SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to determine the effects 12 weeks Step aerobics program on anthropometric characteristics and body composition in young females. A total of 94 female participants were randomly divided in two groups. The E group subsample consisted of 44 participants (20±0.4 years), who had three Step aerobics program trainings per week and the C group subsample consisted of 50 participants (20±0.6 years), who did not take part in any organized exercise program and only conducted their regular daily activities. The following measurements were used: Body height, body weight, waist size, abdomen skinfold, back skinfold, upper arm skinfold, upper leg skinfold, body fat percentage and muscle mass percentage. Upon the Step aerobics program implementation, there was a body fat reduction by 4.9 % and waist size by 7.7 %, while the muscle mass was increased by 9.4 %. Above mentioned skinfolds showed a reduction (p>0.05) at the final measurement compared to the initial one - abdomen by 25 %, upper leg by 23.7 %, back by 15.7 % and upper arm by 3.5 %. Likewise, there was a body fat percentage reduction by 2.1 % and BMI by 6.4 %. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that the Step aerobics training is efficient in reducing subcutaneous fat tissue and viscelar fat, as well as in increasing muscle mass.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los efectos de un programa aeróbico Step de 12 semanas sobre las características antropométricas y la composición corporal en mujeres jóvenes. Un total de 94 mujeres participantes fueron divididas aleatoriamente en dos grupos. La submuestra del grupo E estuvo compuesta por 44 participantes (20 ± 0,4 años), que realizaron tres entrenamientos del programa aeróbico Step por semana y la submuestra del grupo C estuvo compuesta por 50 participantes (20 ± 0,6 años), que no participaron en ningún programa de ejercicio organizado y sólo realizaron sus actividades diarias habituales. Se utilizaron las siguientes mediciones: altura corporal, peso corporal, tamaño de cintura, pliegue cutáneo del abdomen, pliegue cutáneo de la espalda, pliegue cutáneo de la parte superior del brazo, pliegue cutáneo de la parte superior de la pierna, porcentaje de grasa corporal y porcentaje de masa muscular. Al implementar el programa aeróbico Step, hubo una reducción de la grasa corporal de un 4,9 % y del tamaño de la cintura de un 7,7 %, mientras que la masa muscular aumentó un 9,4 %. Los pliegues cutáneos mencionados anteriormente mostraron una reducción (p>0,05) en la medición final en comparación con la inicial: abdomen en un 25 %, parte superior de la pierna en un 23,7 %, espalda en un 15,7 % y parte superior del brazo en un 3,5 %. Asimismo, hubo una reducción del porcentaje de grasa corporal del 2,1 % y del IMC del 6,4 %. Con base en los resultados obtenidos, podemos concluir que el entrenamiento aeróbico Step es eficaz para reducir el tejido adiposo subcutáneo y la grasa visceral, así como para aumentar la masa muscular.

SUMMARY: Anthropometric characteristics and body composition are significant factors for success in elite football, and there has been a growing body of research on this subject recently. This study aimed to investigate changes in the anthropometric characteristics and body composition of football players during both preparatory and competitive periods. The research involved 10 professional football players (24.4±4.84 yrs.) competing in the First Montenegrin Telecom League. Measurements were taken in January before the preparatory phase, then again 30 days prior to the start of the season in February, and after the season in May. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were evaluated using a set of 15 variables, including body height, body weight, triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold, back skinfold, abdominal skinfold, lower leg skinfold, upper leg skinfold, body mass index, fat kg, fat percentage, muscle mass kg, muscle mass percentage, lean body mass kg, lean body mass percentage. There were no differences in anthropometric characteristics across the three measurement periods for the football players. However, differences were observed in all six parameters of body composition across the three measurement periods. Fat mass and fat percentage significantly decreased after the competitive phase compared to measurements before and after the preparatory period. Furthermore, muscle mass, muscle mass percentage, lean muscle mass, and lean muscle mass percentage significantly increased in football players after the competitive season compared to measurements before and after the preparatory period. This indicates that the competitive season has a positive effect on changes in body composition, leading to a reduction in fat mass while simultaneously increasing muscle and lean mass components in football players, while anthropometric parameters remain unchanged.

RESUMEN: Las características antropométricas y la composición corporal son factores importantes para el éxito en el fútbol de élite, y recientemente ha habido un creciente número de investigaciones sobre este tema. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los cambios en las características antropométricas y la composición corporal de los futbolistas durante los períodos preparatorios y competitivos. La investigación involucró a 10 futbolistas profesionales (24,4 ± 4,84 años) que competían en la Primera Liga de Telecomunicación de Montenegro. Las mediciones se tomaron en enero antes de la fase preparatoria, luego nuevamente 30 días antes del inicio de la temporada en febrero y después de la temporada en mayo. Las características antropométricas y la composición corporal se evaluaron utilizando un conjunto de 15 variables, incluyendo altura corporal, peso corporal, pliegue cutáneo tricipital, pliegue cutáneo bicipital, pliegue cutáneo dorsal, pliegue cutáneo abdominal, pliegue cutáneo de la parte inferior de la pierna, pliegue cutáneo de la parte superior de la pierna, índice de masa corporal, kg de grasa, porcentaje de grasa, kg de masa muscular, porcentaje de masa muscular, kg de masa corporal magra, porcentaje de masa corporal magra. No hubo diferencias en las características antropométricas en los tres períodos de medición para los jugadores de fútbol. Sin embargo, se observaron diferencias en los seis parámetros de la composición corporal en los tres períodos de medición. La masa grasa y el porcentaje de grasa disminuyeron significativamente después de la fase competitiva en comparación con las mediciones antes y después del período preparatorio. Además, la masa muscular, el porcentaje de masa muscular, la masa muscular magra y el porcentaje de masa muscular magra aumentaron significativamente en los jugadores de fútbol después de la temporada competitiva en comparación con las mediciones antes y después del período preparatorio. Esto indica que la temporada competitiva tiene un efecto positivo en los cambios en la composición corporal, lo que lleva a una reducción de la masa grasa al mismo tiempo que aumenta los componentes de masa muscular y masa magra en los jugadores de fútbol, mientras que los parámetros antropométricos permanecen sin cambios.

SUMMARY: This study aimed to determine differences in morphological characteristics and body composition between female handball players from the national teams of Montenegro and Kosovo (U16). Thirty-four participants were included in the study, divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup consisted of 18 players from the Montenegro national team, with an average age of 14.68±0.58 years. The second subgroup consisted of 16 players from the Kosovo national team, with an average age of 15.33±0.66 years. Testing was conducted during the qualification rounds for the European Championship took place in Podgorica in 2021. All players were assessed for anthropometric measurements and body composition, with a total of twelve variables: Body height, body weight, hand length, arm span, triceps skinfold, biceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, abdominal skinfold, calf skinfold, thigh skinfold, body mass index (BMI), and body fat percentage (BF). The Tanita - model BC-418MA was utilized for the assessment of body composition. Differences in morphological characteristics and body composition of the female handball players from the two national teams were determined through discriminant parametric procedures using the T-test for independent samples with statistical significance set at p < .05. The results indicated that the players from the Montenegro team were significantly younger, had significantly greater average body height, body weight, and hand length compared to players from the Kosovo team. Statistical differences between the two treated teams were found in the variable thigh skinfold, while no significant differences were observed in BMI and BF.

RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar las diferencias en las características morfológicas y la composición corporal entre jugadoras de balonmano de los equipos nacionales de Montenegro y Kosovo (U16). Se incluyeron en el estudio 34 participantes, divididas en dos subgrupos. El primer subgrupo consistió en 18 jugadoras del equipo nacional de Montenegro, con una edad media de 14,68 ± 0,58 años. El segundo subgrupo consistió en 16 jugadoras del equipo nacional de Kosovo, con una edad media de 15,33 ± 0,66 años. Las pruebas se llevaron a cabo durante las rondas de clasificación para el Campeonato Europeo que tuvo lugar en Podgorica en 2021. A todas las jugadoras se les evaluaron las medidas antropométricas y la composición corporal, con un total de doce variables: altura corporal, peso corporal, longitud de la mano, envergadura del brazo, pliegue cutáneo del tríceps, pliegue cutáneo del bíceps, pliegue cutáneo subescapular, pliegue cutáneo abdominal, pliegue cutáneo de la pantorrilla, pliegue cutáneo del muslo, índice de masa corporal (IMC) y porcentaje de grasa corporal (GC). Para la evaluación de la composición corporal se utilizó el modelo Tanita BC-418MA. Las diferencias en las características morfológicas y la composición corporal de las jugadoras de balonmano de los dos equipos nacionales se determinaron mediante procedimientos paramétricos discriminantes utilizando la prueba T para muestras independientes con significación estadística establecida en p <0,05. Los resultados indicaron que las jugadoras del equipo de Montenegro eran significativamente más jóvenes, tenían una altura corporal media, un peso corporal y una longitud de la mano significativamente mayores en comparación con las jugadoras del equipo de Kosovo. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas entre los dos equipos tratados en la variable pliegue cutáneo del muslo, mientras que no se observaron diferencias significativas en el IMC y el GC.

RESUMEN: La preparación militar depende en gran medida de la aptitud física y la capacidad operativa de su personal. Este estudio tiene como objetivo mejorar la eficacia de los protocolos de evaluación y clasificación de la composición corporal dentro del contexto militar. Se realizó una evaluación integral de 4.370 militares chilenos en servicio activo, centrándose en las características antropométricas, incluido el tejido adiposo, el tejido muscular y los índices antropométricos. El estudio observó diferencias significativas en la composición corporal entre sexos, con los hombres exhibiendo niveles más bajos de porcentaje de grasa corporal (hombres: 26,28 %; mujeres: 34,62 %) pero niveles más altos de masa muscular (hombres: 42,0 %; mujeres: 36,0 %;), índice de músculo esquelético (hombres: 11,81; mujeres: 9,31) e índice de masa magra (hombres: 19,92; mujeres: 18,45) en comparación con las mujeres. Se observaron altos niveles de tejido muscular en ambos grupos. Al integrar estos hallazgos en un protocolo de evaluación estandarizado, se logró una clasificación más precisa del personal militar, superando los métodos tradicionales utilizados en poblaciones obesas sedentarias. El estudio aboga por la adopción futura de un modelo de evaluación basado en algoritmos de inteligencia artificial (IA), que consideren la naturaleza multifacética de la composición corporal y su impacto en la capacidad operativa. Un modelo de este tipo permitiría a las fuerzas militares optimizar la aptitud física y la preparación de su personal, mejorando así su eficacia en las operaciones de despliegue.

SUMMARY: Military readiness relies heavily on the physical fitness and operational capability of its personnel. This study aims to enhance the effectiveness of body composition assessment and classification protocols within the military context. A comprehensive evaluation of 4370 active-duty Chilean military personnel was conducted, focusing on anthropometric characteristics, including adipose tissue, muscle tissue, and anthropometric indices. The study observed significant differences in body composition between genders, with men exhibiting lower levels of body fat percentage (men: 26.28 %; women: 34.62 %) but higher levels of muscle mass (men: 42.0 %; women: 36.0 %;), skeletal muscle index (men:11.81; women: 9.31), and fat-free mass index (men: 19.92; women: 18.45) compared to women. High levels of muscle tissue were observed in both groups. By integrating these findings into a standardized assessment protocol, a more accurate classification of military personnel was achieved, surpassing traditional methods used in sedentary obese populations. The study advocates the future adoption of an assessment model based on artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, which consider the multifaceted nature of body composition and its impact on operational capability. Such a model would enable military forces to optimize their personnel's physical fitness and readiness, thus enhancing their effectiveness in deployment operations.

RESUMEN: El análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) es un método relativamente económico, rápido y no invasivo para la determinación de la composición corporal. El ángulo de fase (PhA) es un indicador de la salud celular y de la integridad de la membrana y parece estar relacionado con la capacidad física y el rendimiento deportivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue el de analizar las posibles relaciones entre PhA y el porcentaje de masa muscular esquelética (SMM%) y entre PhA y el porcentaje de masa grasa (FM%) en una población caucásica sana, con un amplio rango de edad. Se analizaron 210 sujetos caucásicos sanos (99 mujeres y 111 hombres), de edades comprendidas entre 20 y 70 años. Se utilizó un dispositivo BIA mano-pie (BIA-101, AKERN-Srl, Firenze, Italy) para la determinación de los parámetros bioeléctricos y un escáner DXA de cuerpo entero QDR, serie Horizon (Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA, USA) para la determinación de SMM% y FM%. Se observaron correlaciones significativas positivas fuertes entre PhA y SMM%, independientemente de la franja de edad, (0,520-0,687; p < 0,01) y correlaciones significativas negativas fuertes (o moderadas/fuertes) entre PhA y FM% (0,492-0,657; p < 0,01), también independientemente de la franja de edad. Estas correlaciones indican que PhA podría utilizarse como marcador para ver la evolución de un sujeto activo, sea deportista o no. Se recomienda, por tanto, el desarrollo y la validación de nuevas ecuaciones para determinar la masa muscular y la masa grasa, que incluyan PhA como parámetro bioeléctrico.

SUMMARY: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive, economic and fast method for body composition assessment. Phase angle (PhA) is considered an indicator of cellular health and cell membrane integrity, and it seems to be related to physical capacity and performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible relationships between PhA and skeletal muscle mass percentage (SMM%) and between PhA and fat mass percentage (FM%) in a healthy Caucasian population with a wide age range. 210 healthy Caucasian participants (99 women and 111 men), aged 20-70 years were analyzed. A BIA foot-to-hand body composition analyzer (BIA-101, AKERN-Srl, Firenze, Italy) was used to determine bioelectrical parameters, and a whole body DXA scanner QDR, serie Horizon (Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA, USA) was used for SMM% and FM% assessment. Irrespective of age range, strong positive significant correlations were observed between PhA and SMM% (0.520-0.687; p < 0.01) and strong (or moderate/strong) negative significant correlations were observed between PhA and FM% (0.492-0.657; p < 0.01). These correlations indicate that PhA could be used as a marker to monitor the evolution of an active subject, whether an athlete or not. It would be useful to develop and validate new equations for skeletal muscle mass and fat mass assessment, which include PhA as a bioelectrical parameter.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer un modelo de dinámica de cambio relacionada con la edad para predecir cambios en los indicadores de composición corporal en bomberos profesionales. El estudio incluyó una muestra total de 145 sujetos, incluidos bomberos profesionales de Serbia (Edad: 36,6 ± 7,6 años, mín. - máx.: 21,0 - 52,0 años). Se analizaron cuatro variables básicas: Masa Corporal - MC, Masa Grasa Corporal - MGC, - Masa Muscular Esquelética - MME y Área Grasa Visceral - AGV, así como cinco variables derivadas o indexadas: Índice de Masa Corporal - IMC, Porcentaje de grasa corporal - PGC, porcentaje de masa muscular esquelética - PMME, índice proteína-grasa - IPG e índice de composición corporal - ICC. Los resultados mostraron una dinámica de cambio estadísticamente significativa en función de la edad para ocho de las variables examinadas, mientras que sólo una, MME no fue estadísticamente significativa. La mayor significancia estadística en términos de dinámica de cambio en función de la edad se encontró para la variable AGV (F = 35,241, p = 000) y la variable PMME (F = 31,398, p = 0,000). Los bomberos profesionales de Serbia pertenecen a la categoría de personas con indicadores nutricionales normales. Sin embargo, debido a un aumento dominante de la grasa visceral combinado con una disminución dominante de la PMME, se puede concluir que están expuestos a un riesgo de desarrollar diversas enfermedades crónicas, mientras que las condiciones de trabajo, que promueven ciertos hábitos de vida negativos, también contribuyen al aumento observado de los componentes de la grasa corporal.

