Abstract The study focuses on mental health in the workplace, specifically in mining, and is based on the compilation of data and statistics from various previous studies. From the 2008 Constitution to the World Health Organization's regulations, the development of mining in the country and its impact on the mental health of workers is examined. The role of the state and mining concessions in addressing mental illnesses in the work environment is emphasized, and both the successes and weaknesses of implemented initiatives are evaluated. The result reveals that attention to mental health in mining is insufficient, largely due to the lack of visibility of this issue. Large-scale mining, with much greater capital than small and medium-sized mining, and illegal mining contribute to the negative perception of mining in Ecuadorian society. Therefore, it is crucial that both the state and mining concessions pay serious attention to the mental health of their workers.

Resumen El estudio se enfoca en la salud mental en el trabajo, específicamente en la minería, y se basa en la recopilación de datos y estadísticas de diversos estudios previos. Desde la Constitución de 2008 hasta las normativas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, se examina el desarrollo de la minería en el país y su impacto en la salud mental de los trabajadores. Se destaca el papel del estado y las concesiones mineras en el abordaje de las enfermedades mentales en el entorno de trabajo, y se evalúan tanto los logros como las debilidades de las iniciativas implementadas. El resultado revela que la atención a la salud mental en la minería es insuficiente, en gran parte debido a la falta de visibilidad de este problema. La minería a gran escala, con un capital mucho mayor que la minería pequeña y mediana, y la minería ilegal contribuyen a la percepción negativa de la minería en la sociedad ecuatoriana. Por lo tanto, es crucial que tanto el estado como las concesiones mineras presten atención seria a la salud mental de sus trabajadores.

As políticas nacionais destinadas a valorizar a diversidade no México colocam a inclusão como um dos objetivos prioritários para o desenvolvimento de ambientes de ensino e aprendizagem adequados nos níveis da Educação Básica. Dado o papel fundamental do professor neste contexto, é crucial conhecer a sua valorização das práticas inclusivas. Em correspondência com o exposto, o objetivo deste artigo de pesquisa é identificar a disposição para a inclusão de um grupo de professores pós-graduandos. A metodologia utilizada foi quantitativa e descritiva, na qual foram utilizados diversos instrumentos que analisam diferentes facetas da inclusão no ambiente de ensino (SACIE-R, TEIP, GEPIA e CEFA). Participou uma amostra representativa de professores da Educação Básica, alunos de mestrado de duas principais instituições de formação de professores do estado de San Luis Potosí, México, escolhidos através de amostragem não probabilística devido à acessibilidade. Os principais resultados indicam factores propícios à inclusão, mas também a percepção de deficiências em programas específicos de formação e apoio; informações que impactem a formação e o apoio institucional, necessários para implementar a intervenção escolar inclusiva na sala de aula regular.

Las políticas nacionales orientadas a la valoración de la diversidad en México sitúan a la inclusión como uno de los objetivos prioritarios para el desarrollo de entornos de enseñanza y aprendizaje adecuados en los niveles de Educación Básica. Dado el papel fundamental del docente en este contexto, resulta crucial conocer su apreciación de las prácticas incluyentes. En correspondencia con lo anterior, el propósito del presente artículo de investigación es identificar la disposición hacia la inclusión de un grupo de docentes estudiantes de posgrado. La metodología empleada fue cuantitativa de tipo descriptiva, en la que se utilizaron varios instrumentos que analizan diferentes facetas de la inclusión en el entorno del profesorado (SACIE-R, TEIP, GEPIA y CEFA). Participó una muestra representativa de profesores de Educación Básica, alumnos de maestría de dos principales instituciones formadoras de docentes del estado de San Luis Potosí, México, elegidos mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por accesibilidad. Los principales resultados indican factores propicios para la inclusión, pero también, la percepción de carencias en capacitación específica y programas de soporte; información que impacta en la formación y en el apoyo institucional, necesarios para implementar la intervención escolar inclusiva en el aula regular.

National policies aimed at valuing diversity in Mexico, place inclusion as one of the priority objectives for the development of appropriate teaching and learning environments at the Basic Education levels. Given the fundamental role of teachers in this context, it is crucial to know their appreciation of inclusive practices. Accordingly, the purpose of this research article is to identify the disposition towards inclusion of a group of graduate student teachers. The methodology employed was quantitative of a descriptive type, in which several instruments that analyze different facets of inclusion in the teaching environment (SACIE-R, TEIP, GEPIA and CEFA) were used. A representative sample of Basic Education teachers participated, master's degree students from two main teacher training institutions in the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, chosen through non-probabilistic sampling by accessibility. The main results indicate factors conducive to inclusion, but also the perception of a lack of specific training and support programs; information that impacts on training and institutional support necessary to implement inclusive school intervention in the regular classroom.

