RESUMO: A batata-doce é uma cultura importante para a segurança alimentar com mercado mundial em ascensão. Com base nas alterações fisiológicas das plantas em resposta às condições climáticas e à fertilização, este estudo avaliou os efeitos da época de cultivo (período chuvoso e seco) e de doses de P2O5 (0, 50, 100, 200 e 400 kg ha-1) na produtividade total e por classes comerciais, bem como, a composição química das raízes de armazenamento de duas cultivares de batata-doce. A produtividade de raízes tuberosas foi maior na estação chuvosa. As doses ótimas agronômica e econômica foram de 128 e 95 kg ha-1 de P2O5 para a cultivar Canadense. A cultivar Uruguaiana não respondeu a adubação fosfatada, mas suas raízes tiveram maiores teores de matéria seca, lipídios, fibras, açúcares totais e redutores e amido. O cultivo de batata-doce no período chuvoso com doses de até 100 kg ha-1 de P2O5 aumenta a produtividade de raízes em classes de maior valor econômico e com maiores teores de carboidratos. Estes resultados ajudam os produtores a planejarem o plantio e a colheita da batata-doce ao longo do ano e contribui para a gestão da aplicação de fertilizantes fosfatados. RESUMO batatadoce batata doce ascensão fertilização seco PO P P2O 0, 0 (0 50 20 40 ha1 ha 1 comerciais como batatadoce. doce. chuvosa 12 9 ha- Canadense fosfatada seca lipídios fibras amido 10 carboidratos fosfatados ( 5 2 4

ABSTRACT: Sweet potato is an important food security crop, and the world market for this root is on the rise. Based on the physiological changes in plants in response to climatic conditions and fertilization, this study evaluated the effects of the growing season (rainy and dry season) and P2O5 doses (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 kg ha-1) on total yield, marketable classes yields, as well as chemical composition of storage roots of two sweet potato cultivars. The storage roots yield was greater in the rainy season. The optimum agronomic and economic doses were 128 and 95 kg ha-1 P2O5 for the cultivar Canadense. Cultivar Uruguaiana did not respond to phosphate fertilization, but its storage roots had higher contents of dry matter, lipids, fibers, total and reducing sugars, and starch. Sweet potato cultivation in the rainy season with doses up to 100 kg ha-1 P2O5 increase root yield in marketable size classes in higher economic value and with higher carbohydrate contents. The results can help producers schedule the planting and harvesting of sweet potatoes throughout the year and contribute to the seasonal management of phosphate fertilizer application. ABSTRACT crop rise fertilization PO P O P2O 0, 0 (0 50 20 40 ha1 ha 1 yields cultivars 12 9 ha- Canadense matter lipids fibers sugars starch 10 application ( 5 2 4

ABSTRACT In regions with water shortages, detailed planning on water resource use is essential. The use of climate models for short- and medium-range forecasts is an important strategy for obtaining early information on the water requirements of crops and the water regime of a particular basin. This study aimed to assess the performance of seasonal climate forecasts and their applicability in estimating irrigation needs. To that end, the Simulation Model for Irrigation Strategies and climate forecast data derived from the Eta model were used. To analyze simulations, five members (days 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17) of the seasonal forecasts of rainfall and reference evapotranspiration for every month between 2001 and 2012 were used. The spread for reference evapotranspiration demonstrated that the model was unable to reproduce the behavior of this variable during the dry period. Comparison between forecasts months in advance showed no significant differences between the rainfall and the reference evapotranspiration forecasts. However, the results obtained for a one-month lead-time forecast exhibited superior performance. shortages essential short mediumrange medium range basin needs end used simulations days 13 14 15 1 17 200 201 period However onemonth one leadtime lead time 20 2

RESUMO Em regiões com baixa disponibilidade hídrica é de grande importância um planejamento mais detalhado sobre o uso de recursos hídricos. A utilização de modelos climáticos destinados às previsões de curto e médio prazo se apresenta como uma estratégia importante para se obter informações antecipadas acerca da demanda hídrica de culturas e do regime hídrico de determinada bacia. Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar o desempenho das previsões climáticas sazonais e sua aplicabilidade na estimativa da demanda de irrigação. Para tanto, utilizou-se o Modelo de Simulação de Estratégias de Irrigação e dados de previsão climática derivados do modelo Eta. Para análise das simulações, foi utilizado um conjunto de cinco membros (dias 13, 14, 15, 16 e 17) de previsão sazonal de precipitação e evapotranspiração de referência para cada mês entre o período de 2001 a 2012. O espalhamento para a evapotranspiração de referência demonstrou que o modelo não foi capaz de reproduzir o comportamento desta variável durante o período seco. Comparação entre previsões com os meses de antecedência não demonstraram diferenças significativas entre previsões da precipitação e da evapotranspiração de referência. Contudo, os resultados obtidos para as previsões com um mês de antecedência apresentaram melhor desempenho. hídricos bacia Objetivouse, Objetivouse Objetivou se, Objetivou-se estudo irrigação tanto utilizouse utilizou Eta simulações dias 13 14 15 1 17 200 2012 seco Contudo 20 201 2

Abstract Introduction: The use of arthropods in ecological studies in the tropical dry forest (TDF) of Colombia focused mainly on spiders, butterflies, ants, and dung beetles; therefore, it is necessary to understand the seasonal dynamics of the other groups such as Geadephaga in this ecosystem. Objective: To evaluate the spatio-temporal variations and the effect of environmental conditions on the diversity of the Geadephaga communities in two TDF fragments in the Colombian Caribbean. Methods: This study was conducted during four sampling events between February and June 2018, each lasting four days, and four nights. Four sampling stations were selected in each locality (Reserva Campesina La Montaña = RCM and Reserva La Flecha = RLF), separated 350 m one from another, with square plots of 50 × 50 m. A light trap was installed in the center of each square, while pitfall traps were installed in the four vertices, and manual capture, beating sheets and leaf litter sieve were carried out. Results: A total of 348 Carabidae and 114 of Cicindelidae were captured. In both fragments, the richness and abundance presented the lowest values in dry season, while the highest values were observed during the rainy season. Tetracha affinis (Dejean, 1825) was the most abundant species in RCM during rainy season. Conclusions: The richness variation and abundance of Geadephaga corresponds to a seasonal pattern at both locations. A high dissimilarity between the communities of Geadephaga from the two fragments was found, despite having similar environmental conditions.

