ABSTRACT Introduction: toxoplasmosis is a parasitosis that causes serious infections in immunocompromised patients and newborns. The serological status of the mother influences the possibility of transmission to the fetus if the infection is contracted during pregnancy. It is necessary to know the prevalence of this condition in pregnant women as a first step to carry out actions aimed at knowing the real burden of the disease and reducing this pathology. Objective: determine the IgG and IgM seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and newborns from January 2017 to January 2021. Methodology: pregnant women in their immediate peripartum period and newborns up to one week of extrauterine life were included. IgG and IgM were measured in peripheral blood by the ECLIA method. The calculated sample size was 800 per group, for the study period. Results: 2524 newborns and 2029 pregnant women were included. The prevalence of IgG was 97.5 % and 97 % for pregnant women and newborns, respectively, and IgM: 4.7 % and 1.9% for women and newborns, respectively. The seroprevalence trends remained constant for IgG for both groups, while IgM showed a slight increasing trend. Conclusions: IgG seroprevalence was close to 100% in both populations, probably due to the transplacental transfer of IgG, however, a small percentage of IgM was noted, a probable marker of acute infection.

RESUMEN Introducción: la toxoplasmosis es una parasitosis que causa infecciones graves en inmunocomprometidos y recién nacidos. El estado serológico de la madre influye en la posibilidad de transmisión al feto si la infección es contraída durante el embarazo. Es necesario conocer la prevalencia de esta afección en gestantes como primer paso para realizar acciones tendientes a conocer la carga real de la enfermedad y disminuir esta patología. Objetivo: determinar la seroprevalencia IgG e IgM de toxoplasmosis de gestantes y recién nacidos periodo de enero 2017 a enero 2021. Metodología: se incluyeron las gestantes en su periodo periparto inmediato y recién nacidos hasta la semana de vida extrauterina. Se midió IgG e IgM en sangre periférica por método ECLIA. El tamaño muestral calculado fue de 800 por grupo, para el periodo de estudio. Muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. Resultados: fueron incluidos 2524 recién nacidos y 2029 gestantes. Las prevalencias de IgG fueron de 97,5 % y 97 % para gestantes y recién nacidos respectivamente, y la IgM: 4,7% y 1,9 % para mujeres y recién nacidos respectivamente. Las tendencias de las seroprevalencias se mantuvieron constantes para IgG para ambos grupos, mientras que la IgM presentó una leve tendencia al aumento. Conclusiones: la seroprevalencia de IgG fue cercana al 100 % en ambas poblaciones, probablemente debido a la transferencia transplacentaria de IgG, sin embargo, se nota un porcentaje pequeño de IgM, probable marcador de infección aguda.

Abstract Tungiasis is a skin parasitosis caused by a flea. It is very prevalent in underdeveloped countries and rare in developed countries, particularly in Europe. The disease is acquired through direct contact with infected soil, mainly on the feet after the host has been barefoot. The disease is typically self-limited and its diagnosis is essentially clinical due to its typical clinical presentation. This report presents a case of imported tungiasis in Portugal, in a 21-year-old male patient after returning from a vacation in a country with a high prevalence of this parasite. The patient had three typical tungiasis lesions, with no associated complications. The parasites were surgically excised without complications. The aim of this report is to contribute to knowledge of this pathology, which is largely unknown to the majority of the medical community. Its identification is essential due to the increase in globalization, tourism, and the importation of this pathology.

Resumo A tungíase é uma parasitose cutânea causada por uma pulga, sendo prevalente em países subdesenvolvidos, sendo rara a sua apresentação em países desenvolvidos, nomeadamente na Europa. A doença é adquirida através contacto direto com o solo infetado, sendo adquirida principalmente nos pés após o hospedeiro ter andado descalço. A doença é tipicamente autolimitada e o seu diagnóstico é essencialmente clínico devido à sua apresentação clínica típica. Neste relato apresenta-se um caso de importação de tungíase em Portugal num utente masculino de 21 anos após regressar de férias num país com alta prevalência deste parasita. O utente apresentava tês lesões típicas de tungíase, sem complicações associadas. Foi realizada a excisão cirúrgica dos parasitas sem intercorências. Com este relato pretende-se contribuir para o conhecimento desta patologia muito desconhecida pela maioria da comunidade médica, sendo essencial a sua identificação devido ao aumento da globalização, do turismo e da importação desta patologia.

ABSTRACT Hydatid disease is an endemic parasitosis in Argentina. The liver and lungs are the organs more commonly affected, but isolated splenic involvement is rare. The aim of this study is to report two cases of isolated splenic hydatid disease. The diagnosis was suspected by epidemiology and imaging tests. The serologic tests were negative in both cases. Surgical management was decided and both patients underwent laparoscopic total splenectomy. This disease should be suspected in endemic areas in the presence of splenic cysts despite negative serologic tests. Total splenectomy prevents local recurrence and complications associated with the residual cavity. The laparoscopic approach is preferred as it results in a shorter length of hospital stay and fewer abdominal wall complications.

