Resumen. Muchos metazoos contienen moléculas capaces de fluorescencia, absorción y reemisión de luz. Dado que la distribución anatómica, o el patrón, de estas moléculas es variable entre taxones, los patrones de fluorescencia pueden servir como una poderosa herramienta diagnóstica en taxonomía y ecología. Sin embargo, los patrones de fluorescencia específicos de especie entre invertebrados marinos están poco comprendidos. Aquí, mostramos que los hidrozoos tienen diversos patrones de fluorescencia, que pueden ser el resultado de moléculas producidas intrínsecamente u obtenidas de fuentes dietéticas. Estudiamos hidrozoos, incluidos sifonóforos, hidromedusas e hidroides, en 5 órdenes de ambientes marinos pelágicos y bentónicos en Bocas del Toro, Panamá. Nuestros hallazgos muestran que los patrones de fluorescencia son muy prevalentes y pueden variar entre especies de hidrozoos y a lo largo del desarrollo. La mayoría de los taxa de hidrozoos examinados exhibieron alguna forma de fluorescencia, con variación observada entre las etapas de vida y las partes del cuerpo. Se documentó fluorescencia en el 88% de las hidromedusas (Leptothecata, Anthoathecata, Limnomedusae y Narcomedusae), el 50% de los hidroides y el 75% de los sifonóforos que se observaron en este estudio. Nuestros resultados ilustran cómo los patrones de fluorescencia pueden servir como una herramienta diagnóstica útil para explorar la biodiversidad marina, resaltando la necesidad de una mayor documentación de los patrones de fluorescencia en la diversidad marina y de investigar las moléculas que subyacen a este fenómeno.

Abstract. Many metazoans contain molecules capable of fluorescence, which is the absorption and re-emission of light. As the anatomical distribution, or patterning, of these molecules varies across taxa, fluorescence patterns may serve as a powerful diagnostic tool in taxonomy and ecology. However, species-specific fluorescence patterns in marine invertebrates are poorly understood. Here, we show that hydrozoans exhibit diverse fluorescence patterns, which may result from molecules that are produced intrinsically or obtained from dietary sources. We surveyed 5 orders of hydrozoans, including siphonophores, hydromedusae, and hydroids, from pelagic and benthic marine environments in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Our findings show that fluorescence patterns are highly prevalent and may vary across hydrozoan species throughout development. Most hydrozoan taxa exhibited some form of fluorescence, with variation observed among life stages and body parts. Fluorescence was documented in 88% of hydromedusae (Leptothecata, Anthoathecata, Limnomedusae, and Narcomedusae), 50% of hydroids, and 75% of siphonophores. Our results illustrate how fluorescence patterns can serve as a useful diagnostic tool to explore marine biodiversity, highlighting the need for further documentation of fluorescence patterns across marine taxa and research into the molecules that underlie this phenomenon.

Abstract Introduction: The pelagic sea snake Hydrophis platurus has the broadest distributional range of all the snakes and is the only sea snake of tropical waters off the west coast of the Americas. Within the variation in the color pattern of this species, completely yellow specimens were considered very rare or occasional. However, a yellow pattern dominates a population established in the interior of the Golfo Dulce in the Southern Pacific of Costa Rica. Objective: We studied the abundance, activity patterns, morphometry, and feeding behavior of the yellow H. platurus within the Golfo Dulce. Methods: Between February 2009 and July 2018, we conducted surveys for sea snakes from a boat within the perimeter of the Golfo Dulce. Results: Adults from the gulf population are smaller than the bicolor oceanic population, with females having larger bodies. Sea snakes within the gulf float and move with surface currents without being linked to drift lines and debris. These snakes are mainly found in clean, calm waters with little turbulence. They feed on a wide diversity of small fish, which they capture using passive stalking predatory behaviors floating on the surface. Prey are quickly captured and swallowed alive. This species has an almost total absence of predation, a pattern that extends to this yellow population. Conclusions: The characteristics of the gulf and the direction and strength of the surface currents at its entrance might restrict the transit of this yellow population to the outside and the entry of the bicolored snakes of the oceanic population. We do not consider making taxonomic changes in this Golfo Dulce population prudent. This yellow population is relatively common within the basin. However, the high tourist traffic and other activities are risk factors for its conservation. Protection policies must be created to preserve and protect this small population of yellow sea snakes unique within this species’ distribution range.

