BACKGROUND: Chronic mental illnesses such as schizophrenia affect patients' functioning, making caregiving necessary although burdensome AIM: This study aimed to determine caregiver burden and its sociodemographic determinants in family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia attending a Psychiatric Outpatient Department (POD SETTING: Tertiary hospital in Northern Pretoria, South Africa METHODS: In this cross-sectional study conducted over 3 months, 300 consecutive family caregivers who attended the POD were administered a 22-item Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22), which has a score of 0-88, with higher values indicating more burden. Their sociodemographic characteristics were ascertained. Linear and ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to identify determinants or predictors of total and severe burdens, respectively RESULTS: Most caregivers were aged 46.0 ± 14 years, females (62%), parents (39%), of low-income status (93.7%), had secondary education (70%), resided with the patient (87%), and helped with all troublesome activities (95.3%). The median ZBI-22 score was 19.0 (interquartile range: 13.0-30.5). The determinants of both total and severe burdens were: caregiver age ≥ 50 years adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.55, confidence interval (CI): 1.49-4.36; residential area farther away from the hospital aOR: 1.76, CI: 1.3-2.99; increasing months of caregiving aOR: 1.0, CI: 1.001-1.009, p = 0.006; and not having another family member that needs care aOR: 0.43, CI: 0.24-0.78 CONCLUSION: Having mental healthcare facilities close to residential areas and assisting caregivers aged ≥ 50 years who have multiple family members who need care may alleviate the burden CONTRIBUTION: Predicting total and severe caregiver burdens contemporaneously is effective for identifying potential burden interventions

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study aims to propose a comprehensive alternative to the Bland-Altman plot method, addressing its limitations and providing a statistical framework for evaluating the equivalences of measurement techniques. This involves introducing an innovative three-step approach for assessing accuracy, precision, and agreement between techniques, which enhances objectivity in equivalence assessment. Additionally, the development of an R package that is easy to use enables researchers to efficiently analyze and interpret technique equivalences. METHODS Inferential statistics support for equivalence between measurement techniques was proposed in three nested tests. These were based on structural regressions with the goal to assess the equivalence of structural means (accuracy), the equivalence of structural variances (precision), and concordance with the structural bisector line (agreement in measurements obtained from the same subject), using analytical methods and robust approach by bootstrapping. To promote better understanding, graphical outputs following Bland and Altman’s principles were also implemented. RESULTS The performance of this method was shown and confronted by five data sets from previously published articles that used Bland and Altman’s method. One case demonstrated strict equivalence, three cases showed partial equivalence, and one showed poor equivalence. The developed R package containing open codes and data are available for free and with installation instructions at Harvard Dataverse at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/AGJPZH. CONCLUSION Although easy to communicate, the widely cited and applied Bland and Altman plot method is often misinterpreted, since it lacks suitable inferential statistical support. Common alternatives, such as Pearson’s correlation or ordinal least-square linear regression, also fail to locate the weakness of each measurement technique. It may be possible to test whether two techniques have full equivalence by preserving graphical communication, in accordance with Bland and Altman’s principles, but also adding robust and suitable inferential statistics. Decomposing equivalence into three features (accuracy, precision, and agreement) helps to locate the sources of the problem when fixing a new technique. BlandAltman threestep step accuracy precision assessment Additionally tests , (accuracy) (precision) subject, subject subject) bootstrapping understanding Altmans s implemented https//doi.org/10.7910/DVN/AGJPZH. httpsdoiorg107910DVNAGJPZH httpsdoiorgDVNAGJPZH https //doi.org/10.7910/DVN/AGJPZH. doi org 10 7910 DVN AGJPZH https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/AGJPZH communicate misinterpreted alternatives Pearsons Pearson leastsquare least square regression communication (accuracy (precision https//doi.org/10.7910/DVN/AGJPZH httpsdoiorg DVNAGJPZH doiorg107910DVNAGJPZH doiorgDVNAGJPZH //doi.org/10.7910/DVN/AGJPZH 1 791 doiorg 79 7

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study aims to propose a comprehensive alternative to the Bland-Altman plot method, addressing its limitations and providing a statistical framework for evaluating the equivalences of measurement techniques. This involves introducing an innovative three-step approach for assessing accuracy, precision, and agreement between techniques, which enhances objectivity in equivalence assessment. Additionally, the development of an R package that is easy to use enables researchers to efficiently analyze and interpret technique equivalences. METHODS Inferential statistics support for equivalence between measurement techniques was proposed in three nested tests. These were based on structural regressions with the goal to assess the equivalence of structural means (accuracy), the equivalence of structural variances (precision), and concordance with the structural bisector line (agreement in measurements obtained from the same subject), using analytical methods and robust approach by bootstrapping. To promote better understanding, graphical outputs following Bland and Altman’s principles were also implemented. RESULTS The performance of this method was shown and confronted by five data sets from previously published articles that used Bland and Altman’s method. One case demonstrated strict equivalence, three cases showed partial equivalence, and one showed poor equivalence. The developed R package containing open codes and data are available for free and with installation instructions at Harvard Dataverse at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/AGJPZH. CONCLUSION Although easy to communicate, the widely cited and applied Bland and Altman plot method is often misinterpreted, since it lacks suitable inferential statistical support. Common alternatives, such as Pearson’s correlation or ordinal least-square linear regression, also fail to locate the weakness of each measurement technique. It may be possible to test whether two techniques have full equivalence by preserving graphical communication, in accordance with Bland and Altman’s principles, but also adding robust and suitable inferential statistics. Decomposing equivalence into three features (accuracy, precision, and agreement) helps to locate the sources of the problem when fixing a new technique.