RESUMEN La hidatidosis es una parasitosis endémica en la Argentina. Los órganos más afectados son hígado y pulmón, pero la afectación esplénica única es infrecuente. El objetivo del trabajo es presentar 2 casos de hidatidosis esplénica única. Su diagnóstico presuntivo se realizó mediante el antecedente epidemiológico y los estudios por imágenes. Las serologías resultaron negativas en ambos casos. El tratamiento fue quirúrgico: se realizó esplenectomía laparoscópica total. Esta patología debe sospecharse en zonas endémicas ante la aparición de quistes esplénicos a pesar de presentar serologías negativas. La esplenectomía total evita la recidiva local y cavidades residuales; se prefiere el abordaje laparoscópico al disminuir la estadía hospitalaria y las complicaciones de la pared abdominal.

Abstract Cryptosporidiosis is a disease characterized by episodes of diarrhea in cattle worldwide, caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Cryptosporidium spp. of the phylum Apicomplexa and Family Cryptosporiidae. It is responsible for important economic losses, and, in addition to this, it generates an impact on human health, as it can parasitize humans. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle in Chiquinquirá (Colombia). A descriptive cross-sectional study with simple random sampling was carried out, with a sample size of 1,044 head of cattle, including males and females of different breeds and age groups, using the WinEpi statistical software. Fecal samples were taken directly from the rectum and processed with the modified Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) technique for the identification of parasite oocysts using a 100X objective. The data were processed with the Epi Info® statistical software. An overall prevalence of 7.3 % (73/1000) was found; females, 2 to 4-yr-old bovines, and crossbred cattle were the most prevalent. No significant statistical association was found between breed, age, and sex of the individuals evaluated, and protozoan positivity (P≥0.05). The purchase of animals and larger productions were considered risk factors for parasitosis. Protozoan prevention and control plans should be designed and implemented based on sanitary practices to prevent the dissemination of oocysts found in fecal matter.

Resumen La criptosporidiosis en una enfermedad que se caracteriza por generar episodios de diarrea en bovinos alrededor del mundo causada por un parásito protozoario del género Cryptosporidium spp. del phylum Apicomplexa y Familia Cryptosporiidae. Es responsable de importantes pérdidas económicas, y sumado a esto, genera un impacto en la salud humana, al poseer la capacidad de parasitar a humanos. El objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia y factores de riesgo asociados a Cryptosporidium spp. en bovinos de Chiquinquirá (Colombia). Se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con muestreo aleatorio simple, en donde se tuvo en cuenta un tamaño muestral de 1,044 bovinos, entre machos y hembras, de diferentes razas, y grupos etarios con el programa estadístico WinEpi. Las muestras de materia fecal se tomaron directamente del recto y procesadas mediante la técnica de Ziehl-Neelsen modificada (ZN) para la identificación de ooquistes del parásito en el objetivo de 100X. Los datos se procesaron con el programa estadístico Epi Info®. Se encontró una prevalencia general del 7.3 % (73/1000), las hembras, los bovinos de 2 a 4 años y los cruces raciales fueron los más prevalentes. No se encontró asociación estadística significativa entre la raza, edad y sexo de los individuos evaluados, y la positividad al protozoario (P≥0,05). La compra de animales y las producciones de mayor tamaño se consideraron como factores de riesgo para la parasitosis. Se deben diseñar e implementar planes de prevención y control del protozoario basados en prácticas sanitarias que impidan la diseminación de los ooquistes que se encuentran en materia fecal.

Abstract Delusional infestation is a disorder characterized by the persistent belief of infestation by living or inanimate organisms, although there is no evidence for that. In the presence of complaints, patients often seek medical advice from a family doctor or a dermatologist, rather than a psychiatrist, since they do not believe that their symptoms are delusional. We describe the case of an 86-year-old female patient who presented to primary health care with a history of delusional ideas of infestation with visual and cenesthetic hallucinations. After an etiological investigation, the case was discussed with a psychiatrist from the local hospital. The patient was diagnosed with delusional infestation and started risperidone, with complete remission of symptoms. This case intends to emphasize the need for family doctors to recognize this pathology in order to be able to manage it correctly. It also reinforces the importance of communication between different specialties in the management of disorders like this, which correspond to rarer disorders, but whose initial approach can be carried out in primary health care, as long as it is validated by the respective specialty.

Resumo O delírio de infestação é uma perturbação que se caracteriza pela crença persistente de infestação por organismos vivos ou inanimados na ausência de evidência para tal. Perante as queixas é frequente os doentes recorrerem primeiramente ao médico de família ou a um dermatologista, ao invés de um psiquiatra, por não acreditarem que os seus sintomas são delirantes. Descrevemos o caso de uma doente de 86 anos que recorreu aos cuidados de saúde primários com história de ideias delirantes de infestação, acompanhadas de alucinações visuais e cenestésicas. Após investigação etiológica, o caso foi discutido com um colega de Psiquiatria do hospital da área de residência. Assumido o diagnóstico de delírio de infestação, foi iniciada terapêutica com risperidona, verificando-se a remissão completa dos sintomas. Este caso pretende alertar para a necessidade de os médicos de família reconhecerem esta patologia de forma a poderem orientá-la corretamente. Reforça ainda a importância da comunicação entre várias especialidades na gestão de perturbações semelhantes, que envolvem diagnósticos menos comuns, mas cuja abordagem inicial pode ser feita nos cuidados de saúde primários, desde que haja validação pela especialidade em questão.

