Resumen: Con la reforma neoliberal del sistema previsional chileno en 1981, América Latina inauguró un proceso de transformación de los fondos de pensiones. Estos cambios económicos han generado una racionalidad política que ve a la vejez como carga social y conceptualiza a las personas mayores de forma similar a grupos de población con identidades subordinadas. Este artículo explora la contradicción entre el fracaso económico de estas reformas y su actual legitimidad política como modelo de gobernanza de los sistemas de pensiones, con el consecuente impacto en la comprensión del envejecimiento demográfico como causa del déficit fiscal de los Estados.

Abstract: With the neoliberal reform of the Chilean pension system in 1981, Latin America inaugurated a transformation of its pension funds. These economic changes have also generated a political rationality that sees old age as a social burden, assimilating the elderly to other subordinate identities. This article explores the contradiction between the economic failure of these reforms and their current political legitimacy as a model of governance of pension systems, a model that understands demographic ageing as a cause of the fiscal deficit of states.

Resumen: La importancia de la educación financiera y su relación con la población en edad de retiro, 65 y más años, que aumentará en los próximos años en México, es motivo para estudiar los posibles escenarios económicos a los que se enfrentará. El estudio exploratorio y comparativo tiene como primer objetivo evaluar la pensión por jubilación de dos casos de trabajadores de la Secretaría de Seguridad Pública del Estado de Veracruz (SSP), desglosando las percepciones que recibe como parte de la nómina, enfatizando la percepción denominada sueldo, ya que este será el monto mensual de una pensión por jubilación; y como segundo planear un retiro digno a través del producto financiero llamado Administradora de Fondos para el Retiro (AFORE). Se concluye que el optar por un producto AFORE tiene un impacto positivo para un retiro digno, de ahí la importancia de la educación financiera para tener conocimientos y planear y administrar el dinero.

Abstract: The importance of financial education and its relationship with the population of retirement age, 65 and over, which will increase in the coming years in Mexico, is a reason to study the possible economic scenarios that it will face. The first objective of the exploratory and comparative study is to evaluate the retirement pension of two cases of workers of the Secretariat of Public Security of the State of Veracruz (SSP), breaking down the perceptions received as part of the payroll, emphasizing the perception called salary, since this will be the monthly amount of a retirement pension; and secondly, plan a decent retirement through the financial product called Retirement Fund Administrator (AFORE). It is concluded that opting for an AFORE product has a positive impact on a dignified retirement, hence the importance of financial education to have knowledge and plan and manage money.

Abstract This study scrutinizes the use of supplementary pension plans (SPPs) in the executive compensation strategies of multinational and multi-Latin firms. The proposed analysis focuses on the internal and external factors that may influence the implementation of SPPs and their role in attracting, retaining, and motivating strategically valuable human capital in the form of executive managers. The analysis was based on in-depth interviews with a range of managers, representatives of multilateral institutions, researchers, and heads of pension funds and mandatory pension plans. Relevant complementary data was obtained from a variety or documentary sources. The paper offers valuable findings and implications for the design of compensation strategies of senior managers of multinational and multi-Latin firms. The study also has implications regarding the use of loyalty mechanisms aimed at developing competitive advantages to enhance business performance.

Resumen Esta investigación examina la utilización de los planes de pensiones complementarios (PPC) en las estrategias de retribución de los directivos de empresas multinacionales y multilatinas. El análisis propuesto se centra en los factores internos y externos que pueden influir tanto en su aplicación como en su impacto a la hora de atraer y retener este capital humano de valor estratégico. El proceso de análisis utilizado se ha basado en entrevistas en profundidad con diversos directivos, representantes de instituciones multilaterales, investigadores y responsables de fondos de pensiones y de pensión obligatoria. Se obtuvieron datos complementarios relevantes de diversas fuentes documentales. Este trabajo aporta valiosas conclusiones e implicaciones para el diseño de las estrategias de retribución de los altos directivos de las empresas multinacionales y multilatinas. El estudio también tiene implicaciones en relación con el uso de mecanismos de fidelización destinados a desarrollar ventajas competitivas para mejorar los resultados empresariales.

RESUMEN La formación de los profesionales del derecho en los aspectos generales que forman parte de su posterior desempeño, constituye un elemento esencial dentro del proceso docente educativo. En este sentido entra como una de las temáticas a ser analizada, la atención a la mujer embarazada y su derecho a la pensión alimenticia en procesos de aumento de pensión alimenticia. Si bien es cierto la Constitución de la República del Ecuador y el Código de la Niñez y Adolescencia, dispone que reconocen el derecho de las mujeres embarazadas a recibir apoyo desde inicio de su embarazo hasta la lactancia, los profesionales en ejercicio del derecho reconocen este hecho como una problemática en el país y se identifica que el tema requiere de mayor análisis y profundización en la preparación que reciben los estudiantes de derecho durante su formación profesional.