Resumen Introducción: La serpiente marina pelágica Hydrophis platurus tiene el rango de distribución más amplio de todas las serpientes y es la única serpiente marina de aguas tropicales del oeste de América. Dentro de la variación en el patrón de color de esta especie, los ejemplares completamente amarillos se consideraban muy raros u ocasionales. Sin embargo, los patrones amarillos dominan una población establecida en el interior del Golfo Dulce en el Pacífico sur de Costa Rica. Objetivo: Monitoreamos y estudiamos la abundancia, patrones de actividad, morfometría y comportamiento alimentario del H. platurus amarillo dentro del Golfo Dulce. Métodos: Entre febrero 2009 y julio 2018, realizamos búsquedas mensuales de serpientes marinas desde una embarcación dentro del perímetro del Golfo Dulce. Resultados: Los adultos de la población de golfo son más pequeños que la población oceánica bicolor, con las hembras de cuerpos más grandes. Las serpientes del Golfo Dulce flotan y se mueven con las corrientes superficiales sin asociarse con líneas de deriva y escombros. Las serpientes se encuentran principalmente en aguas limpias y tranquilas con poca turbulencia. La dieta se compone de una amplia diversidad de peces pequeños, que capturan con un comportamiento depredador de acecho pasivo, flotando en la superficie. La presa es rápidamente capturada y tragada viva. Esta especie tiene una ausencia casi total de depredación, patrón que se extiende a esta población amarilla. Conclusiones: Las características del golfo y la dirección y fuerza de las corrientes superficiales en su entrada podrían restringir el tránsito de esta población amarilla hacia el exterior y el ingreso de las serpientes bicolores de la población oceánica. No consideramos prudente realizar cambios taxonómicos en esta población. La población amarilla es relativamente abundante dentro de la cuenca. Sin embargo, el alto tráfico turístico y otras actividades son factores de riesgo para su conservación. Políticas de protección deben crearse para preservar y proteger esta pequeña población de serpientes marinas amarillas, única dentro del rango de distribución de esta especie.

ABSTRACT The feeding habits of the bonito Euthynnus alletteratus and the albacore Thunnus alalunga were assessed by analyzing the contents of 85 stomachs (50 from bonito and 35 from albacore) collected between March 2018 and April 2019. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the prey found in the stomach contents was conducted, as well as of the trophic spectrum between species and climatic seasons. Climatic information was obtained through satellite images, analyzing variables such as sea surface temperature, salinity, and winds. In terms of abundance, the most representative prey were the fish Sardinella aurita (42.48 %) and Teleostei remains (27.45 %) for E. alletteratus, and Megalopa larvae (56.89 %) and Teleostei remains (10.26 %) for T. alalunga. The relative importance index indicates that the main prey for E. alletteratus were Teleostei remains (IRI = 1460.65) and Sardinella aurita (IRI = 1179.70), while, for T. alalunga they were megalopa larvae (IRI = 1367.19) and Teleostei remains (IRI = 840.94). These large pelagic predators were classified as generalists, with a low prey diversity in their stomach content. No trophic overlap was observed between the two species.

RESUMEN Se evaluaron los hábitos alimentarios del bonito Euthynnus alletteratus y la albacora Thunnus alalunga a partir del análisis de los contenidos de 85 estómagos (50 de bonito y 35 de albacora) recolectados entre marzo de 2018 y abril de 2019. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de las presas encontradas en dichos estómagos, así como del espectro trófico entre especies y temporadas climáticas. La información climática se obtuvo a través de imágenes satelitales, analizando variables como la temperatura superficial del mar, la salinidad y los vientos. En términos de abundancia, las presas más representativas fueron el pez Sardinella aurita (42.48 %) y restos de Teleostei (27.45 %) para E. alletteratus, y larvas megalopa (56.89 %) y restos de Teleostei (10.26 %) para T. alalunga. El índice de importancia relativa indica, como presas principales, a restos de Teleostei (IRI = 1460.65) y Sardinella aurita (IRI = 1179.70) para E. alletteratus, y a larvas megalopa (IRI = 1367.19) y restos de Teleostei (IRI = 840.94) para T. alalunga. Estos grandes depredadores pelágicos fueron catalogados como generalistas, con baja diversidad de presas en el contenido estomacal, y no se observó solapamiento trófico entre las dos especies.