Resumen Introducción: El uso de artrópodos en estudios ecológicos en el bosque seco tropical (Bs-T) de Colombia se centra mayormente en arañas, mariposas, hormigas y escarabajos coprófagos; por lo tanto, es necesario comprender como es la dinámica estacional de otros grupos como Geadephaga en este ecosistema. Objetivo: Evaluar la variación espacio-temporal y el efecto de las condiciones ambientales sobre la diversidad de las comunidades de Geadephaga en dos fragmentos de Bs-T en el Caribe colombiano. Métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo en cuatro eventos de muestreo entre febrero y junio de 2018; cada uno con una duración de cuatro días y cuatro noches. En cada localidad (Reserva Campesina La Montaña = RCM y Reserva La Flecha = RLF), se marcaron cuatro estaciones distanciadas 350 m, con parcelas de 50×50 m. En el centro de cada parcela se instaló una trampa de luz, mientras que en los cuatro vértices se instalaron trampas de caída, y se realizó captura manual, cernido de hojarasca y perturbación de follaje. Resultados: Se capturó un total de 348 ejemplares de Carabidae y 114 de Cicindelidae. La riqueza y la abundancia presentaron los valores más bajos durante el período seco, mientras que los mayores valores se observaron durante el período de lluvias, en ambos fragmentos. Tetracha affinis (Dejean, 1825) fue la especie más abundante en la RCM durante el período lluvioso. Conclusiones: La variación de la riqueza y abundancia de Geadephaga responde a un patrón estacional en ambos fragmentos. Se encontró una amplia disimilitud entre las comunidades de Geadephaga de ambos fragmentos, pese a tener condiciones ambientales parecidas.

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the leaf spectral response of three native timber forest species in the tropical dry forest: Diomate (Astronium graveolens Jacq.), Choibá (Dipteryx oleifera Benth.), and Algarrobo (Hymenaea courbaril L.). The study was conducted at the León Morales Soto Arboretum and Palmetum, at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia in Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia. Spectral data from the leaves were collected in situ using the portable spectroradiometer ASD FieldSpec HandHeld-2, which operates with a spectral resolution of 1 nm (resampled to 10 nm) and covers a spectral range between 325 and 1,075 nm (limited to 400-900 nm). Based on the measurements, the behavior and spectral variability of the species were evaluated. One-factor Analysis of Variance and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U-test were implemented in reflectance spectra to select the optimal narrow bands for species discrimination. The classification capacity of the selected narrow bands was assessed using the K-nearest neighbors' algorithm. It was found that A. graveolens and H. courbaril exhibited spectral signatures typical of healthy vegetation, while D. oleifera showed spectral changes during the early stages of senescence. Regarding spectral separability, 23 narrow bands in the visible region and near-infrared region were identified as optimal for distinguishing the plant species. The supervised classification algorithm applied to these 23 narrow bands achieved an overall accuracy of 95.8%. In conclusion, these findings provide valuable insights into the spectral response of important tropical species and contribute to their conservation efforts by enhancing understanding of their unique spectral characteristics in diverse and heterogeneous ecosystems like tropical forests.

RESUMEN Esta investigación analizó la respuesta espectral foliar de tres especies forestales maderables nativas del bosque seco tropical, Diomate (Astronium graveolens Jacq.), Choibá (Dipteryx oleifera Benth.) y Algarrobo (Hymenaea courbaril L.). El estudio se efectuó en el Arboretum y Palmetum León Morales Soto de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia. Los datos espectrales de las hojas se colectaron in situ con el espectrorradiómetro portátil ASD FieldSpec HandHeld-2, que trabaja con una resolución espectral de 1 nm (remuestreada a 10 nm) y un rango espectral entre 325 y 1.075 nm (acotado entre 400 y 900 nm). A partir de las mediciones, se evaluó el comportamiento y la variabilidad espectral de las especies. Se implementó el Análisis de Varianza de un factor y la prueba U de Mann - Whitney - Wilcoxon en los espectros de reflectancia con el fin de seleccionar las bandas estrechas óptimas para discriminar las especies. Se evaluó la capacidad de clasificación de las especies en las bandas estrechas seleccionadas, utilizando el algoritmo de los K vecinos más cercanos. Encontrando que A. graveolens e H. courbaril presentaron firmas espectrales típicas de la vegetación saludable y D. oleifera evidenció cambios espectrales en el período inicial de la senescencia. Respecto a la separabilidad espectral, se encontraron 23 bandas estrechas en la región visible e infrarrojo cercano óptimas para diferenciar las especies vegetales. El algoritmo de clasificación supervisada aplicado en las 23 bandas estrechas, tuvo una precisión general del 95,8%. En conclusión, estos hallazgos proporcionan valiosos conocimientos sobre la respuesta espectral de importantes especies tropicales y contribuyen a sus esfuerzos de conservación al mejorar la comprensión de sus características espectrales únicas en ecosistemas diversos y heterogéneos como el bosque tropical.