Abstract Jalisco is one of the main honey bee producing states in Mexico. However, information on the parasitoses that affect the productivity of honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in the state is limited and addresses only a few regions. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of two parasitic diseases of Apis mellifera -varroosis (Varroa destructor) and nosemosis (Vairimorpha spp.)- in six regions of Jalisco. Bees from 365 colonies collected during the spring were analyzed. Varroosis was the most frequent parasitosis (90 %), and nosemosis was the least frequent (15 %). The infestation or infection levels of these parasitoses were generally low: <5 % (mites per 100 bees) for varroosis, and <310,000 spores/bee for nosemosis. The regions with the highest prevalence and intensity of V. destructor were the Highlands, the Center, and the South, while infections by Vairimorpha ceranae -the only species of the fungus found- were significantly higher in the Southeastern and Southern regions. It is advisable to carry out epidemiological studies at other times of the year in order to detect possible seasonal effects of parasitoses for the purpose of designing strategies for their control.

Resumen Jalisco es uno de los principales estados productores de miel de abejas en México. Sin embargo, la información sobre parasitosis que afectan la productividad de las colonias de abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera) en el estado es limitada y de pocas regiones. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia e intensidad de dos enfermedades parasitarias de Apis mellifera, varroosis (Varroa destructor) y nosemosis (Vairimorpha spp.), en seis regiones de Jalisco. Se analizaron abejas de 365 colonias colectadas durante la primavera. La varroosis fue la parasitosis más frecuente (90 %) y la nosemosis la menos frecuente (15 %). Los niveles de infestación o infección de las parasitosis fueron en general bajos. Para varroosis, <5 % (ácaros en 100 abejas) y para nosemosis, <310,000 esporas/abeja. Las regiones con mayor prevalencia e intensidad de V. destructor fueron Altos, Centro y Sur, mientras que las infecciones por Vairimorpha ceranae, la única especie del hongo encontrada, fueron significativamente más altas en las regiones Sureste y Sur. Se recomienda realizar estudios epidemiologicos en otras épocas del año para detectar posibles efectos estacionales de las parasitosis para diseñar estrategias para su control.

Abstract Introduction: Intestinal parasites particularly affect vulnerable populations, making their management crucial in endemic areas. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between intestinal parasites, socioeconomic characteristics, and anthropometric nutritional status. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study conducted on children aged 1 to 15 years in Tartagal, Argentina, for a year. Intestinal parasitic infections were determined through fecal analysis using sedimentation techniques (Teleman), Kato-Katz, and the Baerman method. Demographic and socioeconomic data were collected using a standardized survey. Height, weight, and mid-upper arm and head circumference were measured in the participants. Results: Of the 588 participants who provided fecal samples, 55.4% had intestinal parasites, with G. lamblia and H. nana being the most prevalent species. Additionally, 31.9% of participants were found to have malnutrition due to excess weight. Risk factors for intestinal parasite presence included age, overcrowding, and walking barefoot, while owning a refrigerator, having an animal corral, adequate water storage, and belonging to the Guaraní ethnic group were protective factors. High vulnerability areas were observed regarding housing conditions and access to public services. Conclusions: An association between socioeconomic conditions and the risk of intestinal parasite presence was observed. However, no association was found between anthropometric nutritional status and the presence of intestinal parasites.

Resumen Introducción: Los parásitos intestinales afectan particularmente a grupos poblacionales vulnerables siendo de importancia su abordaje en zonas endémicas. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación de parásitos intestinales con características socioeconómicas y estado nutricional antropométrico. Metodos: Estudio observacional, y transversal en niños de 1 a 15 años de Tartagal, Argentina durante un año. Las parasitosis intestinales se determinaron por análisis de materia fecal usando técnicas de sedimentación (Teleman) y Kato Katz, y el método de Baerman. Los datos demográficos y socioeconómicos se colectaron con una encuesta estandarizada. Se midió talla, peso, perímetro braquial y cefálico a los participantes. Resultados: De los 588 participantes que entregaron materia fecal, el 55.4% presentó parásitos intestinales, siendo Giardia lamblia e Hymenolepis nana las especies más prevalentes. El 31.9% de los participantes presentaron malnutrición por exceso. Los factores de riesgo para la presencia de parásitos intestinales fueron la edad, el hacinamiento y caminar descalzo, mientras que tenencia de heladera, corral para animales, almacenamiento de agua adecuado y pertenecer a la etnia Guaraní, actuaron como factores protectores. Se observaron zonas de alta vulnerabilidad de las viviendas y de acceso a servicios públicos. Conclusiones: Se evidenció una asociación entre las condiciones socioeconómicas y el riesgo de presencia de parásitos intestinales. Sin embargo, no se observó asociación entre el estado nutricional antropométrico y la presencia de parásitos intestinales.