ABSTRACT This paper reports the presence of the common dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus, in Argentinian waters for the first time, with a specimen collected by experienced sport fishermen near Mar del Plata (38°S). This finding also represents the first record of a species from the Coryphaenidae family in Argentinian waters. The collection of these specimens coincided with sightings of other rarely-seen pelagic and oceanic fish species during the same period, providing further evidence supporting the influx of subtropical fish species from warmer Brazilian waters. These observations highlight the need for continued monitoring of fish populations and their distribution and the ecological dynamics within the region.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: En las aguas costeras del norte de la península de Yucatán, en el sureste del Golfo de México, numerosos florecimientos pelágicos de microalgas se han registrado en el siglo 21. En agosto de 2010, una especie pequeña y desconocida de Peridiniales causó un florecimiento intenso en el puerto de abrigo de Sisal. En los años siguientes, se encontró ocasionalmente en otros sitios a lo largo de la costa de Yucatán. Objetivo: Nombrar a este dinoflagelado como una especie nueva para la ciencia y determinar sus preferencias ecológicas. Métodos: Los florecimientos de fitoplancton fueron monitoreados desde agosto de 2011 hasta septiembre de 2014. Las células se examinaron en un microscopio electrónico de barrido JEOL JSM-7600F. Sus preferencias ecológicas se evaluaron mediante análisis permutacional multivariante y modelos aditivos generalizados (GAM). Resultados: El nombre Durinskia yucatanensis (Dinophyceae: Peridiniales), cuya fórmula de placa tecal Po X 4’ 2a 6” 5c 4s(?) 5”’ 2””, se propone para una especie de Kryptoperidiniaceae previamente registrada de las aguas costeras del norte de Yucatán. El nitrógeno inorgánico disuelto se correlacionó positivamente con la abundancia de células, tanto para la costa expuesta como para los puertos deportivos, especialmente en julio-agosto, caracterizados por una alta temperatura del agua (31-32 °C). La clorofila-a fue el único parámetro que presentó variabilidad espacio-temporal significativa entre años, meses y sitios de muestreo. Los GAM demostraron que la temperatura y la salinidad pueden predecir cambios en la abundancia en diferentes zonas de estudio (costa expuesta y puertos deportivos). Los valores más altos se observaron en el área de Progreso-Chicxulub a lo largo de la costa expuesta en 2011 y solo en Dzilam en marinas durante todos los años estudiados. Conclusiones: La especie parece preferir las condiciones eutróficas típicas de los puertos deportivos a lo largo de la costa norte de Yucatán.

ABSTRACT Background: In the coastal waters of the northern Yucatan Peninsula, in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico, numerous pelagic algal blooms have been recorded in the 21st century. In August 2010, an unknown small-sized Peridiniales species caused an intense bloom in the Sisal marina. In subsequent years, it was occasionally found at other sites along the Yucatan coast. Goals: The main objective of the present study was to name this dinoflagellate as a new species and determine its ecological preferences. Methods: Phytoplankton blooms were monitored from August 2011 to September 2014. Fixed cells of the studied species were examined in a JEOL JSM-7600F scanning electron microscope. Its ecological preferences were evaluated using multivariate permutational analysis and generalized additive models (GAM). Results: The name Durinskia yucatanensis (Dinophyceae: Peridiniales) with the thecal plate formula Po X 4’ 2a 6” 5c 4s(?) 5”’ 2”” is proposed for a previously recorded Kryptoperidiniaceae species from the northern Yucatan coastal waters. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen positively correlated with cell abundances for both the exposed coast and marinas, especially in July-August, characterized by high water temperature (31-32 °C). Chlorophyll-a was the only parameter that presented significant spatio-temporal variability among years, months, and sampling sites. The GAM showed that temperature and salinity can predict changes in abundance in different study zones (exposed coast and marinas). The highest values were observed in the Progreso-Chicxulub area along the exposed coast in 2011 and only at Dzilam in marinas during all studied years. Conclusions: The species appears to prefer eutrophic conditions typical for marinas along the northern coast of Yucatan.