Resumen Se presenta la proyección climática de los regímenes de temperatura y precipitación en la provincia Holguín para el mediano plazo (2031-2060) y el largo plazo (2061-2090), respecto al período base 1971-2000. Se utilizaron las salidas del modelo climático global HadGEM-ES para los escenarios climáticos RCP (trayectorias de concentración representativas) RCP4,5 y RCP8,5. Al mismo tiempo, se emplearon los datos climáticos de las estaciones meteorológicas de Cabo Lucrecia, La Jíquima y Pinares de Mayarí en el período 1971-2005, las cuales son representativas de las zonas costera, interior y montañosa de la provincia respectivamente. Se aplicó la corrección BIAS (error medio) a partir del método delta y la interpolación por los métodos del inverso de la distancia y bilineal; en tanto, se contrastaron los valores del modelo HadGEM-ES con las observaciones de las estaciones meteorológicas utilizando como métricas de comparación los errores BIAS, RSME (raíz del error cuadrático medio, por sus siglas en inglés) y el Diagrama de Taylor. La corrección BIAS a partir del método delta permitió reducir los sesgos entre los valores anuales proyectados y los observados en el orden de 10-3 para la temperatura y 0,1 mm para la precipitación. Los resultados muestran que el clima de la provincia Holguín, referido a los regímenes de temperatura y precipitación, estaría transitando a ser más cálido y seco a la vez, con una posible redistribución de la precipitación dentro del año.

Abstract The climate projection of the temperature and precipitation regimes in the Holguín province for the medium term (2031-2060) and the long term (2061-2090), with respect to the base period 1971-2000 is presented. The outputs of the HadGEM-ES global climate model for the RCP (representative concentration trajectories) RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios were used. At the same time, climatic data from the meteorological stations of Cabo Lucrecia, La Jíquima and Pinares de Mayarí in the period 1971-2005, which are representative of the coastal, inland and mountainous areas of the province respectively were used. The BIAS correction (mean error) was applied using the delta method and interpolation using the inverse distance and bilinear methods; Meanwhile, the values of the HadGEM-ES model were contrasted with observations from meteorological stations using BIAS, RSME (root mean square error) and Taylor Diagram errors as comparison metrics. The BIAS correction based on the delta method allowed us to reduce the biases between the projected and observed annual values in the order of 10-3 for temperature and 0.1 mm for precipitation. The results show that the climate of the Holguín province, referring to the temperature and precipitation regimes, would be becoming warmer and drier at the same time, with a possible redistribution of precipitation within the year.

Resumen El fréjol es un cultivo importante debido a su alto valor nutritivo. En los últimos años la producción en Ecuador de este cultivo ha disminuido drásticamente debido entre otros factores a ineficientes procesos y falta de tecnificación en la producción. Entender cómo se generan y determinan los componentes del rendimiento del grano es primordial para diseñar estrategias que permitan aumentar el rendimiento del cultivo. En este estudio, se modificó la densidad de plantas con el objetivo de evaluar su impacto sobre el número de granos, peso de granos y rendimiento, bajo condiciones de campo en una región andina de Ecuador. Se realizaron dos experimentos sembrados en fechas distintas, donde se evaluaron densidades de plantas contrastantes 4 y 11 plantas m−2. El efecto de los tratamientos se estudió sobre la duración del periodo emergencia - antesis, el número de vainas llenas y vanas, el número de granos, el peso seco de 100 granos y el rendimiento de grano. Los resultados indican que la densidad de plantas tiene un efecto significativo (p<0,05) sobre el rendimiento, alcanzando un promedio de 257,15 g m−2 en alta densidad y 151,45 g m−2 en baja densidad. Los componentes principales del rendimiento mostraron una respuesta distinta a la modificación de la densidad de plantas; el número de granos presentó una fuerte variabilidad y fue positivamente asociado con el rendimiento final del grano (p<0,05), mientras que el peso del grano no fue afectado.

Abstract Common bean is an important crop due to its high nutritional value. However, its production in Ecuador has decreased due to biotic and abiotic factors. Understanding the mechanisms that determine the yield components of this crop is essential to establish strategies that allow increasing the yield. In this study, the plant density was modified to evaluate its impact on yield and its two main components, the grain number and grain weight under field conditions in an Andean region of Ecuador. Two experiments planted on different dates were performed, where two planting densities 4 and 11 plants m−2 were evaluated. The effect of the treatments was studied on the length of the period, from emergence to anthesis, the number of full and empty pods, grain number, 100 grain weight and grain yield. The results indicate that the plant density has a significant effect (p<0.05) on the yield, reaching an average of 257.15 g m−2 in high density, and 151.45 g m−2 in low density. The yield main components showed a different response to plant density modification; the grain number exhibited a strong variability and was positively associated with final grain yield (p<0.05) while the grain weight was not affected.

The Cuban industry La Purísima produces sauces and dressings for the national gastronomy; but it does not have a process for the deposition of chicken eggshells, as a result, 220 kg of eggshells are dumped daily, which generate a negative impact on the environment. The research evaluates the drying of hen eggshells with protein membrane on a laboratory scale, with a view to revalorizing this waste in the production of a calcium-rich poultry feed supplement. The calcium carbonate content of the shell was determined to confirm the potential application of the residue. The drying curve and drying rate curve was obtained by experimental measurement in a drying oven under aeration at 90 °C. The calcium carbonate content of the residue was 93,33 %. The drying curve was fitted to an exponential mathematical model as a function of the drying constant and the moisture in equilibrium at a temperature of 90 °C. The drying regime of the solid presented a period of decreasing drying rate up to a moisture value of 0,021 kg of water / kg of dry solid, for lower values, this presented a deviation from the exponential function in its rate. The utilization of residual eggshells proved to be an attractive source of calcium carbonate with potential for its use in the production of feed supplement for poultry.

