SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 on the cardiovascular autonomic system using heart rate variability in young individuals. METHODS: The study was designed retrospectively by scanning the 24-h Holter electrocardiography records of patients who applied to the Ankara Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Education and Research Hospital Cardiology outpatient clinic. The study group consisted of 492 patients under the age of 40 years, who did not have additional comorbidities or medication use and had prolonged symptoms after coronavirus disease 2019 during the pandemic. The control group, including 401 patients, was determined during the pre-pandemic period (before December 2019). Heart rate variability parameters were evaluated by scanning the 24-h Holter electrocardiography records of the patients and compared with the non-coronavirus disease 2019 group. RESULTS: The median age of participants was 30 years. Standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN) ≤100 ms was more prevalent in the study group (27 (6.7%) vs 73 (14.8%), p<0.001). In univariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of coronavirus disease 2019 [(OR 2.41, 95%CI 1.52–3.83), p<0.001] and age [(OR 1.04, 95%CI 1.01–1.07), p=0.016] had a significant effect on the probability of SDNN≤100. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of coronavirus disease 2019 [(OR 2.42, 95%CI 1.52–3.85), p<0.001] and age [(OR 2.42, 95%CI 1.52–3.85), p=0.016] had a significant effect on the probability of SDNN≤100. Frequency domain measures such as, high-frequency values were significantly higher in the study group (p=0.029). The study group’s low-frequency/high frequency ratio was significantly lower (p=0.019). The low-frequency/high-frequency ratio’s cut-off value was ≤2.77. for determining the differentiation between coronavirus disease 2019 positive and negative cases in the receiver operating characteristic analysis. The sensitivity rate was 80.7%. The area under the curve value is 0.546 (p=0.019). CONCLUSION: This study showed that coronavirus disease 2019 causes reduced heart rate variability and increased parasympathetic activity in young patients. This may explain the prolonged symptoms after coronavirus disease 2019 infection. OBJECTIVE 201 individuals METHODS 24h h 24 clinic 49 4 years pandemic prepandemic pre before 2019. . 2019) noncoronavirus non RESULTS 3 SDNN (SDNN 100 ≤10 27 (2 6.7% 67 6 7 (6.7% 14.8%, 148 14.8% , 14 8 (14.8%) p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 0 001 p<0.001) analysis OR 241 2 41 2.41 95CI CI 95 1.52–3.83, 152383 1.52–3.83 1 52 83 1.52–3.83) 104 04 1.04 1.01–1.07, 101107 1.01–1.07 01 07 1.01–1.07) p=0.016 p0016 016 SDNN100 SDNN≤100 242 42 2.42 1.52–3.85, 152385 1.52–3.85 85 1.52–3.85) as highfrequency high p=0.029. p0029 p=0.029 029 (p=0.029) groups s lowfrequency/high lowfrequencyhigh low frequency/high p=0.019. p0019 p=0.019 019 (p=0.019) lowfrequency/highfrequency lowfrequencyhighfrequency ratios cutoff cut off 277 77 ≤2.77 807 80 80.7% 0546 546 0.54 CONCLUSION infection 20 10 ≤1 ( 6.7 (6.7 14.8 (14.8% p000 p<0.00 00 2.4 9 15238 1.52–3.8 5 1.0 10110 1.01–1.0 p=0.01 p001 SDNN10 SDNN≤10 p002 p=0.02 02 (p=0.029 lowfrequency frequencyhigh (p=0.019 ≤2.7 80.7 054 54 0.5 ≤ 6. (6. 14. (14.8 p00 p<0.0 2. 1523 1.52–3. 1. 1011 1.01–1. p=0.0 SDNN1 SDNN≤1 (p=0.02 (p=0.01 ≤2. 80. 05 0. (6 (14. p0 p<0. 152 1.52–3 101 1.01–1 p=0. SDNN≤ (p=0.0 ≤2 (14 p<0 15 1.52– 1.01– p=0 (p=0. (1 p< 1.52 1.01 p= (p=0 1.5 (p= (p

