Abstract Maladaptive behaviors in children constitute a problem that affects their overall development. Various studies have explored the role of parenting styles as a factor associated with these behaviors. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between parenting styles and maladaptive behaviors in a sample of 100 students aged 8 to 11 from the city of Ambato, Ecuador. A non-experimental, correlational, cross-sectional design was used. Participants were selected through stratified probability sampling from a school in the city. The Behavior Assessment System for Children and Adolescents (BASC-3) was administered to measure maladaptive behaviors, and the Abbreviated Parenting Styles Perception Questionnaire (CRPBI) was used to assess perceived parenting styles. The results indicate that 48% of the sample exhibited some behavior problems according to the BASC-3, primarily of an externalizing nature. Correlational analysis revealed that the parenting style of affection is negatively associated with behavior problems, while psychological control and rejection are positively related. The parenting style that best predicts the presence of behavior problems is parental rejection according to the regression analysis conducted. In conclusion, parenting styles characterized by low levels of affection and high levels of psychological control and rejection are associated with a greater presence of maladaptive behaviors in children. It is recommended to implement parent guidance programs to promote positive parenting styles and prevent behavior problems from an early age.

Resumen Las conductas desadaptativas en los niños constituyen un problema que afecta su desarrollo integral. Diversos estudios han explorado el rol de los estilos parentales de crianza como factor asociado a estas conductas. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre los estilos parentales y las conductas desadaptativas en una muestra de 100 estudiantes de 8 a 11 años de la ciudad de Ambato, Ecuador. Se utilizó un diseño no experimental, correlacional y de corte transversal. Los participantes fueron seleccionados mediante un muestreo probabilístico estratificado de una escuela de la ciudad. Se administró el Sistema de Evaluación de la Conducta de Niños y Adolescentes (BASC-3) para medir las conductas desadaptativas y el Cuestionario de Percepción de Estilos de Crianza Abreviado (CRPBI) para evaluar los estilos parentales percibidos. Los resultados indican que la muestra presentó algún problema de comportamiento según el BASC-3, principalmente de tipo externalizante. El análisis correlacional evidenció que el estilo parental de afecto se asocia negativamente con los problemas de conducta, mientras que el control psicológico y el rechazo se relacionan positivamente. El estilo de crianza que mejor predice la presencia de problemas de conducta es el de rechazo parental según el análisis de regresión efectuado. En conclusión, los estilos parentales caracterizados por niveles bajos de afecto y altos de control psicológico y rechazo se asocian a mayor presencia de conductas desadaptativas en los niños. Se recomienda implementar programas de orientación a padres para promover estilos de crianza positivos y prevenir problemas de comportamiento desde edades tempranas.

Abstract Parenting Styles (PS) have been mostly investigated from a quantitative approach; Likewise, the use of ATLAS.ti Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the analysis of articles can be an important tool for researchers. Introduction. The study of CE continues to evolve, therefore, a review study can give us more information about this construct. Goals. As a first objective, to know which methodology is most common in research on CE. As a second objective, which concepts are most considered by EC researchers. As a third objective, which emerging codes are the most frequent in the analysis of the selected articles; Finally, as a fourth objective, what advantages does the use of ATLAS.ti AI provide for the analysis of articles. Methods. The systematic review of ten articles on CE has been chosen, from the Web of Science database, published between the years 2020 - 2024; using ATLAS.ti AI to analyze the selected articles. Results. Most research on CE has been approached from a quantitative approach. The concepts most used by researchers are parenting styles, behavior, family, children, among others. The most frequent emerging codes are: parenting styles, emotional intelligence, adolescents and self-esteem. The ATLAS.ti AI greatly helps the analysis and synthesis of the selected articles. Conclusions. More research is needed on parenting styles, using a qualitative approach. ECs play an influential role in the comprehensive development of children. The use of AI, ATLAS.ti, may present some errors such as repetition, non-discrimination between languages, syntax and semantic errors in the summaries, however, with the necessary verification, it becomes an extremely interesting tool.

Resúmen Los Estilos de Crianza (EC), se han investigado en su mayoría desde el enfoque cuantitativo; asimismo, el uso de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) de ATLAS.ti, en el análisis de artículos, puede ser una herramienta importante para los investigadores. Introducción. El estudio de los EC sigue en evolución, por lo cual, un estudio de revisión puede darnos más información sobre este constructo. Objetivos. Como primer objetivo, conocer que metodología es más frecuente en las investigaciones sobre los EC. Como segundo objetivo, que conceptos son más considerados por los investigadores de los EC. Como tercer objetivo, que códigos emergentes son los más frecuentes en el análisis de los artículos seleccionados; finalmente como cuarto objetivo, que ventajas otorga el uso de la IA de ATLAS.ti, para el análisis de artículos. Métodos. Se ha optado por la revisión sistemática de diez artículos sobre EC, desde la base de datos Web of Science, publicados entre los años 2020 - 2024; empleando la IA de ATLAS.ti para el análisis de los artículos seleccionados. Resultados. La mayoría de las investigaciones sobre los EC, han sido abordados desde el enfoque cuantitativo. Los conceptos más utilizados por los investigadores son estilos de crianza, conducta, familia, hijos, entre otros. Los códigos emergentes más frecuentes son: estilos de crianza, inteligencia emocional, adolescentes y autoestima. La IA de ATLAS.ti, ayuda en gran medida, el análisis y síntesis de los artículos seleccionados. Conclusiones. Se precisan más investigaciones sobre los estilos de crianza, bajo el enfoque cualitativo. Los EC cumplen un rol influyente en el desarrollo integral de los hijos. El uso de la IA, de ATLAS.ti, puede presentar algunos errores como repetición, no discriminación entre los idiomas, errores de sintaxis y de semántica en los resúmenes, sin embargo, con la verificación necesaria, se convierte en una herramienta sumamente interesante.

