra de periodoncia en la Universidad Autónoma de Asunción en el período de 2011 al 2019. Estudio Observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, se procesaron 477 fichas clínicas de pacientes de la cátedra de Periodoncia de la Universidad Autónoma de Asunción desde el año 2011 al 2019. El tipo de muestreo utilizado fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. De las 477 fichas solo se analizaron 317 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Fueron el 56.46 % de sexo femenino y 43,53 % de sexo masculino, la mediana de edad fue de 33 (23-48) años. El 53% los pacientes presentaban periodontitis crónica y comorbilidades como diabetes e hipertensión arterial. Solo el 11,9 % fueron fumadores. En cuanto a los pacientes diabéticos la mayoría eran de sexo femenino y de edad avanzada, presentando como diagnóstico más frecuente la periodontitis crónica. El diagnóstico clínico más frecuente de la población estudiada fue la periodontitis crónica, seguido por la gingivitis.

ABSTRACT Periodontal diseases are considered among the most common among oral pathologies. Its frequency is increasingly higher in the population and there are several systemic pathologies and habits that worsen its clinical condition. The objective of this work was to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of patients with periodontal diseases who attend the periodontics department at the Autonomous University of Asunción in the period from 2011 to 2019. Observational, descriptive, retrospective study, 477 clinical records were processed. of patients from the Department of Periodontics at the Autonomous University of Asunción from 2011 to 2019. The type of sampling used was non-probabilistic for convenience. Of the 477 records, only 317 patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. They were 56.46% female and 43.53% male, the median age was 33 (23-48) years. 53% of the patients had chronic periodontitis and comorbidities such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Only 11.9% were smokers. Regarding diabetic patients, the majority were female and elderly, with chronic periodontitis as the most frequent diagnosis. The most frequent clinical diagnosis of the studied population was chronic periodontitis, followed by gingivitis.

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad periodontal es común en el mundo, y una de las principales causas de pérdida de dientes en adultos, asociada con enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Describir la enfermedad periodontal inflamatoria crónica en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de marzo 2018 a septiembre 2021, en el Cardiocentro «Ernesto Che Guevara» y en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara. Se obtuvo una muestra de 140 pacientes a través de un muestreo no probabilístico intencional por criterios. Constituyeron variables de estudio: edad, sexo, enfermedad periodontal y enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica; variables médicas (tiempo con la enfermedad, índice de masa corporal, hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia, niveles plasmáticos de leucocitos); variables periodontales (pérdida de inserción clínica, higiene bucal y sangramiento). Para evaluar la asociación entre variables se utilizó el test de independencia con una distribución Chi Cuadrado. La asociación de la enfermedad periodontal con la enfermedad arterial coronaria y periférica, se evaluó mediante análisis de regresión logística multivariable. Resultados: El 60,7 % de los pacientes son masculinos; una edad media de 57,25 (72,9 %) presentó periodontitis, y el 84,7 % fueron obesos. Se evidenció una relación significativa entre la enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica y las variables periodontales en cuanto a severidad. Conclusiones: Entre los factores de riesgo aterogénicos establecidos, el de mayor influencia para la enfermedad periodontal fue el índice de masa corporal. Los pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica, según criterios de inclusión y parámetros analizados, presentan probabilidad de tener enfermedad periodontal.