Hierdie sewe-jaar longitudinale opvoedingstudie evalueer drie akademiese afleweringsmodusse vir deeltydse MBA-studente in hul Bemarkingsbestuursmodule, naamlik vol kontak (20172019), vol aanlyn tydens COVID-19 se harde inperking (2020-2021 en die daaropvolgende gemengde modus (2022-2023). Die studie het ten doel om te bepaal of die afleweringsmodus studente se akademiese prestasie beduidend beïnvloed. Die eenrigting-variansie-analise (EVA) het beduidende verskille tussen die afleweringsmodusse vir individuele opdragte (normatiewe assessering) en groepgevallestudies (summatiewe assessering) geïdentifiseer. Daar was ook betekenisvolle verskille tussen die akademiese prestasie ten opsigte van die finale saamgestelde portefeulje van kennis (wat as eksamen dien). Hierdie portefeulje bestaan uit 'n prakties-toegepaste bemarkingsplan. Die post-hoc toetse het getoon dat studente aansienlik beter gevaar het tydens die gemengde afleweringsmodus in individuele opdragte, terwyl die volledige aanlyn modus laer punte vir die groepgevallestudies gehad het. Beide die gemengde en volledige kontakmodusse het beduidende opeenvolgende verbetering vir die groepgevallestudies getoon, wat in elke gevallestudie verbetering getoon het namate die semester gevorder het. Dit verskil van volledige aanlyn onderrig. Die gemengde modus het ook aansienlik beter gevaar in die eksamen- en finale modulepunte en het selfs beter gevaar as volkontakklasse.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly transformed the tertiary education landscape. Traditional contact universities were forced abruptly to adopt a full-distance education mode, a situation neither the students nor lecturers were prepared for. Many lectures and teaching activities were developed on the fly as universities struggled to roll out the needed support in double-time for lecturers and students. This new normal for education required integrating technology, advanced communication software, revised assessment techniques, and recognising the need for flexible and adaptable approaches to teaching and learning. Students also evolved and gained technological proficiency, adaptability, time management, soft skills, social media proficiency, and an awareness of health and well-being. Albeit uncertain in redefining the new normal, universities continue to provide quality education. However, exactly how university education should be delivered to a new breed of students in a new business environment is a challenge. This is even more so in the case of executive MBA students. After the hard lockdown and restrictions were lifted on 21 September 2020, the North-West University Business School started to explore other modes of academic content delivery. Reinstating a full contact delivery mode was not an option because of remaining restrictions. High technological investment, online-educated lecturers and students, and benefits and developments during online learning now form a new normal for the Business School. Which teaching method, or rather, which mode of delivery, is the most relevant and adequate? Should the MBA lectures return to the historic full-contact delivery mode, stick with the newly established full online mode, or attempt to integrate the benefits of both into a hybrid mode of delivering business education to a new breed of technology-savvy students? This study, therefore, examines the academic performance of the different delivery modes by comparing data of Executive MBA Marketing management students at the NWU Business School in South Africa. The study examines the academic performance of these students from 2017 up to 2023. The panel database consists of Executive MBA students'marks for the module in Marketing Management from 2017 up to 2023. The database contains marks for individual assignments, groupwork case studies, final individual- and groupwork marks, exam marks and the final module mark. The final assessment is a portfolio of evidence comprising a detailed marketing plan for a product, service, or organisation of choice. The mode of delivery served as the dependent variable, while the independent variables comprised the marks for each assignment (groupwork, individual and portfolio of evidence). Three delivery modes were compared, namely full-contact (2017-2019), full-online (2020-2021), and the post-pandemic hybrid mode currently in effect (2022-2023). The data comprised 630 cases. However, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) used 532 cases to compare the different groupwork assignments (230 full-contact students, 159 full-online students, and 143 hybrid students). Cronbach's alpha coefficient measured the data's reliability, and one-way ANOVA determined significant differences (p<.05) between the academic performance of the three delivery modes. The analysis confirmed that significant differences exist between the modes of delivery for individual assignments, group case studies and exams (p<.05). The Tukey ab post-hoc tests showed that students performed significantly better during the hybrid delivery mode in individual assignments (69.2%) than full contact (63.8%). Regarding the individual assignment, the full online (63.8%) and full contact (63.7%) delivery modes perform significantly worse than the hybrid (69.2%) delivery mode. Regarding the first group case study (Group Assignment 1), full online performs (67.3%) significantly worse than hybrid (71.1%) and full contact (73.6%) delivery modes. There is no significant difference between the hybrid and full contact delivery modes. In the second, third, and fourth group case studies (Group Assignments 2, 3 & 4), the hybrid delivery mode (82.37%, 75.4%, 82.7%) outperforms the full contact (75.4, 80.1%, 86.6%) and full-online (71.4%, 71.4%, 67.8%) modes. The hybrid delivery mode, therefore, proves to be more conducive towards academic performance in group work. Finally, in considering the final module mark, the hybrid delivery mode (71.0%) is significantly higher than the other two delivery modes. However, there is no significant difference between full online (67.5%) and full-contact (67.2%) delivery modes regarding the final module mark. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that the better performance in the final module marks is a function of the groupwork where the students analysed case studies together. There are no significant differences in the exam marks between the delivery modes, so better academic performance in the hybrid mode of delivery where groupwork is concerned culminates in the better module mark. Based on the findings, it is evident that the hybrid mode of delivery results in the best academic performance. This observation is based on three reasons, namely 1) students performed better in both the normative and summative assessments during hybrid tuition; 2) there is continuous progressive learning throughout the semester regarding the group case studies (summative assessment). They learn to improve and hone their skills to analyse better and apply business solutions to real-life problems experienced by organisations. This is based on students' improving marks in the group case studies as they become more proficient in analysing and answering the applied case studies because they learn from each case study; and 3) the students perform better academically in their normative assessments and earn higher final module marks (partially due to reason 2). It is concluded that the hybrid delivery mode facilitates the academic performance of post-pandemic executive MBA Marketing management students. JEL KODES: I23, I21, M30

Abstract: Mexico is a key player in the automotive industry, but during the pandemic, auto manufacturing was hit by health measures suspending its activity because it was not a priority sector. The central research aim is to determine the financial losses caused by the suspension of car and light truck manufacturing due to the economic crisis triggered by COVID-19. The methodology used is based on a multiple econometric regression with a binary qualitative variable of ones and zeros to capture the effect of COVID-19 on vehicle production, with preliminary results showing eight-figures losses.

Resumen: México desempeña un papel importante a nivel mundial en cuanto a la fabricación de automóviles, y no fue sino a partir de la pandemia por COVID-19 que la industria automotriz se vio sacudida por las medidas sanitarias, al suspender su actividad productiva por no ser un sector prioritario. La pregunta central de esta investigación gira en torno a cuánto vale la pérdida en términos monetarios la suspensión de la fabricación de vehículos y camiones ligeros por la crisis económica causada por la COVID-19. La metodología empleada se basa en el uso de una regresión econométrica múltiple con una variable cualitativa binaria de unos y ceros para capturar el efecto de la COVID-19 en la producción de vehículos, donde los resultados preliminares arrojan pérdidas millonarias de ocho cifras.