Abstract Recent literature points to the beneficial effects of religiosity on coping with stressors associated with the job market, serving as a channel of social and psychological support. However, little is known about how and to what extent religious beliefs and practices influence the values, opinions, perceptions and social attitudes of the youth segment. Given this, this article aims to understand the importance of the intensity of religious practice on the job search motivation of young Brazilians, using data from the 2013 National Health Survey (PNS). To this aim, an empirical strategy was adopted based on the extended regression model (ERM), and more specifically, the probit model with endogenous ordinal treatment. Generally speaking, estimates indicate that religion improves the incentive to leave total inactivity and seek occupational engagement, even in young people who are partially dedicated to studies. The results point to a growing effect of religious intensity on the search for employment vis-à-vis inactivity. An average treatment effect of engagement in the labor market is estimated at 28.7 percentage points (p.p.) for young people with moderate attendance and 61.3 p.p. for those with high participation in religious activities. The results favor the hypothesis that attendance at religious practices can not only provide relief from adverse conditions, but also provide a channel to stimulate young people’s search for employment. support However values opinions segment Brazilians 201 PNS. PNS . (PNS) aim ERM, ERM , (ERM) specifically speaking studies visàvis vis à 287 28 7 28. pp p (p.p. 613 61 3 61. p.p activities conditions peoples s 20 (PNS (ERM 2 (p.p 6

Resumo A literatura recente aponta os efeitos benéficos da religiosidade sobre o enfrentamento de estressores associados ao mercado de trabalho, servindo como um canal de apoio social e psicológico. Contudo, pouco se sabe a respeito de como e até que ponto as crenças e as práticas religiosas influenciam os valores, opiniões, percepções e atitudes sociais do segmento juvenil. Diante disto, este artigo tem como objetivo compreender a importância da intensidade da prática religiosa sobre a motivação de busca por trabalho de jovens brasileiros, usando dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2013. Para tanto, adotou-se uma estratégia empírica baseada no modelo de regressão estendida (ERM), mais especificamente o probit com tratamento endógeno ordinal. Em grosso modo, as estimativas apontam que a religião melhora o incentivo de sair da total inatividade e procurar um engajamento ocupacional, mesmo em jovens que estão parcialmente dedicados aos estudos. Os resultados apontam um efeito crescente da intensidade religiosa na busca por emprego vis-à-vis a inatividade. Estima-se um efeito de tratamento médio de engajamento no mercado de trabalho de 28,7 pontos percentuais (p.p.) para jovens com frequência moderada e 61,3 p.p. para aqueles com alta participação nas atividades religiosas. Os resultados favorecem a hipótese que a frequência em práticas religiosas pode não apenas ser alívio de condições adversas, mas também um canal de estímulo na procura por emprego por parte dos jovens. psicológico Contudo valores opiniões juvenil disto brasileiros PNS (PNS 2013 tanto adotouse adotou ERM, ERM , (ERM) ordinal modo ocupacional estudos visàvis vis à Estimase Estima 287 28 7 28, pp p (p.p. 613 61 3 61, p.p adversas 201 (ERM 2 (p.p 6 20