ABSTRACT Introduction: periodontal disease is common in the world and is one of the main causes of tooth loss associated with cardiovascular diseases in adults. Objective: to describe chronic inflammatory periodontal disease in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from March 2018 to September 2021 at Cardiocentro «Ernesto Che Guevara» Hospital and the Dental Faculty at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences. A sample of 140 patients was obtained through intentional non-probabilistic sampling by criteria. Age, gender, periodontal disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were the studied variables; medical variables (time with the disease, body mass index, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, plasma leukocyte levels); periodontal variables (loss of clinical attachment, oral hygiene and bleeding). The Chi square test of independence was used to evaluate the association among variables. The association of periodontal disease with coronary and peripheral artery disease was evaluated by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: the 60.7% were males; a mean age of 57.25 (72.9%) had periodontitis and 84.7% were obese. A significant relationship was evident between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and periodontal variables in terms of severity. Conclusions: body mass index was among the greatest atherogenic risk factors for periodontal disease.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las periodontitis y la preeclampsia son afecciones multifactoriales que poseen similitudes en sus fisiopatologías. Objetivo: Determinar la posible relación de riesgo entre la periodontitis y la preeclampsia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico (casos y controles) en el Hospital Provincial General Universitario «Mártires del 9 de Abril» de Sagua la Grande, entre enero de 2019 y junio de 2022. La muestra (112) se seleccionó a través de un muestreo no probabilístico intencional por criterios. Las variables del estudio fueron: edad, nivel educacional, forma clínica de la enfermedad hipertensiva gravídica, factores de riesgo de preeclamsia, extensión y severidad de la periodontitis e higiene bucal. Resultados: Predominó el grupo etáreo entre 20 y 34, que representó el 60,71 % del total. El 67.86 % de las gestantes estudiadas tuvo preeclampsia como forma clínica de enfermedad hipertensiva gravídica. La periodontitis moderada prevaleció en el grupo estudio (32,14 %). Predominaron, como factores de riesgo de preeclampsia: la enfermedad hipertensiva durante el embarazo previo (78,57 %), el índice de masa corporal mayor que 28,6 kg/m2SC (70,97 %) y la hipertensión arterial crónica (63,64 %). El 75% de las gestantes tuvo higiene bucal deficiente, con ligero predominio en el grupo estudio (41, 07 %). Conclusiones: la periodontitis constituyó un factor de riesgo para desarrollar la preeclampsia en la población estudiada.

ABSTRACT Introduction: periodontitis and preeclampsia are multifactorial conditions that have similarities in their pathophysiologies. Objective: to determine the possible risk relationship between periodontitis and preeclampsia. Methods: an analytical case and control study was carried out at "Mártires del 9 de Abril" Provincial General University Hospital in Sagua la Grande between January 2019 and June 2022. The sample (112) was selected through an intentional non-probabilistic sampling by criteria. Age, educational level, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, risk factors for preeclampsia, extension and severity of periodontitis and oral hygiene were the studied variables. Results: age group (20-34 years) predominated, which represented 60.71% from the total. The 67.86% of the studied pregnant women had preeclampsia as a clinical form of hypertensive disease during pregnancy. Moderate periodontitis prevailed in the study group (32.14%). Hypertensive disease during previous pregnancy (78.57%), body mass index greater than 28.6 kg/m2BSA (70.97%) and chronic arterial hypertension (63.64%) were the predominant risk factors for preeclampsia. The 75% of the pregnant women had poor oral hygiene with a slight predominance in the study group (41.07%). Conclusions: periodontitis was a risk factor for developing preeclampsia in the studied population.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los tratamientos quirúrgicos periodontales pueden beneficiarse con la aplicación de biomateriales que favorezcan la regeneración de los tejidos. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una membrana de fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos asociado al tratamiento quirúrgico convencional en los defectos óseos angulares de la periodontitis crónica. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación cuasi-experimental, desde marzo de 2016 a septiembre de 2018. Se empleó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional por criterios, el cual quedó constituido por 21 pacientes y se conformaron dos grupos; 132 sitios estudio recibieron terapia quirúrgica convencional más aplicación de una membrana de fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos como biomaterial autólogo, mientras otros 133 sitios control solo recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico convencional. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, presencia de placa dentobacteriana, profundidad y sangramiento al sondeo, movilidad dentaria, ganancia ósea y efectividad del proceder. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados mediante el software estadístico SPSS versión 15.0. Resultados: El rango de edad, de 21-31 años, fue el más representativo, con predominio del sexo masculino. Los sitios tratados con el biomaterial autólogo mostraron los mejores resultados, destacándose la pérdida de inserción clínica y una mayor ganancia ósea. Conclusiones: El tratamiento con la membrana de fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos, como biomaterial autólogo, fue más efectivo; puede ser una alternativa eficaz en situaciones donde los signos y síntomas de la enfermedad periodontal avanzada sean notables.