ABSTRACT As a result of the COVID 19 pandemic, a set of modifications were implemented in the way it was taught. Higher education institutions in Chile were not immune to this phenomenon, and to this scenario was added a set of trends that had already been raising the need to review didactics, in terms of what and how it is taught. Different initiatives led to the development and implementation of didactic strategies that sought to solve the challenges faced by the educational system. Even though innumerable articles referring to the implementation of these didactic innovations have appeared, the evidence regarding the impact of their adaptations remains scarce. The objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of the use of the Case Method on the academic performance of the students of the calculus subject of the Business Administration Engineering degree at a Chilean higher education institution in an online context. through a difference-in-differences model using control groups generated with the Propensity Score Matching technique. The results show a positive and statistically significant effect on student grades.

RESUMEN Producto de la pandemia de COVID 19 se implementaron un conjunto de modificaciones en la forma cómo se enseñaba. Las instituciones de educación superior en Chile no estuvieron ajenas a ese fenómeno, y a este escenario se sumó un conjunto de tendencias que ya venían planteando la necesidad de revisar la didáctica, en cuánto al qué y al cómo se enseña. Diferentes iniciativas llevaron al desarrollo e implementación de estrategias didácticas que buscaron resolver los desafíos que enfrentaba el sistema educativo. Aun cuando han surgido innumerables artículos referidos a la implementación de estas innovaciones didácticas, la evidencia respecto del impacto de sus adaptaciones permanece escasa. El objetivo de la presente investigación es evaluar el impacto del uso del Método del Caso en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de los estudiantes de la asignatura de cálculo de la carrera Ingeniería en Administración de Empresas de una institución de educación superior chilena en un contexto online mediante un modelo de diferencias en diferencias usando grupos de control generados con la técnica de Propensity Score Matching. Los resultados muestran un efecto positivo y estadísticamente significativo en las calificaciones de los estudiantes.

Resumo Neste artigo propomos indagar sobre a implantação do empreendedorismo e do trabalho criativo hoje, bem como suas condições de trabalho em regiões distantes das grandes metrópoles. Para isso e com foco nas províncias de Río Negro e Neuquén, localizadas no norte da Patagônia Argentina, revisamos criticamente a mobilização de ambas noções, expomos a precariedade de suas condições de trabalho e a organização de seus trabalhadores para, finalmente, analisar as intervenções do Estado em torno deles, com foco na assistência durante a pandemia COVID-19. Utilizamos dados empíricos obtidos ao longo de 2020 e 2021, correspondentes a relatórios setoriais, sites de organizações e empresas do setor, observação participante em assembleias sindicais, entrevistas digitais, material de imprensa e documentos de políticas públicas. Concluímos que a precarização da condição de trabalho, promovida sob a retórica empreendedora durante o desenvolvimento das indústrias criativas em escala planetária e anterior à pandemia global, foi por ela potencializada e acentuou o efeito econômico sobre quem trabalha neles, o que requer atenção específica do Estado.

Resumen En este artículo proponemos indagar el actual despliegue del emprendedorismo y el trabajo creativo, así como sus condiciones laborales en regiones alejadas de las grandes metrópolis. Para ello y con foco en las provincias de Río Negro y Neuquén, ubicadas en el norte de la Patagonia Argentina, revisamos críticamente la movilización de ambas nociones, exponemos el carácter precario de sus condiciones de trabajo y la organización de sus trabajadores y trabajadoras para reclamar por ellas, para finalmente analizar las intervenciones estatales en torno suyo, con foco en la asistencia durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Nos valemos de datos empíricos obtenidos durante 2020 y 2021, correspondientes a informes sectoriales, sitios web de organismos y empresas del sector, observación participante en asambleas gremiales, entrevistas digitales, material de prensa y documentos de políticas públicas. Concluimos que la condición laboral precaria, promovida bajo la retórica emprendedora durante el desarrollo de las industrias creativas a escala planetaria y previa a la pandemia global, se ha visto sin embargo potenciada por ella y ha acentuado el efecto económico sobre quienes trabajan en ellas, lo que exige una específica atención por parte del Estado.

Abstract In this article we propose to inquire about the present development of entrepreneurship and creative work, as well as their labour conditions, in regions far from the large metropolises. For this, we critically review the use of both notions, expose the precarity of their labor conditions and the organization of their workers to claim for better conditions, in the provinces of Río Negro and Neuquén, located in the north Patagonia region, Argentina. Finally, we analyze the State interventions on these realities, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. We use empirical data obtained during 2020 and 2021, corresponding to sector reports, websites of organizations and companies in the sector, participant observation in union assemblies, digital interviews, press articles and public policy documents. We conclude that the precarious labor conditions, promoted under an entrepreneurial rhetoric during the development of creative industries on a global scale and prior to the pandemic, has nevertheless been enhanced by the latter and has exacerbated the economic effect on those who work in the creative and cultural sector, which requires specific attention from the State.