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to establish an age-related dynamic of change model for predicting changes in body composition indicators in professional firefighters. The study included a total sample of 145 subjects, comprising professional firefighters from Serbia (Age: 36.6 ± 7.6 yrs., Min - Max: 21.0 - 52.0 yrs.). Four basic variables were analysed: Body Mass - BM, Body Fat Mass - BFM, Skeletal Muscle Mass - SMM, and Visceral Fat Area - VFA, as well as five derived, or index, variables: Body Mass Index - BMI, Percentage of Body Fat - PBF, Percentage of Skeletal Muscle Mass - PSMM, Protein-Fat Index - PFI, and Index of Body - IBC Composition. The results showed a statistically significant dynamic of change as a function of age for eight of the examined variables, while only one (Skeletal Muscle Mass - SMM) was not statistically significant. The highest statistical significance in terms of dynamics of change as a function of age was found for the variable VFA (F = 35.241, p = 000) and the variable PSMM (F = 31.398, p = 0.000). Professional firefighters in Serbia fall into the category of people with normal nutritional indicators. However, due to a dominant increase in visceral fat (VFA) combined with a dominant decrease in the proportion of skeletal muscles in the body (PSMM), it can be concluded that they are exposed to a risk of developing various chronic diseases, while their working conditions, which promote certain negative lifestyle habits, also contribute to the observed increase in body fat components.

Abstract The high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in firefighters is of great concern, since cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of illness and death in this population. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze cardiorespiratory capacity, dietary habits, and body fat percentage in Chilean firefighters. Sixty-five firefighters were recruited and a non-experimental approach of observational and analytical design was used. A cycloergometer exercise test and indirect calorimetry were used to measure maximum oxygen consumption [VO2max] as an indicator of cardiorespiratory capacity, a survey of dietary habits, and bioimpedance to determine the percentage of body fat mass. The mean VO2max was 26,60 ml kg-1min-1 [SD: 6,51]. 83,1% of the participants had excess malnutrition, and 78,5% had excess fat mass. A significant negative relationship was found between VO2max and BMI [rs = -0,468, p<0,001] and body fat percentage [rs = -0,640, p<0,001]. The cardiorespiratory capacity of 89,2% of the subjects was classified as “poor” or “very poor”. According to the results obtained and the available evidence, the projection of this study would be the search for protocols that protect aspects of preventive health and maintenance in Chilean firefighters.

Resumen La alta prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en bomberos es de gran preocupación, debido a que las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de enfermedad y muerte en esta población. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir y analizar la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, hábitos alimentarios y porcentaje de grasa corporal de bomberos chilenos. Fueron reclutados 65 bomberos y se utilizó un enfoque no experimental de diseño observacional y analítico. Se empleó una prueba de ejercicio en cicloergómetro y calorimetría indirecta para medir el consumo máximo de oxígeno [VO2máx] como indicador de la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, encuesta para los hábitos alimentarios, y bioimpedancia para determinar el porcentaje de masa grasa corporal. El VO2máx promedio fue de 26,60 ml kg-1min-1 [DE: 6,51]. El 83,1% de los participantes presentaban malnutrición por exceso, y el 78,5% tenían exceso de masa grasa. Se encontró una relación negativa significativa entre el VO2máx e IMC [rs = -0,468, p<0,001] y el porcentaje de grasa corporal [rs = -0,640, p<0,001]. El 89,2 % de los sujetos tuvo una capacidad cardiorrespiratoria clasificada como “pobre” o “muy pobre”. Según los resultados obtenidos y la evidencia disponible, la proyección del presente estudio sería la búsqueda de protocolos que resguarden aspectos de salud preventiva y mantención en bomberos chilenos.

Abstract Introduction: Nutritional status, body composition and eating habits are relevant for eligibility, training, and naval career progression, due to the influence of these factors have on the physical and mental health and sports performance of recruits. Objective: To describe and evaluate the nutritional status, body composition and eating behavior of first-year students of the “Alejandro Navarrete Cisterna” Naval School in Talcahuano. Methods: Non-experimental cross-sectional study of 781 recruits. Anthropometric and body composition evaluation was carried out by trained nutritionists, and the self-report Eating Habits Survey was applied. Results: Age 19.2 ± 1.47 years, 35.7% women. According to nutritional status, a higher percentage of overweight and obesity was observed in women compared to men. BMI was related to body composition; women had a mean BMI of overweight with a higher percentage of body fat and a lower percentage of muscle mass. Eating behavior was significantly related to nutritional status, with compliance of: dairy consumption, legume consumption, daily dinner and non-consumption of alcoholic beverages being higher in normal weight recruits than in those with overweight and obesity. Conclusion: The naval recruits had a higher normal weight, less obesity and better eating behavior than the general population, possibly due to the physical and nutritional preparation in the initial period of naval training.

Resumen Introducción: El estado nutricional, la composición corporal y los hábitos alimentarios son relevantes para la elegibilidad, entrenamiento y progresión de la carrera naval, por la influencia que tienen estos factores sobre la salud física, mental y rendimiento deportivo de los reclutas. Objetivo: Describir y evaluar el estado nutricional, la composición corporal y la conducta alimentaria de estudiantes de primer año de la Escuela de Grumetes “Alejandro Navarrete Cisterna” de Talcahuano. Métodos: Estudio no experimental de corte transversal a 781 grumetes. Se realizó evaluación antropométrica y de composición corporal por nutricionistas entrenadas, y se aplicó la Encuesta sobre Hábitos Alimentarios de autorreporte. Resultados: Edad 19,2 ± 1,47 años, 35,7% mujeres. Según el estado nutricional, se observó un mayor porcentaje de sobrepeso y obesidad en mujeres comparado con los hombres. El IMC se relacionó directamente con la composición corporal; las mujeres presentaron una media de IMC de sobrepeso con mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal y menor porcentaje de masa muscular. La conducta alimentaria se relacionó con estado nutricional significativamente, siendo los cumplimientos de: consumo de lácteos, consumo de legumbres, cena diariamente y no consumo de bebidas alcohólicas más altos en reclutas normopeso que en aquellos con sobrepeso y obesidad. Conclusión: Los grumetes presentaron mayor normopeso, menor obesidad y mejor conducta alimentaria que la población general, debido posiblemente a la preparación física y nutricional en el periodo inicial de la instrucción naval.

