Resumo Horismenus camobiensis sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) é descrita com base em dados morfológicos, moleculares e ecológicos; esta nova espécie Chalcididae atua como hiperparasitoide de Opsiphanis invirae (Hübner, 1818) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) em pupas de seu parasitoide Cotesia invirae Salgado-Neto and Whitfield, 2019 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Caracteres diagnósticos morfológicos e moleculares e ilustrações de H. camobiensis são fornecidos.

Abstract Horismenus camobiensis sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), is described based on morphological, molecular and ecological data; this new species of chalcid wasp acts as hyperparasitoid of Opsiphanis invirae (Hübner, 1818) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in its parasitoid Cotesia invirae Salgado-Neto and Whitfield, 2019 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Diagnoses with morphological and molecular characters and illustrations are provided.

Abstract This study is focused on the parasitic wasp Plumarius brasiliensisPenteado-Dias & Scatolini, 2003 (Hymenoptera, Plumariidae). Data assembled from 12 consecutive months of systematic samplings at Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas, in Minas Gerais, Brazil, indicate that the largest populations of P. brasiliensis occur there in the dry season, with few specimens collected in the rainy season, which may indicate that this group or its hosts have a seasonal pattern. This species is also reported for the first time in areas of Cerrado, in the states of Minas Gerais and Maranhão; in the core of Caatinga, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte; and in transition zone between Caatinga and Cerrado, in the state of Piauí, Brazil. The new distributional records in areas of Cerrado and Caatinga/Cerrado ecotone represent a significant increase in the geographic range of P. brasiliensis that can be present in about 35% of the Brazilian territory. Additionally, we provide digital images and diagnosis of this species and a map with the geographical distribution of the studied species based on the new records and literature data. brasiliensisPenteadoDias brasiliensisPenteado Dias Scatolini 200 Hymenoptera, Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Plumariidae. Plumariidae . Plumariidae) 1 Veredas Brazil P season pattern Maranhão Norte Piauí CaatingaCerrado 35 territory Additionally data 20 3 2

Resumen Goniozus legneri Gordh (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) es un ectoparasitoide larval de lepidópteros con antecedentes como biocontrolador de varias plagas agrícolas alrededor del mundo. Mediante un extensivo monitoreo, se encontró a esta avispa en cuatro distritos distantes de la provincia de Mendoza parasitando a tres lepidópteros plaga: Lobesia botrana (Den. et Shiff.) en vid, a Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) en nogal y “espinillo” (Vachellia caven (Molina) Seigler et Ebinger) y a Cydia pomonella (L.) en nogal. Para corroborar la identificación de la especie del parasitoide y evaluar la viabilidad de la población silvestre, se realizaron estudios de la genitalia de machos y entrecruzamientos de avispas silvestres con otras seleccionadas de una cría de laboratorio. Asimismo, es la primera vez que se reporta su presencia como parasitoide de L. botrana en viñedos de Argentina en condiciones naturales de cultivo.

Abstract Goniozus legneri Gordh (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) is a larval ectoparasitoid of lepidopterans, with a worldwide history as a biocontrol agent of various agricultural pests. By means of extensive monitoring, this wasp was found in four distant districts of Mendoza province parasitizing three lepidopteran pests: Lobesia botrana (Den. et Shiff.) in grapevine, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) in walnut and “espinillo” (Vachellia caven (Molina) Seigler et Ebinger) and Cydia pomonella (L.) in walnut. To corroborate the parasitoid species identification and to analyze its population viability in this region, studies of male genitalia and sexual crossings between wild and laboratory-reared wasps were conducted. Further, we report for the first time the natural host-parasitoid interaction of L. botrana with this parasitoid in vineyards from Argentina.

