ABSTRACT Introduction: the postgraduate educational climate (CE) in the hospital environment can determine the way in which resident physicians (MRs) adapt to their new stage, during which professional burnout syndrome (PAS) is highly likely to occur at some point. Objective: to determine the relationship between the educational climate and professional burnout in physicians in the medical residency programs of the National Hospital 2023-2024. Methodology: cross-sectional observational study of a sample of MR convenience of both sexes from all medical specialties of the National Hospital between November 2023 and January 2024, MR with external rotation and/or vacations were excluded. Sample calculation; 136 MR. An online form from Google was sent to the MR email requesting voluntary participation. The SAP was measured with the standard Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) method with subscales; emotional exhaustion (EA), depersonalization (DESP), personal fulfillment (PR), with PAS with high scores of AE, DESP and low RP. The EC was assessed with the measure of the hospital postgraduate educational environment (PHEEM) with subscales; perception of role autonomy (PAR), perception of teaching (PE), perception of social support (PSS), the higher the score, the better the EC. Demographic and academic variables, MBI and PHEEM scores were collected, and the SAP was considered dependent, as the main result was the predictive relationship of the PHEEM on the SAP. Data were compared with χ², t-test or Mann-Whitney U, ANOVA and linear regression (p-significant value =<0.05). Results: of 233 participants, the mean age was 28.75 (±2.20), 63.94 % (149) women, the general prevalence of PAS; 70.38 % (164/233), PAS in men 75 % (63/84) and women 67.78 % (101/149) p=0.0014, the first 2 years with the highest frequency of PAS; 65 (85.52 %), 59 (86.76 %) respectively p=0.0009, 63 (90 %) p=0.0071 surgical specialties. The subscales of the MBI, the AE; 79.82 % (186) with an average of 35.39 (± 11.61) points. The CE of MRs with SAP; 107.9 (19.6) dots and without PAS; 136.3 (12.1) dots 95 % CI 18.1-25.0 p= 0.0001. The PHEEM predicted the AE with R2=0.619, B= -0.18 (±0.009) p=0.001, and the DESP; R2= 0.385, B= -0.001(0.004) p=0.009, PSS being a significant predictor with inverse correlation in both. Conclusion: there is an inverse relationship between the educational climate and burnout syndrome in the population studied, with a high prevalence of burnout in male residents of surgical specialties, with the social support of the hospital educational environment being a significant predictor for the development of burnout syndrome.

RESUMEN Introducción: el clima educacional (CE) de posgrado en el ambiente hospitalario puede determinar la manera en como los médicos residentes (MR) se adaptan a su nueva etapa, durante el cual el sindrome agotamiento profesional (SAP) es altamente probable de producirse en algún momento. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre el clima educacional y el agotamiento profesional en médicos de los programas de residencias médicas del Hospital Nacional 2023-2024. Metodología: estudio observacional transversal de una muestra por conveniencia de MR de ambos sexos de todas las especialidades médicas del Hospital Nacional entre noviembre 2023 y enero 2024, se excluyeron MR con rotación externa y/o vacaciones. Calculo muestral; 136 MR. Se envío un formulario en línea de Google al correo electrónico del MR solicitando la participación voluntaria. El SAP fue medido con el método estándar Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) con subescalas; agotamiento emocional (AE), despersonalización (DESP), realización personal (RP), existiendo SAP con puntuaciones altas de AE, DESP y bajas de RP. El CE fue valorado con la medida del entorno educativo de posgrado hospitalario (PHEEM) con subescalas; percepción autonomía de roles (PAR), percepción enseñanza (PE), percepción soporte social (PSS), a mayor puntaje mejor CE. Se recopiló variables demográficos, académicos, puntajes del MBI y PHEEM, el SAP fue considerado dependiente, como resultado principal la relación predictiva del PHEEM sobre el SAP. Se compararon datos con χ², prueba t o U de Mann-Whitney, ANOVA y regresión lineal (p-valor significativo =<0,05). Resultados: de 233 participantes, la edad media fue de 28,75 (± 2,20), el 63,94 % (149) mujeres, la prevalencia general del SAP; 70,38 % (164/233), SAP en hombres 75 % (63/84) y mujeres 67,78 % (101/149) p=0,0014, los 2 primeros años con mayor frecuencia de SAP; 65 (85,52 %), 59 (86,76 %) repectivamente p=0,0009, de especialidades quirúrgicas 63 (90 %) p=0,0071. Las subescalas del MBI el AE;79,82 % (186) con un promedio de 35,39 (± 11,61) puntos. El PHEEM de los MR con SAP; 107,9(( 19,6) puntos y sin SAP; 136,3(( 12,1) puntos IC 95 % 18,1-25,0 p= 0,0001. El PHEEM predijo el AE con R2=0,619, PPS; B= -0,18 (±0,009) p=0,001, y la DESP; R2= 0,385, PPS; B= -0,001 (±0,004) p=0,009 siendo PSS predictor significativo con correlación inversa en ambas. Conclusión: existe relación inversa entre el clima educativo y el sindrome de agotamiento profesional en la población estudiada, con alta prevalencia de este en residentes hombres de especialidades quirúrgicas, siendo el soporte social del ambiente educativo hospitalario un predictor significativo para el desarrollo del sindrome de agotamiento profesional.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges worldwide. The acceptance of vaccines in the population is essential as a preventive measure. It is undeniable that there are factors that increase rejection or questioning in this regard, which may be related to culture, politics, trust, convenience, experience in health services, and also the opinion of the environment. Objective: to determine the percentage of students and teachers vaccinated, and the number of doses applied against COVID-19 in Facultad de Odontología at the Universidad Nacional de Asunción, in the year 2022. Methodology: cross-sectional descriptive observational study, applying a digital survey with 23 questions about knowledge, application and self-perception of the vaccine; in addition to demographic data. Results: 168 respondents were included, 128 students and 40 teachers. 80.0 % were women. 97.6 % have been vaccinated against COVID-19, the majority (85.4 %) received three doses of the vaccine. 34.1 % received the Covaxin vaccine, 32.9 % Sputnik V, 15.9 % AstraZeneca and 17.1 % others (Pfizer, Sinopharm and Moderna). 35.1 % had doubts about the effectiveness but most of them were applied anyway. 94.1 % considered the vaccine necessary and 88.7 % safe. 78.5 % responded that coverage is high to prevent the symptoms of the disease. 35.1% mentioned feeling fully protected with the vaccine. 78.6% know that some adverse reaction may occur after application. Conclusion: almost all of the respondents were vaccinated and had received all three doses of the COVID-19 vaccine at the time of the survey.