ABSTRACT The training of legal professionals in the general aspects that are part of their subsequent performance constitutes an essential element within the educational teaching process of the career. In this sense, one of the topics to be analyzed is the care of pregnant women and their right to alimony in processes of increasing alimony. Although it is true that the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador and the Code of Children and Adolescents provide that they recognize the right of pregnant women to receive support from the beginning of their pregnancy to breastfeeding, professionals practicing law recognize this fact. as a problem in the country and it is identified that the issue requires greater analysis and depth in the preparation that law students receive during their professional training.

RESUMEN El artículo se centra en un exhaustivo análisis educativo de los casos de pensión alimenticia en Babahoyo, Ecuador, con el objetivo de promover la inclusividad en la Defensoría Pública. Utilizando un enfoque metodológico mixto, se combinan elementos cualitativos y cuantitativos para comprender la discriminación selectiva en el patrocinio legal, identificando desafíos, evaluando prácticas actuales y proponiendo estrategias educativas. La propuesta metodológica, denominada "Proyecto Inclusivo: fortalecimiento de conocimientos y prácticas en casos de pensión alimenticia en la defensoría pública de Babahoyo", busca fortalecer conocimientos y prácticas, implicando capacitación profesional, participación comunitaria, colaboración interinstitucional y monitoreo continuo. Además, se plantea una estrategia educativa integral que incluye talleres, campañas de concientización y participación activa de la comunidad. El proyecto se presenta como una respuesta comprometida para eliminar barreras, mejorar la representación legal y garantizar la igualdad de acceso a la justicia.

ABSTRACT The article focuses on a comprehensive educational analysis of alimony cases in Babahoyo, Ecuador, aiming to promote inclusivity in the Public Defender's Office. Using a mixed-methodological approach, qualitative and quantitative elements are combined to understand selective discrimination in legal representation, identifying challenges, evaluating current practices, and proposing educational strategies. The methodological proposal, named "Inclusive Project: Strengthening Knowledge and Practices in Alimony Cases at the Public Defender's Office in Babahoyo," seeks to enhance knowledge and practices, involving professional training, community participation, inter-institutional collaboration, and continuous monitoring. Furthermore, a comprehensive educational strategy is outlined, including workshops, awareness campaigns, and active community involvement. The project is presented as a committed response to eliminate barriers, improve legal representation, and ensure equal access to justice.

RESUMEN Las personas adultas mayores gozan de derechos fundamentales que requieren la tutela especial del Estado. Es imperativo que el Estado asegure el respeto de sus derechos más básicos. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los pronunciamientos de la Corte Constitucional de Ecuador sobre violaciones de derechos de adultos mayores en 2021 y 2022, preservando el derecho constitucional establecido en la Carta Magna y leyes correspondientes. Para este propósito, se realiza una investigación cuantitativa de tipo documental, utilizando una metodología analítica en el análisis detallado de casos. Los datos analizados confirman que la Corte, a través de fallos y encuestas, ha procurado garantizar el ejercicio de derechos constitucionales de adultos mayores, destacando su atención en aspectos como seguridad social, inembargabilidad de pensiones, salud, vivienda digna y servicios de calidad.

ABSTRACT Older adults enjoy fundamental rights that require special protection from the State. It is imperative that the State ensure respect for their most basic rights. The objective of this study is to analyze the pronouncements of the Constitutional Court of Ecuador on violations of the rights of older adults in 2021 and 2022, preserving the constitutional right established in the Magna Carta and corresponding laws. For this purpose, a documentary-type quantitative research is carried out, using an analytical methodology in the detailed analysis of cases. The data analyzed confirms that the Court, through rulings and surveys, has sought to guarantee the exercise of constitutional rights of older adults, highlighting its attention to aspects such as social security, pension ineligibility, health, decent housing and quality services.