Abstract In this work, we report for the first time the occurrence of the parasitoid wasp Brachymeria amenocles (Walker, 1846) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) associated with the larvae of the flesh fly, Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), in Brazil. This parasitoid species was collected together with the species Brachymeria podagrica (Fabricius, 1787), in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, geographically located in the Southeast region of Brazil, in larvae of the same host species reared in the same attraction substrate, behaving as solitary parasitoids. A trap containing putrefying sardine was exposed for 48 h, in the upper part of a house, located in Vila Isabel, an urban area. The larvae collected were reared in the laboratory without control of environmental conditions. A total of three adult parasitoid wasps of the species B. podagrica, and nine adult parasitoid wasps of the species B. amenocles emerged from 12 host pupae, resulting in a prevalence of parasitoidism of 4.8% and 14.5%, respectively. Developing parasitoids at the pupal phase were observed in another 34 host pupae dissected. work Walker, Walker (Walker 1846 Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Chalcididae fly (Peckia Wiedemann, Wiedemann (Wiedemann 1830 Diptera (Diptera Sarcophagidae, Sarcophagidae , Sarcophagidae) Brazil Fabricius, Fabricius (Fabricius 1787, 1787 1787) Janeiro substrate 4 h house Isabel area conditions B 1 8 4.8 145 14 5 14.5% respectively 3 dissected 184 183 178 4. 14.5 18 17 14.

RESUMO: O morango é uma das pequenas frutas de maior importância social e econômica no Brasil, com forte demanda pela indústria alimentícia, o que impulsiona altos níveis de produção. No entanto, problemas fitossanitários, principalmente danos causados por insetos, podem dificultar o cultivo do morango. Uma praga de grande preocupação é a broca do morangueiro, Lobiopainsularis (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), que danifica os frutos. O controle químico não tem sido eficaz contra L. insularis, pois inviabiliza a colheita e comercialização do produto. Os parasitoides têm sido efetivamente utilizados para controlar várias pragas de morangueiro, em um sistema de produção sustentável. Relatamos a ocorrência da vespa Cerchysiella insularis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) como parasita de L. insularis em morangos em São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brasil. Amostras de morangos (cultivar San Andreas), atacados por L. insularis, foram coletadas durante o período de fevereiro a março de 2019. As larvas de L. insularis foram colocadas individualmente em vasos de criação, alimentadas com morangos San Andreas e verificadas semanalmente quanto aos sintomas de parasitismo e à emergência de parasitoides de C. insularis. As taxas de parasitismo de C. insularis foram de 33,85%, em março, e 45,90%, em fevereiro. A razão sexual variou entre 0,88 e 0,86. Todas as larvas parasitadas estavam infestadas por C. insularis. A taxa de parasitismo natural acima de 33% e alta razão sexual de C. insularis em cultivos de morangueiro indicam que este parasitoide pode ter potencial no controle de L. insularis. RESUMO Brasil alimentícia entanto fitossanitários insetos Coleoptera (Coleoptera Nitidulidae, Nitidulidae , Nitidulidae) frutos L produto sustentável Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Encyrtidae Pinhais Paraná cultivar Andreas, Andreas) 2019 criação C 3385 33 85 33,85% 4590 45 90 45,90% 088 0 88 0,8 086 86 0,86 201 338 3 8 33,85 459 4 9 45,90 08 0, 20 33,8 45,9 2 33, 45,

ABSTRACT: Strawberry is one of the most socially and economically important small fruits in Brazil, with strong demand by the food industry driving high levels of production. However, phytosanitary problems, especially insect damage, can hamper strawberry cultivation. A pest of great concern is the strawberry sap beetle, Lobiopa insularis (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), which damages the fruits. Chemical control has not been effective against L. insularis, as it makes harvesting and marketing the product unfeasible. Parasitoids have been effectively utilized to control various strawberry pests and support sustainable production. We report the occurrence of the wasp Cerchysiella insularis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) as a parasite of L. insularis on strawberries in São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil. Samples of strawberries (San Andreas cultivar) attacked by L. insularis were collected from February to March, 2019. Lobiopa insularis larvae were individually placed in rearing pots, fed on San Andreas strawberries, and checked weekly for symptoms of parasitism or parasitoid emergence. Parasitism rates were 33.85% in March and 45.90% in February. The sex ratio varied between 0.88 and 0.86. All parasitized larvae were infested by C. insularis. The natural parasitism rate above 33% and high sex ratio of C. insularis in strawberry crops indicated that it may have the potential in the control of L. insularis. ABSTRACT Brazil production However problems damage cultivation beetle Coleoptera (Coleoptera Nitidulidae, Nitidulidae , Nitidulidae) L unfeasible Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Encyrtidae Pinhais Paraná cultivar 2019 pots emergence 3385 33 85 33.85 4590 45 90 45.90 088 0 88 0.8 086 86 0.86 C 201 338 3 8 33.8 459 4 9 45.9 08 0. 20 33. 45. 2

Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae) (Brazilian pepper tree) is a tree native to subtropical South America that was introduced into South Africa as an ornamental plant. Globally, it is regarded as one of the world's worst invasive trees. In South Africa the tree has acquired a native seed-feeding wasp, Megastigmus transvaalensis (Hussey, 1956) (Hymenoptera: Torymidae). The wasp's native hosts are from the Searsia F.A. Barkley genus (Anacardiaceae), but it has expanded its host range to form a new association with both S. terebinthifolia and its close relative Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae). In order to quantify the seed predation by M. transvaalensis on S. terebinthifolia seeds, tree populations were surveyed across the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces. The wasp was present at 99% of the S. terebinthifolia populations with an average of 22% of the seeds being destroyed. In the Eastern Cape province, the highest seed damage occurred at the start of the winter months, when about 35% of seeds were damaged. This fell to less than 12% in spring and summer when the plants were flowering. Megastigmus transvaalensis was found at nearly all the S. terebinthifolia populations in South Africa, but due to the limited number of predated seeds it is unlikely to reduce population sizes or curb the spread of the invasive alien tree in South Africa.

Resumen Por primera vez se registra a la avispa Eupelmus puchriceps (Cameron) como parasitoide del picudo de la espina del nopal Cylindrocopturu sbiradiatus Champion. Además, se presentan nuevos registros de distribución y distribución altitudinal en México así como aspectos preliminares de su biología.

Abstract The wasp Eupelmus puchriceps (Cameron) is recorded for the first time as a parasitoid of the nopal spine weevil Cylindrocopturus biradiatus Champion. In addition, new distribution and altitudinal records from Mexico are presented, as well as preliminary aspects of its biology.

Abstract We record for the first time the Darwin wasp species Photocryptus nigrosignatus (Kriechbaumer, 1901) parasitizing nests of the solitary wasp Sceliphron fistularium (Dahlbom, 1843) in the Amazonas state, Brazil, and provide new distribution records for them and S. asiaticum (Linnaeus, 1758), the other species registered to Brazil. Additionally, we also report the emergence of solitary wasp Pachodynerus nasidens Latreille, 1817 (Vespidae), and parasitoid wasps Leucospis sp. (Leucospidae) and Photocryptus sp. in S. fistularium nests.

Resumen Registramos por primera vez a la avispa de Darwin Photocryptus nigrosignatus (Kriechbaumer, 1901) parasitando nidos de la avispa solitaria Sceliphron fistularium (Dahlbom, 1843) en el estado de Amazonas, Brasil, y proporcionamos nuevos registros de distribución para ellas y S. asiaticum (Linnaeus, 1758), la otra especie registrada en Brasil. Adicionalmente, también reportamos la emergencia de la avispa solitaria Pachodynerus nasidens Latreille, 1817 (Vespidae), y las avispas parasitoides Leucospis sp. (Leucospidae) y Photocryptus sp. en nidos de S. fistularium.

RESUMEN Durante un estudio realizado para determinar la prevalencia de cochinillas harinosas en huertos de piña (Ananas comosus) realizado en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia, la avispa parasitoide, Hambletonia pseudococcina Compere, 1936 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) y la mosca depredadora Pseudiastata sp. (Diptera: Drosophilidae) se encontraron en asociación con la cochinilla harinosa de la piña, Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell, 1893) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Los dos enemigos naturales se diagnostican e ilustran brevemente. Este es el primer registro del género Pseudiastata en Colombia.

ABSTRACT During a study carried out to determine the prevalence of mealybugs in pineapple (Ananas comosus) orchards conducted in the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia, the parasitoid wasp Hambletonia pseudococcina Compere, 1936 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and the predatory fly Pseudiastata sp. (Diptera: Drosophilidae) were found in association with the pineapple mealybug Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell, 1893) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). These two natural enemies are briefly diagnosed and illustrated. This is the first record of the genus Pseudiastata in Colombia.

ABSTRACT: This work is the first record of Encarsia inaron (Walker, 1839) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on soybeans in Brazil. Morphological and molecular characterizations are provided, in addition to verification of the presence of E. inaron in areas infested by whiteflies, indicating that the wasp can potentially be used in integrated management programs. Additionally to morphological verification, the molecular analysis allowed the identification of some degree of genetic variability in the genome of the parasitoid.