RESUMEN Introducción: la pandemia por COVID-19 presentó desafíos a nivel mundial. La aceptación de las vacunas en la población es indispensable como medida preventiva. Es innegable que existen factores que elevan el rechazo o cuestionamiento al respecto, que pueden estar relacionados con la cultura, política, confianza, conveniencia, experiencia en servicios sanitarios, también la opinión del entorno. Objetivo: determinar el porcentaje de estudiantes y docentes vacunados, y el número de dosis aplicadas contra el COVID-19 de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción, en el año 2022. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, aplicando una encuesta en digital con 23 preguntas acerca del conocimiento, aplicación y autopercepción de la vacuna; además de datos demográficos. Resultados: fueron incluidos 168 encuestados, 128 estudiantes y 40 docentes. 80,0 % fueron mujeres. 97,6 % se ha vacunado contra COVID-19, la mayoría (85,4 %) se aplicó tres dosis de la vacuna. 34,1 % se aplicó la vacuna Covaxin, 32,9 % Sputnik V, 15,9 % AstraZeneca y 17,1 % otras (Pfizer, Sinopharm y Moderna). El 35,1 % tuvo dudas acerca de la eficacia pero que en su mayoría se aplicaron igualmente. El 94,1 % consideró necesaria y el 88,7 % segura la vacuna. El 78,5 % respondió que la cobertura es elevada para prevenir los síntomas de la enfermedad. El 35,1 % mencionó sentirse protegido en su totalidad con la vacuna. El 78,6 % sabe que puede presentarse luego de la aplicación alguna reacción adversa. Conclusión: casi la totalidad de los encuestados se encontraban vacunados y se aplicaron las tres dosis de la vacuna COVID-19 al momento de la encuesta.

Abstract Introduction: Health promotion is fundamental to help people to acquire personal skills, abilities, and behaviors that facilitate the acquisition of a healthy lifestyle. Objective: To analyze what qualitative evidence indicates about the perception of health promotion by adults and health professionals to contribute to lifestyle changes. Methodology: We used qualitative metasynthesis and metadata analysis with Sandelowski and Barros's proposal in descriptive or interpretative primary studies from 2008 to 2019, considering the perceptions of adults and health professionals regarding health promotion and lifestyle. Different databases, descriptors such as health promotion, healthy behaviors, healthy lifestyle, nursing and qualitative research and Boolean operators AND, OR, with various possible combinations, were used. Quantitative articles, pediatric population and people with health problems were excluded. Ten articles were analyzed according to Lincoln and Guba's scientific rigor criteria. Results: People perceived the macro and micro social context and some barriers in the implementation of health promotion actions by health personnel, which directly influenced behavioral changes. Health professionals recognized health promotion as a mediation strategy between people and their environment to influence the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. Conclusions: Health promotion remains an ideal strategy to encourage actions for the benefit of people's health.