Resumo A educação dos alunos é afetada positiva ou negativamente por vários fatores, como os padrões parentais exercidos pelos pais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar a relação entre o autoconceito acadêmico, a motivação escolar e o tipo de padrões parentais percebidos pelas crianças da quarta, quinta e sexta séries de uma escola primária no estado de Tlaxcala, México. O estudo foi quantitativo, transversal e correlacional, foi realizado durante o ano letivo de 2022. Participaram 213 alunos, com faixa etária de 8 a 12 anos (M idade 9,33, DP. = 0,802), foi utilizada a Escala de Motivação Escola, Inventário de Padrões Parentais e Escala de Autoconceito Acadêmico. O SPSS versão 22 foi utilizado para análise dos dados e os resultados mostraram duas associações positivas e significativas entre padrões parentais de apoio, a primeira foi com motivação (rs= 0,318**) e a segunda com autoconceito acadêmico (rs=0,303**), bem como entre motivação e autoconceito acadêmico (rs= 0,289**). Nos grupos de alunos com padrões parentais coercivos e indiferentes não foram encontradas associações entre as variáveis. Conclui-se que um ambiente familiar favorável e que confere confiança promove fatores motivacionais e o autoconceito acadêmico, além de haver uma estreita relação entre a percepção que se tem como aluno e a motivação, o que favorece o desempenho escolar, portanto, sugere-se uma conduta mais pesquisas sobre este tema.

Abstract The education of students is affected positively or negatively by various factors such as the parenting patterns exercised by parents. The objective of this research was to identify the relationship between academic self- concept, school motivation and the type of parenting patterns perceived by children in the fourth, fifth and sixth grades of a primary school in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico. The study was quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational, it was carried out during the 2022 school year. 213 students participated, with an age range of 8 to 12 years (M age 9.33, SD. = 0.802), the Motivation Scale was used. School, the Parenting Patterns Inventory and the Academic Self-Concept Scale. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the data and the results showed two positive and significant associations between supportive parenting patterns, the first was with motivation (rs= 0.318**) and the second with academic self-concept (rs=0.303**), as well as between motivation and academic self-concept (rs= 0.289**). In the groups of students with coercive and indifferent parenting patterns, no associations were found between the variables. It is concluded that a supportive family environment that grants confidence promotes motivational factors and academic self-concept, in addition there is a close relationship between the perception one has as a student and motivation, which favors school performance, therefore, it is suggested conduct more research on this topic.

Resumen La educación del estudiantado se ve afectada de manera positiva o negativa por diversos factores como las pautas de crianza ejercidas por los progenitores. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar la relación entre el autoconcepto académico, la motivación escolar y el tipo de pautas de crianza que percibe la niñez de cuarto, quinto y sexto grado de una escuela primaria del estado de Tlaxcala, México. El estudio fue cuantitativo, de tipo transversal y correlacional, se realizó durante el ciclo escolar 2022. Participaron 213 estudiantes, con un rango de edad de 8 a 12 años (M edad 9.33, DE. = 0.802), se emplearon la Escala de Motivación Escolar, el Inventario de Pautas de Crianza y la Escala de Autoconcepto Académico. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el SPSS versión 22 y los resultados mostraron dos asociaciones positivas y significativas entre las pautas de crianza de apoyo, el primero fue con la motivación (rs= 0.318**) y la segunda con el autoconcepto académico (rs=0.303**), así como entre la motivación y el autoconcepto académico (rs= 0.289**). En los grupos de estudiantes con pautas de crianza coercitivas e indiferentes no se encontraron asociaciones entre las variables. Se concluye que un entorno familiar de apoyo que otorgue confianza promueve los factores motivacionales y el autoconcepto académico, además existe una estrecha relación entre la percepción que se tiene como estudiante y la motivación, lo cual favorece el rendimiento escolar, por lo tanto, se sugiere realizar más investigaciones en torno a este tema.