Abstract 19. Gastrointestinal parasitism is very common in horses in northeastern Argentina, where it is often subclinical, leading to losses in body development and reduced animal performance. The objective of this study was to characterize the population of gastrointestinal nematodes in horses from the town of Gobernador Virasoro, Corrientes, used in the artisanal production of bricks. An observational cross-sectional descriptive study design was used and non-probability convenience sampling was performed. The number of eggs per gram of feces was determined by coprological examinations (modified McMaster technique), and all samples with the presence of gastrointestinal nematode eggs were considered positive. Morphologically, eggs of the order Strongylida were distinguished from eggs of Parascaris equorum and Oxyuris equi and the possible combinations between them. Parasitic genera of the order Strongylida were identified from pool coprocultures, differentiating between large and small strongyles. The results showed that 94.79% of the samples were positive, of which 83.43% corresponded to the order Strongylida only, 10.98% to the combination with eggs of P. equorum and 5.59% to the combination with eggs of O. equi. The highest average number of eggs belonged to the Strongylida order, with 90.55% corresponding to small strongyles. The results of this study suggest that gastrointestinal parasitism is a major problem in the working horse population of Gobernador Virasoro and could have a negative impact on animal health and performance.

Resumen 15. En el nordeste argentino son muy frecuentes las parasitosis gastrointestinales en los equinos, presentes de forma subclínica, provocando pérdidas en el desarrollo corporal y disminución en el rendimiento de los animales. El objetivo fue caracterizar la población de los nematodos gastrointestinales en equinos de la localidad de Gobernador Virasoro (Corrientes) a través del examen coprológico, utilizados como animal de trabajo en la fabricación artesanal de ladrillos. Se utilizó un diseño de estudio observacional transversal descriptivo, para ello se realizaron muestreos de conveniencia de tipo no probabilísticos. Se realizó el recuento de huevos por gramo de materia fecal mediante estudios coprológicos (técnica de McMaster modificada), donde se consideró como positivas a todas aquellas muestras con presencia de huevos de nematodos gastrointestinales. Se diferenció morfológicamente entre huevos del orden Strongylida y huevos de Parascaris equorum y Oxyuris equi, y las combinaciones que pudieran presentarse entre ellos. Los géneros parasitarios del orden Strongylida se identificaron a partir de coprocultivos en pool diferenciando entre grandes y pequeños estrongilos. El 94,79% de las muestras fueron positivas, de las cuales el 83,43% correspondieron únicamente al orden Strongylida, el 10,98% a la combinación con huevos de P. equorum, y el 5,59% a la combinación con huevos de O. equi. Los mayores promedios de recuentos de huevos pertenecieron al orden Strongylida, donde mediante coprocultivo se determinó que el 90,55% correspondió a pequeños estróngilos. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la parasitosis gastrointestinal es un problema importante en la población de equinos de trabajo de Gobernador Virasoro, y podrían tener un impacto negativo en la salud y el rendimiento de los animales.

Abstract 19. This study reports an episode of fish mortality occurred in the Garupá and Pindapoy Grande streams, near the confluence with the Paraná River (Garupá, Argentina). Dead and moribund fish of various species were observed floating on the water surface. Environmental parameters measured were temperature 5 °C, water temperature 15.1 (±0.6) °C, dissolved oxygen 8.7 (±1.2) ppm, pH 7.5 (±0.2), electrical conductivity 67.6 (± 8.8) mS cm-1 and mean depth of 1.7 (±1.0) m. Macroscopic examination of moribund fish revealed corneal opacity, whitish tegument, increased gill mucus, and whitish areas on gill filaments. Microscopic analysis of gills revealed severe generalized epithelial hyperplasia, lamellar fusion, congestion, and inflammatory infiltrate, particularly lymphocytes and eosinophilic granular cells. In addition, microscopic examination allowed the identification of the following ectoparasites found in gills and tegument: Chilodonella, Ichthyophthirius, Dactylogyridae and Trichodinidae, representing 98%, 1.2%, 0.6% and 0.2%, respectively. This study constitutes a novel record of wild fish mortality associated with extreme environmental conditions and parasitosis. Furthermore, our findings are significant as there are no prior reports in Argentina of epizootic cases linked to Chilodonella sp. infection in wild or farmed fish populations, being the first report of chilodonelliasis for this region.

Resumen 23. Este estudio reporta un episodio de mortandad de peces ocurrido en los arroyos Garupá y Pindapoy Grande, cerca de la confluencia con el río Paraná (Garupá, Argentina). En este tramo se encontraron flotando en la superficie del agua, peces moribundos y muertos de diferentes especies. Los parámetros medidos fueron: temperatura ambiental 5 °C, temperatura del agua 15,1 (±0,6) °C, oxígeno disuelto 8,7 (±1,2) ppm, 24. pH 7,5 (±0,2), conductividad 67,6 (± 8,8) mS cm-1 y profundidad media de 1,7 (±1,0) m. En el examen macroscópico de peces moribundos se observó opacidad corneal, tegumento blanquecino, aumento de moco branquial y áreas blanquecinas en los filamentos branquiales. El análisis microscópico de las branquias reveló hiperplasia epitelial generalizada grave, fusión laminar, congestión e infiltrado inflamatorio, particularmente linfocitos y células granulares eosinófilas. Además, el examen microscópico permitió identificar los siguientes ectoparásitos encontrados en piel y branquias: Chilodonella, Ichthyophthirius, Dactylogyridae y Trichodinidae, que representó el 98%; 1,2%; 0,6% y 0,2%, respectivamente. El presente estudio es un nuevo registro de mortandad de peces silvestres relacionada con condiciones ambientales extremas y parasitosis. Además, nuestro hallazgo aporta información valiosa, ya que en Argentina no existen registros de casos epizoóticos asociados a infección por Chilodonella sp. en poblaciones de peces silvestres o de criaderos, siendo el primer reporte de quilodonelliasis para esta región.