Abstrato Introdução: ¿ Introdução: A promoção da saúde é essencial para ajudar as pessoas a adquirir competências, habilidades e comportamentos pessoais que facilitem a aquisição de um estilo de vida saudável. Objetivo: ¿ Explorar o que as evidências qualitativas sobre a percepção da promoção da saúde de adultos e profissionais de saúde indicam para contribuir para a modificação do estilo de vida. Metodologia: Metássíntese qualitativa com análise de metadados proposta por Sandelowski e Barroso, em estudos primários descritivos ou interpretativos de 2008 a 2019, considerando percepções de adultos e profissionais de saúde sobre promoção da saúde e estilo de vida, utilizando diferentes bases de dados, descritores e booleanos: promoção da saúde, comportamentos saudáveis, estilo de vida saudável, adultos e pesquisas qualitativas, em diversas combinações possíveis, com AND e OR, excluindo artigos quantitativos, população pediátrica e pessoas com problemas de saúde, foram analisados 10 artigos segundo os critérios de rigor científico de Lincoln e Guba. Resultados: As pessoas perceberam o contexto macro e microssocial e algumas barreiras na implementação de ações de promoção da saúde pelos profissionais de saúde que influenciaram diretamente nas mudanças comportamentais. Os profissionais de saúde reconheceram a promoção da saúde como uma estratégia de mediação entre as pessoas e o seu ambiente para influenciar a adoção de um estilo de vida saudável. Conclusões: A promoção da saúde continua sendo uma estratégia ideal para incentivar ações que beneficiem a saúde das pessoas.

Resumen Introducción: La promoción de la salud es primordial para modificar que las personas adquieran aptitudes, habilidades y comportamientos personales que faciliten la adquisición de un estilo de vida saludable. Objetivo: Explorar que señala la evidencia cualitativa sobre percepción de la promoción de la salud de personas adultas y profesionales de la salud para contribuir a modificar el estilo de vida. Metodología: Metasíntesis cualitativa, análisis de metadatos con propuesta de Sandelowski y Barroso, en estudios primarios descriptivos o interpretativos de 2008 a 2019, considerando las percepciones de personas adultas y profesionales de la salud con respecto a la promoción de la salud y estilo de vida, empleando diferentes bases de datos, descriptores y boleanos: promoción de la salud, conductas saludables, estilo de vida saludable, adulto e investigación cualitativa, en diversas combinaciones posibles, con AND y OR, excluyendo artículos cuantitativos, población pediátrica y personas con problemas de salud, se analizaron 10 artículos según criterios de rigor científico de Lincoln y Guba. Resultados: Las personas percibieron el contexto macro y microsocial y algunas barreras en la implementación de acciones de promoción de la salud por parte del personal de salud que influyó directamente en los cambios de conducta. Los profesionales de la salud reconocieron la promoción de la salud como una estrategia de mediación entre las personas y su entorno para incidir en la adopción de un estilo de vida saludable. Conclusiones: La promoción de la salud sigue siendo una estrategia idónea para incentivar acciones en beneficio de la salud de las personas.

Abstract The objective of this research is to identify and describe the main domains and subdomains of the entrepreneurial ecosystem that drive entrepreneurship in Mexico and establish their relationship with the entrepreneurial intention. For this purpose, a structured direct questionnaire was developed which was applied to 1,141 students of accounting, administration, and computer science majors, from the Faculty of Accounting and Administration of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. A descriptive, correlational, and multivariate analysis was carried out. The results allow to know that the training of an entrepreneur integrates social, cultural and economic knowledge, which increases the probability of creating successful entrepreneurship; however, knowledge of the business environment does not represent a strength for students, specifically they lack knowledge about the financing sources. Regarding the students' perception about the market and human capital, it was found that they have a notion of the elements that allow increasing sales in an organization and know how to recognize the importance of human capital. On the other hand, students express concern about procedures and corruption, which are barriers that usually prevent entrepreneurship in Mexico; likewise, they require more information about entrepreneurship support services.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar y describir los principales dominios y subdominios del ecosistema emprendedor que favorecen el emprendimiento en México, y establecer su relación con la intención de emprendimiento, para ello se elaboró un cuestionario directo estructurado el cual fue aplicado a 1,141 estudiantes de las carreras de contaduría, administración e informática, de la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, se realizó un análisis descriptivo, correlacional y multivariado. Los resultados permiten saber que la formación de un emprendedor integra conocimientos sociales, culturales y económicos, lo cual incrementa las probabilidades de crear emprendimientos exitosos, sin embargo, el conocimiento del ambiente empresarial no representa una fortaleza para los estudiantes, específicamente carecen de conocimientos sobre las fuentes de financiamiento. Respecto a la percepción de los estudiantes acerca del mercado y del capital humano, se encontró que estos tienen noción de los elementos que permiten incrementar las ventas en una organización y saben reconocer la importancia del capital humano. Por otra parte, los estudiantes manifiestan preocupación por los trámites y la corrupción que son barreras que suelen impedir el emprendimiento en México; asimismo, requieren de más información sobre de los servicios de apoyo al emprendimiento.