RESUMEN El estilo de crianza se refiere a la manera en la cual los padres ejercen su influencia en la formación y el crecimiento del niño. Del estilo aplicado que fundamentalmente puede ser democrático, autoritario o permisivo, depende en gran medida la salud emocional de ese individuo en crecimiento. En Paraguay, tradicionalmente la figura de los padres se visualiza como el autoritario. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar la percepción social sobre estilos de crianzas de los hijos en Paraguay, en el año 2023. El diseño fue cuantitativo, descriptivo, de corte transversal, aplicado a una población de 313 personas, mediante un muestreo no probabilísticos por conveniencia, con el método de la encuesta, a través de un cuestionario difundido por las redes sociales. Entre los principales resultados se evidenció: 69% fueron mujeres; 48.2% con procedencia de Asunción y de 41.9% Central; 84% son de formación universitaria; 60.4% no tienen bajo su responsabilidad a un niño; el estilo predominante en Paraguay según los participantes fue el autoritario con 39%, seguido del permisivo con 29.1%, el democrático con 17.2% y el negligente con 14.7%. El 44.7% sufrió alguna forma de violencia como método de educación; 19.5% ha aplicado alguna forma de violencia en la crianza; 91.7% no está de acuerdo con dichas prácticas; 68.1% considera que la crianza autoritaria puede generar traumas y 83.7% que genera más miedo que respeto. Si la persona pudiese elegir el modelo predominante en Paraguay, el 77.6% optaría por un estilo democrático. Se concluye que el estilo de crianza predominante es el autoritario y que las prácticas de violencia hacia las personas son frecuentes.

ABSTRACT Parenting style refers to the way in which parents exert their influence on the formation and growth of the child. The emotional health of the growing individual depends to a great extent on the style applied, which can be democratic, authoritarian or permissive. In Paraguay, traditionally the parental figure is visualized as authoritarian. The objective of this research was to identify the social perception of parenting styles in Paraguay in the year 2023. The design was quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, applied to a population of 313 people, through a non-probabilistic sampling by convenience, with the survey method, through a questionnaire disseminated through social networks. Among the main results were: 69% were women; 48.2% were from Asunción and 41.9% from Central Paraguay; 84% had university education; 60.4% did not have a child under their responsibility; the predominant style in Paraguay according to the participants was authoritarian with 39%, followed by permissive with 29.1%, democratic with 17.2% and negligent with 14.7%. A total 44.7% suffered some form of violence as a method of education; 19.5% have applied some form of violence in upbringing; 91.7% do not agree with such practices; 68.1% consider that authoritarian upbringing can generate traumas and 83.7% that it generates more fear than respect. If a person could choose the predominant model in Paraguay, 77.6% would opt for a democratic style. It is concluded that the predominant parenting style is authoritarian and that violent practices towards people are frequent.

Parenting enhancement contributes to the development of positive child behaviour and strengthening of family connectedness. This qualitative study explores the experiences of 10 experts (social workers, child and youth care workers, and researchers) in the field of parenting through semi-structured interviews to strengthen family connectedness in families with children with behavioural problems (FCBPs). Using Tesch's qualitative analysis, three main themes emerged: (a) barriers to family connectedness, (b) parenting styles, and (c) parenting programmes in strengthening family connectedness. The findings of the study highlight the barriers experienced by experts and the lack of evidence-based parenting programmes in the strengthening of family connectedness in FCBPs in rural areas in South Africa. The study therefore recommends that practitioners in the field of parenting should receive specialised parenting training on how to strengthen family connectedness in FCBPs.

ABSTRACT The objective of the research is to describe the perceptions of parenting styles in secondary education students, Pucallpa-Peru. A qualitative, transversal and descriptive approach was chosen. Virtual interviews were conducted through Meet with 5 students from the 4th year of the Alternative Basic Education Center (CEBA) in Pucallpa, selected by convenience in 2022. The inclusion criteria were active students, aged 16 to 18 and willing to participate. A guide with 9 open questions and the ATLAS.ti v22 software was used for data processing. The results highlight the importance of setting limits in parenting; Two common errors in parenting styles are identified (irresponsible procreation and granting freedom without responsibility to children); preference of the single parent to avoid conflict; and the majority mention having a democratic father and an authoritarian mother (or vice versa). It is concluded that the democratic style is perceived as the ideal and the best option, however, the participants recognize that the authoritarian and permissive styles are the most frequent in their environment.

RESUMEN El objetivo de la investigación es describir las percepciones sobre estilos de crianza en estudiantes de educación secundaria, Pucallpa-Perú. Se optó por un enfoque cualitativo, transversal y descriptivo. Se realizaron entrevistas virtuales a través de Meet con 5 estudiantes del 4to año del Centro de Educación Básico Alternativo (CEBA) en Pucallpa, seleccionados por conveniencia en el 2022. Los criterios de inclusión fueron estudiantes activos, de 16 a 18 años y dispuestos a participar. Se empleó una guía con 9 preguntas abiertas y el software ATLAS.ti v22 para el procesamiento de datos. Los resultados resaltan la importancia de establecer límites en la crianza; se identifican dos errores comunes en los estilos de crianza (procreación irresponsable y conceder libertad sin responsabilidad a los hijos); preferencia por la composición monoparental para evitar discusiones entre los padres; y la mayoría menciona tener un padre democrático y una madre autoritaria (o viceversa). Se concluye que el estilo democrático es percibido como el ideal y la mejor opción, sin embargo, los participantes reconocen que son los estilos autoritarios y permisivos los más frecuentes en su entorno.