Abstract This article examines how a business school's environment encourages the formation of entrepreneurial intentions among its students. Building on insights from the theory of planned behaviour and the business event model, a structural equation model was applied on a sample of 283 Costa Rican university students. The main results of the study suggest that the entrepreneurial training provided by the business school contributes to improve students' entrepreneurial intentions. However, this effect develops through an indirect mechanism: that is, entrepreneurial training positively influences students’ attitudes toward entrepreneurship which, in turn, impact students’ perception on entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The proposed model rooted in cognitive frameworks allows business schools, and higher education institutions in general, to measure and evaluate the effectiveness of their entrepreneurial training programs in promoting entrepreneurial intentions.

Resumen Este artículo examina cómo una escuela de negocios fomenta la formación de intenciones emprendedoras entre sus estudiantes. Sobre la base de los conocimientos de la teoría del comportamiento planificado y el modelo de eventos de negocios, se aplicó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales en una muestra de 283 estudiantes universitarios costarricenses. Los principales resultados del estudio sugieren que la formación emprendedora que imparte la escuela de negocios contribuye a mejorar las intenciones emprendedoras de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, este efecto se desarrolla a través de un mecanismo indirecto: es decir, la formación emprendedora influye positivamente en las actitudes de los estudiantes hacia el emprendimiento que, a su vez, impactan en las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre la autoeficacia emprendedora. El modelo propuesto basado en marcos cognitivos permite a las escuelas de negocios, y las instituciones de educación superior en general, medir y evaluar la eficacia de sus programas de formación empresarial en configurar intenciones empresariales.

Resumo Se desarrolló una investigación para caracterizar la percepción social de las principales amenazas que podrían afectar un ambiente acuático particular- una laguna costera- mediante la aplicación de una versión del método denominado mapeo participativo de riesgos, más sencillo que el método del paradigma psicométrico tradicionalmente utilizado. Consiste en entrevistas en las que el interrogado comenta sobre los principales problemas o amenazas ambientales que percibe y los jerarquiza según tres criterios: gravedad, urgencia y control. De cada categoría de amenaza identificada se obtuvo el índice de incidencia- la fracción de entrevistados que citaron la categoría problema - y los índices de gravedad, urgencia y control. Con estos índices se elaboran mapas gráficos de percepción de las amenazas según cada criterio. El método se aplicó a un grupo de pescadores que hacen uso de la laguna, los cuales perciben cinco (5) problemas ambientales: el desvío de ríos, la obstrucción de ríos y el cierre temporal de la boca de conexión de la laguna con el mar (casos particulares de la hidrodinámica alterada), el crecimiento excesivo del mangle y la pesca de peces juveniles; estos dos últimos son percibidos como los de mayor facilidad en controlar. Se demuestran las bondades del método.

Abstract A research was developed to characterize the social perception of threats that could affect a particular aquatic environment - a coastal lagoon - by applying a version of the method called participatory risk mapping, simpler than the traditionally used psychometric paradigm method. It consists of interviews in which the interrogated comments on the main environmental problems or threats that he perceives and rank them according to three criteria: severity, urgency and control. For each identified threat category, the incidence rate - the fraction of respondents who cited the problem category - and the indices of severity, urgency and control were obtained. With these indices, graphic maps of threat perception are elaborated according to each criterion. The method was applied to a group of fishermen who make use of the lagoon, who perceive five (5) environmental problems: rivers diversion, rivers obstruction and the temporary closure of lagoon connection with the sea (cases of altered hydrodynamics), the excessive growth of the mangrove and overfishing of juvenile fish; the latter two are perceived as the easiest to control. The benefits of the method are demonstrated.

Resumo A investigação explorou a coexistência escolar a partir da percepção de conflito dos estudantes, e foi desenvolvida sob uma abordagem descritiva mista. A base conceptual incluiu informações associadas à construção da realidade, conflito e violência, vista a partir da teoria de Galtung. O trabalho de campo baseou-se numa amostra não probabilística de 24 alunos da Escola Francisco José Caldas em Cúcuta, Norte de Santander, Colômbia. O diagnóstico mostrou que as percepções do conflito correspondem à noção de violência direta, baseiam-se em percepções implícitas negativas, e são difíceis de modificar. Além disso, os alunos têm uma baixa capacidade de desenvolver concepções explicitamente fundamentadas, uma vez que o ambiente cultural e social apresenta repetidamente conflitos de uma forma negativa. Os resultados podem contribuir para a formulação de estratégias para a construção de uma coexistência escolar saudável.