ABSTRACT Introduction: periodontal surgical treatments can benefit from the application of biomaterials that promote tissue regeneration. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of a leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin membrane associated with conventional surgical treatment for angular bone defects in chronic periodontitis. Methods: a quasi-experimental research was carried out from March 2016 to September 2018. An intentional non-probabilistic sampling by criteria was used, consisting of 21 patients and made up of two groups; 132 study sites received conventional surgical therapy plus application of a leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin membrane as an autologous biomaterial while another 133 control sites only received conventional surgical treatment. Age, gender, presence of dental plaque, depth and bleeding on probing, tooth mobility, bone gain and effectiveness of the procedure were the variables studied. Data obtained were processed using the SPSS 15.0 statistical software. Results: 21-31 years old and males predominated. Sites treated with the autologous biomaterial showed the best results, highlighting the loss of clinical attachment and greater bone gain. Conclusions: treatment with a leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin membrane as an autologous biomaterial was more effective; it can be an effective alternative in situations where the signs and symptoms of advanced periodontal disease are notable.

Resumo Periodontite é uma doença inflamatória crônica comum caracterizada pela perda de osso alveolar. O alto teor de polifenóis na casca do cacau (Theobroma cacao L) tem o potencial de influenciar o metabolismo ósseo e contribuir para a inibição da reabsorção óssea. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o potencial anti-osteoclastogênico da casca do cacau (Theobroma cacao L.) em um estudo in silico e in vivo. Uma análise do potencial anti-osteoclastogênico dos compostos bioativos do T. cacao foi realizada por simulações de docking molecular. Trinta ratos Wistar machos (Rattus novergicus) foram aleatoriamente selecionados em grupos controle negativo (gel placebo), controle positivo (gel de doxiciclina a 2%) e grupos de tratamento (gel com extrato de casca de cacau a 10%), e as medições foram feitas nos dias 7 e 14. Ratos Wistar foram induzidos com 0,05 ml de P. gingivalis a uma concentração de 2x10^9 UFC/ml de forma intrasulcular no molar maxilar para atingir a periodontite. O número de osteoclastos foi observado por coloração de hematoxilina e eosina, o nível de TNF-α foi observado por ensaio imunoenzimático, e a expressão de RANKL foi observada por coloração imunohistoquímica. Os dados foram analisados usando ANOVA de uma via para examinar a diferença entre os grupos. O estudo in silico mostrou que a catequina, epicatequina, quercetina e procyanidina B2 tinham uma forte afinidade de ligação para TNF-α e RANKL. A administração de 10% de CPH reduziu o número de osteoclastos (p<0,05), o nível de TNF-α nos dias 7 e 14 (p<0,05) e a expressão de RANKL no dia 7 (p<0,05) em ratos experimentais com periodontite. A administração de 10% de CPH inibiu a osteoclastogênese nos ratos com periodontite experimental alveolar Theobroma L óssea antiosteoclastogênico anti osteoclastogênico L. vivo T molecular Rattus novergicus gel placebo, placebo , placebo) 2% 2 10%, 10 10%) 005 0 05 0,0 P 2x109 x 2x10 9 2x10^ UFCml UFC eosina TNFα TNF α imunoenzimático imunohistoquímica catequina epicatequina B p<0,05, p005 p p<0,05 1 (p<0,05 00 0, 2x1 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,0 2x p0 p<0, (p<0, p<0 (p<0 p< (p< (p