Abstract Background There is a large literature on the significant impact of rearing factors in the psychological development of different child's learning patterns and wellbeing in elementary and secondary schools, but there is a scarcity of studies on to what extent those influences remain stable up to higher education. Objective In this study, parenting practices and family status were analyzed as predictors of the different learning styles, psychological difficulties, mental health factors, and academic performance, comprising the psychosocial diversity in learning (DinL) at the university classroom. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, a questionnaire was administered to a sample of 2522 students at the Complutense University of Madrid (Spain). It included a DinL scale measuring five psychological learning dimensions (coping with difficulties, effort, autonomy, Social/Physical Context, and understanding/career interest), plus several items on retrospective parenting practices, family, and sociodemographic variables. Multiple regressions and analyses of variance were conducted with the family factors as independent variables and the learning factors as dependent variables. Results Results showed parenting variables, parents’ education, and family economy as having a significant impact on psychological learning dimensions, academic performance, and especially on the students’ wellbeing and mental health status, being an important contributors to explain the DinL in the university classroom. Conclusion The results bring interesting conclusions for developmental and health psychologists when working with parents aimed at fostering wellbeing and learning strategies related to academic inclusion and achievement. childs child s schools education study styles difficulties performance (DinL classroom crosssectional cross sectional design 252 Spain. Spain . (Spain) coping effort autonomy SocialPhysical Social Physical Context understandingcareer understanding career interest, interest , interest) achievement 25 (Spain 2

Abstract It is intended to study the quality of the Family Functioning Scale (Portuguese version) and to understand/characterize the relationship between Family Functioning and Parenting Styles. The samples include 1757 Portuguese parents, 77.3% being female (N=1359), aged between 20 and 80 years old (M=41.61; SD=5.71). The results confirm a relationship between the dimensions of family functioning and parenting styles, especially with the emotional support dimension. Parents between 36 and 45 years old have a more positive family functioning and a parenting style associated with higher levels of emotional support, lower levels of rejection, and moderate levels of control/supervision. It is concluded that it is a valid, sensitive, and robust instrument, and the results are a contribution to psychosocial research and intervention. version understandcharacterize understand characterize Styles 175 parents 773 77 3 77.3 N=1359, N1359 N N=1359 , 1359 (N=1359) 2 8 M=41.61 M4161 M 41 61 (M=41.61 SD=5.71. SD571 SD SD=5.71 . 5 71 SD=5.71) styles dimension 4 rejection controlsupervision control supervision control/supervision valid sensitive instrument intervention 17 7 77. N135 N=135 135 (N=1359 M=41.6 M416 6 (M=41.6 SD57 SD=5.7 1 N13 N=13 13 (N=135 M=41. M41 (M=41. SD5 SD=5. N1 N=1 (N=13 M=41 M4 (M=41 SD=5 N= (N=1 M=4 (M=4 SD= (N= M= (M= (N (M

Resumo Pretende-se estudar a qualidade da Escala do Funcionamento Familiar (versão portuguesa) e compreender/caracterizar a relação entre o Funcionamento Familiar e os Estilos Parentais. A amostra inclui 1757 pais portugueses, sendo 77,3% do sexo feminino (N=1359), com idades entre os 20 e os 80 anos (M=41,61; DP=5,71). Os resultados confirmam uma relação entre as dimensões do funcionamento familiar e dos estilos parentais, especialmente com o suporte emocional. Os pais entre 36 e 45 anos apresentam um funcionamento familiar mais positivo e um estilo parental associado a níveis mais elevados de suporte emocional, níveis mais baixos de rejeição e níveis moderados de controlo/supervisão. Conclui-se que é um instrumento válido, sensível e robusto, e os resultados são um contributo para a investigação e intervenção psicossocial. Pretendese Pretende se versão portuguesa compreendercaracterizar compreender caracterizar Parentais 175 portugueses 773 77 3 77,3 N=1359, N1359 N N=1359 , 1359 (N=1359) 2 8 M=41,61 M4161 M 41 61 (M=41,61 DP=5,71. DP571 DP DP=5,71 . 5 71 DP=5,71) parentais emocional 4 controlosupervisão controlo supervisão controlo/supervisão Concluise Conclui válido robusto psicossocial 17 7 77, N135 N=135 135 (N=1359 M=41,6 M416 6 (M=41,6 DP57 DP=5,7 1 N13 N=13 13 (N=135 M=41, M41 (M=41, DP5 DP=5, N1 N=1 (N=13 M=41 M4 (M=41 DP=5 N= (N=1 M=4 (M=4 DP= (N= M= (M= (N (M