ABSTRACT In order to know the time and frequency with which elderly are exposed to news and information about COVID-19 through different media and relate them with depressive and anxiety symptoms, 154 elderly (M = 69.06) from Distrito Federal answered an online questionnaire. The sample was composed mostly of women, white, educated, and with income from retirement and/or pension. It was found that television was the media most used by participants, followed by social networks. Considering demographic characteristics, younger elders (60 to 74 years old) and with complete college education had more exposure to news through social networks than the older ones and with less education. Elderly with screening for depression and generalized anxiety disorder remained exposed more hours to information about COVID-19 broadcast on television than unscreened elderly. In addition, those with screening for depression reported greater frequency of exposure to this content on television and social media. The results of this study reveal the need for health promotion and prevention measures planning specific to the elderly population to deal with the consequences of the pandemic and especially infodemic of COVID-19.

RESUMEN Para conocer el tiempo y la frecuencia con que los ancianos están expuestos a noticias e informaciones sobre el COVID-19 por diferentes medios de comunicación y relacionarlos con los síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad, 154 ancianos (m = 69,06) del Distrito Federal respondieron a un cuestionario online. La muestra estaba compuesta mayoritariamente por mujeres, de raza blanca, con estudios y con ingresos por jubilación y/o pensión. Se comprobó que la televisión era el medio de comunicación más utilizado por los participantes, seguido de las redes sociales. Teniendo en cuenta las características demográficas, los más jóvenes (60 a 74 años) y con estudios superiores completos presentan una mayor exposición a las noticias a través de las redes sociales que los más mayores y con menor escolaridad. Los ancianos con cribado de depresión y trastorno de ansiedad generalizada permanecieron más horas expuestos a la información sobre COVID-19 emitida por televisión que los ancianos no cribados. Además, los que se sometieron a pruebas de detección de la depresión informaron de una mayor frecuencia de exposición a este contenido por parte de la televisión y los medios sociales. Los resultados de este estudio revelan la necesidad de planificar medidas de promoción de la salud y de prevención específicas para la población de edad avanzada con el fin de hacer frente a las consecuencias de la pandemia y, especialmente, de la infodemia de COVID-19.

RESUMO A fim de conhecer o tempo e a frequência com que idosos se expõem a notícias e informações sobre a COVID-19 por diferentes mídias e relacioná-los com sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade, 154 idosos (M = 69,06) do Distrito Federal responderam a um questionário online. A amostra foi composta majoritariamente por mulheres, brancas, escolarizadas e com renda proveniente de aposentadoria e/ou pensão. Constatou-se que a televisão foi o meio de comunicação mais utilizado pelos participantes, seguido pelas redes sociais. Ao considerar características demográficas, idosos mais jovens (60 a 74 anos) e com ensino superior completo apresentaram maior exposição a notícias por meio das redes sociais do que os mais velhos e com menor escolaridade. Idosos com rastreio para depressão e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada permaneceram mais horas expostos a informações sobre a COVID-19 veiculadas pela televisão que idosos não rastreados. Além disso, aqueles com rastreio para depressão relataram maior frequência de exposição a esse conteúdo pela televisão e pelas redes sociais. Os resultados deste estudo revelam a necessidade de planejamento de medidas de promoção e prevenção em saúde específicas para a população idosa a fim de lidar com as consequências da pandemia e, especialmente, infodemia de COVID-19.

Abstract Income policies are fundamental in times of social exclusion and socioeconomic difficulties. In this context, this study evaluates the influence of public income policies, in particular social security and pension, conditional transfer and unemployment assistance, on development conditions, income equality and poverty, in addition to the role of tax systems on these. The literature review addresses citizenship, the welfare state, income and tax policies, development, inequality and poverty, as well as the results of income policy action. In methodological terms, this is a quantitative study that uses panel data, involving 43 OECD countries and the years 2000 to 2019. Operationally, exploratory data analyzes and System GMM regressions are carried out. The results indicate public income policies mainly as mitigating income concentration and promoting child health and citizenship conditions, walking as a social investment for development. difficulties context pension assistance conditions poverty these state action terms 4 200 2019 Operationally out 20 201 2

Resumo As políticas de renda são fundamentais em tempos de complexidades sociais e dificuldades socioeconômicas. Nesse contexto, este estudo avalia a influência das políticas públicas de renda, em particular previdência e pensão, transferência condicionada e auxílio-desemprego, sobre condições de desenvolvimento, igualdade de renda e pobreza, além do papel de sistemas fiscais sobre elas. Na revisão de literatura, abordam-se cidadania, Estado de bem-estar social, políticas de renda e fiscais, desenvolvimento, desigualdade e pobreza, assim como resultados da ação das políticas renda. Em termos metodológicos, este é um estudo quantitativo que se utiliza de dados em painel, envolvendo 43 países da OCDE e os anos de 2000 a 2019. Operacionalmente, realizam-se análises exploratórias de dados e regressões pelo método System GMM. Os resultados indicam as políticas públicas de renda principalmente como mitigadoras de concentração de renda e promotoras de condições de saúde infantil e cidadania, caminhando como investimento social para o desenvolvimento. socioeconômicas contexto pensão auxíliodesemprego, auxíliodesemprego auxílio desemprego, desemprego auxílio-desemprego desenvolvimento pobreza elas literatura abordamse abordam cidadania bemestar bem estar metodológicos painel 4 200 2019 Operacionalmente realizamse realizam GMM 20 201 2