Abstract Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease characterized by alveolar bone loss. The high polyphenol content in cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cacao L) has the potential to influence bone metabolism and contribute to the inhibition of bone resorption. The aim of this study was to analyze the anti-osteoclastogenesis potential of cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cacao L.) in both in silico and in vivo study. An analysis of the anti-osteoclastogenesis potential of T. cacao bioactive compounds was conducted using molecular docking simulations. Thirty male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) were randomly assigned to control negative groups (placebo gel), control positive groups (2% doxycycline gel), and treatment groups (10% cocoa pod husk (CPH) extract gel), with measurements taken on days 7 and 14. Wistar rats were induced with 0.05 ml of P. gingivalis at a concentration of 2x109 CFU/ml intrasulcularly in the maxillary molar to achieved in periodontitis. The number of osteoclasts was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, the level of TNF-α was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression of RANKL was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA to examine the differences between the groups. The in silico study showed that the catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, and procyanidin B2 had a strong binding affinity for TNF-α and RANKL. Administration of 10% CPH reduced the number of osteoclasts (p<0.05), TNF-α level on days 7 and 14 (p<0.05), and RANKL expression on day 7 (p<0.05) in experimental rats with periodontitis. Administering 10% CPH inhibited osteoclastogenesis in the experimental periodontitis rats. loss Theobroma L resorption antiosteoclastogenesis anti L. T simulations Rattus novergicus placebo gel, gel , gel) 2% 2 (2 10 (10 (CPH 005 0 05 0.0 P x 2x10 CFUml CFU staining TNFα TNF α enzymelinked enzyme linked assay Oneway One way catechin epicatechin quercetin B p<0.05, p005 p p<0.05 1 (p<0.05 ( (1 00 0. 2x1 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.0 2x p0 p<0. (p<0. p<0 (p<0 p< (p< (p

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar parâmetros periodontais em transplantados renais comparados a um grupo controle, devido às possíveis interferências ocasionadas após uso de medicações imunossupressoras. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico observacional transversal, composto por 80 pacientes. Os transplantados renais, composto por 40 pacientes, nos quais analisou-se o índice de placa, a profundidade clínica de sondagem, o nível de inserção clínica, sangramento à sondagem e a presença de hiperplasia gengival. E o grupo controle, composto por 40 pacientes, avaliados de acordo com os mesmos índices. Resultados: Não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos quanto à presença de placa (p=0,279), sangramento (p=0,262), severidade (p=0,707) e localização (p=0,949) da periodontite, somente em relação ao grau (p=0,041), onde o grau C foi mais presente em transplantados renais, sendo o tempo de transplante um fator contribuinte. A presença de hiperplasia (p=0,021), o índice de sangramento gengival (p=0,011) e o índice de placa (p=0,031) foram significativamente maiores em pacientes que faziam uso da Ciclosporina. Pacientes transplantados renais apresentaram periodontite com progressão rápida. Conclusão: O aumento do volume gengival, sangramento e índice de placa estavam mais associados ao uso de Ciclosporina. Objetivo controle imunossupressoras Métodos transversal 8 4 analisouse analisou se índices Resultados p=0,279, p0279 p p=0,279 , 0 279 (p=0,279) p=0,262, p0262 p=0,262 262 (p=0,262) p=0,707 p0707 707 (p=0,707 p=0,949 p0949 949 (p=0,949 p=0,041, p0041 p=0,041 041 (p=0,041) contribuinte p=0,021, p0021 p=0,021 021 (p=0,021) p=0,011 p0011 011 (p=0,011 p=0,031 p0031 031 (p=0,031 Ciclosporina rápida Conclusão p027 p=0,27 27 (p=0,279 p026 p=0,26 26 (p=0,262 p=0,70 p070 70 (p=0,70 p=0,94 p094 94 (p=0,94 p004 p=0,04 04 (p=0,041 p002 p=0,02 02 (p=0,021 p=0,01 p001 01 (p=0,01 p=0,03 p003 03 (p=0,03 p02 p=0,2 2 (p=0,27 (p=0,26 p=0,7 p07 7 (p=0,7 p=0,9 p09 9 (p=0,9 p00 p=0,0 (p=0,04 (p=0,02 (p=0,0 p0 p=0, (p=0,2 (p=0, p=0 (p=0 p= (p= (p