ABSTRACT The island of Fernando de Noronha, belonging to the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, has several animal species introduced by man, such as the black rat (Rattus rattus) and the domestic cat (Felis catus), representing a risk to the ecological balance of the island and to the public health. This study aimed to report the occurrence of Strobilocercus fasciolaris in black rats (R. rattus) in this insular environment and to contribute with epidemiological data on this parasitosis. Rodents were captured using Tomahawk traps and sedated with an association of Ketamine Hydrochloride (40mg/kg/IM) and Xylazine Hydrochloride (2mg/kg/IM) for subsequent euthanasia and necroscopic evaluation. Of the 154 captured black rats, 54 (35.06%) had single or multiple cysts in the liver. The cysts were morphologically evaluated and the metacestodes were identified as Strobilocercus fasciolaris, the larval form of Hydatigera taeniformis. This is the first report of the occurrence of Strobilocercus fasciolaris in black rats (Rattus rattus) in an island environment in Brazil. The occurrence of this metacestode in rodents on the Island demonstrates the high environmental contamination, fast reproduction, and dispersion of this parasite, being a potential risk for the conservation of susceptible species and for public health. Noronha Pernambuco Brazil man Rattus rattus Felis catus, catus , catus) health R. R (R parasitosis 40mg/kg/IM 40mgkgIM mgkgIM 40mg kg IM mg (40mg/kg/IM 2mg/kg/IM 2mgkgIM 2mg (2mg/kg/IM evaluation 15 5 35.06% 3506 35 06 (35.06% liver taeniformis contamination reproduction parasite 1 35.06 350 3 0 (35.06 35.0 (35.0 35. (35. (35 (3 (

RESUMO A Ilha de Fernando de Noronha, pertencente ao estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, possui diversas espécies animais introduzidas pelo homem, como o rato-preto (Rattus rattus) e o gato-doméstico (Felis catus), representando um risco ao equilíbrio ecológico da Ilha e à saúde pública. Objetivou-se relatar a ocorrência de Strobilocercus fasciolaris em ratos-pretos (R. rattus) nesse ambiente insular e contribuir com dados epidemiológicos sobre essa parasitose. Os roedores foram capturados utilizando-se armadilhas do tipo Tomahawk, sedados com uma associação de cloridrato de cetamina (40mg/kg/IM) e de cloridrato de xilazina (2mg/kg/IM) para posterior eutanásia e avaliação necroscópica. Dos 154 ratos-pretos capturados, 54 (35,06%) apresentavam cistos únicos ou múltiplos no fígado. Os cistos foram avaliados morfologicamente e os metacestódeos foram identificados como Strobilocercus fasciolaris, forma larval de Hydatigera taeniformis. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de Strobilocercus fasciolaris em ratos-pretos (Rattus rattus) em ambiente insular no Brasil. A ocorrência desse metacestodeo em roedores na Ilha demonstra a alta contaminação ambiental, a rápida reprodução e a dispersão desse parasito, sendo um potencial risco para a conservação das espécies suscetíveis e para a saúde pública. Noronha Pernambuco Brasil homem ratopreto rato preto Rattus rattus gatodoméstico gato doméstico Felis catus, catus , catus) pública Objetivouse Objetivou se ratospretos ratos pretos R. R (R parasitose utilizandose utilizando Tomahawk 40mg/kg/IM 40mgkgIM mgkgIM 40mg kg IM mg (40mg/kg/IM 2mg/kg/IM 2mgkgIM 2mg (2mg/kg/IM necroscópica 15 5 35,06% 3506 35 06 (35,06% fígado taeniformis ambiental parasito 1 35,06 350 3 0 (35,06 35,0 (35,0 35, (35, (35 (3 (

ABSTRACT Coating medicated fish feed with a polymer minimizes the chances of drug leaching into the water. Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is an economically important Amazonian fish frequently parasitized by the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. In this study, we compared the effect of ethylcellulose (EC 0.75%) coating of feed medicated with the antihelminthic albendazole (ABZ 10 mg kg bw-1) and uncoated feed on treatment efficacy and bioaccumulation of ABZ in naturally parasitized tambaqui during 35 days. Treatment efficacy was 34% and 66% in fish fed uncoated and coated feed, respectively, but did not vary significantly among treatments. Total ABZ residue reached concentrations from 122.0 to 151.7 ng g-1, and did not vary significantly among treatments. The biomagnification factor was low, ranging from 0.0003 to 0.0004. EC coating did not significantly affect the efficacy of ABZ treatment and did not interfere with ABZ bioaccumulation in the edible tissue of tambaqui. water Colossoma macropomum buttnerae study 0.75% 075 0 75 1 bw1 bw bw-1 3 days 34 66 respectively treatments 1220 122 122. 1517 151 7 151. g1, g1 g 1, g-1 low 00003 0003 0.000 00004 0004 0.0004 0.75 07 bw- 6 12 15 g- 0000 000 0.00 0.7 00 0.0 0.