Resumo: O presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar as consequências da criação Fundação de Previdência Complementar do Serviço Público Federal (FUNPRESP) desde a Lei nº 12.618/2012 e as modificações com a EC nº 103/2019 (contrarreforma da previdência social) aos servidores(as) públicos do executivo federal. Tais medidas impulsionaram a lógica de privatização da previdência social dos(as) servidores(as) públicos. Com base em informações dos investimentos financeiros das contribuições dos(as) trabalhadores(as) do executivo federal, os recursos do Estado e os atos normativos implementados, esse texto demonstra os riscos, inseguranças de um sistema de previdência social com regime de capitalização individual. Conclui-se que o estabelecimento da FUNPRESP expressa mais uma medida com a perspectiva de privatização da previdência social no Brasil, retirada de direitos dos(as) trabalhadores(as) e, sobretudo, demonstra os interesses do Estado e do capital financeiro de expropriação do fundo público como estratégia do capitalismo em profunda crise. Resumo (FUNPRESP 126182012 12 618 2012 12.618/201 1032019 103 2019 103/201 contrarreforma servidoresas servidores servidores(as federal dosas dos(as trabalhadoresas trabalhadores trabalhadores(as implementados riscos individual Concluise Conclui se Brasil sobretudo crise 12618201 1 61 201 12.618/20 103201 10 103/20 1261820 6 20 12.618/2 10320 103/2 126182 2 12.618/ 1032 103/ 12618 12.618 1261 12.61 126 12.6 12.

Abstract: This article aims to investigate the consequences of the creation of the Federal Public Service Complementary Pension Foundation (FUNPRESP) since Law nº 12.618/2012 and the modifications with EC nº 103/2019 federal executive servants. Such measures boosted the logic of privatizing social security for public servants. Based on information on the financial Investments of contribution from federal executive Workers, State resources and the normative acts implemented, this text will demonstrate the risks and insecurities of a social security system with an individual capitalization regime. It is therefore concluded that the establishment of FUNPRESP expresses yet another measure with the prospect of privatizing social security in Brazil, removing the rights of Workers and demonstrating the interests of the State and the financial capital of expropriation of public funds as a strategy for capitalism in deep crisis. Abstract (FUNPRESP 126182012 12 618 2012 12.618/201 1032019 103 2019 103/201 servants implemented regime Brazil crisis 12618201 1 61 201 12.618/20 103201 10 103/20 1261820 6 20 12.618/2 10320 103/2 126182 2 12.618/ 1032 103/ 12618 12.618 1261 12.61 126 12.6 12.

Resumo O objetivo foi investigar os fatores da situação financeira das patrocinadoras que podem ser associados à decisão na alocação dos ativos dos planos de benefício definido das entidades fechadas de previdência complementar brasileiras no período anual de 2013 a 2019. Pesquisas anteriores têm estudado a situação financeira da patrocinadora e a alocação de recursos por tipo de segmento, existindo lacuna em relação à composição do portfólio em planos previdenciários em que não há adesão obrigatória a um seguro. A relevância desta pesquisa está em identificar os fatores da situação financeira da patrocinadora que podem estar associados à decisão na alocação de recursos a fim de entender o que compromete o pagamento de benefícios no futuro. Esta pesquisa contribui com as discussões sobre a relação entre o portfólio dos planos previdenciários e a situação financeira da patrocinadora; e, de forma indireta, com o debate de temas ligados a retirada de patrocínio, migração entre planos da modalidade de benefício definido para contribuição definida e contratação de seguros para cobertura do pagamento de benefícios futuros. Foram analisados 134 planos de benefícios, e suas respectivas patrocinadoras, durante o período de sete anos. A alocação foi dividida em categorias de decisão de acordo com a composição das carteiras, e foi utilizada a técnica estatística de regressão logística multinomial para análise dos dados. Os resultados encontrados mostram que o nível de financiamento, o grau de solvência, o tamanho da empresa e a alavancagem financeira, além de fatores como rentabilidade passada, maturidade financeira e solvência atuarial, são aspectos sobre a situação financeira da patrocinadora que podem influenciar a decisão na alocação e contribuem com o avanço das pesquisas sobre a relação entre a composição do portfólio dos fundos de pensão e a situação financeira da patrocinadora. 201 2019 segmento seguro futuro indireta patrocínio futuros 13 anos carteiras dados financiamento passada atuarial 20 1 2