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate periodontal parameters in renal transplant patients compared to a control group, due to the possible interference caused by the use of immunosuppressive medication. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational epidemiological study of 80 patients. The transplant patients consisted of 40 patients, in whom the plaque index, clinical probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing and the presence of gingival hyperplasia were analyzed. The control group, made up of 40 patients, was assessed according to the same indices. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the groups with regard to the presence of plaque (p = 0.279), bleeding (p = 0.262), severity (p = 0.707) and location (p = 0.949) of periodontitis, only in relation to the grade (p = 0.041), where grade C was more present in transplant patients, with transplant time being a contributing factor. The presence of hyperplasia (p = 0.021), the gingival bleeding index (p = 0.011) and the plaque index (p = 0.031) were significantly higher in patients taking Ciclosporin. transplant patients had rapidly progressing periodontitis. Conclusion: Increased gingival volume, bleeding and plaque index were more associated with Ciclosporin use. Objective group medication Methods crosssectional cross sectional 8 4 depth level analyzed indices Results p 0.279, 0279 0.279 , 0 279 0.279) 0.262, 0262 0.262 262 0.262) 0.707 0707 707 0.949 0949 949 periodontitis 0.041, 0041 0.041 041 0.041) factor 0.021, 0021 0.021 021 0.021) 0.011 0011 011 0.031 0031 031 Conclusion volume 027 0.27 27 026 0.26 26 0.70 070 70 0.94 094 94 004 0.04 04 002 0.02 02 0.01 001 01 0.03 003 03 0.2 2 0.7 07 7 0.9 09 9 00 0.0 0.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo transversal realizado em dois centros teve como objetivo avaliar se a ocorrência de xerostomia está associada à qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) em pacientes com doença renal crônica em estágio final (DRCEF) após o ajuste para potenciais fatores de confusão. Métodos: Exames bucais foram realizados por examinadores calibrados para cárie dentária não tratada, periodontite e perda dentária em 180 adultos com DRCEF. A presença de xerostomia foi determinada por meio da pergunta global “Com que frequência você fica com a boca seca?”. A QVRSB foi avaliada pela versão simplificada do questionário Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). A análise multivariada de regressão binomial negativa inflacionada por zero foi usada para calcular as taxas de incidência (IRR) para os escores diferentes de zero e os razões de chance (OR) de não haver impacto nos escores do OHIP-14 de acordo com a presença dA exposição. Resultados: No modelo ajustado, a xerostomia (IRR = 1,57; IC 95%: 1,12 a 2,20) foi associada a pior QVRSB. A análise específica por domínio revelou que a ocorrência de xerostomia impactou significativamente a incapacidade psicológica e a incapacidade social, e a chance de não haver impacto foi menor para o domínio desconforto psicológico (OR = 0,84; IC95%: 0,12 a 0,98). Conclusão: A xerostomia exerce impacto sobre a QVRSB em pacientes com DRCEF, principalmente nos construtos de deficiência psicológica e social. Objetivo (QVRSB DRCEF (DRCEF confusão Métodos tratada 18 Com seca. seca . seca?” OHIP14. OHIP14 OHIP 14 (OHIP-14) IRR OR OHIP-1 exposição Resultados ajustado 1,57 157 1 57 95% 95 112 12 1,1 2,20 220 2 20 social 0,84 084 0 84 IC95% IC95 012 0,1 0,98. 098 0,98 98 0,98) Conclusão seca? OHIP1 (OHIP-14 OHIP- 1,5 15 5 9 11 1, 2,2 22 0,8 08 8 IC9 01 0, 09 0,9 (OHIP-1 2, (OHIP- (OHIP