Abstract Introduction: Echinoderms are dominant in terms of abundance and diversity; particularly asteroids play an important role in Antarctic benthic communities. Objective: The aim of the present work was to review the bathymetric distribution, specific composition, occurrence and species richness of asteroid species inhabiting South Orkney, South Shetland and Palmer Archipelago, located in the Antarctic Peninsula. Aspects of the developmental patterns of the species found are also included. Methods: We used data acquired during the 2012 and 2013 Antarctic Summer Campaigns aboard the Oceanographic Vessel “Puerto Deseado”. Sampling stations were located in three archipelagos located in the Antarctic Peninsula: South Orkney (SO), South Shetland (SS) and Palmer Archipelago (PA). A total of 28 fishing hauls were made and 436 individuals were photographed and processed. The maximum radius (mm) of each individual, the macroscopic characteristics of the gonads and the presence of embryos were registered. A review of the taxonomic status, bathymetric and geographical distribution area of the sampled species was carried out based on bibliographic records and databases. A hierarchical grouping was used to analyze species composition among the different areas. Results: Asteroids were obtained in all sampling stations (occurrence: 100 %) between 52.7 and 987 m depth. 21 species were recorded, the bathymetric distribution was not broadened in any of them, and the geographical distribution area of six species was expanded. Species richness was equal in SS and PA and higher than in SO, coinciding with the presence of two regional groups with a similar faunal composition. Seventy-two percent of the recorded species present pelagic development (planktotrophic larvae = 17 %, and lecithotrophic larvae = 55 %) and 28 % non-pelagic development (retained larvae = 17 %, and direct development = 11 %). Conclusions: In the three archipelagos, the majority development pattern was pelagic with lecithotrophic nutrition. All the species found in this study are shared with the sub-Antarctic region, highlighting the importance of the Malvinas Current in the dispersal of species from Antarctica.

Resumen Introducción: Los equinodermos son dominantes en términos de abundancia y diversidad; particularmente los asteroideos presentan un importante rol en las comunidades bentónicas antárticas. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue revisar la distribución batimétrica, composición específica, ocurrencia y riqueza de especies de asteroideos que habitan en los archipiélagos Orcadas del Sur, Shetland del Sur y Archipiélago de Palmer, ubicados en la Península Antártica. A su vez, detallar aspectos de los patrones de desarrollo de las especies halladas. Métodos: Utilizamos la información adquirida durante Campañas Antárticas de Verano 2012 y 2013, a bordo del Buque Oceanográfico “Puerto Deseado”. Las estaciones de muestreo se ubicaron en tres archipiélagos localizados en la Península Antártica: Orcadas del Sur (OS), Shetland del Sur (SS) y Archipiélago de Palmer (AP). Se realizaron 28 lances de pesca y se fotografiaron y procesaron 436 individuos. Se determinó el radio mayor (mm) de cada individuo, las características macroscópicas de las gónadas y la presencia de embriones. Se realizó una revisión del estatus taxonómico y de la distribución batimétrica y del área de distribución geográfica de las especies muestreadas basándonos en registros bibliográficos y bases de datos. Se utilizó una agrupación jerárquica para analizar la composición de las especies entre las diferentes áreas. Resultados: En todas las estaciones de muestreo se obtuvieron asteroideos (ocurrencia: 100 %) entre 52.7 y 987 metros de profundidad. Se registraron 21 especies, de las cuales no se modificó la distribución batimétrica de ninguna de ellas, pero se amplió el área de distribución geográfica de seis. La riqueza de especies fue igual en SS y AP, y mayor que en OS, coincidiendo con la presencia de dos grupos regionales con una composición faunística similar. El 72 % de las especies registradas presentan desarrollo pelágico (larva planctotrófica = 17 % y larva lecitotrófica = 55 %) y el 28 % desarrollo no pelágico (larva retenida = 17 % y desarrollo directo = 11 %). Conclusiones: En los tres archipiélagos el patrón de desarrollo mayoritario fue el pelágico con nutrición lecitotrófica. La totalidad de las especies halladas en el presente trabajo son compartidas con la región subantártica, destacándose la importancia de la Corriente de Malvinas en la dispersión de las especies desde Antártida.