ABSTRACT Background: Dengue is a disease that accounts for a major morbidity and mortality in Honduras. Methods: This descriptive study used an analytical component based on the data from the National Virology Laboratory between 2016-2022. Ordinal logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with the classification of dengue without warning signs (DWOS), dengue with warning signs (DWS), and severe dengue (SD). Results: Overall, 14,687 dengue cases were included; 50.1% had DWOS, 36.5% had DWS, and 13.4% had SD. Patients that were more associated with a higher probability of DWS and SD were patients in the age groups 1-4 years (DWS OR 1.61; 95%CI:1.33-1.94), (SD OR 1.52; 95% CI:1.26-1.84), 5-9 years (DWS OR 2.01; 95% CI:1.68-2.40), (SD OR 2.00; 95% CI:1.67-2.40), and 10-19 years (DWS OR 1.55; 95% CI:1.30-1.85) (SD OR 1.57; 95% CI:1.31-1.88). The departments that were associated with a higher probability of DWS and SD were La Paz (OR 6.35; 95% CI:3.53-11.42), (OR 10.94; 95% CI:5.96-20.08), Copán (OR 6.94; 95% CI:5.05-9.53) (OR 7.33; 95% CI: 5.35-10.03), Valle (OR 5.22; 95% CI:1.25-21.82) (OR 10.71; 95% CI:2.21-51.88). Conclusions: During the study period, dengue presented endemic behavior, with peaks consistent with the last two epidemics in Honduras in 2015 and 2019. The main factors associated with dengue severity were age< 19 years, male sex, and being from La Paz, Copán, or Valle. Background Methods 20162022. 20162022 2016 2022. 2022 2016-2022 DWOS , (DWOS) (DWS) . (SD) Results Overall 14687 14 687 14,68 included 501 50 1 50.1 365 36 5 36.5 134 13 4 13.4 1- 1.61 161 61 95%CI1.331.94, 95CI133194 CI 95%CI 1.33 1.94 95 33 94 95%CI:1.33-1.94) 1.52 152 52 CI1.261.84, CI126184 1.26 1.84 26 84 CI:1.26-1.84) 59 9 5- 2.01 201 2 01 CI1.682.40, CI168240 1.68 2.40 68 40 CI:1.68-2.40) 2.00 200 00 CI1.672.40, CI167240 1.67 67 CI:1.67-2.40) 1019 10 10-1 1.55 155 55 CI1.301.85 CI130185 1.30 1.85 30 85 CI:1.30-1.85 1.57 157 57 CI1.311.88. CI131188 1.31 1.88 31 88 CI:1.31-1.88) 6.35 635 6 35 CI3.5311.42, CI3531142 3.53 11.42 3 53 11 42 CI:3.53-11.42) 10.94 1094 CI5.9620.08, CI5962008 5.96 20.08 96 20 08 CI:5.96-20.08) 6.94 694 CI5.059.53 CI505953 5.05 9.53 05 CI:5.05-9.53 7.33 733 7 5.3510.03, 5351003 5.35 10.03 03 5.35-10.03) 5.22 522 22 CI1.2521.82 CI1252182 1.25 21.82 25 21 82 CI:1.25-21.82 10.71 1071 71 CI2.2151.88. CI2215188 2.21 51.88 51 CI:2.21-51.88) Conclusions period behavior 2019 sex 2016202 202 2016-202 (DWOS 1468 14,6 50. 36. 13. 1.6 16 CI1 331 95%CI1.331.94 95CI13319 95CI 133 1.3 194 1.9 95%CI:1.33-1.94 1.5 15 261 CI1.261.84 CI12618 126 1.2 184 1.8 8 CI:1.26-1.84 2.0 0 682 CI1.682.40 CI16824 168 240 2.4 CI:1.68-2.40 672 CI1.672.40 CI16724 167 CI:1.67-2.40 101 10- 301 CI1.301.8 CI13018 130 185 CI:1.30-1.8 311 CI1.311.88 CI13118 131 188 CI:1.31-1.88 6.3 63 CI3 5311 CI3.5311.42 CI353114 353 3.5 1142 11.4 CI:3.53-11.42 10.9 109 CI5 9620 CI5.9620.08 CI596200 596 5.9 2008 20.0 CI:5.96-20.08 6.9 69 059 CI5.059.5 CI50595 505 5.0 953 9.5 CI:5.05-9.5 7.3 73 3510 5.3510.03 535100 535 5.3 1003 10.0 5.35-10.03 5.2 2521 CI1.2521.8 CI125218 125 2182 21.8 CI:1.25-21.8 10.7 107 CI2 2151 CI2.2151.88 CI221518 221 2.2 5188 51.8 CI:2.21-51.88 201620 2016-20 146 14, 1. 95%CI1.331.9 95CI1331 95%CI:1.33-1.9 CI1.261.8 CI1261 12 18 CI:1.26-1.8 2. CI1.682.4 CI1682 24 CI:1.68-2.4 CI1.672.4 CI1672 CI:1.67-2.4 CI1.301. CI1301 CI:1.30-1. CI1.311.8 CI1311 CI:1.31-1.8 6. 531 CI3.5311.4 CI35311 3. 114 11. CI:3.53-11.4 10. 962 CI5.9620.0 CI59620 5. 20. CI:5.96-20.0 CI5.059. CI5059 9. CI:5.05-9. 7. 351 5.3510.0 53510 100 5.35-10.0 252 CI1.2521. CI12521 218 21. CI:1.25-21. 215 CI2.2151.8 CI22151 518 51. CI:2.21-51.8 20162 2016-2 95%CI1.331. 95CI133 95%CI:1.33-1. CI1.261. CI126 CI:1.26-1. CI1.682. CI168 CI:1.68-2. CI1.672. CI167 CI:1.67-2. CI1.301 CI130 CI:1.30-1 CI1.311. CI131 CI:1.31-1. CI3.5311. CI3531 CI:3.53-11. CI5.9620. CI5962 CI:5.96-20. CI5.059 CI505 CI:5.05-9 5.3510. 5351 5.35-10. CI1.2521 CI1252 CI:1.25-21 CI2.2151. CI2215 CI:2.21-51. 2016- 95%CI1.331 95CI13 95%CI:1.33-1 CI1.261 CI12 CI:1.26-1 CI1.682 CI16 CI:1.68-2 CI1.672 CI:1.67-2 CI1.30 CI13 CI:1.30- CI1.311 CI:1.31-1 CI3.5311 CI353 CI:3.53-11 CI5.9620 CI596 CI:5.96-20 CI5.05 CI50 CI:5.05- 5.3510 5.35-10 CI1.252 CI125 CI:1.25-2 CI2.2151 CI221 CI:2.21-51 95%CI1.33 95CI1 95%CI:1.33- CI1.26 CI:1.26- CI1.68 CI:1.68- CI1.67 CI:1.67- CI1.3 CI:1.30 CI1.31 CI:1.31- CI3.531 CI35 CI:3.53-1 CI5.962 CI59 CI:5.96-2 CI5.0 CI:5.05 5.351 5.35-1 CI1.25 CI:1.25- CI2.215 CI22 CI:2.21-5 95%CI1.3 95%CI:1.33 CI1.2 CI:1.26 CI1.6 CI:1.68 CI:1.67 CI1. CI:1.3 CI:1.31 CI3.53 CI:3.53- CI5.96 CI:5.96- CI5. CI:5.0 5.35- CI:1.25 CI2.21 CI:2.21- 95%CI1. 95%CI:1.3 CI:1.2 CI:1.6 CI:1. CI3.5 CI:3.53 CI5.9 CI:5.96 CI:5. CI2.2 CI:2.21 95%CI1 95%CI:1. CI:1 CI3. CI:3.5 CI:5.9 CI:5 CI2. CI:2.2 95%CI:1 CI:3. CI:2. 95%CI: CI:3 CI:2