Abstract In an increasingly dynamic and complex world, the professional figure of teachers who show commitment to their work acquires fundamental importance in quality education. In this sense, this research aims to analyze burnout syndrome as a predictor of work commitment in teachers of private universities in the city of Chiclayo, Peru, in a context of mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is an empirical study of cross-sectional predictive design. The final sample included 100 undergraduate teachers, of both sexes, whose ages ranged from 35 to 60 years (M=46.63; SD=9.90). The instruments applied were the Burnout Syndrome Scale version for teachers and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, virtualized in Google Forms. The data collected were subjected to simple regression analysis, also reporting effect size indices and statistical power, to ensure greater scope and precision in the results. Low levels of burnout syndrome and high levels of work engagement were reported; moreover, burnout syndrome negatively and significantly predicted work engagement and its dimensions of vigor and dedication; not so for absorption. Therefore, the reported findings suggest that burnout syndrome can predict work engagement and its factors, except for absorption, in teachers of private universities in Chiclayo. The limitations and practical implications of the study are discussed.

Resumen En un mundo cada vez más dinámico y complejo, la figura profesional docente que muestra compromiso con su quehacer adquiere fundamental importancia en una educación de calidad. En ese sentido, esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el síndrome del quemado como predictor del compromiso laboral en docentes de universidades privadas de la ciudad de Chiclayo, Perú, en un contexto de mitigación de la pandemia por COVID- 19. Se trata de un estudio empírico de diseño predictivo transversal. La muestra final incluyó 100 docentes de pregrado, de ambos sexos, cuyas edades oscilaban entre los 35 y 60 años (M=46.63; DE=9.90). Los instrumentos aplicados fueron la Escala de Síndrome de Burnout versión para docentes y la Escala Utrecht de Engagement Laboral, virtualizados en Google Forms. Los datos recopilados se sometieron a análisis de regresión simple, reportando también índices de tamaño de efecto y potencia estadística, para garantizar un mayor alcance y precisión en los resultados. Se reportaron niveles bajos de síndrome del quemado y altos de compromiso laboral, además, el síndrome del quemado predijo de manera negativa y significativa el compromiso laboral y sus dimensiones de vigor y dedicación; no así para absorción. Por tanto, lo reportado sugiere que el síndrome del quemado puede predecir al compromiso laboral y sus factores, salvo la absorción, en docentes de universidades privadas de Chiclayo. Se discuten las limitaciones e implicancias prácticas del estudio.

The Covid-19 pandemic had a great effect on people's health as well as their economic stability. The virus also led to the death of many people. Numerous restrictions were put into place to limit the spread of the virus. In South Africa, one of the restrictions was a national lockdown, which meant that most people could not go to work. This resulted in many people losing their jobs, including many parents. When parents lose their jobs, it does not only affect them, but it also affects their children. Parents 'job loss can sometimes lead to positive outcomes, but in most cases it will have a negative impact on children. There are many ways in which the job loss of parents can have a negative impact on the lives of their children. It affects aspects such as their health, safety, emotional well-being, school performance, future, and so forth. Because of this, it is important to determine how children can be equipped to make sense of their circumstances and to flourish in spite thereof. Practical theology is a field of study that works with cases such as these. The aim of this article is therefore to show, from a practical-theological perspective, how congregational children's ministry can be used to implement faith resources into children's lives to equip them to flourish by strengthening their relationship with God as well as their relationship with other people. This would include resources such as the Bible, prayer, and a biblical perspective on suffering as well as hope. Other resources include family, the church, friends as well as people who have gone through similar situations and who were able to handle it in a healthy way. All of these faith resources can be made a part of children's lives through congregational children's ministry. This would include things such as faith formation (Sunday school and youth groups), church services, mentorship, and the support of parents. When children are equipped through these ministries, it enables them to make sense of their circumstances and helps them to flourish in spite of such challenges.

Die Covid-19-pandemie het 'n groot effek op mense se gesondheid sowel as hulle ekonomiese stabiliteit gehad. Talle beperkings is ingestel om die verspreiding van die virus te beperk. In Suid-Afrika was een van die beperkings 'n nasionale inperking wat veroorsaak het dat die meeste mense nie werk toe kon gaan nie. Dit het daartoe gelei dat talle mense hul werk verloor het. Baie van die mense was ouers. Ouers se werksverlies affekteer nie net hulself nie, maar ook hul kinders. Daar is verskeie maniere waarop ouers se werksverlies kinders negatief kan beïnvloed. Praktiese teologie is 'n studieveld wat met gevalle soos dié werk. Daarom is die doel van hierdie artikel om, vanuit die perspektief van die praktiese teologiese te wys hoe gemeentelike kinderbediening gebruik kan word om geloofshulpbronne in kinders se lewens in te bou sodat hulle van hul omstandighede (ouers se werksverlies) kan sinmaak en ten spyte van hul omstandighede sal kan floreer.

Abstract Introduction : Little evidence exists on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemics on the compliance with cervi cal cancer treatment. Methods : We carried out a population-based, be fore-and-after retrospective cohort study of all cervical cancer patients diagnosed in the Jujuy province public health sector (n=140), Argentina, between 2017 and 2020. Patients diagnosed in 2020 were considered exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic (n=21). We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the relationship between the pandemics and compliance with treatment. We also measured treatment duration for women who were indicated brachytherapy and time to treatment initia tion by stage. Results : Compared with women diagnosed in 2017- 2019 the odds ratio of non-complying with treatment was 1.77 (95%CI 0.59-5.81; p = 0.32) for women diagnosed during 2020. An increased risk of non-compliance was found in patients with prescribed brachytherapy (OR 4.14. 95%CI 1.95-9.11; p < 0.001). Median treatment dura tion for women with prescribed brachytherapy was 12.8 and 15.7 weeks in 2017-2019 vs. 2020 (p = 0.33); median time to treatment initiation for women with early-stage disease was 9 and 5 weeks during 2017-2019 and 2020 respectively (p = 0.06), vs 7.2 and 9 weeks in 2017-2019 and 2020 respectively (p = 0.36) for patients with stages IIB+ disease. Conclusions : Low access to brachytherapy was a major determinant of non-compliance. irrespective of the effect of the pandemics.