RESUMEN Se entiende como calidad del trabajo intrínseco a variables como: el grado de autonomía, la variedad y complejidad de las tareas, el uso de habilidades y la posibilidad de desarrollo profesional en el trabajo. En tanto que, las perspectivas futuras abordan la percepción de los trabajadores sobre su futuro laboral, incluyendo aspectos como las oportunidades de progreso profesional, la seguridad en el empleo y la satisfacción laboral. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la importancia de las variables asociadas a la calidad intrínseca del trabajo y las perspectivas futuras en relación con el estrés experimentado por los trabajadores autónomos en Ecuador. Se aplicó un enfoque cuantitativo mediante regresión logística a datos de una muestra de 1055 trabajadores de la provincia de Manabí, utilizando la Encuesta Europea sobre Condiciones de Trabajo (EWCS) 2015. Se encontró que una evaluación positiva del trabajo propio está asociada con mayor estrés, mientras resolver problemas imprevistos personalmente se relaciona con menos estrés. Además, realizar tareas complejas y ofrecer formación pagada externa o en el lugar de trabajo aumenta la probabilidad de estrés. Por otro lado, menor satisfacción en el trabajo, disfrutar ser el propio jefe, dificultades para manejar el negocio, facilidad para encontrar nuevos clientes y la percepción de que el trabajo afecta la salud también están vinculados con mayor estrés. Estos hallazgos destacan la importancia de gestionar el trabajo y el entorno laboral para mejorar el bienestar de los trabajadores autónomos.

ABSTRACT Intrinsic job quality is understood in terms of variables such as: the degree of autonomy, the variety and complexity of tasks, the use of skills, and the possibility of professional development at work. Meanwhile, future prospects address workers' perceptions of their career future, including aspects such as opportunities for professional advancement, job security, and job satisfaction. This research aims to analyze the importance of variables associated with intrinsic job quality and future prospects in relation to the stress experienced by self-employed workers in Ecuador. A quantitative approach was applied using logistic regression to data from a sample of 1055 workers in the province of Manabí, utilizing the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS). It was found that a positive assessment of one's own work is associated with higher stress, while personally resolving unforeseen problems is related to lower stress. Additionally, performing complex tasks and providing paid external or on-the-job training increases the likelihood of stress. On the other hand, lower job satisfaction, enjoying being one's own boss, difficulties in managing the business, ease in finding new clients, and the perception that work affects health are also linked to higher stress. These findings underscore the importance of managing work and the work environment to improve the well-being of self-employed workers.

Abstract Introduction: Socio-emotional competencies in face-to-face communication are an essential tool for personal and social adjustment from an early age. Online communication has become equally important, especially in adolescence. It is known that its characteristics require specific skills, but there is a lack of studies that analyse the relationship that exists between generally acquired socio-emotional skills and those necessary for online communication. Hence, this research is focused on analysing how offline socio-emotional skills predict these online competencies in girls and boys in a differentiated way. Method: This study included 478 Secondary Education students between 10 and 14 years of age. This is a cross-sectional study that used Path Analysis differentiated by sex, with intentional and non-probabilistic sampling. To assess socio-emotional competencies, we used the ESCQ-21 instrument for generally assessed socio-emotional competencies and the e-COM questionnaire to quantify online socio-emotional competencies. Results: The explanatory model indicates that socio-emotional competencies are partially transferred to the online environment in both sexes, especially Perception and comprehension. Furthermore, it is suggested that E-self-control of impulsiveness and E-emotional autonomy require specific development in that environment. Conclusions: It seems reasonable to include online experiences that encourage development in online spaces. The repercussions for the educational field are analysed.