Abstract The exploited mangrove crab Ucides cordatus, an important ecosystem engineer in South American mangroves, has a biphasic lifecycle with pelagic larvae developing offshore. Megalopae return to the mangrove forest to settle, i.e., metamorphose into benthic juveniles but its environmental drivers remain poorly understood. We postulate that conspecific crabs facilitate recruitment. In the field, we investigated whether the number of recruits is higher near conspecific burrows than in areas without conspecific bioturbation. Recruit sampling was conducted monthly from April 2008 to May 2009 along an environmental gradient. First, U. cordatus recruits of that year emerged from March to July. Intraspecific facilitation was indicated by significantly higher recruit numbers in bioturbated than in non-bioturbated substrates. Recruits were most abundant in zones with intermediate conditions of inundation, leaf litter standing stock, sediment consistency, luminosity, temperature, salinity, and pH. Avoidance of more inundated zones likely reduces predation by fishes and of less inundated zones helps individuals escape more stressful, drier environmental conditions. The observed habitat-specific recruitment pattern must be considered when designing field assessments of the population structure of U. cordatus (which should include sampling recruits) and enhancing stocks by releasing laboratory-cultivated larvae and first juveniles into the wild. mangroves offshore settle ie i e i.e. understood bioturbation 200 gradient First U July nonbioturbated non substrates inundation stock consistency luminosity temperature salinity pH stressful habitatspecific habitat specific which laboratorycultivated laboratory cultivated wild i.e 20 2

Resumo O trabalho de pesquisa foi projetado para investigar a densidade e diversidade de rotíferos pelágicos em um lago perto de Marala Headworks. Foram avaliados os parâmetros físico-químicos da água como pH, oxigênio dissolvido, temperatura, condutividade elétrica, transparência e turbidez. A correlação entre rotíferos e esses parâmetros também foi estudada. A amostragem do plâncton foi realizada mensalmente para verificar a densidade populacional dos rotíferos. No total, foram identificadas 18 espécies de rotíferos pertencentes a 11 gêneros. O maior número de rotíferos e sua diversidade foi demonstrado pelos gêneros Brachionus, Keratella e Filinia. O Brachionus calyciflorus foi a espécie dominante em todas as amostras, com densidade populacional média (41%). A análise de variância dos parâmetros físico-químicos mostrou que a temperatura do ar e da água, condutividade elétrica, transparência, oxigênio dissolvido e saturação de oxigênio foram estatisticamente significantes em todos os meses. Enquanto o pH foi estatisticamente não significativo (p≥0,05), a correlação de Pearson mostrou que o oxigênio e a transparência foram negativamente correlacionados com a densidade e diversidade dos rotíferos. A temperatura do ar e da água, a concentração de íons de hidrogênio (pH), a condutividade elétrica e a salinidade mostraram relação positiva com a densidade e diversidade de rotíferos.

Abstract Research work was designed to investigate the density and diversity of pelagic rotifers in a Lake near Marala Headworks. The physico-chemical parameters of water such as pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, electrical conductivity, transparency and turbidity were evaluated. Correlation between rotifers and these parameters was also studied. Plankton sampling was done on monthly basis in order to check the population density of rotifers. In total, 18 species of rotifers were identified which belonged to 11 genera. The highest number of rotifers and their diversity was shown by genera namely Brachionus, Keratella, and Filinia. The Brachionus calyciflorus was dominant species in all the samples with mean population density (41%). Analysis of variance of physico-chemical parameters presented that the air and water temperature, electrical conductivity, transparency, dissolved oxygen and oxygen saturation were statistically significant in all the months. While pH was statistically non-significant (p≥0.05. Pearson correlation showed that oxygen and transparency were negatively correlated with rotifers density and diversity. Air and water temperature, concentration of hydrogen ions (pH), electrical conductivity and salinity showed positive relationship with density and diversity of rotifers.

Resumo Padrões cromossômicos são ferramentas valiosas em abordagens evolutivas. Apesar da notável expansão dos dados citogenéticos dos peixes, eles ainda são altamente deficientes para as espécies de águas oceânicas profundas, incluindo os membros da família Gempylidae. Espécies desta família são comercialmente importantes, compostas por predadores meso e bentopelágicos, cujas informações disponíveis sobre seu estilo de vida e padrões genéticos são muito limitadas. Este estudo apresenta os primeiros dados cromossômicos de duas espécies circumglobais desta família, Ruvettus pretiosus e Promethichthys prometheus, do Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo. Foram utilizadas análises convencionais, coloração cromossômica com fluorocromos base-específicos e hibridização in situ por fluorescência (FISH) para o mapeamento de diferentes classes de DNA repetitivos. Ambas as espécies possuem 2n = 48 cromossomos, mas diferem significativamente quanto à fórmula cariotípica (FN = 50 e FN = 84). Os sítios 18S DNAr/Ag-RON e 5S DNAr têm um arranjo bi-telomérico sintênico em R. pretiosus, mas uma distribuição independente em P. prometheus. Os elementos transponíveis têm dispersão semelhante em ambas as espécies, enquanto os microssatélites estão agrupados nas regiões centroméricas e terminais de alguns cromossomos. Vale ressaltar que apesar da conservação do 2n basal dos Percomorpha, uma acentuada diversificação macro e microestrutural, mediada principalmente por inversões pericêntricas, diferencia os cariótipos das espécies, apontando para uma trajetória cromossômica particular dos gempilídeos entre os peixes marinhos. evolutivas profundas Gempylidae importantes bentopelágicos limitadas prometheus Paulo convencionais baseespecíficos base específicos FISH (FISH repetitivos n 4 cromossomos 5 84. 84 . 84) S DNAr/AgRON DNArAgRON DNAr/Ag RON Ag bitelomérico bi telomérico R P Percomorpha microestrutural pericêntricas marinhos 8 AgRON DNArAg