Resumen La investigación exploró la convivencia escolar desde la percepción del conflicto por parte de los estudiantes y se desarrolló bajo un enfoque mixto de tipo descriptivo. La fundamentación conceptual comprendió información asociada a la construcción de la realidad, el conflicto y la violencia, vista desde la teoría de Galtung. El trabajo de campo se basó en un muestreo no probabilístico, correspondiente a 24 estudiantes del Colegio Francisco José Caldas de Cúcuta en Norte de Santander, Colombia. El diagnóstico evidenció que las percepciones sobre el conflicto corresponden a la noción de violencia directa, parten de apreciaciones implícitas negativas y son difíciles de modificar. Además, los alumnos tienen baja capacidad de desarrollar concepciones explícitas fundamentadas, toda vez que el medio cultural y social les plantea reiteradamente el conflicto de manera negativa. Los resultados pueden contribuir a la formulación de estrategias para la construcción de una sana convivencia escolar.

Abstract The research explored school coexistence from the students' perception of conflict, and was developed under a mixed descriptive approach. The conceptual foundation included information associated with the construction of reality, conflict and violence, as seen from Galtung's theory. The fieldwork was based on a non-probabilistic sampling, corresponding to 24 students of the Francisco José Caldas School of Cúcuta in Norte de Santander, Colombia. The diagnosis showed that perceptions of conflict correspond to the notion of direct violence, are based on negative implicit appraisals, and are difficult to modify. In addition, students have a low capacity to develop explicitly grounded conceptions, since the cultural and social environment repeatedly presents conflict in a negative way. The results can contribute to the formulation of strategies for the construction of a healthy school coexistence.

ABSTRACT Virtual reality is promising as a prospective technology for chemistry education, as it has the ability to satisfy the simultaneous requirements of academic institutions and industrial sector. The objective of the research was to determine the perception of university students about the use of virtual reality (VR) in learning macromolecules. The present study was framed at an apprehensive level, descriptive scope and a field design. The methodological structure followed consisted of three aspects, which included the design of the virtual laboratory activity for the recognition of chemical compounds, carrying out the activity with the students, and measuring perception through an acceptance model questionnaire. technological. The core of this laboratory was six Meta Quest 2 Advanced All-in-One Virtual Reality Headset devices, each equipped with 128 GB of capacity. 42 students from the first semester of Chemistry participated in the research. According to the results obtained, 80% of the students confidently expressed their belief that the incorporation of VR in their educational activities will yield positive results in terms of understanding and performance in the field of Chemistry. Likewise, 91% percent of those surveyed said they would like to see more VR activities incorporated. It is concluded that by integrating VR technology into the educational environment, students are expected to possess the ability to understand complex principles such as bonds, orbitals, and chemical structures.

RESUMEN La realidad virtual es prometedora como tecnología prospectiva para la educación química, ya que tiene la capacidad de satisfacer los requisitos simultáneos de las instituciones académicas y sector industrial. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la percepción de estudiantes universitarios sobre el uso de la realidad virtual (RV) en el aprendizaje de macromoléculas. El presente estudio se enmarcó en un nivel aprehensivo, alcance descriptivo y un diseño de campo. La estructura metodológica seguida consistió en tres aspectos, que comprendieron, el diseño de la actividad de laboratorio virtual para el reconocimiento de compuestos químicos, la realización de la actividad con los estudiantes, y la medición de la percepción a través de un cuestionario modelo de aceptación tecnológica. El núcleo de este laboratorio lo constituyeron seis dispositivos Meta Quest 2 Advanced All-in-One Virtual Reality Headset, cada uno equipado con 128 GB de capacidad. En la investigación participaron 42 estudiantes del primer semestre de Química. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, el 80%, del alumnado expresó con confianza su creencia de que la incorporación de la RV en sus actividades educativas arrojará resultados positivos en lo que respecta a la comprensión y el rendimiento en el ámbito de la Química. De igual manera, 91% por ciento de los encuestados aseguraron que les gustaría que se incorporarán más actividades de RV. Se concluye que, al integrar la tecnología de la RV en el entorno educativo, se espera que los estudiantes posean la capacidad de comprender principios complejos como enlaces, orbitales y estructuras químicas.

Abstract Higher education during the pandemic assumed the challenge of adapting its formative contents to the virtual environment with consequent achievement of effective learning; in this context, it was proposed to evaluate the perception of learning in a subject of psychological intervention, formative research and social responsibility in a non-probabilistic sample of 277 psychology students from 19 to 48 years old, using the mixed method and non-experimental design, with the Scale of Perceived Learning in the Curricular Experience of Intervention Programs in Psychology and three open-ended questions. The results reflect a high evaluation of the course structure and the teaching role at 67.4% and 70.8%; higher perception of learning in private university students (U= 9414.000 and p=0.001); no distinction according to sex, age or occupation and the qualitative analysis recognizes the reinforcement of creativity, the acquisition of leadership and theoretical-practical competences, added to a satisfactory personal experience. These findings revalue the curricular experiences in virtuality, towards the achievement of formative-professional learning objectives in psychology students who are sensitive to replication in different higher education careers.