ABSTRACT The effect of three sources of lipids in the diet of fattening turkeys from the Hybrid Converter line on growth, carcass weight and blood metabolites were evaluated. A total of 90 43-day-old male turkeys were randomly distributed into 3 treatments, with 5 repetitions and 6 birds per group. The turkeys received isonutritional diets supplemented with Cajamarca Creole lard (MCCC), soybean oil (AS) or palm oil (AP). Turkeys aged 43 to 70 days with MCCC and AP had better body weight gain, lower feed consumption and better feed conversion (p<0.05) than those with the AS treatment; However, there were no differences between treatments during the finishing phase (71-98 days) nor in the total fattening period (43-98 days). The carcass weight in MCCC and AS was greater than in AP, in addition, they reduced (p<0.05) the relative weight of the liver and the percentage of abdominal fat compared to AP. Triglycerides and total cholesterol in blood were lower (p<0.05) in AS and MCCC than in AP, likewise, MCCC decreased (p<0.05) the malondialdehyde content in blood. It is concluded that MCCC in fattening turkeys from 43 to 98 days of age can replace AS and AP in the diet, since it does not generate negative effects or a decrease in the evaluated indicators.

RESUMEN Se evaluó el efecto de tres fuentes de lípidos en la dieta de pavos de engorde de la línea Hybrid Converter sobre el crecimiento, peso de carcasa y metabolitos sanguíneos. Un total de 90 pavos machos de 43 días de edad se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en 3 tratamientos con 5 repeticiones y 6 aves por grupo. Los pavos recibieron dietas isonutricionales suplementadas con manteca de cerdo criollo cajamarquino (MCCC), aceite de soya (AS) o aceite de palma (AP). Los pavos de 43 a 70 días con MCCC y AP tuvieron mejor ganancia de peso corporal, menor consumo de alimento y mejor conversión alimenticia (p<0.05) que los del tratamiento AS; sin embargo, no hubo diferencias entre tratamientos durante la fase de finalización (71-98 días) ni en el total periodo de engorde(43-98días). El peso de la carcasa en MCCC y AS fue mayor que en AP; además, redujeron (p<0.05) el peso relativo del hígado y el porcentaje de grasa abdominal en comparación con AP. Los triglicéridos y el colesterol total en sangre fueron menores (p<0.05) en AS y MCCC que en AP. Asimismo, el MCCC disminuyó (p<0.05) el contenido de malondialdehído en sangre. Se concluye que la MCCC en pavos de engorde de 43 a 98 días de edad puede reemplazar el AS yAP en la dieta, ya que no genera efectos negativos ni disminución de los indicadores evaluados.

RESUMEN Introducción: El VIH/SIDA es considerado uno de los grandes casos de salud pública, sin embargo, está comprobado que pacientes que hacen uso de la terapia antirretroviral (TARV) y practican entrenamiento de fuerza provoca una promoción de su salud. Objetivos: Evaluar el impacto del entrenamiento de fuerza en la resistencia a las citoquinas y en la composición corporal de las personas que viven con VIH/SIDA. Métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, la muestra estuvo compuesta por 12 pacientes, siete del Grupo de Fuerza (TFG) y cinco del Grupo de Resistencia Muscular (GRM). Se compararon los niveles de las citocinas IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 y TNF-α y la composición corporal en la primera y la última sesión. Los pacientes completaron 36 sesiones de entrenamiento de fuerza y resistencia durante 12 semanas. Resultados: Tras 36 sesiones de entrenamiento de resistencia GRM, se produjo un aumento significativo de 4.734 pg/mL a 5.050 pg/mL de IL-10 (p=0,002). En cuanto a la TFG, no se encontraron resultados significativos. En cuanto a la composición corporal, hubo diferencias significativas en la TFG debido al aumento de la masa magra en brazos de 6.441g a 7.014g (p=0,04), piernas de 16.379g a 17.281g (p=0,02) y cuerpo entero de 45.640g a 47.343g (p=0,01). En el GRM hubo una disminución significativa del porcentaje de grasa en los brazos de 23.160% a 20.750% (p = 0,04). Para la evaluación de la calidad de vida se utilizó el cuestionario WHOQOL-HIV-Bref, donde se encontró una mejoría significativa en todos los dominios, excepto en el dominio nivel de independencia. Conclusión: Concluimos que el entrenamiento de resistencia muscular es eficaz para aumentar la IL-10 y disminuir el porcentaje de grasa en los brazos, mientras que el entrenamiento de fuerza aumenta la masa magra total. Nivel de Evidencia I; Ensayo clínico aleatorizado. Introducción VIHSIDA VIH SIDA pública embargo TARV (TARV Objetivos Métodos aleatorizado 1 (TFG GRM. . (GRM) IL2, IL2 IL 2, 2 IL-2 IL4, IL4 4, 4 IL-4 IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL-6 IL10 10 IL-1 TNFα TNF α sesión 3 semanas Resultados 4734 734 4.73 pgmL pg mL 5050 5 050 5.05 p=0,002. p0002 p p=0,002 0 002 (p=0,002) significativos 6441g g 441g 7014g 7 014g p=0,04, p004 p=0,04 , 04 (p=0,04) 16379g 16 379g 17281g 17 281g p=0,02 p002 02 (p=0,02 45640g 45 640g 47343g 47 343g p=0,01. p001 p=0,01 01 (p=0,01) 23160 23 160 23.160 20750 20 750 20.750 0,04. 004 0,04 0,04) WHOQOLHIVBref, WHOQOLHIVBref WHOQOL HIV Bref, Bref WHOQOL-HIV-Bref dominios independencia Conclusión total I (GRM IL- IL1 473 73 4.7 505 05 5.0 p000 p=0,00 00 (p=0,002 p00 p=0,0 (p=0,04 (p=0,0 (p=0,01 2316 23.16 2075 75 20.75 0,0 4. 50 5. (p=0,00 p0 p=0, (p=0, 231 23.1 207 20.7 0, p=0 (p=0 23. 20. p= (p=

ABSTRACT Introduction: HIV/AIDS is considered one of the great cases of public health, but it is seen that patients who use antiretroviral therapy (ART) and practice strength training promote a promotion of their health. Objectives: Assess the impact of strength and resistance training on cytokines and body composition in people living with HIV/AIDS. Methods: Randomized clinical trial, the sample consisted of 12 patients, 7 from the Strength Group (GF) and 5 from Group 2, Muscular Resistance (MGR). We compared the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α cytokines and body composition in the first and last sessions. The patients completed 36 strength and resistance training sessions over 12 weeks. Results: After 36 sessions of GRM resistance training, there was a significant increase from 4,734 pg/mL to 5,050 pg/mL of IL-10 (p=0.002). Regarding the GFR, no significant results were found. For body composition, there were significant differences in GFR due to the increase in lean mass of the arms from 6,441g to 7,014g (p=0.04), legs from 16,379g to 17,281g (p=0.02) and whole body of 45,640g to 47,343g (p=0.01). In G2 there was a significant decrease in the percentage of fat in the arms from 23,160% to 20,750% (p = 0.04). To assess quality of life, the WHOQOL-HIV-Bref questionnaire was used, where significant improvement was found in all domains, except for the level of independence domain. Conclusion: We conclude that muscular resistance training is effective in increasing IL-10 and decreasing the percentage of fat in the arms, whereas strength training increases lean mass in arms, legs, and the whole body. Level of Evidence I; Randomized Clinical Trial. Introduction HIVAIDS HIV AIDS health ART (ART Objectives Methods trial 1 GF (GF 2 MGR. MGR . (MGR) IL2, IL2 IL IL-2 IL4, IL4 4, 4 IL-4 IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL-6 IL10 10 IL-1 TNFα TNF α 3 weeks Results 4734 734 4,73 pgmL pg mL 5050 050 5,05 p=0.002. p0002 p p=0.002 0 002 (p=0.002) 6441g g 441g 7014g 014g p=0.04, p004 p=0.04 , 04 (p=0.04) 16379g 16 379g 17281g 17 281g p=0.02 p002 02 (p=0.02 45640g 45 640g 47343g 47 343g p=0.01. p001 p=0.01 01 (p=0.01) G 23160 23 160 23,160 20750 20 750 20,750 0.04. 004 0.04 0.04) life WHOQOLHIVBref WHOQOL Bref used domains domain Conclusion I Trial (MGR IL- IL1 473 73 4,7 505 05 5,0 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.002 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.04 (p=0.0 (p=0.01 2316 23,16 2075 75 20,75 0.0 50 5, (p=0.00 p0 p=0. (p=0. 231 23,1 207 20,7 0. p=0 (p=0 23, 20, p= (p=