Abstract Chromosomal patterns are valuable tools in evolutionary approaches. Despite the remarkable expansion of fish cytogenetic data, they are still highly deficient concerning deep oceanic species, including the Gempylidae snake mackerels. The snake mackerels are important commercial species composed by meso- and bento-pelagic predators with very limited information available about their lifestyle and genetics patterns. This study presents the first chromosomal data of two circumglobal species of this family, Ruvettus pretiosus and Promethichthys prometheus, from the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago. Conventional analyses, chromosomal staining with base-specific fluorochromes, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for mapping of repetitive DNA classes were used. Both species have 2n = 48 chromosomes, but they highly differ regarding the karyotype formula (FN = 50 and FN = 84). The 18S rDNA/Ag-NOR and the 5S rDNA sites have a syntenic bi-telomeric array in R. pretiosus, but an independent distribution in P. prometheus. The transposable elements are dispersed, while the microsatellites are also clustered in the centromeric and terminal regions of some chromosomes. It is noteworthy that despite the 2n conservation, a marked macro and microstructural diversifications, mainly mediated by pericentric inversions, differentiates the karyotypes of the species, pointing to a particular chromosomal trajectory of the gempylids among marine fish. approaches meso bentopelagic bento pelagic family prometheus Archipelago analyses basespecific base specific fluorochromes FISH (FISH used n 4 chromosomes 5 84. 84 . 84) S rDNA/AgNOR rDNAAgNOR rDNA/Ag NOR Ag bitelomeric bi telomeric R P dispersed conservation diversifications inversions 8 AgNOR rDNAAg

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the biogenic composition of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) in pelagic sediments in the Santos Basin over the past 140,000 years. The content and composition of CaCO 3 in different sediment fractions were evaluated, including the bulk sample, coarse fraction (foraminifera), medium fraction (juvenile foraminifera and fragments), and fine fraction (nannofossils), to determine the contribution of each fraction to the carbonated sediment composition. We found that variations in CaCO 3 levels were closely linked to glacial and interglacial periods, with higher values during interglacial periods and lower values during glacial periods. The main factor controlling the variation in CaCO 3 was dissolution, which was mainly linked to the influx of more corrosive southern water masses. Fluctuations in CaCO 3 levels were influenced by variations in productivity and dilution caused by terrigenous sediments. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that both processes held a relatively minor impact compared to dissolution. Productivity primarily contributed to increased dissolution rates. During periods of low sea levels, dilution by terrigenous sediments became significant (similarly, the influence of the La Plata River plume was notable). However, due to the limited presence of riverine supply in the study area, which contributes directly to major dilution influences, fluctuations in terrigenous materials were considered of lesser magnitude than those caused by dissolution. The nannofossils were found to be the largest contributor to the total CaCO 3 composition, as they were the fraction least affected by the dissolution process. Overall, our results provide insights into the factors influencing CaCO 3 accumulation in marine sediments and can be used as a tool to determine changes between climatic cycles over time. 140000 140 000 140,00 years evaluated sample foraminifera, , (foraminifera) juvenile fragments, fragments fragments) nannofossils, (nannofossils) masses Nevertheless rates similarly, similarly (similarly notable. notable . notable) However area influences process Overall time 14000 14 00 140,0 (foraminifera (nannofossils 1400 1 0 140,