ABSTRACT Objective To identify groups of transgender women and travestis (TGW) with specific patterns of gender-based discrimination (GBD) and analyze the factors associated with GBD. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with TGW recruited through respondent-driven sampling in five Brazilian cities (2019-2021). Latent class analysis was used to characterize GBD (low, medium, and high) using 14 observable variables. Descriptive analysis was performed, and associations between predictor variables and GBD were estimated by adjusted odds ratios (aOR) using ordinal logistic regression. Results Out of a total of 1,317 TGW, 906 (68.8%) answered questions about GBD. Most were under 34 years old, single, and had a Brown race/skin color. GBD was classified as “low,” “medium,” and “high,” with estimates of 41.7, 44.5, and 13.8%, respectively. Variables positively associated with higher intensity of GBD included living in Manaus compared to São Paulo, being ≤34 years old compared to >34, being homeless compared to living in one’s own house or rented apartment, not having legally changed one’s name compared to those who had, and reporting physical or sexual violence compared to those who did not report. Variables negatively associated with higher intensity of GBD included having a Brown or Asian race/skin color compared to White and a monthly income ≥1 minimum wage compared to ³1. Conclusion A high proportion of GBD was observed in Brazilian TGW, with this outcome associated with more vulnerable sociodemographic characteristics and a history of violence. (TGW genderbased gender based (GBD crosssectional cross sectional respondentdriven respondent driven 20192021. 20192021 2019 2021 . (2019-2021) low, low (low medium 1 performed aOR (aOR regression 1317 317 1,31 90 68.8% 688 68 8 (68.8% 3 single raceskin race skin “low, “medium, high, “high, 417 41 7 41.7 445 44 5 44.5 138 13 13.8% respectively Paulo ≤3 >34 ones one s apartment report ≥ ³1 2019202 201 202 (2019-2021 131 31 1,3 9 68.8 6 (68.8 “low “medium “high 4 41. 44. 13.8 ≤ >3 ³ 201920 20 (2019-202 1, 68. (68. 13. > 20192 2 (2019-20 (68 (2019-2 (6 (2019- ( (2019 (201 (20 (2