ABSTRACT Objective: This two-centre cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate whether xerostomia occurrence is associated with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) after the adjustment for potential confounders. Methods: Oral examinations were performed by calibrated examiners for untreated dental caries, periodontitis and tooth loss in 180 adults with ESRD. The presence of xerostomia was determined using the global question “How often does your mouth feel dry?”. OHRQoL was evaluated by the simplified version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP14) questionnaire. Multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis was used to calculate the incidence rate ratios (IRR) for the nonzero scores and odds ratios (OR) of having no impact in OHIP14 scores according to the presence of exposure. Results: In the adjusted model, xerostomia (IRR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.20) was associated with poorer OHRQoL. The adjusted domain-specific analysis revealed that xerostomia occurrence significantly impacted the psychological disability and social disability, and the chance of having no impact was lower for the psychological discomfort domain (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.98). Conclusion: Xerostomia exert an impact on OHRQoL in patients with ESRD, mainly in the psychological and social disabilities constructs. Objective twocentre two centre crosssectional cross sectional healthrelated health related (OHRQoL endstage end stage ESRD (ESRD confounders Methods caries 18 How dry. dry . dry?” OHIP (OHIP14 questionnaire zeroinflated zero inflated IRR OR OHIP1 exposure Results model 1.57 157 1 57 95 CI 112 12 1.1 2.20 220 2 20 domainspecific specific 0.84 084 0 84 012 0.1 0.98. 098 0.98 98 0.98) Conclusion constructs dry? (OHIP1 1.5 15 5 9 11 1. 2.2 22 0.8 08 8 01 0. 09 0.9 (OHIP 2.

Resumo Introdução O tratamento periodontal envolve procedimentos que visam reduzir a carga bacteriana, envolvendo ou não o uso de antibióticos locais ou sistêmicos. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas brasileiros sobre a prescrição de antibióticos durante o tratamento periodontal. Material e método Foi disponibilizado um questionário online solicitando aplicação sistêmica de prescrição de antibióticos locais ou sistêmicos (frequência e sequência com tratamento periodontal mecânico) e em relação a diferentes doenças periodontais. A utilização de serviços de diagnóstico microbiano e dados demográficos dos voluntários também foram elucidados. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente (Teste Binomial, p<0,05). Resultado Trezentos e noventa e três voluntários responderam ao questionário. Vinte e três por cento do sexo masculino e 76,2% do sexo feminino. A idade média foi de 27,7 anos. A minoria (19,2%) dos voluntários relatou indicar antibióticos sistêmicos para tratamento de gengivite ou periodontite estágios I e II (antiga periodontite crônica leve e moderada). A maioria dos profissionais indica para tratar abscesso periodontal, gengivite ou periodontite ulcerativa necrosante, periodontite em imunodeficiências graves, periodontite agressiva antiga e periodontite estágios III e IV (periodontite crônica grave antiga). Raramente (2,5%) a prescrição foi sem a associação com terapia mecânica. Os exames microbiológicos como método auxiliar de diagnóstico raramente (3,1%) são solicitados por falta de informação ou custo. As respostas mais frequentes sobre o número de vezes que os profissionais relataram prescrever antibióticos sistêmicos como parte do tratamento periodontal por trimestre foram “pelo menos uma vez”, seguido de “2 vezes”. Conclusão Pode-se concluir que os cirurgiões-dentistas brasileiros possuem conhecimento sobre a correta prescrição de antibióticos na terapia periodontal. bacteriana cirurgiõesdentistas cirurgiões dentistas frequência mecânico periodontais elucidados Teste Binomial p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 . 0 05 p<0,05) 762 76 2 76,2 feminino 277 27 7 27, anos 19,2% 192 19 (19,2% moderada. moderada moderada) necrosante graves antiga. antiga) 2,5% 25 5 (2,5% mecânica 3,1% 31 3 1 (3,1% custo pelo vez, vez , vez” “ vezes. vezes” Podese Pode se p00 p<0,0 76, 19,2 (19,2 2,5 (2,5 3,1 (3,1 p0 p<0, 19, (19, 2, (2, 3, (3, p<0 (19 (2 (3 p< (1 (