Resumo Ressurgências são importantes processos oceanográficos que induzem diversas mudanças nos ecossistemas marinhos, inclusive no acoplamento bento-pelágico (ABP) que desempenha um papel importante nas áreas costeiras. No entanto, existem poucas informações sobre os possíveis efeitos das ressurgências costeiras no papel trófico de predadores e no ABP. Em vista disso, aqui investigamos as possíveis mudanças sazonais e ontogenéticas nas interações tróficas de um predador demersal, o tira-vira Percophis brasiliensis, em um ecossistema com ressurgência. A amostragem foi realizada ao longo de um ano durante dois eventos de ressurgências costeiras. Baseado nas análises de conteúdos estomacais (ACE) foram registradas mudanças sazonais na dieta provavelmente impulsionadas pelas ressurgências costeiras, levando a um aumento de presas pelágicas e alterando as vias de acoplamento trófico. As análises de isótopos estáveis revelaram que o nicho isotópico diminuiu com o tamanho do corpo, assim como os valores do índice de Levin. Além disso, relações significativas e positivas foram observadas entre δ13C e δ15N versus comprimento total. Nossos resultados mostraram que o predador demersal tem um papel trófico relevante no ABP que provavelmente é influenciado por ressurgências costeiras. marinhos bentopelágico bento pelágico (ABP entanto disso tiravira tira vira brasiliensis ressurgência ACE (ACE corpo Levin δC δ C δN N total

Abstract Upwellings are important oceanographic processes that induce several changes in marine ecosystems, including in the benthic-pelagic coupling (BPC) that plays a major role in coastal areas. However, there is little available information about the possible effects of coastal upwellings on the trophic role of predators and in the BPC. Thus, here we investigate possible seasonal and ontogenetic changes in the trophic interaction of a demersal predator, the Brazilian flathead Percophis brasiliensis, from an upwelling ecosystem. Sampling was carried out for one year during two coastal upwelling events. Based on stomach content analysis (SCA) were recorded seasonal diet shifts, probably driven by coastal upwellings, leading to an increase in pelagic prey and changing the trophic coupling pathways. Stable isotope analysis revealed that isotopic niche decreased with the body size, as well as the values of the Levins’ index. Also, significant, and positive relationships were observed between δ13C and δ15N versus total length. Our results showed that the demersal predator has a relevant trophic role in the BPC which is probably influenced by coastal upwellings. ecosystems benthicpelagic benthic (BPC areas However Thus brasiliensis ecosystem events SCA (SCA shifts pathways size Levins index Also significant δC δ C δN N length

Abstract We document the first recorded occurrence of a Juan Fernández Petrel Pterodroma externa specimen in São Paulo State, South Atlantic, Brazil. This finding improves our understanding of the distribution of this pelagic species, which is rarely observed along the coast. It also suggests that unusual oceanographic conditions may disorient seabirds, causing them to appear in atypical areas. State Atlantic Brazil species coast seabirds areas

Abstract The organization of fish communities into habitat use groups facilitates a replicable understanding of species distribution due to the distinctive characteristics and ecological roles of these groups. Partitioning beta diversity and assessing both species contribution to beta diversity (SCBD) and local contribution to beta diversity (LCBD) can evaluate the ecological importance of each group and measure the uniqueness of each site. This study aimed to comprehend how different habitat groups within the marine fish assemblage in the Ubatumirim Bay contribute to beta diversity and to correlate the uniqueness of each sampling site to their attributes to better understand the importance of habitat use groups and the community composition variation in the bay. We sampled ichthyofauna at six locations within the bay, employing a shrimp trawl net at varying depths. We categorized the 95 identified species into five distinct habitat groups: reef-associated, pelagic-neritic, demersal, benthopelagic, and pelagic-oceanic, each with different ecological characteristics and preferences. However, no significant differences were detected in SCBD among these groups. An increase in LCBD values was observed with the decrease in mean sediment diameter, indicating a higher environmental complexity, possibly acting as an environmental filter. One of the sampled sites, Couves Island, stood out with a significantly higher LCBD value, which underscores the importance of such diverse environments in maintaining regional biodiversity. These findings can serve as a valuable baseline reference in conservation planning and management, particularly in assessing the effectiveness of the recently established Marine Environment Protection Area. For instance, comparing the current observations with future surveys could quantify the impact of this protection initiative, thus providing evidence of management efficacy and showing the potential effects of impacts (such as predatory tourism) in the Ubatumirim Bay area. (SCBD (LCBD bay depths 9 reefassociated, reefassociated reef associated, associated reef-associated pelagicneritic, pelagicneritic pelagic neritic, neritic pelagic-neritic demersal benthopelagic pelagicoceanic, pelagicoceanic oceanic, oceanic pelagic-oceanic preferences However diameter complexity filter sites Island value biodiversity Area instance initiative tourism area