RESUMO Introdução: O HIV/AIDS é considerado um dos grandes casos de saúde pública, porém verifica-se que pacientes que fazem uso de terapia antirretroviral (TARV) e praticam treinamento de força provocam uma promoção de sua saúde. Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto do treinamento de força sobre a resistência nas citocinas e a composição corporal de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado, a amostra foi composta por 12 pacientes, sendo sete do Grupo Força (TFG) e cinco do Grupo Resistência Muscular (GRM). Comparou-se os níveis das citocinas IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 e TNF-α e a composição corporal na primeira e na última sessão. Os pacientes completaram 36 sessões de treinamento de força e resistência ao longo de 12 semanas. Resultados: Após 36 sessões de treinamento resistido GRM, houve um aumento significativo de 4.734 pg/mL para 5.050 pg/mL de IL-10 (p=0,002). Em relação à TFG, não foram encontrados resultados significativos. Para composição corporal, houve diferenças significativas na TFG devido ao aumento da massa magra dos braços de 6.441g para 7.014g (p=0,04), pernas de 16.379g para 17.281g (p=0,02) e corpo inteiro de 45.640g para 47.343g (p=0,01). No GRM houve diminuição significativa do percentual de gordura nos braços de 23.160% para 20.750% (p = 0,04). Para avaliação da qualidade de vida foi utilizado o questionário WHOQOL-HIV-Bref, onde foi encontrada uma melhora significativa em todos os domínios, exceto no domínio nível de independência. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o treinamento de resistência muscular é eficaz em aumentar a IL-10 e diminuir o percentual de gordura nos braços, enquanto o treinamento de força aumenta a massa magra geral. Nível de Evidência I; Ensaio Clínico Randomizado. Introdução HIVAIDS HIV AIDS pública verificase verifica se TARV (TARV Objetivos Métodos randomizado 1 (TFG GRM. . (GRM) Comparouse Comparou IL2, IL2 IL 2, 2 IL-2 IL4, IL4 4, 4 IL-4 IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL-6 IL10 10 IL-1 TNFα TNF α sessão 3 semanas Resultados 4734 734 4.73 pgmL pg mL 5050 5 050 5.05 p=0,002. p0002 p p=0,002 0 002 (p=0,002) significativos 6441g g 441g 7014g 7 014g p=0,04, p004 p=0,04 , 04 (p=0,04) 16379g 16 379g 17281g 17 281g p=0,02 p002 02 (p=0,02 45640g 45 640g 47343g 47 343g p=0,01. p001 p=0,01 01 (p=0,01) 23160 23 160 23.160 20750 20 750 20.750 0,04. 004 0,04 0,04) WHOQOLHIVBref, WHOQOLHIVBref WHOQOL Bref, Bref WHOQOL-HIV-Bref domínios independência Conclusão Concluise Conclui geral I Randomizado (GRM IL- IL1 473 73 4.7 505 05 5.0 p000 p=0,00 00 (p=0,002 p00 p=0,0 (p=0,04 (p=0,0 (p=0,01 2316 23.16 2075 75 20.75 0,0 4. 50 5. (p=0,00 p0 p=0, (p=0, 231 23.1 207 20.7 0, p=0 (p=0 23. 20. p= (p=

RESUMEN El entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) promueve adaptaciones similares y, en algunos casos, superiores al entrenamiento aeróbico continuo de intensidad moderada. En esta condición, tiende a tener una mayor alteración fisiológica y acumulación de metabolitos en comparación con las intensidades submáximas, siendo uno de los principales factores asociados con la respuesta negativa del placer en el entrenamiento. Objetivo: Verificar la relación entre las respuestas fisiológicas y psicofisiológicas para repetir el entrenamiento de dos protocolos HIIT de carga del mismo volumen y diferentes períodos de trabajo en adultos entrenados de ambos sexos. Métodos: En un experimento aleatorizado, la muestra estuvo constituida por 9 individuos de 28±5 años, masa corporal 69,6±14,2 kg, altura 169±0,1cm, IMC 24,1±2,3 kg/m2 y porcentaje de grasa corporal 20,2±7,9% practicantes de ejercicios físicos aeróbicos estructurados durante al menos seis meses. Se realizaron dos protocolos HIIT diferentes en bicicleta estática, siendo protocolo 1: 0,5, con intensidad prescrita (80-90% de la FC MÁXIMA), protocolo 1: 2 con intensidad prescrita (total) con duración total del esfuerzo de 20 minutos e intervalo de al menos 48 horas entre cada sesión. Se analizaron la frecuencia cardíaca (FC), presión arterial sistémica (PAS), percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo (PSE), escala analógica visual (EVA), respuesta afectiva (FS), diversión (PACES) e intención de repetir la sesión. El análisis estadístico utilizado fue ANOVA con post-hoc de Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados: Los análisis de HR, PAS, EVA, PACES y PSE no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los protocolos de entrenamiento. La respuesta afectiva (FS e intención de repetir) mostró una disminución en el protocolo 1:0,5, pero sin significancia (p>0,05). Conclusión: Los datos permiten concluir que el protocolo 1:2 causó mayores alteraciones fisiológicas durante el esfuerzo y presentó mayor respuesta afectiva positiva e intención de repetir la sesión de ejercicio, variables que pueden contribuir para la adhesión al ejercicio físico. Nivel de Evidencia I; Estudios Terapéuticos - Investigación de los Resultados del Tratamiento. (HIIT casos moderada condición submáximas Objetivo sexos Métodos aleatorizado 285 28 5 28± años 696142 69 6 14 69,6±14, kg 16901cm cm 169 0 1cm 169±0,1cm 24123 24 1 3 24,1±2, kgm2 kgm m2 m kg/m 20279 7 20,2±7,9 meses estática 05 0,5 8090% 8090 80 90% 90 (80-90 MÁXIMA, MÁXIMA , MÁXIMA) (total 4 FC, (FC) PAS (PAS) PSE, (PSE) EVA (EVA) FS, FS (FS) (PACES posthoc post hoc p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 . (p<0,05) HR 10,5, 105 1:0,5 p>0,05. p>0,05 (p>0,05) Conclusión 12 físico I Tratamiento 69614 69,6±14 16 2412 24,1±2 2027 20,2±7, 0, 809 8 (80-9 (FC (PAS (PSE (EVA p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 10 10,5 1:0, p>0,0 (p>0,05 6961 69,6±1 241 24,1± 202 20,2±7 (80- p0 p<0, (p<0,0 10, 1:0 p>0, (p>0,0 696 69,6± 24,1 20,2± (80 p<0 (p<0, p>0 (p>0, 69,6 24, 20,2 (8 p< (p<0 p> (p>0 69, 20, ( (p< (p> (p