Resumen Introducción: Las competencias socioemocionales en la comunicación cara a cara son herramientas esenciales para el ajuste personal y social desde temprana edad. La comunicación en línea ha adquirido igual importancia, especialmente durante la adolescencia. Si bien se reconoce que sus características requieren habilidades específicas, hay escasez de estudios que analicen la relación existente entre las habilidades socioemocionales generalmente adquiridas y aquellas necesarias para la comunicación en línea. Por tanto, esta investigación tiene el objetivo de analizar cómo las habilidades socioemocionales fuera de línea predicen las competencias en línea entre chicas y chicos de manera diferenciada. Método: Este estudio incluyó a 478 estudiantes de educación secundaria con edades entre los 10 y 14 años. Este es un estudio transversal que utilizó el Path Analysis diferenciado por sexo, con muestreo intencional y no probabilístico. Para evaluar las competencias socioemocionales, se utilizó el instrumento ESCQ-21 para las competencias socioemocionales generales el cuestionario e-COM para cuantificar las competencias socioemocionales en línea. Resultados: El modelo explicativo indica que las competencias socioemocionales se transfieren parcialmente al entorno en línea en ambos sexos, especialmente la Percepción y comprensión emocional. Además, se sugiere que el E-autocontrol de la impulsividad y la E-autonomía emocional requieren un desarrollo específico en ese entorno. Conclusiones: Parece razonable incorporar y mejorar las experiencias en línea fomentando el desarrollo de competencias socioemocionales para este contexto. Se examinan las repercusiones para el ámbito educativo.

RESUMEN Este estudio pretende analizar la opinión y percepción de los agentes educativos portugueses sobre la integración de la educación socioemocional en las escuelas portuguesas. Para ello, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a agentes educativos de diferentes niveles educativos, áreas científicas y regiones de Portugal. Aunque las últimas investigaciones indican que la educación socioemocional contribuye al éxito académico, a una mejor preparación para los retos de la vida, a la protección de la salud y a la creación de entornos de aprendizaje positivos, en Portugal, la educación socioemocional sigue desatendida. Según los participantes en el estudio, para integrar la educación socioemocional es necesario cambiar los planes de estudio, universalizar e invertir en el desarrollo de los conocimientos y el nivel socioemocional de los profesores, aumentar el apoyo social en la escuela, cambiar la organización escolar, y transformar el entorno en el que se debaten y deciden las políticas educativas.

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyse the opinion and perception of Portuguese educational agents on the integration of socio-emotional education in Portuguese schools. To this end, semi-structured interviews were carried out with educational agents from different levels of education, scientific areas and regions of Portugal. Although the latest research indicates that socio-emotional education contributes to academic success, better preparation for life's challenges, health protection and the creation of positive learning environments, socio-emotional education continues to be neglected in Portugal. According to the participants in the study, in order to integrate socio-emotional education it is necessary to change curricula, universalise and invest in the development of teachers' knowledge and socio-emotional level, increase social support at school, change the school organisation, and transform the environment in which education policies are discussed and decided.

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a opinião e perceção dos agentes educativos portugueses sobre a integração da educação socioemocional na escola portuguesa. Para tal, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a agentes educativos de diferentes níveis do ensino, áreas científicas e regiões de Portugal. Embora a investigação mais recente indique que a educação socioemocional contribui para o sucesso académico, para uma melhor preparação para os desafios da vida, para a proteção da saúde e para criação de ambientes de aprendizagem positivos, em Portugal, a educação socioemocional continua a ser negligenciada. Segundo os participantes no estudo, para a integração da educação socioemocional é necessário alterar os currículos, universalizar e investir no desenvolvimento do conhecimento e nível socioemocional dos docentes, aumentar o suporte social na escola, alterar a organização escolar e transformar o ambiente de discussão e decisão das políticas de educação.

BACKGROUND: Students' perceptions of the educational methodology are valuable for improving the quality of the educational environment. However, there is limited literature on students' perceptions of lectures and peer-assisted learning (PAL) within the School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences OBJECTIVES: To determine the perceptions of allied health students across different study levels regarding the effectiveness of lectures and PAL as educational strategies METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 213 Allied Health students from levels 200 to 400 at the University of Ghana. Data were collected using an adopted perceptions questionnaire. Perceptions of lectures and PAL were analysed using means and mean percentages. A one-way ANOVA test was performed to compare differences in perceptions among students at various study levels, while the independent sample t-test was used to compare differences in perceptions between male and female students RESULTS: PAL had the highest mean scores, with a global rating of 4.1 (standard deviation (SD) 0.8) compared with 3.5 (SD 0.8) for lectures (p<0.00). There were no differences in perceptions about lectures and PAL among levels 200 to 400 students. Female students had a more positive perception of PAL, while both male and female students had the same positive perceptions about lectures CONCLUSIONS: Students generally had positive perceptions about lectures and PAL; however, PAL was acknowledged as an alternative that provides students with active educational experiences. PAL may be incorporated into the standard curriculum alongside lectures