RESUMEN En la Industria cubana La Purísima se producen salsas y aderezos para la gastronomía nacional; pero no dispone de un proceso para la deposición de las cáscaras de huevo de gallina, como resultado, se vierten diariamente 220 kg de cáscaras que generan un impacto negativo en el medio ambiente. La investigación evalúa el secado de las cáscaras de huevo de gallina con membrana proteica a escala de laboratorio, con vistas a revalorizar este residuo en la producción de un suplemento alimenticio para aves de corral rico en calcio. Se determinó el contenido de carbonato de calcio en la cáscara para confirmar la aplicación potencial del residuo. La curva de secado y del régimen de secado se obtuvo por medición experimental en un secadero bajo aireación a 90 °C. El contenido de carbonato de calcio en el residual fue de 93,33 %. La curva de secado se ajustó a un modelo matemático exponencial en función de la constante de secado y la humedad en equilibrio a una temperatura de 90 °C. El régimen de secado del sólido presentó un período de velocidad de secado decreciente hasta un valor de humedad de 0,021 kg de agua / kg de sólido seco, para valores inferiores presentó una desviación de la función exponencial en su velocidad. El aprovechamiento de las cáscaras de huevo residuales resultó ser una fuente atractiva de carbonato de calcio con potencialidades para su utilización en la elaboración de suplemento alimenticio para aves de corral.

ABSTRACT Weed competition is one of the factors that limit cowpea production in the world, causing losses of up to 90% of grain yield and quality. Knowledge of the critical period of weed competition (CPC) is important to prevent significant losses of grain and resources in the production process. The objective was to determine the critical period of weed competition in the cultivation of cowpea beans, Missouri cultivar, in two sowing seasons: dry (2022B) and rainy (2023A) of warm dry Colombian Caribbean. The randomized complete block design was used with eight treatments and four repetitions. The first four treatments corresponded to manual control of weeds in the intervals 0-10, 0-20, 0-30 and 0-50 days after emergence (DAE), the second four treatments corresponded to the crop-weed coexistence, in the same intervals. Cowpea grain yield, dry mass, cover and weed community composition were evaluated. The critical period of competition of weeds in the cowpea crop for the dry and rainy seasons was 14-33 and 14-29 days after emergence, respectively. The reduction in grain yield was 65.2% in the dry season and 80.46% in the rainy season. Rottboellia cochinchinensis had the highest occurrence rate with 30.3% and a density of 90 individuals per m2; which is important for the agronomic management of the crop in the humid Caribbean subregion.

RESUMEN La competencia con arvenses es uno de los factores que limitan la producción del fríjol caupí en el mundo, causando pérdidas de hasta 90% del rendimiento y calidad de grano. El conocimiento del periodo crítico de competencia de las arvenses es importante para prevenir pérdidas significativas de grano y recursos en el proceso productivo. El objetivo fue determinar el periodo crítico de competencia de las arvenses en el cultivo de fríjol caupí, cultivar Missouri, en dos estaciones de siembra: seco (2022B) y lluvioso (2023A) del Caribe colombiano cálido y seco. Se utilizó el diseño bloques completos aleatorizados con ocho tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los primeros cuatro tratamientos correspondieron al control manual de arvenses en los intervalos 0-10, 0-20, 0-30 y 0-50 días después de la emergencia (DDE), los segundos cuatro tratamientos correspondieron a la coexistencia cultivo-arvense, en los mismos intervalos. Se evaluó el rendimiento de grano del caupí, y masa seca, cobertura y composición de la comunidad de arvenses. El periodo crítico de competencia de las arvenses en el cultivo de fríjol caupí para la estación seca y lluviosa fue de 14-33 y 14-29 DDE. La reducción del rendimiento de grano fue de 65,2% en la estación seca y de 80,46%, en la estación lluviosa. Rottboellia cochinchinensis, fue la de mayor índice de ocurrencia con 30,3% y densidad de 90 individuos por m2; lo cual es importante para el manejo agronómico del cultivo en la subregión Caribe húmedo.

SUMMARY: The study evaluates the ecosystem services associated with the woodland and shrubland located in the Guajira region of Colombia, characterized as Tropical Dry Forest in the serrania Macuira where communities of the Wayuu native tribe are settled. The open shrubland (OS) and dense shrubland (DS) plant covers were evaluated; three sampling points were selected per cover, in which circular plots with an area of 1,000 m2 were drawn, in each plot, an inventory of the tree component was carried out and the main uses by the community were identified. 20 species and 12 botanical families were found. The species with the greatest dominance in the AA was Prosopis juliflora with an importance value index (IVI) of 157.30 % and in the AD Handroanthus billbergii (IVI 116.81 %); the biodiversity indices did not show statistical differences between the vegetation covers. The carbon storage showed significant statistical differences, the DS accumulated 30.75 t C ha-1 and the OS 12.44 t C ha-1. En relation to CO2 emissions, two scenarios were proposed for the period 2021- 2030: the first, deforestation remains at an annual rate of 0.94 % and emissions from deforestation of 3.72 t CO2-eq ha-1are generated in the OS and 9.20 t CO2-eq ha-1 for the DS. In the second scenario, tree covers are conserved and no emissions are generated from deforestation. 17 useful species were found in the community, of which 16 are used as forage and 13 have medicinal and ethnoveterinary value.