RESUMO Revestir ração medicada para peixes com um polímero minimiza a lixiviação do fármaco na água. Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) é um peixe amazônico economicamente importante, frequentemente parasitado pelo acantocéfalo Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae. Neste estudo, comparamos o efeito do revestimento com etilcelulose (EC 0,75%) de ração medicada com o anti-helmíntico albendazol (ABZ, 10 mg kg-1 pc) e ração não revestida sobre a eficácia do tratamento e bioacumulação de ABZ em tambaquis naturalmente parasitados. A eficácia foi de 34% e 66%, em peixes alimentados com ração não revestida e revestida, respectivamente, mas não variou significativamente entre tratamentos. O resíduo total de ABZ atingiu concentrações de 122,0 a 151,7 ng g-1, mas não variou significativamente entre os tratamentos. O fator de biomagnificação foi baixo, variando entre 0,0003 e 0,0004. O revestimento com EC não afetou significativamente o tratamento com ABZ e não interferiu na bioacumulação de ABZ no tecido comestível do tambaqui. água Colossoma macropomum importante buttnerae estudo 0,75% 075 0 75 antihelmíntico anti helmíntico ABZ, (ABZ 1 kg1 kg kg- pc parasitados 34 66 66% respectivamente tratamentos 1220 122 122, 1517 151 7 151, g1, g1 g 1, g-1 baixo 00003 0003 0,000 00004 0004 0,0004 tambaqui 0,75 07 3 6 12 15 g- 0000 000 0,00 0,7 00 0,0 0,

Abstract Urban parks are not only important for the wellbeing of the human population, but are also widely considered to be potentially important sites for the conservation of biodiversity. However, they may offer risk parasitic infections, such as schistosomiasis and fascioliasis, which are both transmitted by freshwater snails. The present study investigated the occurrence of freshwater gastropods in urban parks of the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro, and their possible infection by helminths of medical-veterinary importance. Gastropods were collected from six parks (2021 - 2022) and examined for the presence of larval helminths. In all, 12 gastropod species from different families were collected: Ampullariidae, Assimineidae, Burnupidae, Lymnaeidae, Physidae, Planorbidae, Succineidae, and Thiaridae. The parasitological examination revealed cercaria of three types in five snail species, with the Pleurolophocerca cercariae type in Melanoides tuberculata (the most abundant species), Echinostoma cercariae in Physella acuta and Pomacea maculata, and Virgulate cercariae, in Pomacea sp. and Pomacea maculata. None of the Biomphalaria tenagophila and Pseudosuccinea columella (the most frequent species) specimens were parasitized by Schistosoma mansoni or Fasciola hepatica, respectively. Even so, some parks may represent a considerable potential risk for transmission of both Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola hepatica, given the presence of these gastropod vectors and the frequent contact of visitors with the waterbodies. population biodiversity However infections fascioliasis snails Janeiro medicalveterinary medical veterinary importance 2021 (202 2022 all 1 Ampullariidae Assimineidae Burnupidae Lymnaeidae Physidae Planorbidae Succineidae Thiaridae , maculata sp hepatica respectively so waterbodies 202 (20 20 (2 2 (