Resumen Introducción : Hay escasa evidencia sobre el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el cumplimiento del tratamiento de cáncer cervicouterino. Métodos : Se llevó a cabo un estudio poblacional de cohorte retrospectivo. -antes/después- de las pacientes con cáncer cervicouterino diagnosticadas en estable cimientos públicos de la provincia de Jujuy (n = 140), entre 2017 y 2020. Las pacientes diagnosticadas en 2020 se consideraron expuestas a la pandemia (n = 21). Utili zamos la regresión logística multivariada para analizar la asociación entre pandemia y cumplimiento del tra tamiento de cáncer. Además, se midió la duración del tratamiento en aquellas con indicación de braquiterapia y el tiempo hasta el inicio al tratamiento según estadio. Resultados : Comparadas con las mujeres diagnosti cadas en 2017-2019 el odds ratio de incumplimiento del tratamiento fue de 1.77 (IC95% 0.59-5.81; p = 0.32) para las diagnosticadas durante 2020. Se encontró un mayor riesgo de incumplimiento en pacientes con indicación de braquiterapia (OR 4.14; IC 95%:1.95-9.11; p < 0.001). La mediana de duración del tratamiento para aquellas con indicación de braquiterapia fue de 12.8 y 15.7 sema nas en 2017-2019 y 2020 respectivamente (p = 0.33). La mediana de tiempo hasta el inicio del tratamiento para pacientes con enfermedad en estadio temprano fue de 9 y 5 semanas durante 2017-2019 y 2020 respectivamente (p = 0.06), versus una mediana de 7.2 y 9 semanas en 2017-2019 y 2020 respectivamente (p=0.36) para las pa cientes con enfermedad en estadio IIB+. Conclusiones : El bajo acceso a la braquiterapia fue un factor determinante de incumplimiento de tratamiento de cáncer cervicouterino, independientemente del efecto de la pandemia.

Resumo Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a resposta do setor de serviços do Brasil a um choque exógeno causado por uma elevação do isolamento social por meio do modelo VARX. A escassez de estudos nacionais sobre o setor de serviços e sua heterogeneidade demonstra a importância de analisar melhor esse setor. Os principais resultados sugerem que o choque atinge o setor de serviços agregado e a maioria dos seus subsetores de forma transitória. De maneira oposta, o setor industrial e o IBC-Br sofrem o efeito de forma permanente. Entre todos os subsetores, Serviços prestados às famílias é o que apresenta resultados mais interessantes, tendo redução de 100 p.p. na taxa de crescimento no momento do choque, e depois atingindo um ganho de 9,3 p.p. Já o subsetor “Outros serviços” é o que tem a maior redução em termos de perdas permanentes. Como robustez, foi estimado também um VARX bayesiano, com resultados que apontam, de forma geral, na mesma direção. transitória oposta IBCBr IBC Br permanente interessantes 10 pp p p.p 93 9 3 9, Outros permanentes robustez bayesiano apontam geral direção 1

Abstract This work aims to analyze the response of the Brazilian services sector to an exogenous shock caused by an increase in social isolation through the VARX model. The scarcity of national studies on the services sector and its heterogeneity demonstrates the importance of better analyzing this sector. The main results suggest that the shock affects the aggregate services sector and most of its subsectors in a transitory manner. Conversely, the industrial sector and the IBC-Br suffer the effect permanently. Among all the subsectors, Services provided to families is the one that presents the most interesting results, with a 100 p.p. reduction in the growth rate at the time of the shock, and later achieving a gain of 9.3 p.p. The Other services subsector is the one with the greatest reduction in terms of permanent losses. For robustness, a Bayesian VARX was also estimated, with results that generally point in the same direction. model manner Conversely IBCBr IBC Br permanently 10 pp p p.p 93 9 3 9. losses robustness estimated direction 1

Abstract Objective: The SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic affected people deprived of liberty in Colombia, a vulnerable group due to unfavorable prison conditions and deficient protection measures. The objective of the study was to analyze the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on cognitive function and subjective perception of executive functions in this group. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 47 men deprived of liberty between 18 and 55 years of age, in the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCA) and the BANFE-2 Battery were used. The participants provided informed consent and affirmed having tested positive in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Results: It was determined that, 97.9% of individuals deprived of liberty had a positive PCR test, and 76.6% exhibited normal cognitive function in the MoCA Test. The subjective perception of executive functioning was recorded with normal parameters, at 68.1% according to the BANFE-2. A negative correlation was found between the MoCA Test (orientation subtest) and reported categories of SARS-CoV-2 virus symptoms. In addition, the abstraction MoCA variable showed an inverse relationship of (−3.19). Conclusions: The study demonstrated a negative correlation between cognitive impairment and SARS-CoV-2 symptoms in people deprived of liberty. Most of the participants presented normal cognitive and executive functioning, indicating a proportional inverse relationship between the variables evaluated.