RESUMEN: El estudio evalúa los servicios ecosistémicos asociados a los bosques y matorrales ubicados en la región de La Guajira de Colombia, caracterizados como Bosque Seco Tropical en la Serranía Macuira, donde se asientan comunidades de la tribu nativa Wayúu. Se evaluaron las coberturas vegetales Arbustal Abierto (AA) y Arbustal Denso (AD), se seleccionaron tres puntos de muestreo por cobertura, en los que se trazaron parcelas circulares con un área 1.000 m2, en cada parcela se realizó el inventario del componente arbóreo e identificaron los principales usos por la comunidad. Se hallaron 20 especies y 12 familias botánicas. La especie con mayor dominancia en la AA fue Prosopis juliflora con un Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI) de 157,30 % y en la AD Handroanthus billbergii (IVI 116,81 %); los índices de biodiversidad no arrojaron diferencias estadísticas entre las coberturas vegetales. El almacenamiento de carbono mostró diferencias estadísticas significativas, la AD acumuló 30,75 t C ha-1 y la AA 12,44 t C ha-1. En relación con las emisiones de CO2 , se plantearon dos escenarios para el período 2021-2030: en el primero, la deforestación se mantiene a una tasa anual de 0,94 % y se generan emisiones por deforestación de 3,72 t CO2-eq ha-1 en el AA y 9,20 t CO2-eq ha-1 para el AD. En el segundo escenario se conservan las coberturas arbóreas y no se generan emisiones por deforestación. Se encontraron 17 especies útiles en la comunidad, de las cuales 16 son empleadas como forraje y 13 presentan valor medicinal y etnoveterinario.

ABSTRACT: Cowpea is a food crop representing an important source of proteins and income, mainly for people living in the north and northeast of Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the growth performance of two cowpea cultivars under four different ionic concentrations of the growth solution. Thus, a pot experiment was performed using the sand culture technique and set up in a completely randomized design with a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, using four replications and one plant per plot. After the period of growth, the parameters such as length of the shoot, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of secondary branches, number of pods, fresh weight of the stem, stem dry mass, leaf dry mass, shoot dry mass, and root/shoot ratio were obtained. The results pointed out that there was a significant interaction effect on parameters like stem diameter, leaf dry mass, shoot dry mass, and number of leaves. Both cultivars were strongly responsive to changes in ionic concentration, indicating a greater biomass production at ionic concentrations of 90% and 120%. A greater growth performance for BRS Rouxinol than BRS Itaim was observed, while the second cultivar indicated a high tolerance as exposed to the highest ionic concentrations. ABSTRACT income Brazil solution Thus scheme plot diameter leaves branches pods mass rootshoot root obtained concentration 90 120 120% observed 9 12 1

RESUMO: O feijão-caupi é um alimento que representa uma importante fonte de proteínas, e também de renda, sobretudo para os produtores rurais do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de crescimento de duas cultivares de feijão caupi sob diferentes concentrações iônicas da solução nutritiva. Para tanto, um experimento em vasos foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramento casualizado com arranjo fatorial 2 x 4, utilizando quatro repetições e um planta por parcela. Após o período de crescimento, os parâmetros tais como: comprimento do ramo principal, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, número de ramos secundários, número de vagens, peso fresco do caule, peso seco do caule, peso seco das folhas, peso seco da parte aérea e a relação raiz parte aérea foram obtidas. Os resultados apontaram que houve interação significativa dos fatores sobre o diâmetro do caule, peso seco das folhas, peso seco da parte aérea e o número de folhas. Ambas as cultivares foram responsivas a mudança na concentração iônica da soução, revelando maior rendimento de biomassa nas concentrações de 90% e 120%. Uma maior performance de crescimento foi constatada para BRS Rouxinol comparado a BRS Itaim, enquanto a segunda cultivar mostrou elevada tolerância às altas concentrações iônicas na solução. RESUMO feijãocaupi proteínas renda Brasil nutritiva tanto 4 parcela como principal caule folhas secundários vagens obtidas soução 90 120 120% Itaim 9 12 1

ABSTRACT Introduction: Digital visual syndrome or digital visual fatigue is a disease caused by the ocular fatigue provoked by spending much time in front of a screen. Objective: To diagnose the digital visual syndrome in patients under 35 years assisted in the refraction service. Methods: A prospective descriptive and cross-sectional study of patients assisted in the refraction service of the Specialties Polyclinic in Saturnino Lora Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital, was carried out from April to June, 2022. Results: There was a prevalence of patients aged 26 and 35 and female sex; the most frequent symptoms were visual fatigue, ocular burning, dry eye sensation, closely blurred vision, red eye and headache after visual effort. The most used digital devices were the cellphone and the computer with a time of use from one to three hours, with emphasis in the last one with more than 4 hours. The refractive defects constituted the main cause of visual limitations. The patients with digital visual syndrome and some type of ametropia without correction were those with more symptoms, followed by the patients inadequately corrected. Conclusions: This syndrome affects the youngest population to a great extent. The appropriate interrogation and the incorporation of correct procedures in the daily optometric study allowed the diagnosis of such a syndrome in the assisted patients and the pertinent optic correction.

RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome visual informático o fatiga visual digital es una enfermedad causada por el cansancio ocular que provoca el pasar mucho tiempo frente a una pantalla. Objetivo: Diagnosticar el síndrome visual informático en pacientes menores de 35 años atendidos en la consulta de refracción. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo y transversal de pacientes atendidos en la consulta de refracción del Policlínico Especialidades del Hospital Provincial Docente Clínicoquirúrgico Saturnino Lora, durante el periodo de abril a junio de 2022. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes en las edades comprendidas entre 26 y 35 años y del sexo femenino; los síntomas más frecuentes fueron el cansancio visual, ardor ocular, sensación de ojo seco, visión borrosa de cerca, ojo rojo y el dolor de cabeza después del esfuerzo visual. Los dispositivos digitales más usados fueron el celular y la computadora con un tiempo de uso de una a tres horas, destacándose este último con un tiempo superior a 4 horas. Los defectos refractivos constituyeron la principal causa de limitaciones visuales. Los pacientes con síndrome visual informático y alguna ametropía sin corrección fueron los que mayor cantidad de síntomas tuvieron, seguidos de los pacientes corregidos inadecuadamente. Conclusiones: Este síndrome afecta en gran medida a la población más joven. El adecuado interrogatorio y la incorporación de los procedimientos correctos en el estudio optométrico diario permitió el diagnóstico de tal síndrome en los pacientes atendidos y la corrección óptica pertinente.

Resumen La aplicación de herbicidas preemergentes es una estrategia de control de malezas, sin embargo, estos productos deben presentar residualidad para el control de diferentes flujos germinativos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de herbicidas preemergentes en diferentes flujos de germinación de Merremia aegyptia, Mucuna aterrima y Ricinus communis, cuando se aplican sobre diferentes cantidades de paja y diferentes períodos secos simulados. El experimento se realizó en un diseño factorial 4 × 2 × 2 con cuatro repeticiones, el tratamiento incluye cuatro períodos secos (0, 30, 60 y 90), dos cantidades de paja (0 y 10 t ha-1) y dos flujos de germinación. Los herbicidas amicarbazona (1225 g ha-1); imazapic (147 g ha-1), sulfentrazona (800 g ha-1) y tebuthiuron (900 g ha-1), se aplicaron para el control de malezas antes de la emergencia, y los flujos de flujo de germinación se evaluaron a los 7, 14, 21, 28 y 35 días después de la emergencia de especies (DAE), mientras se verifica la masa seca. La amicarbazona presentó una reducción del control para todas las especies en los periodos secos más prolongados y presencia de paja. La amicarbazona mostró menos del 80% de control para todas las especies a los 90 días del período seco en presencia de paja. Imazapic no presentó residuo control para ninguna de las especies analizadas. Para sulfentrazona, la cantidad de paja no afectó el control de las malezas en diferentes flujos de germinación, mostrando el mismo patrón de control independientemente de la cantidad de paja, porcentajes de control superiores al 80% independientemente de la cantidad de paja. Los herbicidas asociados a cantidades de paja y periodos secos tienen impacto sobre las especies de malezas M.aegyptia, M.aterrima y R. communis.

Abstract Preemergent herbicides are a frequent weed control strategy. Considering different crop germinative fluxes, these products must present long-lasting weed control. This study evaluated preemergent herbicides in different germination fluxes of Merremia aegyptia, Mucuna aterrima and Ricinus communis when applied to different quantities of straw and different simulated dry periods. The experiment was conducted in a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial design with four replications. The treatments included four dry periods (0, 30, 60, and 90 days), two straw quantities (0 and 10 t ha-1), and two germination fluxes. The herbicides amicarbazone (1225 g ha-1), imazapic (147 g ha-1), sulfentrazone (800 g ha-1), and tebuthiuron (900 g ha-1) were applied for preemergence weed control, and germination flush fluxes were evaluated at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after emergence (DAE) while verifying plant dry mass. Amicarbazone controlled less than 80% of the studied species at the 90-day dry period in the presence of straw. Imazapic did not present control residue for any of the species analyzed. Sulfentrazone showed the same control pattern at all germination fluxes, regardless of the amount of straw. Tebuthiuron successfully controlled all species in the first germination flush, exceeding 80% regardless of the amount of straw. Herbicides associated with straw quantities and dry periods have a significant impact on M. aegyptiaca, M. aterrima and R. communis.

Resumo O milho é uma cultura de importância econômica mundial e é amplamente cultivada em todo o território brasileiro. O uso de bioestimulantes pode aumentar e melhorar o rendimento das culturas. Veículos aéreos não tripulados podem ser empregados em campos aráveis, permitindo sua utilização de forma econômica. Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de bioestimulante e a melhor época de aplicação utilizando índices fotogramétricos em milho e indicar o índice de planta mais adequado para aumento de produtividade através da correlação de Pearson. Foi utilizado o Drone DJI acoplado com câmera RGB, e as imagens foram processadas através do software AgisoftPhotoscan® para geração do ortomosaico, e o software QGIS® versão 3.4.15 com GRASS foi utilizado para geração de mapas temáticos com a classificação dos índices de vegetação (NGRDI, ExG, SAVI, TGI, GLI, RI). Também foi criada uma matriz de coeficientes de correlação de Pearson entre as variáveis, e os resultados foram analisados com o software R. De modo geral, os produtos Extrato Pirolenhoso (PE) e Produto Hormonal (HP) foram os melhores para as duas épocas estudadas. Entretanto, o HP foi o melhor produto para mitigar o estresse hídrico das plantas no período seco. A aplicação no estádio fenológico V3 apresentou menor crescimento no período chuvoso e a aplicação nas sementes no período seco. A dose 4 do extrato pirolenhoso aumentou a produtividade no período chuvoso e o nível 3,4 para o produto hormonal. Dentre os índices avaliados, apenas o índice SAVI apresentou diferenças significativas entre os demais e mostrou significância para a produtividade nos dois períodos. brasileiro culturas aráveis Objetivouse Objetivou se RGB AgisoftPhotoscan ortomosaico QGIS 3415 3 15 3.4.1 NGRDI, NGRDI (NGRDI ExG TGI GLI RI. RI . RI) variáveis R geral PE (PE (HP estudadas Entretanto seco V 34 3, hormonal avaliados períodos 341 1 3.4. 3.4 3.