Abstract: Through an analysis of a large set of materials from different print and audiovisual media outlets, this article shows that the phenomenon of political violence as developed in Mexico in the seventies not only was not unknown to the general population (as has generally been argued), but that it occupied an important and complex space as an object of consumption for urban sectors. It is broken down into three sections. First, it undertakes a critical review of the studies analyzing the presence of political violence in the media and suggests that it’s necessary to rethink the historiographic consensus. Second, it synthetically follows the political and media careers of the primary armed groups that arose in the state of Guerrero in order to show how they actively participated in the public sphere. Finally, it reviews materials that have often been left out of studies on the media presence of political violence, such as television reports, films and comic books, in order to show that the public perception of the guerrilla phenomenon played out in a complex and changing media environment that facilitated the appearance of political violence in the public sphere in spaces and forms that are less schematic than tends to be imagined.

Resumen: El artículo muestra, mediante el análisis de un amplio conjunto de materiales provenientes de distintos medios de comunicación impresos y audiovisuales, que los fenómenos de violencia política desarrollados en México durante los años setenta no sólo no permanecían ocultos para la población (como se ha plantado generalmente), sino que ocuparon un importante y complejo espacio como mercancías de consumo para los sectores urbanos. Para mostrar esto, el texto presenta tres apartados. En primer lugar, se realiza una revisión crítica de los estudios dedicados a analizar la presencia de la violencia política en los medios de comunicación y propone que es necesario emprender un replanteamiento de los consensos historiográficos alcanzados. En segundo lugar, se realiza un seguimiento sintético de la trayectoria política y mediática de los dos principales grupos armados surgidos en el estado de Guerrero para mostrar cómo estos grupos participaron activamente en la esfera pública. Finalmente, se hace la revisión de materiales que comúnmente han quedado fuera de los estudios sobre la presencia de la violencia política en los medios, como reportajes de televisión, películas o historietas, para mostrar que la percepción pública del fenómeno guerrillero se jugó en un complejo y cambiante mapa mediático que posibilitó la aparición de la violencia política en la esfera pública en espacios y formas menos esquemáticos de lo que suele pensarse.

Resumen En el actual entorno de comunicación digital en Manabí, el presente estudio analiza la identidad visual corporativa de los medios periodísticos digitales, esencial para entender cómo estos se presentan visualmente a una audiencia conectada y exigente. Este análisis se centra en el diseño, colores, tipografía y elementos visuales, utilizando un enfoque metodológico mixto. Se seleccionaron cinco medios significativos por su alcance y trayectoria para el periodo 2020-2023. Los hallazgos indican una fuerte priorización del contenido visual, con un uso predominante de imágenes y videos para atraer audiencias y fortalecer el reconocimiento de marca. Aunque esta estrategia se alinea con las tendencias actuales del marketing digital, se observó que algunos medios podrían mejorar en coherencia visual y en la interacción con la audiencia. Los resultados sugieren que la identidad visual no solo influye en la percepción del usuario sino también en el reconocimiento y la interacción en línea. Se concluye que la mejora en estas áreas podría potenciar el compromiso y la viralidad del contenido periodístico, ofreciendo perspectivas valiosas para los medios en un mercado altamente competitivo y en constante evolución.

Abstract In the current digital communication environment in Manabí, this study analyzes the corporate visual identity of digital journalistic media, essential to understand how they are presented visually to a connected and demanding audience. This analysis focuses on design, colors, typography and visual elements, using a mixed methodological approach. Five significant media were selected due to their scope and trajectory for the period 2020-2023. The findings indicate a strong prioritization of visual content, with a predominant use of images and videos to engage audiences and strengthen brand recognition. Although this strategy aligns with current digital marketing trends, it was observed that some media could improve in visual coherence and interaction with the audience. The results suggest that visual identity not only influences user perception but also online recognition and interaction. It is concluded that improvement in these areas could enhance the engagement and virality of journalistic content, offering valuable perspectives for the media in a highly competitive and constantly evolving market.

ABSTRACT The present study focuses on vibration exposure and its impact on occupational health, contrasting the results with previous research. Workers in a specific workshop were investigated, assessing their vibration exposure, working hours and risk perception. A mixed approach was used, collecting data through structured surveys and inferential statistical analysis. The results indicate that 80% of the workers are exposed to vibration to some extent, with 10% exposed half the time and 6% almost always. However, no significant correlations were found between vibration exposure and other factors such as musculoskeletal health or reduced work activity. These discrepancies with previous research suggest demographic and occupational variations among the samples studied. It is concluded that it is critical to address musculoskeletal health in a comprehensive manner, implementing effective control measures to prevent mechanical vibration-related injuries.