RESUMO As ovelhas da raça Junín contribuem para a produção pecuária nos Andes peruanos, mas enfrentam problemas relacionados ao parasitismo gastrointestinal. Neste estudo, estimamos a herdabilidade e a repetibilidade de características associadas à resistência ao parasitismo gastrointestinal no núcleo genético de ovinos da raça Junín criados a altitudes superiores a 3600 m. Para isso, foram coletadas amostras de fezes e sangue de 101 cordeiras e 88 cordeiros (com idades entre 4 e 6 meses) durante as estações chuvosa e seca. Os dados de peso vivo (LW), escore FAMACHA (FS), hematócrito sanguíneo (HCT) e contagem de ovos nas fezes (FEC) foram analisados usando um modelo animal multicaracterística de medidas repetidas, os componentes de variância e os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados por meio de uma abordagem inferencial bayesiana. Os resultados mostraram que as estimativas de herdabilidade variaram de 0,09 (FS) a 0,27 (LW), com intervalos de densidade posterior alta de 95% (HPD95%) entre [0,02-0,19] e [0,12-0,43], respectivamente. A repetibilidade variou de 0,15 (FS) [HPD95%: 0,04-0,27] a 0,74 (LW) [HPD95%: 0,67-0,81]. As correlações genéticas foram moderadas a baixas, com intervalos HPD95% incluindo zero. Isso indicou que, pelo menos com base nos dados coletados, não ocorreram relações claras entre as características selecionadas para aplicação em um programa de melhoramento genético. No entanto, focar o programa de melhoramento na FEC, com herdabilidade de 0,16 [HPD95%: 0,05-0,28], pode ser uma estratégia viável para aumentar a resistência ao parasitismo. Dados adicionais sobre outras características também são necessários para alcançar estimativas mais precisas para esta população. peruanos estudo 360 m isso 10 8 meses seca LW, LW , FS, FS HCT (HCT FEC (FEC repetidas bayesiana 009 0 09 0,0 (FS 027 27 0,2 95 HPD95 HPD (HPD95% 0,020,19 002019 0,02 0,19 02 19 [0,02-0,19 0,120,43, 012043 0,12 0,43 12 43 [0,12-0,43] respectivamente 015 15 0,1 [HPD95% 0,040,27 004027 0,04 04 0,04-0,27 074 74 0,7 (LW 0,670,81. 067081 0,67 0,81 . 67 81 0,67-0,81] baixas zero coletados entanto 016 16 0,050,28, 005028 0,05 0,28 05 28 0,05-0,28] população 36 1 00 0, 2 9 HPD9 (HPD95 020 0,020,1 00201 002 019 [0,02-0,1 120 0,120,43 01204 012 043 0,4 [0,12-0,43 01 [HPD95 040 0,040,2 00402 004 0,04-0,2 07 7 670 0,670,81 06708 067 0,6 081 0,8 0,67-0,81 050 0,050,28 00502 005 028 0,05-0,28 3 (HPD9 0,020, 0020 [0,02-0, 0,120,4 0120 [0,12-0,4 [HPD9 0,040, 0040 0,04-0, 0,670,8 0670 06 08 0,67-0,8 0,050,2 0050 0,05-0,2 (HPD 0,020 [0,02-0 0,120, [0,12-0, [HPD 0,040 0,04-0 0,670, 0,67-0, 0,050, 0,05-0, [0,02- 0,120 [0,12-0 0,04- 0,670 0,67-0 0,050 0,05-0 [0,02 [0,12- 0,67- 0,05- [0,0 [0,12 [0, [0,1 [0 [

ABSTRACT The Junín sheep contribute to livestock production in the Peruvian Andes, but face problems related to gastrointestinal parasitism. In this study, we estimated the heritability and repeatability of traits associated with resistance to gastrointestinal parasitism in the genetic nucleus of Junín sheep raised at altitudes above 3600 m. For this purpose, fecal and blood samples were collected from 101 female lambs and 88 male lambs (4-6 months old) during the rainy and dry seasons. The data on live weight (LW), the FAMACHA score (FS), blood hematocrit (HCT), and the fecal egg count (FEC) were analyzed using a repeated multiple-trait animal model; the variance components and genetic parameters were estimated using a Bayesian inferential approach. The results showed that heritability estimates ranged from 0.09 (FS) to 0.27 (LW), with 95% high posterior density intervals (HPD95%) between [0.02-0.19] and [0.12-0.43], respectively. The repeatability ranged from 0.15 (FS) [HPD95%: 0.04-0.27] to 0.74 (LW) [HPD95%: 0.67-0.81]. The genetic correlations were moderate to low, with HPD95% intervals including zero. This indicated that, at least based on the data collected, no clear relationships occurred between traits that were selected for application in a breeding program. However, focusing the breeding program on the FEC, with a heritability of 0.16 [HPD95%: 0.05-0.28], could be a viable strategy to increase resistance to parasitism. Additional data on other traits are also needed to achieve more precise estimates for this population. Andes study 360 m purpose 10 8 46 4 6 (4- old seasons LW, LW , FS, FS HCT, HCT (HCT) FEC (FEC multipletrait multiple trait model approach 009 0 09 0.0 (FS 027 27 0.2 95 HPD95 HPD (HPD95% 0.020.19 002019 0.02 0.19 02 19 [0.02-0.19 0.120.43, 012043 0.12 0.43 12 43 [0.12-0.43] respectively 015 15 0.1 [HPD95% 0.040.27 004027 0.04 04 0.04-0.27 074 74 0.7 (LW 0.670.81. 067081 0.67 0.81 . 67 81 0.67-0.81] low zero However 016 16 0.050.28, 005028 0.05 0.28 05 28 0.05-0.28] population 36 1 (4 (HCT 00 0. 2 9 HPD9 (HPD95 020 0.020.1 00201 002 019 [0.02-0.1 120 0.120.43 01204 012 043 0.4 [0.12-0.43 01 [HPD95 040 0.040.2 00402 004 0.04-0.2 07 7 670 0.670.81 06708 067 0.6 081 0.8 0.67-0.81 050 0.050.28 00502 005 028 0.05-0.28 3 ( (HPD9 0.020. 0020 [0.02-0. 0.120.4 0120 [0.12-0.4 [HPD9 0.040. 0040 0.04-0. 0.670.8 0670 06 08 0.67-0.8 0.050.2 0050 0.05-0.2 (HPD 0.020 [0.02-0 0.120. [0.12-0. [HPD 0.040 0.04-0 0.670. 0.67-0. 0.050. 0.05-0. [0.02- 0.120 [0.12-0 0.04- 0.670 0.67-0 0.050 0.05-0 [0.02 [0.12- 0.67- 0.05- [0.0 [0.12 [0. [0.1 [0 [