Abstract Maize is a crop of global economic importance and is widely cultivated throughout the Brazilian territory. The use of biostimulants can increase yield and improve crop yield. Unmanned aerial vehicles can be employed in arable areas, allowing their use in an economically way. This study to evaluate the use of biostimulant and the best application timing using photogrammetric indexes in maize, and indicate the most suitable plant index for yield increase through a Pearson's correlation. The DJI Drone coupled with RGB camera was used, and the images were processed through the AgisoftPhotoscan® software to generate the orthomosaic, and the QGIS® software version 3.4.15 with GRASS was used to generate thematic maps with the classification of the indexes of vegetation (NGRDI, EXG, SAVI, TGI, GLI, RI). A matrix of Pearson correlation coefficients between the variables was also created, and the results were analyzed with the R software. In general, the products Pyroligneous Extract (PE) and the hormonal product (HP) were the best for the two seasons studied. However, the HP was the best product to mitigate plant water stress in the dry period. Application at phenological stage V3 showed the lowest growth in the rainy season and in application to the seeds in the dry season. Dose 4 of the pyroligneous extract increased productivity in the rainy season and level 3.4 for the hormone product. Among the indexes evaluated, only the SAVI index showed significant differences between the others and showed significance for productivity in the two periods. territory areas way maize Pearsons s AgisoftPhotoscan orthomosaic QGIS 3415 3 15 3.4.1 NGRDI, NGRDI (NGRDI EXG TGI GLI RI. RI . RI) created general PE (PE (HP studied However period V 34 3. evaluated periods 341 1 3.4.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze teleconsultation at a public ophthalmic teaching hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Methods: Medical records of patients who requested ophthalmological teleconsultation between June 2020 and March 2021 were reviewed. The main outcomes included demographic data, eye disease symptoms, hypothesized diagnosis, and management. Moreover, the results of a satisfaction survey administered after the consultation were analyzed. Results: Medical records of a total of 161 patients were reviewed. The mean age was 45.98 ± 17.57 (8-90) years, and most were women (113, 70.20%). Only 57 (35.60%) of the patients had made previous follow-up visits to the hospital. The most frequent reason for consultation was the need for a new eyeglass prescription (73, 45.34%), followed by dry eye symptoms (16, 9.93%) and pterygium (13, 8.07%). Other reasons were the monitoring of previously diagnosed eye diseases, such as glaucoma, retinopathies, strabismus, and keratoconus. Regarding the satisfaction survey, 151 (93.78%) patients answered the online questionnaire. Most reported that they were satisfied with the teleconsultation (94.03%) and would participate in a future teleconsultation (90.06%). Conclusion: Teleconsultation could be widely used to assist patients in public ophthalmology healthcare and teaching hospitals. Even though new eyeglass prescriptions are a frequent reason for ophthalmological appointments, patients tend to be satisfied with teleconsultation, as it also provides guidance. Purpose COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Brazil Methods 202 reviewed data diagnosis management Moreover analyzed Results 16 4598 45 98 45.9 1757 17 17.5 890 8 90 (8-90 years 113, 113 (113 70.20%. 7020 70.20% . 70 20 70.20%) 5 35.60% 3560 35 60 (35.60% followup follow up 73, 73 (73 45.34%, 4534 45.34% , 34 45.34%) 16, (16 9.93% 993 9 93 13, 13 (13 8.07%. 807 8.07% 07 8.07%) diseases glaucoma retinopathies strabismus keratoconus 15 93.78% 9378 78 (93.78% questionnaire 94.03% 9403 94 03 (94.03% 90.06%. 9006 90.06% 06 (90.06%) Conclusion hospitals appointments guidance COVID1 1 COVID- 459 4 45. 175 17. 89 (8-9 11 (11 702 70.20 7 2 35.60 356 3 6 (35.60 (7 453 45.34 (1 9.93 99 80 8.07 0 93.78 937 (93.78 94.03 940 (94.03 900 90.06 (90.06% (8- 70.2 35.6 (35.6 ( 45.3 9.9 8.0 93.7 (93.7 94.0 (94.0 90.0 (90.06 (8 70. 35. (35. 9. 8. 93. (93. 94. (94. 90. (90.0 (35 (93 (94 (90. (3 (9 (90