Abstract Daily growth rates and pelagic larval duration were investigated in the common two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris). Fish were sampled using a beach seine from the shallow waters of Gökçeada Island, Turkey, between June 2013 and June 2014. The minimum and maximum daily age estimates were 41 and 339 d, respectively. The mean daily growth rate of young-of-the-yearD. vulgariswas 0.330 mm·d-1. Our results showed thatD. vulgarisexhibits a Type Ia settlement-mark with a pelagic larval duration of 29 d. The hatching period occurred from November to April. The maximum hatching frequencies were observed in winter, when the water temperature was relatively low. The natural logarithm of young-of-the-year abundance data was plotted against age, and the instant mortality coefficients were estimated. The relationships between total length and otolith morphometric measurements (otolith length [OL], width [OW], and radius [OR]) were defined by linear equations. Furthermore, it was observed that this ratio exhibited a linear relationship with OL, OW, and OR and total length and daily age.

Resumen Se investigó la duración y el crecimiento de las larvas pelágicas de la dorada común de dos bandas,Diplodus vulgaris. Los ejemplares fueron recolectados con un chinchorro playero en aguas poco profundas de la isla de Gökçeada, Turquía. La edad mínima diaria estimada fue de 41 d, y la máxima de 339 d. La tasa media de crecimiento diario de las crías del año deD. vulgarisfue de 0.330 mm·d-1. Los individuos deD. vulgarisexhibieron una marca de asentamiento Tipo Ia con duración larvaria pelágica de 29 d. El periodo de eclosión ocurrió entre noviembre y abril. Las frecuencias máximas de eclosión se observaron en el invierno, cuando la temperatura del agua era relativamente baja. Los datos del logaritmo natural de la abundancia de las crías del año se graficaron contra la edad, y se estimaron los coeficientes de mortalidad. Las relaciones entre la longitud total y las medidas morfométricas de otolitos (longitud [LO], ancho [AO] y radio [RO] de otolitos) se describieron mediante ecuaciones lineales. Además, se observó que esta relación exhibió una relación lineal entre la LO, el AO y el RO y la longitud total y la edad diaria.

Resumen La sardina crinuda azul (Opisthonema bulleri) es parte de los desembarques comerciales de peces pelágicos menores del sur del Golfo de California; la pesquería está certificada como sostenible por Marine Stewardship Council. Los parámetros de crecimiento de esta especie son de gran interés en la evaluación y manejo de la pesquería del complejo Opisthonema. En este estudio, se generó un conjunto de datos de edad a la talla de 367 lecturas de otolitos de los años 2005 y 2015 para completar los meses del año calendario con información continua e inferir la periodicidad de formación de la marca de crecimiento. Se utilizó un enfoque de selección multimodelo en cinco submodelos especiales del modelo de Schnute generalizado, incluido uno equivalente al modelo de von Bertalanffy. El tipo de borde mensual de los otolitos sugiere una marca de crecimiento anual. Se identificaron seis grupos de edad (0-5 años), con una APE y CV de 4,5 y 2,9 % respectivamente. El análisis de edad a la talla del conjunto de datos con la selección multimodelo es una garantía de que el caso uno de Schnute es el mejor para describir y estimar los parámetros de crecimiento de O. bulleri del sur del Golfo de California.

Abstract The blue thread herring (Opisthonema bulleri) is part of the landing commercials of small pelagic fishes from the southern Gulf of California; the fishery is certified as sustainable by the Marine Stewardship Council. The growth parameters of this specie are of great interest in the assessment and management of Opisthonema complex fishery. In this study, a data set age-at-size was generated from 367 otolith reads from the years 2005 and 2015 to complete the monthly continuity of one year and infer the formation periodicity of the growth mark. A multi-model approach on five special submodels of the generalized Schnute model, including one equivalent to the von Bertalanffy model, was used. The monthly edge type of otoliths suggests an annual growth mark. Six age groups were identified (0 - 5 years), with an APE and CV of 4.5 and 2.9 %, respectively. The age-at-length analysis of the data set with multi-model selection is a guarantee that Schnute’s case is the best to describe and estimate the growth parameters of O. bulleri from the southern Gulf of California.