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar grupos de mulheres trans e travestis (MTT) com padrões específicos de discriminação por identidade de gênero (DIG) e analisar os fatores associados à DIG. Métodos Estudo transversal com MTT recrutadas por respondent-driven sampling em cinco capitais brasileiras (2019-2021). Análise de classes latentes foi usada para caracterizar a DIG (em baixa, média e alta) usando 14 variáveis observáveis. Análise descritiva foi realizada e as associações entre variáveis preditoras e DIG foram estimadas por odds ratio ajustados (ORaj), usando regressão logística ordinal. Resultados Do total de 1.317 MTT, 906 (68,8%) responderam perguntas sobre DIG. A maioria apresentava idade ≤34 anos, solteiras e com raça/cor de pele parda. DIG foi classificada em “baixa”, “média” e “alta”, com estimativas de 41,7, 44,5, 13,8%, respectivamente. As variáveis positivamente associadas à maior intensidade de DIG foram: morar em Manaus em comparação com São Paulo; possuir idade £34 anos em comparação com idade >34; estar em situação de rua em comparação com quem mora em casa ou apartamento próprio ou alugado; não ter retificado o nome em documento em comparação com quem retificou; e relato de violência física ou sexual em comparação com quem não relatou. As variáveis negativamente associadas à maior intensidade de DIG foram: raça/cor de pele parda ou amarela em comparação com branca; e renda média mensal <1 salário mínimo em comparação com ≥1 salários. Conclusão Observaram-se alta proporção de DIG em MTT brasileiras e associação desse desfecho com características sociodemográficas mais vulneráveis e histórico de violência. (MTT (DIG respondentdriven respondent driven 20192021. 20192021 2019 2021 . (2019-2021) baixa 1 observáveis ORaj, ORaj , (ORaj) ordinal 1317 317 1.31 90 68,8% 688 68 8 (68,8% 34 ≤3 raçacor raça cor “baixa” “média alta, “alta” 417 41 7 41,7 445 44 5 44,5 138 13 13,8% respectivamente Paulo £3 >34 alugado retificou relatou branca < ≥ salários Observaramse Observaram se 2019202 201 202 (2019-2021 (ORaj 131 31 1.3 9 68,8 6 (68,8 3 ≤ “baixa “alta 4 41, 44, 13,8 £ >3 201920 20 (2019-202 1. 68, (68, 13, > 20192 2 (2019-20 (68 (2019-2 (6 (2019- ( (2019 (201 (20 (2

Abstract: This study investigated the association between head of household disability and the severity of food insecurity in Colombian households during 2017. A secondary data analysis was conducted based on 2017 Colombian National Quality of Life Survey (ECV 2017). As the independent variable, disability was assessed using questions from the Washington group, whereas the dependent variable - food insecurity - was measured by the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA). Sociodemographic confounding variables and variables related to food insecurity were included. Association was analyzed by ordinal logistic regression, and the odds ratio (OR) was estimated with its 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). All calculations considered the complex sampling of ECV 2017. Data from 8,488 heads of household were included. A total of 9.2% of the participants had some type of disability and 41.8% reported some level of household food insecurity. Households with a head of household with some disability were 30% more likely to develop severe food insecurity compared with households with a head of household without disabilities (OR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.07-1.59), adjusted for multiple confounding variables. In 2017, Colombian households with heads of household with disabilities were more likely to develop severe food insecurity. It is essential to implement nutritional assistance programs aimed at vulnerable populations, such as people with disabilities. Abstract 201 . 2017) group ELCSA. ELCSA (ELCSA) included regression OR 95 95%CI. 95CI CI 95%CI (95%CI) 8488 8 488 8,48 92 9 2 9.2 418 41 41.8 30 1.30 130 1 1.071.59, 107159 1.07 1.59 , 07 59 1.07-1.59) populations 20 (ELCSA (95%CI 848 48 8,4 9. 4 41. 3 1.3 13 071 1.071.59 10715 107 1.0 159 1.5 0 5 1.07-1.59 84 8, 1. 1.071.5 1071 10 15 1.07-1.5 1.071. 1.07-1. 1.071 1.07-1 1.07-

Resumo: Este estudo busca determinar a associação entre a deficiência do chefe de família e a gravidade da insegurança alimentar em domicílios colombianos durante 2017. Foi realizada uma análise secundária dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Qualidade de Vida de 2017 (ECV 2017) da Colômbia. A variável independente foi a deficiência, avaliada por meio de perguntas do grupo de Washington, e a variável dependente foi a insegurança alimentar, medida pela Escala de Segurança Alimentar da América Latina e do Caribe (ELCSA). Foram incluídas variáveis de confusão sociodemográficas e relacionadas à insegurança alimentar. A regressão logística ordinal foi utilizada para analisar a associação, e a razão de probabilidades (OR) foi estimada com seus intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Em todos os cálculos foi considerada a amostragem complexa da ECV 2017. Foram incluídos dados de 8.488 chefes de família. Houve 9,2% dos participantes com algum tipo de deficiência e 41,8% relataram que seu domicílio apresentava algum nível de insegurança alimentar. Os domicílios com chefe de família com deficiência tiveram 30% mais chances de desenvolver insegurança alimentar mais grave, em comparação com as famílias com chefe de família sem deficiência (OR = 1,30; IC95%: 1,07-1,59), ajustado para múltiplas variáveis de confusão. Em 2017, os domicílios colombianos com chefes de família com deficiência tiveram maior probabilidade de desenvolver insegurança alimentar grave. É necessária a implementação de programas de assistência nutricional voltados para populações vulneráveis como as pessoas com deficiência. Resumo 201 Colômbia Washington ELCSA. ELCSA . (ELCSA) OR 95 IC95%. IC95 IC IC95% (IC95%) 8488 8 488 8.48 92 9 2 9,2 418 41 41,8 30 grave 1,30 130 1 1,071,59, 107159 1,07 1,59 , 07 59 1,07-1,59) 20 (ELCSA IC9 (IC95% 848 48 8.4 9, 4 41, 3 1,3 13 071 1,071,59 10715 107 1,0 159 1,5 0 5 1,07-1,59 (IC95 84 8. 1, 1,071,5 1071 10 15 1,07-1,5 (IC9 1,071, 1,07-1, (IC 1,071 1,07-1 1,07-