RESUMEN Este trabajo aborda los desafíos del estrés laboral en docentes universitarios, analizando su impacto en la salud mental y el desempeño laboral. El objetivo es identificar las causas y consecuencias del estrés en este grupo y proponer medidas para mitigarlo. Se realizó una investigación no experimental con enfoque mixto, utilizando análisis descriptivo y relacional. Se aplicaron encuestas a 31 docentes, utilizando el cuestionario alemán Effort-Reward Imbalance y la escala de ansiedad de Zung. Los resultados muestran una correlación entre la carga laboral, la falta de reconocimiento y el nivel de estrés. Se concluye que es necesario abordar los factores psicosociales en el entorno laboral para promover un ambiente saludable y apoyar el bienestar de los docentes, lo que a su vez beneficiará la calidad educativa.

Abstract The article deals with the study of cartels as organizations with a variety of activities that include operational protection and contract killings. The objective was to explore the perception of hit men about their activity within the organization and the means they use to reduce the social stigma that their activity entails. The article seeks to make visible the perspective of the hitmen and generate analytical proposals in organizational analysis, including the gender perspective and a masculinity associated with the conditions of the social environment and the criminal orientation of the cartels. We use the qualitative documentary research method, and conducted interviews during 2022. Among the main results, we found that the socio-cultural environment in which the hitman’s activity takes place is one of extreme violence, which is accompanied by characteristics associated with masculinity such as risk aversion, strength, courage, ostentation, and in the case of their activity impunity, cruelty and the despoilability of the body are added. To deal with the stigma, new forms of sacralization are used that connect the activity of the hit man and the protection of new saints.

Resumen El artículo aborda el estudio de los cárteles como organizaciones con una variedad de actividades incluyendo las de protección operativa y el sicariato. El objetivo fue explorar la percepción de los sicarios sobre su actividad dentro de la organización y los medios que utilizan para reducir el estigma que conlleva la actividad. El artículo busca visibilizar la perspectiva de los sicarios y generar propuestas analíticas en el análisis organizacional, incluyendo la perspectiva de género y una masculinidad asociada con las condiciones del entorno social y con la orientación delictiva de los cárteles. Utilizamos el método cualitativo de investigación documental y la realización de entrevistas durante 2022. Entre los principales resultados encontramos de una violencia extrema el entorno sociocultural en el cual se desenvuelve la actividad del sicario, acompañado, además, de características asociadas con la masculinidad como la aversión al riesgo, la fuerza, el arrojo, la ostentación, sumando, en el caso de su actividad, la impunidad, la crueldad y la despojabilidad del cuerpo. Para enfrentar el estigma se recurre a nuevas formas de sacralización, las cuales conectan la actividad del sicario con la protección de nuevos santos.

ABSTRACT The article considers the specifics of the perception of Russian classical literature in a foreign educational environment. The authors conducted an experiment to determine the degree of students’ proficiency in Russian literature of the 19th century in educational institutions of the Chechen Republic. The results show a significant appreciation and understanding of the concepts of ethics, national mentality, and national identity embedded in Russian classical literature among the survey participants. The conclusions emphasize the essential role of Russian classical literature in contributing to the spiritual and cultural development of students in the Chechen Republic. They also stipulate the need for methodological recommendations to enhance the teaching and comprehension of classical literary texts, suggesting the continuous relevance of Russian literature in fostering a multifaceted and culturally rich educational framework.

RESUMEN El artículo examina las particularidades de la percepción de la literatura clásica rusa en un entorno educativo extranjero. Los autores llevaron a cabo un experimento para determinar el grado de dominio de la literatura rusa del siglo XIX por parte de los estudiantes de los centros educativos de la República de Chechenia. Los resultados muestran una apreciación y comprensión significativas de los conceptos de ética, mentalidad nacional e identidad nacional incluidos en la literatura clásica rusa entre los participantes en la encuesta. Las conclusiones subrayan el papel esencial de la literatura clásica rusa para contribuir al desarrollo espiritual y cultural de los estudiantes de la República de Chechenia. También estipulan la necesidad de recomendaciones metodológicas para mejorar la enseñanza y la comprensión de los textos literarios clásicos, sugiriendo la continua relevancia de la literatura rusa en el fomento de un marco educativo multifacético y culturalmente rico.