Resumen Objetivo: La pandemia del virus SARS-CoV2 afectó a las personas privadas de la libertad en Colombia, un grupo vulnerable debido a las condiciones desfavorables en las cárceles y las deficientes medidas de protección. Analizar el efecto del SARS-CoV-2 en la función cognitiva y percepción subjetiva de las funciones ejecutivas en este grupo. Métodos: Se realiza un estudio transversal en 47 hombres privados de libertad de 18 a 55 años, en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Se utilizando el Test Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) y la Batería Banfe-2, los participantes suministran su consentimiento informado y afirman haber dado positivo en la prueba de PCR. Resultados: Se determina que el 97.9% de las personas privadas de la libertad tienen la prueba PCR positiva y un funcionamiento cognitivo normal del 76.6% en el test de MoCA. La percepción subjetiva del funcionamiento ejecutivo fue normal en un 68.1% según la BANFE-2. Se encontró una correlación negativa entre el Test de MoCA (subprueba de orientación) y las categorías de síntomas notificados del virus SARS-CoV2. Además, la variable MoCA de abstracción mostró una relación inversa de (−3.19). Conclusiones: El estudio demuestra una correlación negativa entre el deterioro cognitivo y los síntomas del SARS-CoV2 en personas privadas de la libertad. La mayoría de los participantes presentan un funcionamiento cognitivo y ejecutivo normal, indicando una relación inversa proporcional entre las variables evaluadas.

Resumen Introducción: El Servicio de Atención Móvil de Urgencia - SAMU 192 es el componente prehospitalario móvil instituido por el Ministerio de Salud en Brasil. Con la pandemia COVID-19, el servicio comenzó a atender a pacientes afectados por la enfermedad. Este escenario generó una gran tensión en los profesionales, lo que hizo relevante comprender las alteraciones psicológicas experimentadas por el equipo, con el fin de proporcionar una asistencia psicológica adecuada y garantizar su bienestar. Objetivo: Analizar los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en el equipo del SAMU 192. Metodología: Estudio transversal, exploratorio-descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo. Se aplicó la versión reducida de la escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21) en el equipo del SAMU 192, una escala tipo Likert de cuatro puntos que evalúa los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Resultados: Participaron en la investigación 54 profesionales del SAMU 192, que representaron el 78,8% del equipo total. La edad promedio fue de 37,41 años, siendo la mayoría del sexo femenino. La mayoría de los profesionales presentaron niveles normales de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, sin embargo, los casos de alteraciones representaron el 27,77%, 24,08% y 18,51% respectivamente. Hubo un mayor riesgo de estrés entre los profesionales que trabajan en turnos nocturnos, un mayor riesgo de ansiedad en técnicos de enfermería y en profesionales que trabajan en el turno diurno o en días libres, y depresión en técnicos de enfermería. Conclusión: Los niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión encontrados en el estudio fueron bajos, lo que difiere de lo esperado y puede estar relacionado con factores protectores como la satisfacción e identificación con el trabajo.

Abstract Introduction: The Mobile Emergency Care Service - SAMU 192 is the pre-hospital mobile component instituted by the Ministry of Health in Brazil. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the service started to assist patients affected by the disease. This scenario brought great tension to the professionals, making it relevant to understand the psychological changes experienced by the team to provide adequate psychological assistance and well-being to them. Objective: To analyze levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in the SAMU 192 team. Methodology: Cross-sectional, exploratory-descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The shortened version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was applied to the SAMU 192 team, a four-point Likert scale that assesses levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Results: Fifty-four SAMU 192 professionals participated in the research, accounting for 78.8% of the total team. The average age was 37.41 years, with the majority being female. Most professionals exhibited normal levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, however, cases of alterations represented 27.77%, 24.08%, and 18.51%, respectively. There was a higher risk of stress among professionals working night shifts, a higher risk of anxiety among nursing technicians and professionals working during the day or on rotating shifts, and depression among nursing technicians. Conclusion: The levels of stress, anxiety, and depression found in the study were low, which differs from expectations and may be related to protective factors such as job satisfaction and identification with work.

Resumo Introdução: O Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência - SAMU 192 é o componente pré-hospitalar móvel instituído pelo Ministério da Saúde no Brasil. Com a pandemia COVID-19, o serviço passou a atender os pacientes acometidos pela doença. Esse cenário trouxe grande tensão para os profissionais, o que tornou relevante compreender as alterações psicológicas vivenciadas pela equipe, a fim de proporcionar uma assistência psicológica adequada e o bem-estar aos mesmos. Objetivo: Analisar os níveis de depressão, ansiedade e estresse na equipe do SAMU 192. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Aplicou-se a versão reduzida da escala Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale‐21 (DASS-21) na equipe do SAMU 192, uma escala tipo Likert de quatro pontos que avalia os níveis de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 54 profissionais do SAMU 192, 78,8% da equipe total. A média de idade foi de 37,41 anos, sendo a maioria do sexo feminino. A maioria dos profissionais apresentaram níveis normais de depressão, ansiedade e estresse, entretanto, os casos de alterações representaram 27,77%, 24,08% e 18,51% respectivamente. Houve maior risco de estresse entre os profissionais que realizam plantão noturno, maior risco de ansiedade em técnicos de enfermagem e em profissionais que trabalham no período diurno ou folguistas e depressão em técnicos de enfermagem. Conclusão: Os níveis de estresse, ansiedade e depressão encontrados no estudo foram baixos, o que difere do esperado e pode estar relacionado a fatores protetores como a satisfação e identificação com o trabalho. Se houver secções dentro do resumo devem estar a negrito e iniciar-se numa nova linha