Resumen La educación superior durante la pandemia asumió el reto de adaptar sus contenidos formativos al entorno virtual con consecuente logro de aprendizajes efectivos; en este contexto, se planteó evaluar la percepción de aprendizajes en una asignatura, de intervención psicológica, investigación formativa y responsabilidad social en una muestra no probabilística de 277 estudiantes de psicología de 19 a 48 años, mediante el método mixto y el diseño no experimental, con la Escala de Aprendizajes Percibidos en la Experiencia Curricular Programas de Intervención en Psicología y tres preguntas abiertas. Los resultados reflejan una valoración alta de la estructura del curso y del rol docente al 67.4% y 70.8%; mayor percepción de aprendizajes en estudiantes de universidad privada (U= 9414.000 y p=0.001); ninguna distinción según sexo, edad u ocupación y el análisis cualitativo reconoce el reforzamiento de la creatividad, la adquisición de liderazgo y competencias teórico-prácticas, sumado a una experiencia personal satisfactoria. Estos hallazgos revaloran las experiencias curriculares en la virtualidad, hacia la consecución de objetivos de aprendizaje formativo - profesional en estudiantes de psicología sensible de réplica en diferentes carreras de educación superior.

Resumo A mineração é vital para o sustento humano e um setor crucial na economia do Estado. No entanto, seus impactos sobre o meio ambiente e a biodiversidade não podem ser subestimados, visto serem potentes para atrair a atenção do governo. O meio ambiente e a vida selvagem estão sujeitos aos impactos prejudiciais da mineração e de suas atividades relacionadas. Neste estudo, os distritos, nomeadamente Mardan e Mohmand, foram selecionados no que diz respeito aos impactos da mineração. A avaliação foi realizada em animais selvagens afetados negativamente pelo setor de mineração. A fauna tem sido observada atentamente para trazer os riscos calculados e a percepção de ameaça à vida selvagem regional. Um total de nove espécies de mamíferos, 21 espécies de pássaros, foi registrado no Distrito Mardan. Enquanto no Distrito Mohmand, duas espécies de mamíferos, nove espécies de pássaros e quatro espécies de répteis foram estudadas. O estudo explorou essa mineração que é principalmente responsável pela degradação do solo, acarretando perdas de alimentos e na agricultura. Vários outros fatores como explosões, poluição, caça, desmatamento, perda de habitat também foram observados. O desmatamento veio à tona como uma das principais causas de extinção da fauna da região, e tem-se que medidas preventivas são necessárias para dimensionar a catástrofe provocada pelo homem.

Abstract Mining is vital for human sustenance and a crucial sector in the state economy. However, its impacts on the environment and biodiversity cannot be underestimated. Which are potent to the attract government’s attention. Environment and wildlife are subject to the harmful impacts of mining and its related activities. In this study, districts, namely Mardan and Mohmand have been targeted with respect to mining impacts. The assessment was carried out on wildlife adversely affected by the mining sector. The fauna has been keenly observed to bring the calculated risks and threat perception of the regional wildlife. Total 9 species of mammals, 21 species of birds, were recorded in District Mardan. While in District Mohmand 2 species of mammals, 9 species of birds, and 4 species of reptiles were studied. The Study explored that mining primarily responsible for land degradation. Which lead to food and agriculture losses. Several other factors like blasting, pollution, hunting, deforestation, habitat loss was also observed. Deforestation surfaced one of the major causes for extinction of fauna in the said region. preemptive measures are needed to seize the man-made catastrophe.

Resumen La disponibilidad de venta de alimentos en el territorio puede influir en el consumo alimentario de la población. Sin embargo, es importante comprender la manera en que las personas perciben su entorno alimentario para comprender cómo esta disponibilidad afecta su consumo en diferentes contextos. El objetivo fue evaluar la percepción de los residentes de favelas brasileñas sobre el entorno alimentario en sus vecindarios. Estudio cualitativo, en el que se formaron grupos focales en línea orientados por un guion con el objetivo de reunir discursos colectivos sobre el acceso a los alimentos en favelas brasileñas. La invitación se dio por medio de las redes sociales y mediante el contacto con líderes comunitarios y organizaciones no gubernamentales que trabajan en favelas, utilizando la técnica de muestreo “bola de nieve”. Para el análisis, se utilizó el enfoque de la grounded theory (teoría fundamentada) y, como técnica, se empleó el análisis de redes temáticas. El acceso a los alimentos de los habitantes de las favelas está permeado por la falta de recursos y elementos fundamentales para una alimentación adecuada y sana, tales como: la falta de información sobre la alimentación, los bajos ingresos y la poca disponibilidad de establecimientos que vendan alimentos sanos a precios asequibles. Se necesitan programas y políticas públicas para fomentar la ampliación de equipos de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, como huertas y mercadillos, que aumenten la oferta y vendan alimentos sanos a precios asequibles en las favelas. También se necesitan acciones para abordar la complejidad de las barreras que enfrentan los residentes de las favelas para acceder a alimentos sanos.