RESUMEN: Este es el primer registro de Encarsia inaron (Walker, 1839) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitando Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) en soja en Brasil. Se proporcionan caracterizaciones morfológicas y moleculares, además de la verificación de la presencia de E. inaron en áreas infestadas por mosca blanca, lo que indica que la avispa puede potencialmente ser utilizada en programas de manejo integrado. Además de la verificación morfológica, el análisis molecular permitió identificar algún grado de variabilidad genética en el genoma del parasitoide.

The alien invasive large cabbage white, Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pieridae), although introduced into South Africa more than 27 years ago, has not dramatically expanded its distribution, possibly because it is effectively attacked by two parasitoid wasp species. Even though there is a cohort of parasitoid species associated with P. brassicae in the Northern Hemisphere, these are the only two recorded parasitoids in South Africa. We determine these parasitoid wasps as Cotesia glomerata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Braconidae: Microgastrinae) and Pteromalus puparum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pteromalidae), and provide high resolution images and DNA barcodes to facilitate their recognition. This is the first record of C. glomerata from the Afrotropical region.

Abstract The first record of the genus Deinodryinus Perkins and the description of a new species Deinodryinus noronhensis sp. nov. from oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha (Brazil) are performed. Additionally, an illustration of the new species and a modified key are presented together with a discussion on the Deinodryinus records for the northeastern region of Brazil.

RESUMEN En este trabajo se reporta por primera vez a la avispa Brachymeria podagrica para Colombia y como parasitoide solitario de larvas de la mosca Peckia collusor. Los enemigos naturales fueron atraídos al exponer 200 larvas de P. collusor en tercer instar a condiciones ambientales naturales durante 6 horas el 16 de abril de 2015 en el jardín del Tecnológico de Antioquia (Medellín, Colombia). Como resultado, 29 adultos de B. Podagrica emergieron de las pupas. La prevalencia de parasitismo fue del 14,5 %.

ABSTRACT In this work, the wasp Brachymeria podagrica is recorded for the first time for Colombia, a solitary parasitoid of larvae of the Peckia collusor fly. Third instar larvae of P. collusor were exposed to outdoor ambient conditions for 6 hours in the garden of the Tecnológico de Antioquia (Medellín, Colombia). 29 B. podagrica adults were obtained from the host pupae. Prevalence of parasitism was 14.5 %.

Resumen Objetivo. Proporcionar información sobre el ciclo de vida del psílido de la concha (o del escudo), Glycaspis brimblecombei en Colombia, y sus enemigos naturales, principalmente la avispa parasitaria Psyllaephagus bliteus, en una plantación de eucalipto en Jericó (Antioquia). Alcance. A través de ensayos experimentales, se muestran los resultados del ciclo de vida y las principales características de la plaga, en una plantación de Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Metodología. Los estados de desarrollo del insecto en campo se evaluaron mediante la selección aleatoria de hojas aisladas mediante mangas entomológicas. La identificación de los enemigos naturales se realizó por observación directa y colecta manual durante julio y agosto de 2016. Principales resultados. Primer reporte para Colombia del tiempo de duración en campo del ciclo de vida de G. brimblecombei. El desarrollo completo tuvo una duración de 32.83 ± 4.2 días (promedio ± EE) bajo condiciones de campo (temperatura media: 27°C). Las ninfas alcanzaron una duración de 14.42 ± 1.15 días, entre la eclosión y el estado adulto. El tiempo reportado para cada etapa (I, II, III, IV y V) fue de 4.11 ± 1.17, 7.00 ± 1.13, 9.74 ± 1.51, 11.95 ± 1.64 y 13.42 ± 1.7 días, respectivamente. Los enemigos naturales encontrados incluyen insectos de las familias Coccinellidae, Formicidae, Encyrtidae y Crysopidae; se resalta la presencia e importancia del parasitoide P. bliteus, reportado como el principal controlador biológico asociado con la dispersión de la plaga desde su centro de origen (Australia). Conclusiones. El registro de P. bliteus destaca su papel ecológico, comúnmente descrito como agente efectivo de control biológico de este psílido. Estos resultados son fundamentales para establecer futuros programas de MIP en plantaciones forestales de eucalipto en el país.