Abstract Background and Objectives: Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) plays a critical role in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension, as variceal eradication (VE) is essential to prevent further variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (GI). The emergence of COVID-19 has led to a dramatic reduction in endoscopic activity. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on VE, GI, and 6-month mortality of patients treated with prophylactic EBL therapy. In addition, our goal was to identify the risk factors for our proposed outcomes. Methods: Asingle-center retrospective cohort study included patients with esophageal varices treated with prophylactic EBL therapy between 2017 and 2021. To demonstrate the impact of COVID-19 on two independent groups on prophylactic EBL therapy with 1 year of follow-up, March 2019 was selected as the cut-off date. Clinical, laboratory, and endo-scopic data were recovered from electronic reports. Results: Ninety-seven patients underwent 398 prophylactic EBL sessions,75men (77.3%) withmeanage 59 ± 12 years. Most achieved VE (60.8%), 14.4% had GI bleeding post-therapy, and 15.5% died at 6 months. The rate of variceal obliteration was significantly lower in the pan-demic group (40.9% vs. 77.4% in the pre-pandemic group, p = 0.001). Mean number of EBL sessions and pandemic group were independently associated with incomplete VE, while MELD-Na, portal vein thrombosis and failed VE were identified as risk factors associated with mortality at 6months. Conclusions: Almost60%ofpatientsinthe pandemic group failed to eradicate esophageal varices. Failure to achieve this result conferred a higher risk of GI bleeding and death at 6 months, the latter also significantly associated with the MELD-Na score and portal vein thrombosis. Our study is among the first to demonstrate the impact of COVID-19 in patients receiving prophylactic EBL therapy.

Resumo Introdução e objetivos: A laqueação elástica endoscópica (LEE) é crucial nos doentes com hipertensão portal clinicamente significativa, uma vez que permite a erradicação das varizes esofágicas (EVE) que, por sua vez, previne a hemorragia digestiva varicosa. Com o início da pandemia COVID-19, a atividade endoscópica foi drasticamente reduzida. Com este estudo pretendemos avaliar ainfluência da COVID-19 na EVE, hemorragia gastro-intestinal (GI) e mortalidade aos 6 meses dos doentes sob LEE profilática, assim como identificar os seus fatores de risco. Métodos: Estudo de coorte monocêntrico e retrospetivo que incluiu doentes com varizes esofágicas sob LEE profilática entre 2017 e 2021. Para demonstrar o impacto da pandemia COVID-19 em dois grupos independentes sob LEE profilática durante um ano de follow-up, a escolha da data-limite foi Março de 2019. Os dados clínicos, laboratoriais e endoscópicos foram obtidos a partir dos relatórios eletrónicos. Resultados: Noventa e sete doentes cumpriram 398 sessões de LEE, 75 homens (77,3%), com idade média de 59 ± 12 anos. A maioria dos doentes obteve EVE (60,8%), 14,4% desenvolveu hemorragia GI e 15,5% faleceu nos primeiros 6 meses pós-terapêutica. A taxa de EVE foi significativamente inferior no grupo pandémico (40,9% vs. 77,4% no grupo pré-pandémico, p = 0.001). O número médio de sessões de LEE e o grupo pandémico foram independentemente associados à EVE incompleta; enquanto MELD-NA, trombose da veia porta e falha na EVE foram identificados como fatores de risco associados à mortalidade aos 6 meses. Conclusão: Cerca de 60% dos doentes no grupo pandémico não conseguiu erradicar as varizes esofágicas. A EVE incompleta aumenta o risco de hemorragia GI e mortalidade aos 6 meses, esta última também associada de forma significativa ao score MELD-Na e TVP. O nosso estudo foi pioneiro na demonstração do impacto da pandemia COVID-19 nos doentes sob LEE profilática.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic prevented many children with neurodevelopmental disorders from accessing face-to-face treatments. Tele-rehabilitation grew at this time as an alternative therapeutic tool. In this study we analyzed remote cognitive rehabilitation in neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods: This was a prospective, quasi-experimental (before-after) study that included 22 patients (mean age 9.41 years) with neurodevelopmental disorders who had telerehabilitation for over six months. Results: After six months of telerehabilitation, a statistically significant improvement was found with a large effect size in these areas: attention (sustained, selective and divided), executive functions (verbal and visual working memory, categorization, processing speed), visuospatial skills (spatial orientation, perceptual integration, perception, simultanagnosia) and language (comprehensive and expressive). On the Weiss Functional Impairment Scale, all areas (family, learning and school, self-concept, activities of daily living, risk activities) improved with statistical significance. We found a positive correlation between the number of sessions and the improvement observed in executive functions (visual working memory, processing speed), attention (sustained attention, divided attention) and visuospatial skills (spatial orientation, perceptual integration, perception, simultanagnosia). We did not find statistical significance between the family structure and the number of sessions carried out. A high degree of perception of improvement and satisfaction was observed in the parents. Conclusions: Telerehabilitation is a safe alternative tool which, although it does not replace face-to-face therapy, can achieve significant cognitive and functional improvements in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las medidas de distanciamiento social debidas a la pandemia por COVID-19 impidieron que muchos chicos con trastornos del neurodesarrollo pudieran acceder a tratamientos presenciales. La telerrehabilitación creció en este tiempo como una herramienta terapéutica alternativa. El objetivo es analizar la telerrehXbilitación cognitiva en trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Métodos: En este estudio prospectivo, cuasi-experimental (antes-después), se incluyó a 22 pacientes (media de edad, 9,41 arios) con trastornos del neurodesarrollo que realizaron telerrehabilitación con el programa Rehametrics por más de 6 meses. Resultados: Luego de 6 meses de telerrahabilitación, se constató una mejoría estadísticamente significativa con un gran tamaño del efecto en áreas de: atención (sostenida, selectiva y dividida), funciones ejecutivas (memoria de trabajo verbal y visual, categorización, velocidad de procesamiento), habilidades visuoespaciales (orientación espacial, integración perceptiva, percepción, simultagnosia) y lenguaje (comprensivo y expresivo). En la Escala de Impedimento Funcional de Weiss mejoraron con significancia estadística todas las áreas (familia, aprendizaje y escuela, autoconcepto, actividades de la vida diaria, actividades de riesgo). Se constata una correlación positiva entre la cantidad de sesiones y la mejoría observada en funciones ejecutivas (memoria de trabajo visual, velocidad de procesamiento), atencionales (atención sostenida, atención dividida) y habilidades visuoespaciales (orientación espacial, integración perceptiva, percepción, simultagnosia). No encontramos significancia estadística entre la estructura familiar y la cantidad de sesiones realizadas. Se observó un alto grado de percepción de mejora y satisfacción en los padres. Conclusiones: La telerrehabilitación puede ser una herramienta alternativa segura que, sin reemplazar la presencialidad, puede lograr mejoras cognitivas y funcionales significativas en niños con trastornos del neurodesarrollo.