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la asociación entre la discapacidad del jefe de familia y la severidad de la inseguridad alimentaria de su hogar, en pobladores de Colombia, durante el 2017. Se realizó un análisis secundario de los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida del 2017 (ECV 2017) de Colombia. La variable independiente fue la discapacidad evaluada con las preguntas del grupo de Washington y la variable dependiente fue la inseguridad alimentaria medida con la Escala Latinoamericana y Caribeña de Seguridad Alimentaria (ELCSA). Se incluyeron variables de confusión sociodemográficas y relacionadas con la inseguridad alimentaria. Para demostrar la asociación se utilizó la regresión logística ordinal y se estimaron odds ratio (OR) con sus intervalos de 95% de confianza (IC95%). En todos los cálculos se consideró el muestreo complejo de la ECV 2017. Se incluyeron los datos de 8.488 jefes de familia. El 9,2% admitió que tenía alguna discapacidad y el 41,8% refirió que su hogar presentaba algún nivel de inseguridad alimentaria. Los hogares con un jefe de familia con discapacidad tuvieron 30% más probabilidad de mayor severidad de inseguridad alimentaria, en comparación con los hogares con un jefe de familia sin discapacidad (OR = 1,30; IC95%: 1,07-1,59), ajustado por múltiples variables de confusión. En conclusión, en Colombia, durante el 2017, la discapacidad de los jefes de familia aumentó la probabilidad de mayor severidad de la inseguridad alimentaria en sus hogares. Es necesaria la creación de programas de asistencia nutricional enfocados en las poblaciones vulnerables como las personas con discapacidad. Resumen Colombia 201 ELCSA. ELCSA . (ELCSA) OR 95 IC95%. IC95 IC IC95% (IC95%) 8488 8 488 8.48 92 9 2 9,2 418 41 41,8 30 1,30 130 1 1,071,59, 107159 1,07 1,59 , 07 59 1,07-1,59) conclusión 20 (ELCSA IC9 (IC95% 848 48 8.4 9, 4 41, 3 1,3 13 071 1,071,59 10715 107 1,0 159 1,5 0 5 1,07-1,59 (IC95 84 8. 1, 1,071,5 1071 10 15 1,07-1,5 (IC9 1,071, 1,07-1, (IC 1,071 1,07-1 1,07-

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar grupos de mulheres trans e travestis (MTT) com padrões específicos de discriminação por identidade de gênero (DIG) e analisar os fatores associados à DIG. Métodos Estudo transversal com MTT recrutadas por respondent-driven sampling em cinco capitais brasileiras (2019-2021). Análise de classes latentes foi usada para caracterizar a DIG (em baixa, média e alta) usando 14 variáveis observáveis. Análise descritiva foi realizada e as associações entre variáveis preditoras e DIG foram estimadas por odds ratio ajustados (ORaj), usando regressão logística ordinal. Resultados Do total de 1.317 MTT, 906 (68,8%) responderam perguntas sobre DIG. A maioria apresentava idade ≤34 anos, solteiras e com raça/cor de pele parda. DIG foi classificada em “baixa”, “média” e “alta”, com estimativas de 41,7, 44,5, 13,8%, respectivamente. As variáveis positivamente associadas à maior intensidade de DIG foram: morar em Manaus em comparação com São Paulo; possuir idade £34 anos em comparação com idade >34; estar em situação de rua em comparação com quem mora em casa ou apartamento próprio ou alugado; não ter retificado o nome em documento em comparação com quem retificou; e relato de violência física ou sexual em comparação com quem não relatou. As variáveis negativamente associadas à maior intensidade de DIG foram: raça/cor de pele parda ou amarela em comparação com branca; e renda média mensal <1 salário mínimo em comparação com ≥1 salários. Conclusão Observaram-se alta proporção de DIG em MTT brasileiras e associação desse desfecho com características sociodemográficas mais vulneráveis e histórico de violência.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify groups of transgender women and travestis (TGW) with specific patterns of gender-based discrimination (GBD) and analyze the factors associated with GBD. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with TGW recruited through respondent-driven sampling in five Brazilian cities (2019-2021). Latent class analysis was used to characterize GBD (low, medium, and high) using 14 observable variables. Descriptive analysis was performed, and associations between predictor variables and GBD were estimated by adjusted odds ratios (aOR) using ordinal logistic regression. Results Out of a total of 1,317 TGW, 906 (68.8%) answered questions about GBD. Most were under 34 years old, single, and had a Brown race/skin color. GBD was classified as “low,” “medium,” and “high,” with estimates of 41.7, 44.5, and 13.8%, respectively. Variables positively associated with higher intensity of GBD included living in Manaus compared to São Paulo, being ≤34 years old compared to >34, being homeless compared to living in one’s own house or rented apartment, not having legally changed one’s name compared to those who had, and reporting physical or sexual violence compared to those who did not report. Variables negatively associated with higher intensity of GBD included having a Brown or Asian race/skin color compared to White and a monthly income ≥1 minimum wage compared to ³1. Conclusion A high proportion of GBD was observed in Brazilian TGW, with this outcome associated with more vulnerable sociodemographic characteristics and a history of violence.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la asociación entre la discapacidad del jefe de familia y la severidad de la inseguridad alimentaria de su hogar, en pobladores de Colombia, durante el 2017. Se realizó un análisis secundario de los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida del 2017 (ECV 2017) de Colombia. La variable independiente fue la discapacidad evaluada con las preguntas del grupo de Washington y la variable dependiente fue la inseguridad alimentaria medida con la Escala Latinoamericana y Caribeña de Seguridad Alimentaria (ELCSA). Se incluyeron variables de confusión sociodemográficas y relacionadas con la inseguridad alimentaria. Para demostrar la asociación se utilizó la regresión logística ordinal y se estimaron odds ratio (OR) con sus intervalos de 95% de confianza (IC95%). En todos los cálculos se consideró el muestreo complejo de la ECV 2017. Se incluyeron los datos de 8.488 jefes de familia. El 9,2% admitió que tenía alguna discapacidad y el 41,8% refirió que su hogar presentaba algún nivel de inseguridad alimentaria. Los hogares con un jefe de familia con discapacidad tuvieron 30% más probabilidad de mayor severidad de inseguridad alimentaria, en comparación con los hogares con un jefe de familia sin discapacidad (OR = 1,30; IC95%: 1,07-1,59), ajustado por múltiples variables de confusión. En conclusión, en Colombia, durante el 2017, la discapacidad de los jefes de familia aumentó la probabilidad de mayor severidad de la inseguridad alimentaria en sus hogares. Es necesaria la creación de programas de asistencia nutricional enfocados en las poblaciones vulnerables como las personas con discapacidad.