Resumen La leishmaniasis y la enfermedad de Chagas son causadas por protozoarios que comparten características filogenéticas y eco-epidemiológicas comunes, lo cual provoca dificultad en su identificación y diagnóstico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la información disponible sobre las técnicas de identificación de T. cruzi, de Leishmania spp. y la coinfección con ambos parásitos, así como su impacto en la obtención de datos eco-epidemiológicos. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de técnicas de identificación para T. cruzi, Leishmania spp. o ambos. Los estudios se clasificaron por agente etiológico, tipo de publicación, técnica utilizada y hospedero. Se realizó una prueba de X2 para evaluar la relación entre el parásito y la técnica utilizada. También se analizó la relación entre los trabajos publicados por año, la técnica diagnóstica y el parásito. De 138 trabajos analizados, se determinó que no existe un “estándar de oro” para el diagnóstico de estas parasitosis y la coinfección. Por tanto, se requiere la estandarización de protocolos que incrementen la sensibilidad y especificidad, así como el uso de al menos 2 técnicas en la identificación. Es imprescindible estudiar la prevalencia e incidencia de estas parasitosis en la fauna silvestre y la población humana bajo el contexto de cambio climático.

Abstract Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease are caused by protozoa that share common phylogenetic and eco-epidemiological characteristics, which makes them difficult to identify and diagnose. This work aimed to analyze the information available on identification techniques for T. cruzi, Leishmania spp., and coinfection with both parasites, as well as its impact on obtaining eco-epidemiological data. A systematic search for identification techniques for T. cruzi, Leishmania spp., or both was conducted. The studies were classified by etiological agent, type of publication, technique used, and host. A chi-square test was performed to assess the relationship between the parasite and the technique used. The relationship between the papers published per year, the diagnostic technique, and the parasite was also analyzed. Of 138 analyzed works, it will be prolonged that there is no “gold standard” for the diagnosis of these parasitic diseases and coinfection. Therefore, the standardization of protocols that increase the sensitivity and specificity is required, as well as the use of at least 2 techniques in identification. It is essential to study the prevalence and incidence of these parasites in wildlife and the human population in the context of climate change.

Resumo Substâncias químicas, potencialmente lesivas, são rotineiramente utilizadas no tratamento de parasitoses na indústria da aquicultura. Alternativas sustentáveis são constantemente buscadas para a substituição desses métodos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de um novo composto de origem natural chamado BiokosTM, no tratamento contra Epistylis sp. em Carassius auratus. A infestação foi identificada pela presença de placas esbranquiçadas no tegumento de cinco animais e o diagnóstico confirmado por raspados de pele. BiokosTM é um lipopeptídeo derivado da bactéria Pseudomonas, capaz de destruir a funcionalidade da membrana celular de protozoários ciliados. Sua ação é pouco agressiva aos animais e ao meio ambiente, degradando-se em aminoácidos e ácidos graxos em poucos dias. O aquário de 0.15 m3 (150 L) foi tratado com o condicionador de água Ich-AwayTM – fabricado pela empresa dinamarquesa Sundew ApS – que possui o BiokosTM como princípio ativo. Foram utilizados seis tabletes por dia, durante dois dias. Após o tratamento foram realizados novos raspados de pele, que não apresentaram mais lesões ou parasitos e os peixes se apresentavam clinicamente bem. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o BiokosTM pode ser uma alternativa inovadora e sustentável no controle da epistilíase em peixes ornamentais. químicas lesivas aquicultura métodos contexto sp auratus pele Pseudomonas ciliados ambiente degradandose degradando dias 015 0 15 0.1 m 150 (15 L IchAwayTM Ich AwayTM ativo dia bem ornamentais 01 1 0. (1 (

Abstract In the aquaculture industry, biocides are routinely used to treat parasitosis in fish, and researchers are continually developing sustainable alternatives that can replace these harsh chemicals. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a new natural compound, BiokosTM, for the treatment against Epistylis sp. in Carassius auratus fish. The infestation was identified by the presence of whitish plaques on the integument of five animals, and the diagnosis was confirmed through skin scrapings. BiokosTM is a lipopeptide derived from the bacteria Pseudomonas that can destroy the functionality of the cell membrane of ciliated protozoa. The action of BiokosTM does not harm animals and the environment because the compound degrades into amino acids and fatty acids within days. A 0.15 m3 (150 L) aquarium was treated with an Ich-AwayTM water conditioner manufactured by the Danish company Sundew ApS, which has BiokosTM as the active ingredient. Six tablets were added to the water daily for two days, and new skin scrapings were performed. The fish were clinically well and no longer possessed lesions or parasites. The results obtained indicate that BiokosTM can be an innovative and more sustainable alternative for controlling epistyliasis in ornamental fish. industry chemicals context sp protozoa days 015 0 15 0.1 m 150 (15 L IchAwayTM Ich AwayTM ApS ingredient performed parasites 01 1 0. (1 (