Resumen Introducción: el exceso de peso en la infancia se ve influenciado por múltiples factores; la crianza podría contribuir a este problema, dado que durante la etapa infantil son los padres y principalmente la madre los responsables de proporcionar alimento y de alimentar a sus hijos. Objetivo: explorar la relación del estrés de la crianza y los estilos maternos de alimentación con el IMC del hijo preescolar. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal. Participaron 382 díadas madre e hijo, los últimos de 3-5 años. Los hijos asistían a instituciones públicas de educación preescolar. Las madres participantes contestaron la Escala de Estrés de la Crianza y el Cuestionario de Estilos de Alimentación del Cuidador. Se midió peso, talla y se calculó el IMC del preescolar. Resultados: el 34 % de las madres utilizaban con mayor frecuencia un estilo indulgente y el 28,2 % de los hijos preescolares tenía sobrepeso-obesidad. Las madres con estilo autoritario presentaban el rango promedio más alto de estrés de la crianza comparado con las otras categorías (H = 15,302, gl = 3, p = 0,002). Se identificó que la escolaridad materna, la dimensión de la responsabilidad y la demanda contribuyen al IMC del hijo preescolar. Conclusión: el estrés de la crianza y los estilos de alimentación son variables que contribuyen al riesgo de sobrepeso-obesidad en los hijos preescolares.

Abstract Introduction: excess weight in childhood is influenced by multiple factors; parenting could contribute to this problem, given that during the infant stage the parents, and mainly the mother, are responsible for providing food and feeding their children. Objective: to explore the relationship of parenting stress and maternal feeding styles with preschool BMI. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study. A total of 382 dyads, mother and child (3-5 years of age) participated. The children attended public preschool institutions. Participating mothers completed the Parenting Stress Scale and the Caregiver Feeding Styles Questionnaire. Weight and height were measured, and the child's BMI was calculated. Results: 34 % of the mothers more frequently used an indulgent style, 28.2 % of the preschool children had overweight-obese. Mothers with an authoritative style had the highest mean range of parenting stress compared to other categories (H = 15.302, gl = 3, p = 0.002). Maternal schooling, responsibility and demand dimensions were identified as contributing to preschooler BMI. Conclusion: parenting stress and feeding styles are variables that contribute to the risk of overweight-obesity in preschool children.

Resumo Esse artigo investiga em que medida as fontes de desigualdades do desempenho escolar e de expectativas educacionais por raça/cor são resultantes de desvantagens socioeconômicas, da heterogeneidade de estilos parentais ou se advêm de fatores residuais não observáveis. As análises utilizam dados da pesquisa Fundaj que disponibiliza informações relativas à raça/cor, aspirações educacionais futuras e uma avaliação longitudinal do desempenho escolar. A estratégia de identificação utiliza o método de Propensity Score Matching. Os resultados mostram que as disparidades educacionais entre estudantes do 6º ano do ensino fundamental da rede pública do Recife, que se declaram pretos ou de outra raça/cor, persistem em termos de reprovação e expectativa de ingresso ao ensino superior, mesmo após o condicionamento em um amplo controle de observáveis, sugerindo que a fonte dessas disparidades decorre de fatores não observáveis na análise. Apesar das famílias de estudantes pretos se engajarem mais ativamente no acompanhamento escolar de seus filhos do que familiares de estudantes não-pretos, esse maior envolvimento não tem sido suficiente para neutralizar as desigualdades educacionais por raça/cor. Alunos pretos possuem taxas de reprovação maiores do que seus colegas não-pretos e menores expectativas de acesso ao ensino superior em cerca de 5 pontos percentuais, diferenças estatisticamente significantes a 5%. raçacor raça cor socioeconômicas Matching º Recife análise nãopretos, nãopretos pretos, percentuais 5%

Abstract The study investigates the extent to which the sources of school performance inequalities and educational expectations by race / color are the result of socioeconomic disadvantages, the heterogeneity of parenting styles or whether they result from unobservable residual factors. The analyzes use data from the Fundaj (2013) research that provides information on race, future educational aspirations, and a longitudinal evaluation of the student’s school performance. The identification strategy uses the method of propensity score matching (PSM). The results show that the educational disparities between students of the 6th grade of Recife, who declare themselves to be black or of another ethnic group, persist in terms of failure and expectation of entering higher education, even after conditioning in a broad control of observables, suggesting that the source of these disparities stem from factors not observable in the analysis. Despite the fact that families of black students are more actively involved in the school monitoring of their children than families of non-black students, this greater involvement has not been enough to neutralize educational inequalities by race/color. Black students have higher failure rates than their non-black peers and lower expectations of access to higher education by about 5 percentage points, statistically significant differences at 5%. disadvantages 2013 (2013 aspirations student s PSM. PSM . (PSM) th Recife group observables analysis nonblack non racecolor race/color points 5% 201 (201 (PSM 20 (20 2 (2 (