Abstract Introduction Periodontal treatment involves procedures aimed to reduce bacterial load, involving or not the use of local or systemic antibiotics. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess Brazilian dentists’ knowledge about antibiotics prescription during periodontal treatment. Material and method An online questionnaire was available asking for systemic application of local or systemic antibiotics prescription (frequency, and sequence with mechanical periodontal treatment) and in relation to different periodontal diseases. The use of microbial diagnostic services and volunteers’ demographic data were also elucidated. Data were statistically analyzed (Binomial Test, p<0.05). Result Three hundred and ninety-three volunteers answered the questionnaire. Twenty-three percent males and 76.2% females. Average age was 27.7 years. Minority (19.2%) of the volunteers reported to indicate systemic antibiotics to treat gingivitis or periodontitis stages I and II (old slight and moderate chronic periodontitis). Majority of the professionals indicate it to treat periodontal abscess, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis or periodontitis, periodontitis in severe immunodeficiencies, old aggressive periodontitis, and periodontitis stages III and IV (old severe chronic periodontitis). Rarely (2.5%) the prescription was without the combination with mechanical therapy. Microbiological tests as an auxiliary diagnostic method are rarely (3.1%) requested due to lack of information or cost. Most frequent answers about the number of times professionals reported prescribing systemic antibiotics as part of periodontal treatment per trimester was “at least once”, followed by “2 times”. Conclusion It can be concluded that Brazilian dentists have knowledge about the correct prescription of antibiotics in periodontal therapy. load frequency, frequency (frequency diseases elucidated Binomial Test p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 . 0 05 p<0.05) ninetythree ninety three Twentythree Twenty 762 76 2 76.2 females 277 27 7 27. years 19.2% 192 19 (19.2% periodontitis. periodontitis) abscess immunodeficiencies 2.5% 25 5 (2.5% therapy 3.1% 31 3 1 (3.1% cost at once, once , once” “ times. times” p00 p<0.0 76. 19.2 (19.2 2.5 (2.5 3.1 (3.1 p0 p<0. 19. (19. 2. (2. 3. (3. p<0 (19 (2 (3 p< (1 (

ABSTRACT Introduction: chronic inflammatory periodontal disease, specifically deep periodontal disease, affects the tooth insertion structures and is characterized by bacterial exposure that can promote a destructive host response. Objective: to describe chronic inflammatory periodontal disease in pregnant women with hypertensive gravida disease. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in "Mártires del 9 de abril" Hospital of Sagua la Grande Municipality from January to December 2019. The population consisted of pregnant women over 19 years of age (65) who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of hypertensive gravida disease, the sample consisted of 56 pregnant women. The study variables were age, clinical form of hypertensive gravida disease, periodontal status and oral hygiene. Results: among the main results obtained, it was found that there was a slight predominance of obese patients (44.6%) and periodontitis (64%), regular oral hygiene prevailed in most of the patients and preeclampsia/eclampsia was the clinical form of hypertensive gravida disease that appeared in the greatest number of pregnant women suffering from periodontitis. Conclusions: deep chronic immunoinflammatory periodontal disease had a high incidence in pregnant women with hypertensive disease.

RESUMEN Introducción: la enfermedad periodontal inflamatoria crónica, específicamente la profunda, afecta las estructuras de inserción del diente y se caracteriza por una exposición bacteriana que puede fomentar una respuesta destructiva del huésped. Objetivo: describir la enfermedad periodontal inflamatoria crónica en gestantes que padecen enfermedad hipertensiva gravídica. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en Hospital "Mártires del 9 de abril” del Municipio Sagua la Grande de enero a diciembre de 2019. La población la conformaron las gestantes mayores de 19 años (65) que fueron hospitalizadas con diagnóstico de enfermedad hipertensiva gravídica, la muestra fue de 56 gestantes. Constituyeron variables de estudio la edad, la forma clínica de la enfermedad hipertensiva gravídica, el estado periodontal y la higiene bucal. Resultados: entre los principales resultados obtenidos se encontró que hubo un ligero predominio de las pacientes obesas (44,6%) y de la periodontitis (64%), la higiene bucal regular fue la que prevaleció en la mayoría de las enfermas y la preeclampsia/eclampsia resultó ser la forma clínica de la enfermedad hipertensiva gravídica que apareció en mayor número de gestantes que padecen periodontitis. Conclusiones: la enfermedad periodontal inmunoinflamatoria crónica profunda tuvo una elevada incidencia en gestantes que padecen enfermedad hipertensiva.