Resumo A disponibilidade de venda de alimentos no território pode influenciar no consumo alimentar da população. Entretanto, é importante compreender como as pessoas percebem o seu ambiente alimentar para se entender como essa disponibilidade afeta seu consumo em contextos distintos. O objetivo foi avaliar a percepção dos moradores de favelas brasileiras sobre o ambiente alimentar em suas vizinhanças. Estudo qualitativo, em que foram realizados grupos focais online guiados por um roteiro para reunir discursos coletivos sobre o acesso aos alimentos em favelas brasileiras. O convite ocorreu por meio das redes sociais e do contato com líderes comunitários e organizações não governamentais que atuam em favelas, por meio da técnica de amostragem “bola de neve”. Para a análise, foi utilizada a abordagem grounded theory (teoria fundamentada) e, como técnica, foi empregada a análise de redes temáticas. O acesso aos alimentos por moradores de favelas é permeado pela falta de recursos e elementos fundamentais para uma alimentação adequada e saudável, como: a falta de informação sobre alimentação; a renda insuficiente; e a baixa disponibilidade de estabelecimentos que comercializam alimentos saudáveis a preços acessíveis. São necessários programas e políticas públicas que incentivem a ampliação de equipamentos de segurança alimentar e nutricional, como hortas e feiras, e que aumentem a oferta de alimentos saudáveis com valores baixos nas favelas. Também são necessárias ações que abordem a complexidade das barreiras enfrentadas por moradores de favelas para ter acesso aos alimentos saudáveis.

Abstract Food availability in the territory can influence food consumption by the population. However, it is important to understand how people perceive their food environment to see how food availability affects consumption in different contexts. This study aimed to assess the perception of the food environment by Brazilian slum residents in their neighborhoods. This is a qualitative study, with online focus groups guided by a script in order to gather collective discourses about access to food in Brazilian slums. The invitation to participate in this study was made through social media, and community leaders and nongovernmental organizations with actions in slums were contacted using the snowball sampling technique. Grounded theory analysis was applied with the technique of thematic networks. Access to food for slum residents involves lack of resources and essential elements for an adequate and healthy diet, such as lack of information about food, low income, and low availability of stores that sell healthy food at affordable prices. Public programs and policies are required to encourage the expansion of food and nutritional security resources, such as vegetable gardens and markets, to increase the supply and sell healthy food at affordable prices in slums. Actions are also required to address the complexity of obstacles faced by slum residents in the access to healthy foods.

Abstract Public health systems have to evaluate how the use of traditional and complementary medicine can improve the population's health, mainly in developing countries. This research was carried out in the Salta city and the objectives were: 1) to know the plants used in urban herbal medicine; 2) inquire about the reasons for the consumption of medicinal plants, ailments, conditions and therapeutic practices; 3) know the cultural importance of plants through the Relative Importance Indices (RI), the Consensus Factor among informants (FCI) and the origin of the linked knowledge; 4) describe the plant acquisition spaces; 5) to know the perception of health personnel of formal medicine concerning the use of medicinal plants in the domestic environment and 6) to compare the diseases treated with herbal medicine and those with formal medicine. The quality-quantitative methodology of classical ethnobotany was implemented. Thirty-five participants residing in five neighborhoods were interviewed, and focus groups were held with health staff from three health centres located in the northern sector of the city linked to the neighborhoods mentioned above. The wealth of urban herbalism amounts to 120 medicinal taxa belonging to 110 genera and 52 botanical families; 63% are non-native plants and the most represented families were Asteraceae and Lamiaceae. The inhabitants of Salta have hybrid and dynamic botanical knowledge. The hybridization processes detected were fusion, recombination, new developments in innovative products and circulation of species. Three hundred thirteen medicinal uses were recorded for 63 types of conditions and ailments involving 13 body systems. The influential presence of complementary alternative medicines and the media in the dissemination of medicinal plants and derived products is noted. Among health staff, a great heterogeneity of feelings and knowledge was noted, highlighting the recognition of the use of plants by the related population; the lack of quantifiable scientific evidence on the benefits of its practice; the fear of adverse effects and the absence of formal knowledge about phytotherapy. Phytotherapy research must be deepened, and the processes of diversification and resignification of knowledge and practices about medicinal plants must be evaluated.