Resumen: Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los estilos parentales (autoritativo, autoritario, negligente e indulgente) como un factor de protección o de riesgo para el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de una universidad pública ubicada en el estado XX, Brasil. Participaron 392 estudiantes universitarios de 18 a 58 años (M = 23, 23; SD = 5.78), en su mayoría mujeres (70.7%), solteros (58.4%), los cuales respondieron el Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), la Escala de Responsividad y Exigencia, y las cuestiones sociodemográficas. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y análisis multivariante de la varianza (MANOVA). Los resultados de MANOVA indicaron, en general, los estilos de socialización parental autoritativos e indulgentes como factores de protección para el consumo de alcohol; mientras que la parentalidad autoritaria y negligente constituyeron un riesgo para el uso de sustancias. Los datos sobre la contribución de cada estilo parental al consumo de bebidas etílicas favorecen el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención, además de permitir la identificación del impacto de las prácticas parentales en la educación de los hijos, promoviendo comportamientos más saludables y más adaptativos.

Abstract: This research aimed to analyze parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent and neglectful) as a protective factor or risk alcohol consumption in students of a public university in the state XX, Brazil. The study included 392 university aged 18 to 58 years (M = 23, 23; SD = 5.78), most females (70.7%), single (58.4%), who answered the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Responsiveness and Requirement Scale, and sociodemographic questions. Descriptive analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were performed. MANOVA results generally indicated authoritative and indulgent parental socialization styles as protective factors for alcohol consumption; while the authoritarian and neglectful parenting constituted risk of substance use. The data of the contribution of each parental style in the consumption of beverages ethylic favoring the development of prevention strategies, and allows identify of the impact of parenting practices in the education of children by promoting healthier behaviors and adaptive.

Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os estilos parentais (autoritativo, autoritário, negligente e indulgente) como fator de proteção ou risco ao consumo de álcool em estudantes de uma universidade pública localizada no estado XX, Brasil. Participaram do estudo 392 universitários com idade entre 18 e 58 anos (M = 23, 23; DP = 5,78), a maioria do sexo feminino (70,7%), solteiros (58,4%), que responderam ao Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), a Escala de Responsividade e Exigência e a questões sociodemográficas. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e análise multivariada de variância (MANOVA). Os resultados da MANOVA indicaram, de modo geral, os estilos de socialização parental autoritativo e indulgente como fatores de proteção ao consumo de álcool; enquanto a parentalidade autoritária e negligente constituíram risco ao uso da substância. Os dados da contribuição de cada estilo parental no consumo de bebidas etílicas favorece o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção, além de permitir identificar o impacto das práticas parentais na educação dos filhos, promovendo comportamentos mais saudáveis e adaptativos.

Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue determinar si la percepción de la crianza y el estilo de afrontamiento del conflicto predicen las autolesiones no suicidas en adolescentes. Se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico en 495 participantes (38.4% hombres y 61.6% mujeres) de 11 a 18 años, en el Estado de México. El análisis estadístico arrojó una presencia de autolesiones de 23.2% en adolescentes, donde resalta la media más alta para mujeres que para hombres en las autolesiones por encima de la piel (1.57 vs. 1.36) y debajo de la piel (1.40 vs. 1.20). Se obtuvieron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas de las autolesiones con la percepción de la crianza y con los estilos de afrontamiento productivo, relacionado con otros e improductivo. Se concluye que los estilos de afrontamiento y la percepción de la crianza inciden en la frecuencia de autolesión, por lo que para la comprensión de las autolesiones en adolescentes es necesario considerar diversos factores individuales y contextuales.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if the perception of parenting and coping style predict non-suicidal self-injuries in adolescents. A non-probabilistic sample of 495 participants (38.4% male and 61.6% female) aged between 11 and 18 years in the State of Mexico was employed. The statistical analysis showed a presence of self-injury in 23.2% of the participants, with a higher mean score for girls than for boys on the skin (1.57 vs. 1.36) and underneath it (1.40 vs. 1.20). Statistically significant correlations were obtained between self-injuries and perception of parenting and productive coping styles, related to others and unproductive coping styles. It is concluded that coping styles and the perception of parenting affect the frequency of self-injuring by the participants in this study, and that to understand self-injuries it is necessary to consider diverse individual and contextual factors.