Abstract The objective was to investigate the factors related to the financial situation of sponsors that can be associated with the decision to allocate the assets of the defined benefit plans of Brazilian closed supplementary pension entities in the annual period from 2013 to 2019. Previous research has studied the sponsor's financial situation and the allocation of resources by segment type, but there is a gap in relation to portfolio composition in pension plans where there is no compulsory adherence to insurance. The relevance of this research lies in identifying the factors related to the sponsor's financial situation that may be associated with the resources allocation decision in order to understand what may jeopardize the future payment of benefits. This research contributes to the discussion on the relationship between the portfolio of pension plans and the financial situation of the sponsor; and, indirectly, to the debate on issues related to withdrawal of sponsorship, migration between defined benefit and defined contribution plans, and the acquisition of insurance to cover the payment of future benefits. A total of 134 benefit plans and their respective sponsors were analyzed over a seven-year period. Allocation was divided into decision categories according to portfolio composition, and the statistical technique of multinomial logistic regression was used to analyze the data. The results show that the level of funding, the degree of solvency, the size of the company and financial leverage, as well as factors such as past profitability, financial maturity and actuarial solvency, are aspects of the sponsor's financial situation that may influence the allocation decision and contribute to the advancement of research on the relationship between pension fund portfolio composition and the sponsor's financial situation. 201 2019 sponsor s type benefits indirectly sponsorship 13 sevenyear seven year data funding solvency leverage profitability 20 1 2

ORIENTATION: The importance of corporate governance in a public pension fund. RESEARCH PURPOSE: Determining the disclosure of corporate governance principles in a South African public pension fund. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Media reports have reported on the mismanagement and governance concerns of a public pension fund, creating concern for public pension fund members where membership is mandatory. RESEARCH DESIGN, APPROACH AND METHOD: The article followed a qualitative approach and used a content analysis. The content was extracted from a public pension fund's 2017-2021 annual reports. The content was analysed using a corporate governance framework. MAIN FINDINGS: A sound theoretical checklist framework for corporate governance was established. The public pension fund annual reports were investigated against each principle. The research revealed that the fund fully disclosed the majority of the King IV principles with room for improvement. PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The study is significant in that it guides organisations with a checklist to review corporate governance. Furthermore, it offers pension fund members more clarity regarding the fund's management from the annual reports. CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: A framework was established based on the 17 principles of the King IV report to examine if corporate governance is disclosed in South African organisations' annual reports. Annual reports on their own may not be sufficient to review the fund's management, and further studies are recommended to evaluate financial statements and day-to-day operations.

BACKGROUND: Persons with disabilities are more likely to have poorer livelihood outcomes, including food insecurity. Inequalities are heightened for young women with disabilities, especially in times of crisis. OBJECTIVES: To understand the livelihood experience of young South African women with and without disabilities during the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). METHOD: We conducted a longitudinal study with 72 young women with and without disabilities enrolled in tertiary institutions in eThekwini, South Africa. We undertook a series of in-depth interviews collecting quantitative and qualitative data, prompting participants' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, including living arrangements, impact on education, access to resources and food security. RESULTS: Participants reported livelihood changes related to living arrangements, education, income, and social connectedness during the pandemic. Social grants (old-age pension, child support, disability grant) and student stipends were critical financial resources to ensure food security. Participants with disabilities were more likely to experience food insecurities and moderate hunger, with their households having less access to mitigating resources such as land or livestock. Deaf participants also reported social isolation. CONCLUSION: The study shows that social protection mechanisms mitigated the financial impact of the lockdown for all recipients but that participants with disabilities still struggled more than others to ensure food security. These additional challenges may be related to pre-existing inequalities, with participants with disabilities and their households having less access to natural resources and financial stability. CONTRIBUTION: This paper focuses on young women with and without disabilities and provides insight into the similarities and differences in their experiences.