Abstract The organizational climate is related to the degree of motivation of its employees. This perception is essentially felt, it is neither seen nor touched, but it is real. This study aims to identify difficulties and potentialities related to the organizational climate of the nursing staff at a public hospital in the Federal District. Methodologically, a descriptive and exploratory study was carried out characterized by a qualitative approach. The thematic content analysis led to three interpretative dimensions: environment and working conditions; communication, interpersonal relationship and work flows; motivation to improve the work environment. The results indicate a deficit of human resources, scarcity of material resources, supplies, precarious physical structure, in addition to interpersonal relationship problems, such as the (de)valuation of professional nurses and nursing. The challenges posed to managers go beyond the technical and structural dimension, the technological complexity of equipment without maintenance, as it unfolds through the human dimension, feelings and unmet needs (of appreciation) of nursing, which needs to be cared for, valued, heard and seen in their care process. employees felt touched real District Methodologically approach dimensions conditions communication flows resources supplies structure problems devaluation de valuation dimension maintenance appreciation for valued process

Resumo O ambiente organizacional está relacionado com o grau de motivação de seus colaboradores. Essa percepção é essencialmente sentida, não se vê e nem se toca, mas tem uma existência real. Este estudo objetiva identificar as dificuldades e potencialidades relacionadas ao clima organizacional dos servidores de enfermagem de um hospital público do Distrito Federal. Metodologicamente foi realizado um estudo descritivo e exploratório caracterizado por uma abordagem qualitativa. A análise de conteúdo temática conduziu a três dimensões interpretativas: ambiente e condições de trabalho; comunicação, relacionamento interpessoal e fluxos de trabalho; e motivação para a melhoria do ambiente de trabalho. Os resultados apontam para um déficit de recursos humanos, escassez de recursos materiais, insumos, estrutura física precária, além de problemas de relacionamento interpessoal, como a (des)valorização do profissional enfermeiro e da enfermagem. Os desafios postos para os gestores estão para além da dimensão técnica e estrutural, da complexidade tecnológica dos equipamentos sem manutenção, desdobra-se pela dimensão humana, pelos sentimentos e pelas necessidades não atendidas (de valorização) da enfermagem, que precisa ser cuidada, valorizada, ouvida e vista no seu processo de cuidar. colaboradores sentida toca real Federal qualitativa interpretativas trabalho comunicação humanos materiais insumos precária desvalorização des valorização estrutural manutenção desdobrase desdobra humana cuidada valorizada cuidar

Abstract A long-term indwelling catheter may be indicated in clinical situations, such as chronic diseases of the genitourinary or neurological systems. In addition to the risks of infection, trauma, and bleeding, a catheter’s permanence can affect psycho-emotional and socioeconomic dimensions. We aimed to understand how the need to use a long-term indwelling catheter affects this patient’s self-perception, interrelationships, and self-care. We carried out a qualitative, descriptive study based on interviews with 17 patients, and applied thematic analysis and complex thinking. The different prognoses and expectations regarding the catheter influenced self-perception, adaptation, acceptance, or denial. The presence of a catheter, whether as a curative measure or for comfort, can affect self-image and sexuality, and generate insecurities and uncertainties, which require understanding the multidimensionality of situations that suffer interference from the personal, family, and social environment, as well as health systems’ capacity to deal with it. Despite the challenges, the majority of participants reported a favorable disposition towards self-care, whether to enable catheter removal or to prevent injuries in lifelong indications. longterm long term systems infection trauma bleeding catheters s psychoemotional psycho emotional dimensions patients patient selfperception, selfperception self perception, perception self-perception interrelationships selfcare. selfcare care. care self-care qualitative 1 thinking adaptation acceptance denial comfort selfimage image sexuality uncertainties personal family environment it challenges selfcare, care, indications

Resumo O cateter vesical de longa permanência pode ser indicado em situações clínicas, como nas doenças crônicas do sistema genitourinário ou neurológico. Além dos riscos de infecção, traumas e sangramentos, a permanência do cateter pode afetar dimensões psicoemocionais e socioeconômicas. Objetivamos compreender como a necessidade de uso do cateter urinário por um longo prazo afeta a autopercepção, as interrelações e o autocuidado deste paciente. Realizamos um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, a partir da entrevista de 17 pacientes, e aplicamos a análise temática e o pensamento complexo. Os diferentes prognósticos e as expectativas em relação ao cateter influenciaram a autopercepção, a adaptação, sua aceitação ou negação. A presença do cateter, seja como medida curativa ou para conforto, pode afetar a autoimagem e a sexualidade, gerar inseguranças e incertezas, que requerem compreensão da multidimensionalidade das situações, que sofrem interferências do meio pessoal, familiar e social, bem como da capacidade dos sistemas de saúde para o seu enfrentamento. Apesar dos desafios, a maioria dos participantes relatou disposição favorável para o autocuidado, seja para viabilizar retirada do cateter, ou para prevenir agravos em indicações vitalícias. clínicas neurológico infecção sangramentos socioeconômicas autopercepção paciente qualitativo descritivo 1 pacientes complexo adaptação negação conforto sexualidade incertezas pessoal social enfrentamento desafios vitalícias