Abstract Objective. To provide information on the life cycle of the shell (or shield) psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei in Colombia, and its natural enemies, mainly the parasitic wasp Psyllaephagus bliteus, in a eucalyptus plantation in Jericó (Antioquia). Scope. Through experimental trials, the results of the life cycle and the main characteristics of the pest are shown in a Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation. Methodology. The development stages of the insect in the field were identified by random selection of isolated leaves using entomological sleeves. The identification of natural enemies was carried out by direct observation and manual collection during July and August 2016. Main results. First report for Colombia of the duration in the field of the life cycle of G. brimblecombei. The complete development lasted 32.83 ± 4.2 days (mean ± SE) under field conditions (mean temperature: 27°C). The nymphs reached a duration of 14.42 ± 1.15 days between hatching and adult stage. The time reported for each stage (I, II, III, IV and V) was 4.11 ± 1.17, 7.00 ± 1.13, 9.74 ± 1.51, 11.95 ± 1.64 and 13.42 ± 1.7 days, respectively. The natural enemies found include insects of the families Coccinellidae, Formicidae, Encyrtidae and Crysopidae. The presence and importance of the parasitoid P. bliteus is highlighted, reported as the main biological controller associated with the spread of the pest from its center of origin (Australia). Conclusions. The record of P. bliteus highlights its ecological role, commonly described as an effective biological control agent for this psyllid. These results are essential to establish future IPM programs in eucalyptus forest plantations in the country.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de la temperatura en el desarrollo de dos líneas de Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), para determinar los requisitos térmicos de este parasitoide en huevos de Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). El experimento se llevó a cabo con dos líneas (“Ubajara” y “Guaraciaba”, Ceará) de T. pretiosum a partir de huevos parasitarios de N. elegantalis en frutos de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum). En este experimento, se usaron 40 huevos del huésped N. elegantalis y 4 hembras de los parasitoides, con exposición al parasitismo durante 24 horas (a 25 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 10 % de HR y fotofase de 12 h). Al final de este período, se retiraron las hembras y los tubos se transfirieron a incubadoras (HR = 70 ± 10 % y fotofase de 12 h, a 15, 20, 25, 30 o 35 °C, hasta la aparición de la generación siguiente de parasitoides. Los parámetros evaluados fueron el porcentaje de emergencia, la proporción de sexos, el número de parasitoides que surgieron por huevo y la duración del ciclo. Los experimentos se establecieron en un diseño experimental completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos (temperaturas) y 12 repeticiones. Se realizó ANOVA y se compararon las medias mediante la prueba de Tukey (P < 0.05). La temperatura base fue de 10,77 y 10,86 °C y el número de generaciones por año fue de 33,29 y 35,63 para “Ubajara” y “Guaraciaba”, respectivamente. La temperatura cambió los parámetros biológicos, y la duración del ciclo de las líneas “Ubajara” y “Guaraciaba” disminuyó a medida que aumentaba la temperatura.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the impact of temperature on the development of two lines of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), to determine the thermal requirements of this parasitoid wasp on Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) eggs. The experiment was carried out with two lines (“Ubajara” and “Guaraciaba”, Ceará State) of T. pretiosum collected naturally parasitizing eggs of N. elegantalis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits. In this experiment, 40 eggs of the host N. elegantalis and 4 females of the parasitoids were used, with exposure to parasitism for 24 hours at 25 ± 1 °C, relative humidity of 70 ± 10 %, and 12-h photophase. At the end of this period, females were removed and the tubes were transferred to incubators (RH = 70 ± 10 %; 12-h photophase), exposed to 15, 20, 25, 30, or 35 °C, until emergence of the following generation of the parasitoids. The percentage of emergence, sex ratio, the number of parasitoids that emerged per egg, and cycle duration were assessed. The experiments were set up in a completely randomized experimental design with 5 treatments (temperatures) and 12 replicates. ANOVA was conducted and the means were compared by Tukey test (P < 0.05). The base temperatures were 10.77 °C and 10.86 °C and the number of generations per year were 33.29 and 35.63 for “Ubajara” and “Guaraciaba”, respectively. The study showed that temperature changed the biological parameters, and cycle duration of the “Ubajara” and “Guaraciaba” lines decreased as temperature increased.