ABSTRACT High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) promotes similar adaptations and in some cases, superior to continuous aerobic training of moderate intensity, even when performed at all-out intensities. In this condition, it tends to have the greatest physiological disturbance and accumulation of metabolites compared to submaximal intensities, being one of the main factors associated with the negative response of pleasure in training. Objective: To verify the relationship between physiological and psychophysiological responses in order to repeat the training of two HIIT protocols of mesm volume load and different periods of work in trained adults of both sexes. Methods: In a randomized experiment, the sample consisted of 9 individuals aged 28±5 years, body mass 69.6±14.2 kg, height 169±0.1cm, BMI 24.1±2.3 kg/m2 and body fat percentage 20.2±7.9% practitioners of structured aerobic physical exercises for at least six months. Two different HIIT protocols were performed on an exercise bike, being (I) protocol 1:0.5, with prescribed intensity (80-90% of MAX HR), (II) protocol 1:2 with prescribed intensity (all-out) with total duration of effort of 20 minutes and interval of at least 48 hours between each session. Heart rate (HR), systemic blood pressure (SBP), subjective perception of exertion (SPE), visual analog scale (VAS), affective response (AR), fun (PACES) and intention to repeat the session were analyzed. The statistical analysis used was ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc (p<0.05). Results: The analyses of HR, SBP, VAS, PACES and SPE showed no significant difference between the training protocols. The affective response (AR and intention to repeat) showed a decline in the protocol 1:0.5, but without significance (p>0.05). Conclusion: The data allow us to conclude that the 1:2 protocol caused greater physiological disturbances during exertion and presented greater positive affective response and intention to repeat the exercise session, variables that may contribute to adherence to regular physical exercise. Level of Evidence I; Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment results. (HIIT cases allout all out intensities condition Objective sexes Methods experiment 285 28 5 28± years 696142 69 6 14 2 69.6±14. kg 16901cm cm 169 0 1cm 169±0.1cm 24123 24 1 3 24.1±2. kgm2 kgm m2 m kg/m 20279 7 20.2±7.9 months bike I (I 10.5, 105 0.5, 1:0.5 8090% 8090 80 90% 90 (80-90 HR , HR) II (II 12 1: (all-out 4 (HR) SBP (SBP) SPE, (SPE) VAS (VAS) AR, AR (AR) (PACES analyzed Tukeys Tukey s posthoc post hoc p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 . 05 (p<0.05) Results p>0.05. p>0.05 (p>0.05) Conclusion results 69614 69.6±14 16 2412 24.1±2 2027 20.2±7. 10 10.5 0.5 1:0. 809 8 (80-9 (HR (SBP (SPE (VAS p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p>0.0 (p>0.05 6961 69.6±1 241 24.1± 202 20.2±7 10. 0. 1:0 (80- p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p>0. (p>0.0 696 69.6± 24.1 20.2± (80 p<0 (p<0. p>0 (p>0. 69.6 24. 20.2 (8 p< (p<0 p> (p>0 69. 20. ( (p< (p> (p

RESUMO O Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade (HIIT) promove adaptações semelhantes e em alguns casos, superiores ao treinamento aeróbico contínuo de intensidade moderada, mesmo quando executado em intensidades all out. Nesta condição, tende a maior perturbação fisiológica e acúmulo de metabólitos comparado a intensidades submáximas, sendo um dos principais fatores associados a resposta negativa de prazer no treinamento. Objetivo: Verificar qual relação entre respostas fisiológicas e psicofisiológicas na intenção de repetir o treinamento de dois protocolos HIIT de mesmo volume load e distintos períodos de trabalho, em adultos treinados de ambos os sexos. Métodos: Em experimento randomizado, a amostra foi composta por 9 indivíduos com idade entre 28±5 anos, massa corporal 69,6±14,2 kg, estatura 169±0,1cm, IMC 24,1±2,3 kg/m2 e percentual de gordura corporal 20,2±7,9% praticantes de exercícios físicos aeróbicos estruturados por pelo menos seis meses. Realizaram dois diferentes protocolos de HIIT em bicicleta ergométrica, sendo (I) protocolo 1:0,5, com intensidade prescrita (80-90% da FCmáx), (II) protocolo 1:2 com intensidade prescrita (all-out) com duração total de esforço de 20 minutos e intervalo de pelo menos 48 horas entre cada sessão. Foram analisados frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistêmica (PAS), percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE), escala visual analógica (EVA), resposta afetiva (FS), divertimento (PACES) e intenção de repetir a sessão. A análise estatística usada foi ANOVA com post-hoc de Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados: As análises da FC, PAS, EVA, PACES e PSE não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os protocolos de treinamento. As respostas afetivas (FS e intenção de repetir) apresentaram maior declínio no protocolo 1:0,5, porém sem significância (p>0,05). Conclusão: Os dados permitem concluir que o protocolo 1:2 provocou maiores perturbações fisiológicas durante esforço e apresentou maior resposta afetiva positiva e intenção de repetir a sessão de exercício, variáveis que podem vir a contribuir na aderência à prática regular de exercícios físicos. Nível de Evidência I; Estudos terapêuticos – Investigação dos resultados do tratamento. (HIIT casos moderada out condição submáximas Objetivo trabalho sexos Métodos randomizado 285 28 5 28± anos 696142 69 6 14 2 69,6±14, kg 16901cm cm 169 0 1cm 169±0,1cm 24123 24 1 3 24,1±2, kgm2 kgm m2 m kg/m 20279 7 20,2±7,9 meses ergométrica I (I 10,5, 105 0,5, 1:0,5 8090% 8090 80 90% 90 (80-90 FCmáx, FCmáx , FCmáx) II (II 12 1: allout (all-out 4 FC (FC) PAS (PAS) PSE, (PSE) EVA (EVA) FS, FS (FS) (PACES posthoc post hoc p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 . 05 (p<0,05) Resultados p>0,05. p>0,05 (p>0,05) Conclusão exercício tratamento 69614 69,6±14 16 2412 24,1±2 2027 20,2±7, 10 10,5 0,5 1:0, 809 8 (80-9 (FC (PAS (PSE (EVA p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 p>0,0 (p>0,05 6961 69,6±1 241 24,1± 202 20,2±7 10, 0, 1:0 (80- p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p>0, (p>0,0 696 69,6± 24,1 20,2± (80 p<0 (p<0, p>0 (p>0, 69,6 24, 20,2 (8 p< (p<0 p> (p>0 69, 20, ( (p< (p> (p

ABSTRACT Objective: To study associations between polymorphisms in the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE I/D), actinin 3 (ACTN3 R577X) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1 T(-107)C) genes and chronic diseases (diabetes and hypertension) in women. Materials and methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva samples of 78 women between 18 and 59 years old used for genetic polymorphism screening. Biochemical data were collected from the medical records in Basic Health Units from Southern Brazil. Questionnaires about food consumption, physical activity level and socioeconomic status were applied. Results: The XX genotype of ACTN3 was associated with low HDL levels and high triglycerides, total cholesterol and glucose levels. Additionally, high triglycerides and LDL levels were observed in carriers of the TT genotype of PON1, and lower total cholesterol levels were associated to the CC genotype. As expected, women with diabetes/hypertense had increased body weight, BMI (p = 0.02), waist circumference (p = 0.01), body fat percentage, blood pressure (p = 0.02), cholesterol, triglycerides (p = 0.02), and blood glucose (p = 0.01), when compared to the control group. Conclusion: Both ACTN3 R577X and PON1 T(-107)C polymorphisms are associated with nutritional status and blood glucose and lipid levels in women with diabetes/hypertense. These results contribute to genetic knowledge about predisposition to obesity-related diseases. Objective ACE I/D, ID I/D , I D I/D) ACTN (ACTN RX R X PON (PON T107C TC T 107 C diabetes hypertension methods 7 5 screening Brazil consumption applied Results Additionally expected diabeteshypertense hypertense weight p 0.02, 002 0.02 0 02 0.02) 0.01, 001 0.01 01 0.01) percentage group Conclusion obesityrelated obesity related 10 00 0.0 0.