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a teleconsulta em um hospital público de ensino oftalmológico, durante o período da pandemia do COVID-19. Métodos: Foram revisados os registros médicos dos pacientes que solicitaram teleconsulta oftalmológica, no período de Junho de 2020 a Março de 2021. Os resultados incluem dados demográficos, sintomas de queixas oculares e hipóteses diagnósticas. Além disso, foram analisados dados da pesquisa de satisfação aplicada após cada teleconsulta. Resultados: Um total de 161 prontuários foram revisados. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 45.98 ± 17.57 (8 a 90) anos, a maioria mulheres, 113 (70,20%). Apenas 57 (35,60%) eram pacientes acompanhados no hospital previamente. A principal razão pela busca pela teleconsulta foi o erro refracional, 73 (45.43%), seguido de olho seco, 16 (9.93%), pterígio, 13 (8.07%). Outros motivos foram o acompanhamento de doenças prévias como glaucoma, retinopatias, miopia, estrabismo e ceratocone. Quanto a pesquisa de satisfação, 151(93,87%) pacientes responderam a pesquisa on-line. A maioria deles mostrou-se satisfeito com a teleconsulta (94.03%) e fariam uma nova teleconsulta (90.06%). Conclusão: A teleconsulta pode auxiliar a saúde pública em oftalmologia podendo ser utilizada em hospitais universitários. Embora o erro refracional tenha sido o motivo mais frequente nas consultas, os pacientes mostraram-se satisfeitos com essa modalidade de atendimento que serve como um serviço de orientação. Objetivo oftalmológico COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 Métodos oftalmológica 202 2021 demográficos diagnósticas disso Resultados 4598 45 98 45.9 1757 17 17.5 8 ( 90 anos mulheres 11 70,20%. 7020 70,20% . 70 20 (70,20%) 5 35,60% 3560 35 60 (35,60% previamente 7 45.43%, 4543 45.43% , 43 (45.43%) seco 1 9.93%, 993 9.93% 9 93 (9.93%) pterígio 8.07%. 807 8.07% 07 (8.07%) glaucoma retinopatias miopia ceratocone 15193,87% 1519387 151 93,87% 87 151(93,87% online. online on line. line on-line mostrouse mostrou se 94.03% 9403 94 03 (94.03% 90.06%. 9006 90.06% 06 (90.06%) Conclusão universitários consultas mostraramse mostraram orientação COVID1 COVID-1 459 4 45. 175 17. 702 70,20 2 (70,20% 35,60 356 3 6 (35,60 454 45.43 (45.43% 99 9.93 (9.93% 80 8.07 0 (8.07% 15193 15193,87 151938 15 9387 93,87 151(93,87 94.03 940 (94.03 900 90.06 (90.06% COVID- 70,2 (70,20 35,6 (35,6 45.4 (45.43 9.9 (9.93 8.0 (8.07 1519 15193,8 938 93,8 151(93,8 94.0 (94.0 90.0 (90.06 70, (70,2 35, (35, (45.4 9. (9.9 8. (8.0 15193, 93, 151(93, 94. (94. 90. (90.0 (70, (35 (45. (9. (8. 151(93 (94 (90. (70 (3 (45 (9 151(9 (90 (7 (4 151(

ABSTRACT This work aimed to evaluate the physiological parameters, the biomass flow, and the productive characteristics of the grasses BRS Piatã and BRS Paiaguás at different levels of water supply in the semi-arid region. The experiment was carried out in the dry season, in Sobral, Ceará State, Brazil. The following irrigation depths were used: 30, 60, 90, and 120% of ETo. The experiment was carried out in pots with a capacity of 7.5 dm3 at field level, using a 0-0.2m layer of argisol soil as substrate. As a result, the photosynthetic rate was not affected in the largest water treatments. In the biomass flow, the responses of grasses to treatments 90 and 120% of ETo were similar for the variables number of live leaves and phyllochron. Regarding the productive characteristics, pseudo-culm biomass was effective only in the treatment of 120% of ETo, while, for the efficiency of water use, in treatments 60 and 90% of ETo, the difference was effective. In conclusion, in the treatments of 60 and 90% of the ETo, it was possible to maintain good morphological characteristics of the grasses and to increase the biomass production during the dry season in the semi-arid region. parameters flow semiarid semi arid region Sobral State Brazil used 30 120 75 7 5 7. dm level 00.2m 002m m 0 0.2m 2m substrate result 9 phyllochron pseudoculm pseudo culm while use 6 conclusion 3 12 00 02m 1

RESUMO Objetivou-se, por meio deste estudo, avaliar os parâmetros fisiológicos, o fluxo de biomassa e as características produtivas das gramíneas BRS Piatã e BRS Paiaguás em diferentes níveis de irrigação no semiárido. O experimento foi realizado no período seco, em Sobral (3°45'00,77'' S e 40°20ꞌ38,55ꞌꞌ W), Ceará, Brasil. Foram utilizadas as seguintes lâminas de irrigação: 30; 60; 90 e 120% da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4x2 (lâminas de irrigação x gramíneas). O experimento foi realizado em vasos com capacidade de 7,5 dm3 em nível de campo, utilizando-se como substrato uma camada de 0-0,2 m de solo argissolo. Como resultado, os parâmetros fisiológicos das gramíneas, como a taxa fotossintética, não foram afetados nos maiores tratamentos hídricos (90 e 120% ETo). No fluxo de biomassa, as respostas das gramíneas aos tratamentos, 90 e 120% da ETo, foram semelhantes para as variáveis número de folhas vivas e filocrono. Quanto às características produtivas, a biomassa de pseudocolmo foi sensível apenas no tratamento de 120% de ETo, enquanto, para a eficiência do uso da água, nos tratamentos 60 e 90% de ETo, a diferença foi significativa. Conclui-se que, nos tratamentos de 60 e 90% da ETo, foi possível manter boas características morfológicas das gramíneas e aumentar a produção de biomassa durante o período seco na região semiárida. Objetivouse, Objetivouse Objetivou se, se Objetivou-se estudo semiárido 3°4500,77 3450077 3°45 00,77 3 45 00 77 (3°45'00,77' 4020ꞌ3855ꞌꞌ ꞌꞌꞌ 40 20ꞌ38 55ꞌꞌ ꞌ ꞌꞌ W, W , W) Ceará Brasil 30 9 120 ETo. ETo . (ETo) acaso 4x gramíneas. gramíneas) 75 7 5 7, dm campo utilizandose utilizando 00,2 002 0 0,2 2 0-0, argissolo resultado fotossintética (9 ETo) filocrono enquanto água 6 significativa Concluise Conclui que semiárida 4500 3°4500,7 345007 345 3°4 0077 00,7 4 (3°45'00,77 20ꞌ3 12 (ETo 00, 02 0, 0-0 ( 450 3°4500, 34500 34 3° 007 (3°45'00,7 20ꞌ 1 0- 3°4500 3450 (3°45'00, 3°450 (3°45'00 (3°45'0 (3°45' (3°45 (3°4 (3° (3