Resumo: Este estudo busca determinar a associação entre a deficiência do chefe de família e a gravidade da insegurança alimentar em domicílios colombianos durante 2017. Foi realizada uma análise secundária dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Qualidade de Vida de 2017 (ECV 2017) da Colômbia. A variável independente foi a deficiência, avaliada por meio de perguntas do grupo de Washington, e a variável dependente foi a insegurança alimentar, medida pela Escala de Segurança Alimentar da América Latina e do Caribe (ELCSA). Foram incluídas variáveis de confusão sociodemográficas e relacionadas à insegurança alimentar. A regressão logística ordinal foi utilizada para analisar a associação, e a razão de probabilidades (OR) foi estimada com seus intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Em todos os cálculos foi considerada a amostragem complexa da ECV 2017. Foram incluídos dados de 8.488 chefes de família. Houve 9,2% dos participantes com algum tipo de deficiência e 41,8% relataram que seu domicílio apresentava algum nível de insegurança alimentar. Os domicílios com chefe de família com deficiência tiveram 30% mais chances de desenvolver insegurança alimentar mais grave, em comparação com as famílias com chefe de família sem deficiência (OR = 1,30; IC95%: 1,07-1,59), ajustado para múltiplas variáveis de confusão. Em 2017, os domicílios colombianos com chefes de família com deficiência tiveram maior probabilidade de desenvolver insegurança alimentar grave. É necessária a implementação de programas de assistência nutricional voltados para populações vulneráveis como as pessoas com deficiência.

Abstract: This study investigated the association between head of household disability and the severity of food insecurity in Colombian households during 2017. A secondary data analysis was conducted based on 2017 Colombian National Quality of Life Survey (ECV 2017). As the independent variable, disability was assessed using questions from the Washington group, whereas the dependent variable - food insecurity - was measured by the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA). Sociodemographic confounding variables and variables related to food insecurity were included. Association was analyzed by ordinal logistic regression, and the odds ratio (OR) was estimated with its 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). All calculations considered the complex sampling of ECV 2017. Data from 8,488 heads of household were included. A total of 9.2% of the participants had some type of disability and 41.8% reported some level of household food insecurity. Households with a head of household with some disability were 30% more likely to develop severe food insecurity compared with households with a head of household without disabilities (OR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.07-1.59), adjusted for multiple confounding variables. In 2017, Colombian households with heads of household with disabilities were more likely to develop severe food insecurity. It is essential to implement nutritional assistance programs aimed at vulnerable populations, such as people with disabilities.