Resumen Los sistemas públicos de salud tienen que evaluar cómo el uso de la medicina tradicional y complementaria puede mejorar la salud de la población, principalmente en países en vía de desarrollo. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo en la ciudad de Salta y los objetivos fueron: 1) conocer las plantas utilizadas en medicina herbolaria urbana; 2) indagar acerca de las razones del consumo de las plantas medicinales, las dolencias, las afecciones y las prácticas terapéuticas; 3) conocer la importancia cultural de las plantas mediante los Índices de Importancia Relativa (IR), el Factor de Consenso entre los informantes (FCI) y el origen del conocimiento vinculado; 4) describir los espacios de adquisición de las plantas; 5) conocer la percepción del personal de la salud de la medicina formal en relación al uso de plantas medicinales en el ámbito doméstico y 6) comparar las enfermedades tratadas con la medicina herbolaria y aquellas con la medicina formal. Se implementó la metodología cuali-cuantitativa de la etnobotánica clásica. Se entrevistaron a 35 participantes residentes en cinco barrios y se realizaron grupos focales con el personal de salud de tres centros de salud ubicados en el sector norte de la ciudad vinculados a los barrios mencionados. La riqueza de la herbolaria urbana asciende a 120 taxones medicinales pertenecientes a 110 géneros y 52 familias botánicas; el 63% son plantas no nativas y las familias más representadas fueron Asteraceae y Lamiaceae. Los pobladores salteños poseen un conocimiento botánico híbrido y dinámico. Los procesos de hibridación detectados fueron fusión, recombinación, nuevos desarrollos en productos innovadores y circulación de especies. Se registraron 313 usos medicinales de 63 tipos de afecciones y dolencias que involucran a 13 sistemas corporales. Se advierte la presencia influyente de las medicinas alternativas complementarias y los medios de comunicación en la difusión de plantas medicinales y productos derivados. Entre el personal de salud se advirtió una gran heterogeneidad de sentires y saberes, destacándose el reconocimiento del uso de plantas por parte de la población vinculada; la falta de evidencia científica cuantificable sobre los beneficios de su práctica; el temor a los efectos adversos y la ausencia de conocimiento formal sobre la fitoterapia. Las investigaciones sobre fitoterapia se deben profundizar y estudiar los procesos de diversificación y resignificación de los saberes y prácticas sobre plantas medicinales.

Resumo Introdução: O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) destaca-se por ser um dos maiores programas do mundo de alimentação escolar, contemplando o Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada a estudantes brasileiros. Entretanto, alguns estudos têm observado baixa aceitabilidade e adesão à alimentação escolar. Objetivo: Analisar a percepção de merendeiras e escolares acerca da aceitabilidade e adesão à alimentação escolar. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa realizada através de grupos focais com merendeiras de três escolas e escolares do sexto ao nono ano de escola pública de Sumidouro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os grupos focais foram realizados utilizando-se roteiros semiestruturados e gravados em áudio e vídeo, posteriormente transcritos e analisados por Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: Foram identificados seis temas: autoconhecimento, adesão, aceitabilidade, preparo e distribuição da alimentação escolar, cardápio e ambiente. Conclusão: O emprego de esforços na melhoria da infraestrutura e aspecto do ambiente alimentar, com a aquisição de utensílios adequados, alteração no modelo de serviço de distribuição e no modo de preparo das refeições, resultando em cardápios variados, são estratégias que podem contribuir para melhorar a adesão e aceitabilidade à alimentação escolar. Essas mudanças favorecem a promoção de saúde no espaço escolar, com foco em políticas públicas saudáveis.

Abstract Introduction: National School Feeding Program (PNAE) stands out for being one of the largest school feeding programs in the world, contemplating the Human Right to Adequate Food for Brazilian students. However, some research works have observed low acceptability and adherence to school meals. Objective: To analyze the perception of school lunch ladies and students about acceptability and adherence to school meals. Methodology: Qualitative research carried out through focus groups with lunch ladies from three schools and students from the sixth to the ninth grade of a public school in Sumidouro, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The focus groups were carried out using semi-structured scripts and recorded in audio and video, later transcribed and analyzed by Content Analysis. Results: Six themes were identified: self-knowledge, adherence, acceptability, preparation and distribution of school meals, menu and environment. Conclusion: The use of efforts to improve the infrastructure and aspect of the food environment, with the acquisition of adequate utensils, change in the distribution service model and in the way of preparing meals, resulting in varied menus, are strategies that can contribute to improve adherence and acceptability to school meals. These changes favor the promotion of health in the school environment, focusing on healthy public policies.