ABSTRACT Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with important changes in nutritional status. Objective: The aim of the study was to compare body fat composition between two anthropometric methods: skinfolds and ultrasonography, in patients with IBD. Methods: Single-center cross-sectional study with IBD patients in remission or active disease. For the agreement analysis between the body fat assessment methods, the Bland Altman method was used. Results: A total of 101 patients with IBD were included, 75 with Crohn’s disease and 26 with ulcerative colitis. Approximately 56% of the patients with Crohn’s disease and 65.4% of those with ulcerative colitis had a body fat composition above normal levels, with no significant difference between the diseases (P=0.63). The Bland-Altman concordance analysis showed that the methods for assessing the percentage of fat by the adipometer and ultrasound were not in full agreement (P=0.001), despite both presented good correlation (CC 0.961; P=0.000). Conclusion: The analysis of body fat percentage in patients with IBD was different between the skinfolds and ultrasound. Both methods can be used to assess the of body fat percentage of patients with IBD. However, monitoring of body fat sequentially and longitudinally should always be performed using the same method throughout the disease course. Prospective longitudinal studies are warranted to precisely define the role of these two methods of measuring body composition in patients with IBD. Background (IBD status Objective ultrasonography Methods Singlecenter Single center crosssectional cross sectional Results 10 included 7 Crohns Crohn s 2 56 654 65 4 65.4 levels P=0.63. P063 P P=0.63 . 0 63 (P=0.63) BlandAltman P=0.001, P0001 P=0.001 , 001 (P=0.001) CC 0.961 0961 961 P=0.000. P0000 P=0.000 000 P=0.000) Conclusion However course 1 5 6 65. P06 P=0.6 (P=0.63 P000 P=0.00 00 (P=0.001 0.96 096 96 P0 P=0. (P=0.6 P00 P=0.0 (P=0.00 0.9 09 9 P=0 (P=0. (P=0.0 0. P= (P=0 (P= (P

RESUMO Contexto: As doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII) estão associadas a alterações importantes no estado nutricional. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a composição da gordura corporal entre dois métodos antropométricos: dobras cutâneas e ultrassonografia, em pacientes com DII. Métodos: Estudo transversal de centro único com pacientes com DII em remissão ou doença ativa. Para a análise de concordância entre os métodos de avaliação da gordura corporal foi utilizado o método de Bland-Altman. Resultados: Foram incluídos 101 pacientes com DII, 75 com doença de Crohn e 26 com colite ulcerativa. Aproximadamente 56% dos pacientes com doença de Crohn e 65,4% daqueles com colite ulcerativa apresentaram composição de gordura corporal acima dos níveis normais, sem diferença significativa entre as doenças (P=0,63). A análise de concordância de Bland-Altman mostrou que os métodos de avaliação do percentual de gordura pelo adipômetro e ultrassonografia não foram totalmente concordantes (P=0,001), apesar de ambos apresentarem boa correlação (CC 0,961; P=0,000). Conclusão: A análise do percentual de gordura corporal em pacientes com DII foi diferente entre as dobras cutâneas e a ultrassonografia. Ambos os métodos podem ser usados para avaliar o percentual de gordura corporal de pacientes com DII. Entretanto, o monitoramento da gordura corporal de forma sequencial e longitudinal deve ser sempre realizado utilizando o mesmo método durante todo o curso da doença. Estudos longitudinais prospectivos são necessários para definir com precisão o papel desses dois métodos de medição da composição corporal em pacientes com DII. Contexto (DII nutricional Objetivo antropométricos Métodos ativa BlandAltman. BlandAltman Bland Altman. Altman Resultados 10 7 2 56 654 65 4 65,4 normais P=0,63. P063 P P=0,63 . 0 63 (P=0,63) P=0,001, P0001 P=0,001 , 001 (P=0,001) CC 0,961 0961 961 P=0,000. P0000 P=0,000 000 P=0,000) Conclusão Entretanto 1 5 6 65, P06 P=0,6 (P=0,63 P000 P=0,00 00 (P=0,001 0,96 096 96 P0 P=0, (P=0,6 P00 P=0,0 (P=0,00 0,9 09 9 P=0 (P=0, (P=0,0 0, P= (P=0 (P= (P

Abstract Background Firefighters are regularly exposed to stress and have a high incidence of cardiovascular events. Investigating cardiovascular and autonomic reactivity to acute mental stress (AMS) and its association with adiposity may contribute to explaining the increased cardiovascular risk in these professionals. Objectives To evaluate cardiovascular and autonomic reactivity to AMS in firefighters while considering adiposity parameters. Methods This study recorded the blood pressure and heart rate (HR) of twenty-five firefighters (38±8 years) at rest, while performing the Stroop color-word test to induce AMS, and recovery. Cardiac autonomic modulation (HR variability), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS — sequential method), and adiposity (electrical bioimpedance) were assessed. One-way or two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test and multiple linear regression were performed. The significance level was P<0.05. Results The AMS increased mean arterial pressure (MAP — Δ16±13 mmHg) and HR (Δ14±7 bpm) ( P <0.05). These responses were associated with parasympathetic modulation withdrawal (RMSSD: baseline: 29.8±18 vs. AMS: 21.5±14 ms; High-frequency: baseline: 5.2±1.4 vs. AMS: 4.5±1.3 Ln ms 2 ; P <0.05) and decreased in the Up gain of the baroreflex (baseline: 8.9±5.1 vs. AMS: 6.3±3.0 mmHg/ms; P <0.05). Groups divided by HR reactivity peak showed parasympathetic modulation withdrawal only in firefighters with lower adiposity (RMSSD: baseline: 27.8±17.6 vs. AMS: 14.4±9.2 ms; High-Frequency: baseline: 5.3±1.2 vs. AMS: 3.8±1.4 Ln ms 2 ; P <0.05). Fat percentage (β = -0.499), BRS (β = 0.486), and sympathetic/parasympathetic balance (β = -0.351) were predictors of HR reactivity ( P <0.05). Conclusion Our results demonstrated that HR reactivity to AMS modulated by cardiac vagal withdrawal seems to be influenced by body composition in this group of firefighters. events (AMS professionals parameters twentyfive twenty five 38±8 388 38 8 (38± years rest colorword color word recovery variability, variability , variability) method, method method) electrical bioimpedance assessed Oneway One way twoway two Tukeys Tukey s performed P005 0 05 P<0.05 MAP Δ1613 Δ Δ16 13 Δ16±1 mmHg Δ14±7 Δ147 Δ14 7 (Δ14± bpm <0.05. 005 <0.05 . RMSSD (RMSSD baseline 29818 29 18 29.8±1 vs 21514 21 5 14 21.5±1 Highfrequency High frequency High-frequency 5214 1 4 5.2±1. 4513 3 4.5±1. (baseline 8951 9 8.9±5. 6330 6 6.3±3. mmHg/ms mmHgms 278176 27 17 27.8±17. 14492 14.4±9. HighFrequency Frequency High-Frequency 5312 5.3±1. 3814 3.8±1. β 0.499, 0499 0.499 499 -0.499) 0.486, 0486 0.486 486 0.486) sympatheticparasympathetic sympathetic 0.351 0351 351 -0.351 38± (38 P00 P<0.0 Δ161 Δ1 Δ16± Δ14± (Δ14 00 <0.0 2981 29.8± 2151 21.5± 521 5.2±1 451 4.5±1 895 8.9±5 633 6.3±3 27817 27.8±17 1449 14.4±9 531 5.3±1 381 3.8±1 049 0.49 49 -0.499 048 0.48 48 0.35 035 35 -0.35 (3 P0 P<0. (Δ1 <0. 298 29.8 215 21.5 52 5.2± 45 4.5± 89 8.9± 63 6.3± 2781 27.8±1 144 14.4± 53 5.3± 3.8± 04 0.4 -0.49 0.3 03 -0.3 P<0 (Δ <0 29. 21. 5.2 4.5 8.9 6.3 278 27.8± 14.4 5.3 3.8 0. -0.4 -0. P< < 5. 4. 8. 6. 27.8 14. 3. -0 27. -