Resumen El Modelo Componencial del Parentaje (MCP), desde una perspectiva evolutiva, propone seis sistemas (contacto corporal, estimulación corporal, contacto cara a cara, estimulación con objetos, envoltura narrativa y atención primaria), universales y filogenéticamente evolucionados, así como dos estilos parentales (distal y proximal) que se originan combinando algunos de ellos. Para analizar las propiedades psicométricas de una medida parental, se aplicó el Inventario de Estilos y Sistemas de Crianza (ISEP), en el contexto escolar y hospitalario, a 70 cuidadores primarios de niños con una edad media de 24,44 meses. El ISEP fue construido para el presente estudio, presenta 26 situaciones cotidianas y crianza los cuidadores deben indicar la práctica parental más común adoptada en cada una de ellas. Una Guía de Codificación de Prácticas Parentales permite clasificar cada respuesta en uno de los sistemas del MCP. La concordancia entre los jueces con la codificación varió entre 84,67% y 95,55% y los coeficientes de inter-correlación en todos los sistemas parentales fueron significativos, evidenciando su validez por el proceso de respuesta al inventario. Los análisis indicaron la ocurrencia de todos los sistemas parentales, con predominio de envoltura narrativa y estimulación corporal. Un análisis de clusters formó dos conglomerados, derivando el estilo proximal y el estilo distal, según la interacción entre los sistemas, constituyendo evidencia de validez basada en la estructura interna del instrumento. El ISEP demostró ser una medida valida y fiable para la investigación y la práctica profesional en Psicología. Se necesita más investigación con muestras más grandes y diversificadas para perfeccionar el instrumento. MCP, MCP , (MCP) evolutiva corporal objetos primaria, primaria primaria) evolucionados distal ellos ISEP, (ISEP) hospitalario 7 2444 24 44 24,4 meses estudio 2 ellas 8467 84 67 84,67 9555 95 55 95,55 intercorrelación inter correlación significativos inventario conglomerados instrumento Psicología (MCP (ISEP 244 4 24, 846 8 6 84,6 955 9 5 95,5 84, 95,

Resumo O Modelo de Componentes da Parentalidade (MCP) da perspectiva evolucionista propõe seis sistemas - contato corporal, estimulação corporal, contato face a face, estimulação por objeto, envelope narrativo e cuidado primário - universais e filogeneticamente evoluídos, e dois estilos parentais - distal e proximal - oriundos da combinação de alguns desses sistemas. Para analisar propriedades psicométricas de uma medida de parentalidade, o Inventário de Sistemas e Estilos Parentais (ISEP) foi aplicado em contexto escolar e hospitalar, em 70 cuidadores primários de crianças com idade média de 24,44 meses. O ISEP, construído para este estudo, apresenta 26 situações cotidianas e solicita que cuidadores indiquem a prática parental mais comumente adotada em cada uma delas, e cada resposta foi classificada em um dos sistemas do MCP por um Guia de Codificação de Práticas Parentais. A concordância entre juízes com a codificação variou entre 84,67% e 95,55%, e os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse foram significativos para todos os sistemas de parentalidade, representando uma evidência de validade por processo de resposta do inventário. As análises indicaram a ocorrência de todos os sistemas parentais, com predominância de envelope narrativo e estimulação corporal. Uma análise de cluster formou dois conglomerados, um derivando o estilo proximal e outro o estilo distal, de acordo com a interação entre os sistemas, constituindo uma evidência de validade baseada na estrutura interna do instrumento. O ISEP mostrou ser uma medida promissora para a pesquisa e a prática profissional em Psicologia. Outras pesquisas com amostras mais amplas e diversificadas são necessárias para refinamento do instrumento e do guia. (MCP corporal objeto evoluídos parentalidade (ISEP hospitalar 7 2444 24 44 24,4 meses estudo 2 delas 8467 84 67 84,67 9555 95 55 95,55% inventário conglomerados Psicologia guia 244 4 24, 846 8 6 84,6 955 9 5 95,55 84, 95,5 95,

Abstract The Component Model of Parenting (CMP), from an evolutionary perspective, proposes a phylogenetically evolved repertoire of six systems (body contact, body stimulation, face-to-face exchange, object stimulation, and primary care) and two parenting styles (distal and proximal) by combining some of these systems. We developed the Inventory of Parenting Systems and Styles (ISEP) and applied it to hospitals and schools to analyze its psychometric properties. The parenting measure analysis we propose evolved 70 primary caregivers of young children with a mean age of 22.44 months. ISEP consists of 26 daily situations and assesses the most common parenting practices caregivers adopted in each one of them. Besides, we created a Coding Guide to Parenting Practice. It enabled us to classify each response according to the CMP systems. We found a variance of 84.67% and 95.55% in codification agreement between expert judges and a significant intraclass correlation coefficient for all parenting systems, which discloses validity evidence on the response process of the inventory. Our analyses indicated the occurrence of all parental systems, with a prevalence of narrative envelope and body stimulation. Cluster analysis revealed two clusters, one formed by proximal style and another by distal style, in accordance with the interactions of the system, representing a validity of evidence based on the internal structure of the instrument. ISEP provides reasonable measures for research and professional practice in Psychology. Further research with more extensive and diverse samples is necessary to refine the instrument and, especially its guide. CMP, , (CMP) perspective contact stimulation facetoface face exchange care (ISEP properties 7 2244 22 44 22.4 months 2 them Besides Practice 8467 84 67 84.67 9555 95 55 95.55 inventory clusters system Psychology guide (CMP 224 4 22. 846 8 6 84.6 955 9 5 95.5 84. 95.