RESUMEN El objetivo de la investigación es describir las percepciones sobre estilos de crianza en estudiantes de educación secundaria, Pucallpa-Perú. Se optó por un enfoque cualitativo, transversal y descriptivo. Se realizaron entrevistas virtuales a través de Meet con 5 estudiantes del 4to año del Centro de Educación Básico Alternativo (CEBA) en Pucallpa, seleccionados por conveniencia en el 2022. Los criterios de inclusión fueron estudiantes activos, de 16 a 18 años y dispuestos a participar. Se empleó una guía con 9 preguntas abiertas y el software ATLAS.ti v22 para el procesamiento de datos. Los resultados resaltan la importancia de establecer límites en la crianza; se identifican dos errores comunes en los estilos de crianza (procreación irresponsable y conceder libertad sin responsabilidad a los hijos); preferencia por la composición monoparental para evitar discusiones entre los padres; y la mayoría menciona tener un padre democrático y una madre autoritaria (o viceversa). Se concluye que el estilo democrático es percibido como el ideal y la mejor opción, sin embargo, los participantes reconocen que son los estilos autoritarios y permisivos los más frecuentes en su entorno.

ABSTRACT The objective of the research is to describe the perceptions of parenting styles in secondary education students, Pucallpa-Peru. A qualitative, transversal and descriptive approach was chosen. Virtual interviews were conducted through Meet with 5 students from the 4th year of the Alternative Basic Education Center (CEBA) in Pucallpa, selected by convenience in 2022. The inclusion criteria were active students, aged 16 to 18 and willing to participate. A guide with 9 open questions and the ATLAS.ti v22 software was used for data processing. The results highlight the importance of setting limits in parenting; Two common errors in parenting styles are identified (irresponsible procreation and granting freedom without responsibility to children); preference of the single parent to avoid conflict; and the majority mention having a democratic father and an authoritarian mother (or vice versa). It is concluded that the democratic style is perceived as the ideal and the best option, however, the participants recognize that the authoritarian and permissive styles are the most frequent in their environment.

Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar associações entre percepções da vizinhança e problemas de sono em idosos brasileiros. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 5.719 idosos da comunidade (≥ 60 anos) do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brasil, 2019-2021). Os desfechos foram problemas de sono autorreferidos: má qualidade do sono, sonolência diurna, queixas de insônia primária, dificuldade em manter o sono e acordar na madrugada. As variáveis de exposição foram: questões sobre a percepção dos participantes sobre o ambiente físico e social da vizinhança. Regressão logística foi utilizada na análise dos dados. Lixo, sujeira ou grama alta nas ruas e o desejo de mudar de onde mora foram associados a maiores chances de má qualidade do sono. Preocupação em cair devido a calçadas em má condição, preocupação com dificuldades para usar os meios de transporte e preocupação com dificuldades para atravessar a rua foram associadas a maiores chances de todos os problemas de sono. O som/ruído dos ônibus e carros foi associado a maiores chances de alguns problemas de sono. A percepção da vizinhança como um bom lugar para morar foi associado a menores chances de sonolência diurna e queixas de insônia primária. A confiança na maioria das pessoas da vizinhança e a percepção de que crianças e jovens tratam os adultos com respeito foram associados a menores chances de sonolência diurna, queixas de insônia primária e acordar na madrugada. Um bom lugar para as crianças brincarem e para os adolescentes crescerem foi associado a menores chances de sonolência diurna. Esses resultados podem ajudar os gestores públicos na criação de políticas de planejamento urbano voltadas a melhorias nos ambientes da vizinhança como forma de promoção da saúde.

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las asociaciones entre las percepcion del vecindario y los problemas de sueño en ancianos brasileños. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 5.719 ancianos de la comunidad (≥ 60 años) del Estudio Longitudinal de Salud de los Ancianos Brasileños (ELSI-Brasil, 2019-2021). Los desenlaces fueron los siguientes: problemas de sueño autoinformados: mala calidad del sueño, somnolencia diurna, quejas de insomnio primario, dificultad para permanecer dormido y despertarse durante la madrugada. Las variables de exposición fueron las siguientes: preguntas sobre la percepción de los participantes sobre el entorno físico y social del vecindario. En el análisis de datos se utilizó la regresión logística. La basura, la suciedad o el césped alto en las calles y el deseo de cambiar el lugar donde viven se asociaron con mayores probabilidades de tener una mala calidad del sueño. La preocupación por las caídas debido a aceras en mal estado, la preocupación por las dificultades para utilizar los medios de transporte y la preocupación por las dificultades para cruzar la calle se asociaron con mayores probabilidades de sufrir todos los problemas de sueño. El ruido producido por los autobuses y automóviles se asoció con una mayor probabilidad de sufrir algunos problemas de sueño. La percepción del vecindario como un buen lugar para vivir se asoció con menores probabilidades de sufrir somnolencia diurna y quejas de insomnio primario. La confianza en la mayoría de la gente del vecindario y la percepción de que los niños y jóvenes tratan a los adultos con respeto se asociaron con menores probabilidades de sufrir somnolencia diurna, quejas de insomnio primario y despertarse durante la madrugada. Un buen lugar para que los niños jugaran y para que los adolescentes crecieran se asoció con menores probabilidades de sufrir somnolencia diurna. Estos resultados pueden ayudar a los gestores públicos a crear políticas de planificación urbana dirigidas a mejorar los entornos vecinales como forma de promover la salud.