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the effect of recombinant growth hormone (rGH) on body composition and metabolic profile of prepubertal short children born small for gestational age (SGA) before and after 18 months of treatment. Methods: It is a clinical, non-randomized, and paired study. Children born SGA, with birth weight and/or length <-2 standard deviations (SD) for gestational age and sex, prepubertal, born at full term, of both genders, with the indication for treatment with rGH were included. The intervention was performed with biosynthetic rGH at doses ranging from 0.03 to 0.05 mg/kg/day, administered subcutaneously, once a day at bedtime. Total lean mass (LM) and total fat mass (FM) were carried out using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and the metabolic profile was assessed for insulin, glycemia, IGF-1 levels and lipid profile. Results: Twelve patients (nine girls, 8.17±2.39 y) were evaluated; three patients dropped out of the study. There was an increase of LM adjusted for length (LMI) (p=0.008), LMI standard deviation score (SDS) adjusted for age and sex (p=0.007), and total LM (p<0.001). The percentage of body fat (BF%) and abdominal fat (AF) remained unaltered in relation to the beginning of treatment. Among the metabolic variables, blood glucose remained within normal levels, and there was a reduction in the number of participants with altered cholesterol (p=0.023). Conclusions: The effect of rGH treatment was higher on LM than in FM, with increased LM adjusted for length and standardized for age and sex. Glycemia remained within the normal limits, and there was a decreased number of children with total cholesterol above the recommended levels. Objective (rGH SGA (SGA 1 Methods clinical nonrandomized, nonrandomized non randomized, randomized non-randomized study andor or <2 2 < <- SD (SD term genders included 003 0 03 0.0 005 05 mgkgday mg kg mg/kg/day subcutaneously bedtime (LM FM (FM dualenergy dual energy Xray X ray DXA, DXA , (DXA) insulin glycemia IGF1 IGF IGF- Results nine girls 817239 8 17 39 8.17±2.3 y evaluated (LMI p=0.008, p0008 p p=0.008 008 (p=0.008) SDS (SDS p=0.007, p0007 p=0.007 007 (p=0.007) p<0.001. p0001 p<0.001 . 001 (p<0.001) BF% BF (BF% AF (AF variables p=0.023. p0023 p=0.023 023 (p=0.023) Conclusions limits 00 0. (DXA 81723 3 8.17±2. p000 p=0.00 (p=0.008 (p=0.007 p<0.00 (p<0.001 (BF p002 p=0.02 02 (p=0.023 8172 8.17±2 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 p<0.0 (p<0.00 (p=0.02 817 8.17± p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p<0. (p<0.0 81 8.17 p=0 (p=0. p<0 (p<0. 8.1 p= (p=0 p< (p<0 8. (p= (p< (p

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do hormônio de crescimento recombinante (rHC) na composição corporal e no perfil metabólico de crianças pré-púberes com baixa estatura, nascidas pequenas para a idade gestacional (PIG) antes e depois de 18 meses de tratamento. Métodos: Estudo clínico, não randomizado e pareado. Foram incluídas crianças nascidas PIG, com peso e/ou altura ao nascer <-2 desvios padrão (DP) para idade gestacional e sexo, pré-púberes, nascidas a termo, de ambos os sexos, com indicação de tratamento com rGH. A intervenção foi realizada com rGH biossintético com doses variando de 0,03 a 0,05 mg/kg/dia, administrado por via subcutânea, uma vez ao dia ao deitar-se. A massa magra total (LM) e a massa gorda total (MG) foram determinadas por meio de absorciometria de raios X de dupla energia (DXA), e o perfil metabólico foi avaliado com dosagens de insulina, glicemia, IGF-1 e perfil lipídico. Resultados: Doze pacientes (nove meninas, 8,17±2,39 anos) foram avaliados; três pacientes abandonaram o estudo. Houve aumento da LM ajustada para estatura (LMI) (p=0,008), LMI standard deviation scores (SDS) ajustada para idade e sexo (p=0,007) e LM total (p<0,001). O percentual de gordura corporal (GC%) e gordura abdominal (AF) permaneceu inalterado em relação ao início do tratamento. Entre as variáveis metabólicas, a glicemia manteve-se na normalidade, e houve redução do número de participantes com colesterol alterado (p=0,023). Conclusões: O efeito do tratamento com HCr foi maior na MM do que na MG, com o aumento da MM ajustada para altura e padronizada para idade e sexo. A glicemia permaneceu normal e houve redução do número de crianças com colesterol total acima do recomendado. Objetivo rHC (rHC prépúberes pré púberes PIG (PIG 1 Métodos clínico pareado eou ou <2 2 < <- DP (DP prépúberes, púberes, termo sexos 003 0 03 0,0 005 05 mgkgdia mg kg mg/kg/dia subcutânea deitarse. deitarse deitar se. se deitar-se (LM MG (MG DXA, DXA , (DXA) insulina IGF1 IGF IGF- lipídico Resultados nove meninas 817239 8 17 39 8,17±2,3 anos avaliados estudo (LMI p=0,008, p0008 p p=0,008 008 (p=0,008) SDS (SDS p=0,007 p0007 007 (p=0,007 p<0,001. p0001 p<0,001 . 001 (p<0,001) GC% GC (GC% AF (AF metabólicas mantevese manteve normalidade p=0,023. p0023 p=0,023 023 (p=0,023) Conclusões recomendado 00 0, (DXA 81723 3 8,17±2, p000 p=0,00 (p=0,008 (p=0,00 p<0,00 (p<0,001 (GC p002 p=0,02 02 (p=0,023 8172 8,17±2 p00 p=0,0 (p=0,0 p<0,0 (p<0,00 (p=0,02 817 8,17± p0 p=0, (p=0, p<0, (p<0,0 81 8,17 p=0 (p=0 p<0 (p<0, 8,1 p= (p= p< (p<0 8, (p (p<