Resumen En este trabajo se construyen índices anuales de programas sociales de México de 2012-2018 utilizando estadística multivariada, con el fin de identificar la relación de su eficiencia con el gasto público. Se consideraron las variables: eficiencia en cobertura, presupuesto aprobado, presupuesto ejercido y rigor de sus resultados obtenidos. Se encontró un bajo índice de eficiencia en cobertura anual en 2015 y un máximo en 2018. El índice de presupuesto aprobado anual no tuvo relevante aumento de 2014 a 2015, aun así mostró ser creciente a través de los años. El índice de presupuesto ejercido anual tuvo un notable descenso en 2018. Además, se encontró que aquellos programas que tienen mayor gasto en la muestra considerada -Seguro Popular y Pensión para Adultos Mayores- tuvieron resultados destacados, y los programas de Estancias Infantiles y Apoyo al Empleo que recibieron mucho menor presupuesto también tuvieron resultados destacados, es decir, fueron programas eficientes.

Abstract In this paper, annual indices of social programs in Mexico from 2012-2018 are constructed using multivariate statistics, to identify the relationship between their efficiency and public spending. The following variables were considered: efficiency in coverage, approved budget, exercised budget, and rigor of the obtained results. A low annual coverage efficiency index was found in 2015 and a maximum in 2018. The annual approved budget index did not have a relevant increase from 2014 to 2015, even so it showed to be increasing through the years. The annual exercised budget index had a notable decrease in 2018. In addition, it was found that those programs with higher spending in the sample considered Seguro Popular and Pensión para Adultos Mayores -Popular Insurance and Pension for Older Adults- had outstanding results, and the Estancias Infantiles and Apoyo al Empleo programs -Children’s Stays and Employment Support- that received much lower budget, had outstanding results, i.e., they were efficient programs.

Resumen Este trabajo pretende exponer, por medio de un análisis exploratorio de datos aplicado a la Encuesta Nacional de Jornaleros Agrícolas, las condiciones de empleo y contratación de los trabajadores campesinos. Esto nos permite señalar que las condiciones laborales de los campesinos se caracterizan por estar ocupados hasta los 36 años y trabajar hasta los 7 días de la semana por más de 10 horas diarias. Reconocemos que aun cuando las posibilidades de afiliación al IMSS son muy superiores a las de años atrás y, aunque los jornaleros agrícolas comienzan a trabajar a temprana edad, el panorama institucional siempre parece estar en contra de que tengan derecho a una jubilación digna. En esta investigación se identifican las debilidades del sistema de pensiones mexicano aplicado al caso de los trabajadores campesinos mexicanos.

Abstract This paper aims to expose, through an exploratory analysis of data applied to the National Survey of Agricultural Day Laborers, the conditions of employment and hiring of peasant workers. This allows us to point out that peasant Laboral conditions are characterized by being employed for up to 36 years and working up to 7 days a week for more than 10 hours a day. We recognize that even when the possibilities of joining the IMSS are much higher than those of years ago and, although agricultural day laborers begin to work at a young age, the institutional panorama always seems to be against them having the right to a decent retirement. In this research the weaknesses of the Mexican pension system applied to the case of Mexican peasant workers are identified.

Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by some degree of difficulty in social interaction and communication, which begins in the early development period, and is classified according to the degree of severity in grade 1, 2 and 3, as established in the DSM-5. Said Disorder is covered by Law 7125 of Life Pension for people with deep cerebral palsy, and its reform 8769. In order to analyze the criteria established for the assessment of these processes, the case of a 6-year-old male person with diagnosis of ASD, of whom a lawsuit was filed to be taken into account within said Law. In it and after the respective analysis, according to the data of the updated scientific literature, and the established criteria, it was possible to verify that if qualified as indicated in Law 7125.

Resumen El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA), es trastorno del neurodesarrollo que se caracteriza por algún grado de dificultad en la interacción social y la comunicación, que comienza en el periodo de desarrollo temprano, y se clasifica según el grado de severidad en grado 1, 2 y 3, según lo establecido en el DSM-5. Dicho Trastorno se encuentra abarcado por la Ley 7125 de Pensión Vitalicia para Personas con Parálisis Profunda, y su reforma 8769. Con el objetivo de analizar los criterios establecidos para la valoración de estos procesos, se presenta el caso de una persona masculina de 6 años con diagnóstico de TEA, de quien se interpuso demanda para ser tomado en cuenta dentro de dicha Ley. En el mismo y tras el análisis respectivo, de acuerdo con los datos de la literatura científica actualizada, y de los criterios establecidos, se pudo constatar que si calificaba según lo indicado en la Ley 7125.