Resumen El propósito del estudio fue describir y explicar la relación entre las particularidades morfosintácticas de las palabras y el sentido que se invoca a través de ellas en el contexto discursivo de la pandemia, por medio del marco teórico de referencia para el nivel léxico-semántico. Para ello, se recolectó un número representativo de elementos lexicales cuyo rasgo común era la combinación estructural de la denominación coloquial y cotidiana con las denominaciones técnicas correspondientes al área de medicina, para generar nuevos términos, modificados e, incluso, resignificados, pero en alusión a la cotidianidad del confinamiento. El estudio se desarrolló según los planteamientos de la metodología terminológica sistemática Cabré (2017) y Bevilacqua (2017), por cuanto debe seguir una serie de fases consecutivas, a saber: tema, lengua, usuarios, selección de herramientas de extracción lingüística, elaboración de la base de datos e informaciones que se van a incluir en la construcción del corpus. Lo anterior condujo a la recopilación de 208 términos, en un fichero léxico.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi descrever e explicar a relação entre as particularidades morfossintáticas das palavras e o significado invocado através delas no contexto discursivo da pandemia, utilizando um quadro teórico de referência para o nível léxico-semântico. Para o efeito, foi coletado um número representativo de elementos lexicais, cuja caraterística comum foi a combinação estrutural de nomes coloquiais e quotidianos com nomes técnicos correspondentes à área da medicina, de modo a gerar novos termos, modificados e até ressignificados, mas alusivos ao carácter quotidiano do confinamento. O estudo foi desenvolvido de acordo com as abordagens da metodologia terminológica sistemática Cabré (2017) e Bevilacqua (2017), na medida em que deve seguir uma série de fases consecutivas: tema, língua, usuários, seleção de ferramentas de extração linguística, elaboração da base de dados e informações para incluir na construção do corpus. Isto levou à coleta de 208 termos num ficheiro lexical.

Abstract The purpose of the study was to describe and explain the relationship between the morphosyntactic particularities of words and the meaning invoked through them in the discursive context of the pandemic, using the theoretical framework of reference for the lexical-semantic level. To this effect, a representative number of lexical elements was collected, whose common feature was the structural combination of colloquial and everyday terms with the technical ones corresponding to the field of medicine, in order to generate new terms, modified and even resignified, but alluding to the daily life of the lockdown. This study was conducted according to the principles of Cabré and Bevilacqua’s systematic terminological methodology, wherein a series of consecutive phases must be followed, namely: topic, language, users, selection of linguistic extraction tools, preparation of the database, and the information to be included in the construction of the corpus. The above led to the compilation of 208 terms in a lexical file.

BACKGROUND. The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound effect on the health sector globally and in South Africa (SA). OBJECTIVE. To review the effects of COVID-19 on maternal, perinatal and reproductive health outcomes and service utilisation in SA. METHODS. Three routine national data collection systems were sourced: the District Health Information System, the Saving Mothers reports of the National Committee on Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths and the Saving Babies reports from the National Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality Committee using data from the Perinatal Problem Identification Program. RESULTS. There were 35% and 8% increases in maternal and stillbirth mortality rates, respectively, in 2020 and 2021, which correlated with the COVID-19 waves. However, in 2022, rates returned to pre-COVID levels. Antenatal visits and facility births showed little change, but there was a shift to more rural provinces. The use of oral and injectable contraceptives and termination of pregnancy services decreased markedly in 2020 and 2021, with a sustained shift to long-acting reversible contraceptives. The increase in maternal deaths was predominantly due to COVID-19 respiratory complications, but also an increase in obstetric haemorrhage. Stillbirths increased significantly (10%) for birthweights between 2 000 g and 2 499 g, categorised mostly as unexplained stillbirths or preterm labour, but no increase in neonatal deaths was observed. Administrative avoidable factors increased by 24% in the 2020 - 2022 triennium, but there was no increase in patient/community level or healthcare provider-related avoidable factors during the pandemic years. CONCLUSION. COVID-19 caused a marked increase in maternal death and stillbirth rates in 2020 and 2021 due to both direct effects of the virus and indirect effects on functioning of the health system. The continued, although modified, health-seeking behaviour of women and the rapid return to pre-COVID-19 mortality rates demonstrates enormous resilience in women and the health system.