Abstract Parenting styles and parental self-efficacy are major factors that affect the overall adjustment of children. The current study examined parenting styles and maternal self-efficacy and their association with social-emotional adjustment among Arab preschool children living in Israel. Parenting Styles Questionnaire , Maternal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire , and Adjustment Questionnaire were administered to 420 Arabic-speaking mothers of 3- to 4-year-old children. After employing multiple regression analyses, the results indicated that parenting styles and the overall adjustment of children were significantly correlated. More precisely, a significant association between authoritative parenting style and higher levels of social-emotional adjustment among preschool children was found. Furthermore, maternal self-efficacy was significantly correlated to the overall adjustment of children. In this regard, higher maternal self-efficacy is associated with increased social-emotional adjustment among preschool children. The findings of our study show the applicability of these constructs found relevant across numerous cultures in a unique sample of Arab children living in Israel. Lastly, this study supports intervention programs that promote authoritative parenting style and parental self-efficacy in Arab communities. selfefficacy self efficacy socialemotional social emotional Israel SelfEfficacy Self Efficacy 42 Arabicspeaking Arabic speaking 3 4yearold yearold 4 year old analyses precisely Furthermore regard Lastly communities

Resumen Esta revisión se enfoca en la intersección de dos factores fundamentales en el desarrollo infantil: el procesamiento sensorial y el apego. Las transformaciones rápidas y profundas que ocurren en el cerebro durante la infancia influyen en la regulación emocional, la autoestima y la capacidad para establecer relaciones saludables. Siguiendo los lineamientos PRISMA, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática para explorar la relación entre el procesamiento sensorial y el apego en niños y niñas de 0 a 14 años. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed y PsycINFO, utilizando palabras clave relacionadas con la teoría del apego y el procesamiento sensorial. Los estudios se seleccionaron de los disponibles hasta mayo de 2022. De un total inicial de 87 artículos, 17 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y proporcionaron una variedad de perspectivas sobre la relación entre el procesamiento sensorial y el apego en la infancia temprana. Se identificó una conexión significativa entre el trastorno del procesamiento sensorial y el apego, destacando la importancia de la visión en el desarrollo social y la comunicación, así como las estrategias parentales efectivas, los estilos de apego saludables y un procesamiento sensorial adecuado. Se respalda la idea de que un apego saludable durante la infancia favorece el desarrollo del procesamiento sensorial. Se evidencia la utilidad de la integración sensorial para mejorar las relaciones y orientar futuras investigaciones y prácticas en terapia ocupacional. infantil emocional PRISMA 1 años Science Scopus PsycINFO 2022 8 artículos temprana comunicación efectivas adecuado ocupacional 202 20 2

Abstract This review focuses on the intersection of two fundamental factors in child development: sensory processing and attachment. The rapid and profound transformations that occur in the brain during childhood influence emotional regulation, self-esteem, and the ability to establish healthy relationships. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was carried out to explore the relationship between sensory processing and attachment in boys and girls aged 0 to 14 years. The Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed, and PsycINFO databases were searched using keywords related to attachment theory and sensory processing. Studies were selected from those available through May 2022. Of an initial 87 articles, 17 met the inclusion criteria and provided a variety of perspectives on the relationship between sensory processing and attachment in early childhood. A significant connection was identified between sensory processing disorder and attachment, highlighting the importance of vision in social development and communication, as well as effective parenting strategies, healthy attachment styles, and appropriate sensory processing. The idea that healthy attachment during childhood promotes the development of sensory processing is supported. The usefulness of sensory integration to improve relationships and guide future research and practices in occupational therapy is evident. regulation selfesteem, selfesteem self esteem, esteem self-esteem guidelines 1 years Science Scopus Pubmed 2022 8 articles communication strategies styles supported evident 202 20 2

Resumo Esta revisão se concentra na intersecção de dois fatores fundamentais no desenvolvimento infantil: o processamento sensorial e o apego. Transformações rápidas e profundas que ocorrem no cérebro durante a infância influenciam a regulação emocional, a autoestima e a capacidade de estabelecer relações saudáveis. Seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática para explorar a relação entre o processamento sensorial e o apego em crianças de 0 a 14 anos. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed e PsycINFO, usando palavras-chave relacionadas à teoria do apego e ao processamento sensorial. Os estudos foram selecionados entre os disponíveis até maio de 2022. De um total inicial de 87 artigos, 17 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e forneceram uma variedade de perspectivas sobre a relação entre o processamento sensorial e o apego na primeira infância. Foi identificada uma conexão significativa entre o transtorno do processamento sensorial e o apego, destacando a importância da visão no desenvolvimento social e na comunicação, bem como estratégias parentais eficazes, estilos de apego saudáveis e um processamento sensorial adequado. É apoiada a ideia de que um apego saudável durante a infância favorece o desenvolvimento do processamento sensorial. Se evidencia a utilidade da integração sensorial para melhorar as relações e orientar futuras pesquisas e práticas em terapia ocupacional. infantil emocional PRISMA 1 anos Science Scopus PsycINFO palavraschave palavras chave 2022 8 artigos comunicação eficazes adequado ocupacional 202 20 2