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate associations between neighborhood perception and sleep problems in older Brazilian adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 5,719 community-dwelling older adults (≥ 60 years) from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil, 2019-2021). The outcomes were self-reported sleep problems: poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, primary insomnia complaints, difficulty staying asleep, and waking up at dawn. The exposure variables were questions about the perception of participants about the physical and social environment of the neighborhood. Logistic regression was used in data analysis. Garbage, rubbish, or tall grass on the streets and the desire to move were associated with higher odds of poor sleep quality. Concern about falling due to damaged sidewalks, concern about having difficulties taking transportation, and concern about having difficulties crossing the street were associated with higher odds of all sleep problems. Sound/noise of buses and cars was associated with higher odds of some sleep problems. Perceiving the neighborhood as a good place to live was associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness and primary insomnia complaints. Trusting most people in the neighborhood and perceiving that kids and younger people treat adults with respect were associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness, primary insomnia complaints, and waking up at dawn. Being a good place for kids to play and raise teenagers was associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness. These results can assist public administrators in creating urban planning policies aimed at improving neighborhood environments as a means of health promotion.

BACKGROUND: Bottom-of-the-pyramid (BOP) consumers' significant discretionary purchases of non-essential products, such as apparel, contribute to retail growth. In a turbulent retail environment, store atmospherics presents an innovative cost-effective solution to incorporate BOP consumers' unique motivations for desired apparel behavioural intentions to grow market share. AIM: This study aims to fill the knowledge gap regarding a systematic review of store atmospherics on urban BOP consumers' apparel behavioural intentions in an emerging African market. This study also proposes various purchase antecedents to attitudes, which drive apparel behavioural intentions. The moderation effect of age is investigated to understand the change in purchase antecedents related to attitudes among different urban BOP age groups. SETTING: Interviewer-administered surveys was conducted among urban BOP consumers in Namibia's main urban areas. METHOD: A sample of 881 respondents was selected by purposive, interlocking and convenience sampling methods. Covariance-based structural equation modelling (SEM) confirmed the significant relationships between all constructs in the proposed model. RESULTS: The systematic link between store atmospherics and urban BOP apparel behavioural intentions is primarily because of consumers' perceived value, trust and attitudes. Urban BOP consumers' perceived value, anticipatory emotions and attitudes are moderated by age. CONCLUSION: Overall, this study sheds light on the differences between young and old urban BOP consumers and how they differ or coincide with age groups in more affluent segments. In order to adequately segment the urban BOP market, apparel retailers should emphasise on affordability, quality, emotional goal attainment and trust in their store atmospherics. CONTRIBUTION: In the broad context of store atmospherics, this study specifically uses age categories as a lens to provide valuable insights concerning age differences in urban bottom-of-the-pyramid consumers' perception of store atmospherics which influences their apparel behavioural intentions. Further, this study solidifies that different age categories amongst urban bottom-of-the-pyramid consumers bring forth different behavioural intentions to which marketers should adapt their store atmospheric strategies.

ORIENTATION: The fair and consistent application of disciplinary policies and procedures in government institutions is vital to nurture professional, ethical and bias-free workspace. This further circumvents unequal treatment in the workplace which may lead to aggrieved civil servants and a hostile work environment RESEARCH PURPOSE: This study evaluated the perceived fairness and consistency of the disciplinary practices within the South African Police Service MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Literature has established that employees of the Police Service and their representatives often felt that the disciplinary actions and procedures applied by the organisation were biased and failed to accomplish the essential goals of objectivity and consistency RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: Quantitative research approach was employed in this study. Closed-ended Likert-scale questionnaire was administered to 286 employees of the South African Police Service based in the Tshwane District. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics MAIN FINDINGS: The findings revealed that employees from the four police stations held a general perception that the disciplinary practices of South African Police Service (SAPS) are applied unfairly and inconsistently. Employees from Sunnyside Police Station held a more different perception as compared to employees from Pretoria West and Brooklyn Police Stations PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: Disciplinary policies that embrace and foster principles of uniform conduct across, thus improving employees' morale and maintaining a healthy working environment are vital CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: A plethora of research has been conducted exclusively on the effectiveness of disciplinary procedures. Therefore, this study has uniquely provided significant insights into the partiality of disciplinary practices