BACKGROUND: Age, gender and household infrastructure are important social determinants affecting health inequalities. This study aims to assess the ways that age and gender of the household head and household infrastructure intersect to create relative advantage and disadvantage in COVID-19 vulnerability. METHODS: Using household primary care survey data from Mamelodi, Gauteng, headed households were sorted into three risk categories for each of the relevant infrastructural determinants of COVID-19. Bivariate ordinal logistic regression was used to determine the odds of households falling into each risk category. The proportion of high-risk (HR) categories and dwelling types was also calculated. RESULTS: Households headed by someone ≥ 65 years were less likely to be in all HR categories and more frequently had formal houses. Male-head households were more likely to be HR for water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure and indoor pollution; however, female-headed households (FHHs) were at higher risk for crowding. In Mamelodi, households headed by ≥ 65 years olds were relatively infrastructurally protected, likely because of pro-equity housing policy, as were FHHs, except for crowding. The care load on FHHs results in their infrastructural protection benefiting more community members, while simultaneously incurring risk. CONCLUSION: Infrastructural support based on the household head's age and gender could improve targeting and the effectiveness of health interventions. These results demonstrate the importance of a contextual understanding of gender and age inequalities and tailoring public health support based on this understanding. CONTRIBUTION: This research describes patterns of health-related infrastructural inequality, identifies ways to improve health interventions, and demonstrates the importance of equity-focused policy in an African context.

ABSTRACT The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of work motivation on the quality of service in a Peruvian restaurant chain, specifically at the Ate headquarters in Lima-Peru, 2023. A quantitative, transversal, explanatory and correlational approach was used. causal. The population as the census sample was made up of 50 employees of the restaurant chain studied. Data collection was carried out through surveys with a questionnaire composed of 23 items. The variables studied were work motivation (independent variable) broken down into two dimensions (intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation) and quality of care (dependent variable) in three dimensions (work efficiency, empathy with the client and the employee's responsiveness). Descriptive and inferential statistics techniques were applied using SPSS v28 for data analysis. Likewise, ordinal regression was used to verify the study hypotheses. Among the most relevant results are: acceptable internal consistency in the variables (Work motivation with ω=0.898 and Quality of care with ω=0.896) and the existence of causality between the variables with a Nagelkerke coefficient of 0.774 (77.4%). It is concluded that work motivation has a significant impact on the quality of care (p <0.05).

RESUMEN El objetivo principal de este estudio es determinar el impacto de la motivación laboral en la calidad de atención en una cadena peruana de restaurantes, específicamente en la sede Ate en Lima-Perú, 2023. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo, transversal, explicativo y correlacional-causal. La población como la muestra censal estuvo conformada por 50 colaboradores de la cadena de restaurantes estudiada. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante encuestas con un cuestionario compuesto por 23 ítems. Las variables estudiadas fueron motivación laboral (variable independiente) desglosada en dos dimensiones (motivación intrínseca y motivación extrínseca) y calidad de atención (variable dependiente) en tres dimensiones (eficiencia laboral, empatía con el cliente y capacidad de respuesta del colaborador). Se aplicó las técnicas de estadística descriptiva e inferencial utilizando SPSS v28 para el análisis de datos. Asimismo, se empleó la regresión ordinal para verificar las hipótesis del estudio. Entre los resultados más relevantes se encuentran: consistencia interna aceptable en las variables (Motivación laboral con ω=0.898 y Calidad de atención con ω=0.896) y la existencia de una causalidad entre las variables con un coeficiente de Nagelkerke en 0.774 (77.4%). Se concluye que la motivación laboral tiene un impacto significativo en la calidad de atención (p <0.05).

Abstract Although the Internet and e-commerce have contributed positively to the tourism sector, there is not much empirical research on the transformation of distribution channels or that considers the use of the Internet in travel planning as an antecedent of tourist satisfaction and loyalty. This paper aims to test the influence of online distribution channels in trip planning by tourists on their general satisfaction level and their loyalty towards the destination and to differentiate the profile of digital and traditional tourists. Quantitative research techniques are used to analyse the dataset of 1,387 surveys of tourists visiting the province of Burgos, Spain. Among those surveyed, 65% search for information online and 54% book or pay for services online. According to ordinal regression analysis, the use of online channels does not significantly influence the level of satisfaction, but according to binary logistic regression, it does significantly influence loyalty. The findings provide valuable information for developing marketing strategies in tourism organisations and support decision-makers in creating competitive tourism destinations that are resilient to the demographic challenge of depopulation.

Resumen A pesar de que Internet y el comercio electrónico han contribuido positivamente al sector turístico, no existen muchas investigaciones empíricas sobre la transformación de los canales de distribución ni que consideren el uso de Internet en la planificación del viaje como un antecedente de la satisfacción y lealtad del turista. Este trabajo pretende comprobar la influencia de los canales de distribución online en la planificación del viaje de los turistas sobre su nivel de satisfacción global y su lealtad al destino y diferenciar el perfil de los turistas digitales y tradicionales. Se utilizan técnicas de investigación cuantitativa para analizar el conjunto de datos formado por 1.387 encuestas de turistas que visitan la provincia de Burgos, España. Entre los encuestados, el 65% busca información online y el 54% reserva o paga servicios online. Según el análisis de regresión ordinal, el uso de los canales en línea no influye significativamente en el nivel de satisfacción, pero según la regresión logística binaria, influye significativamente en la lealtad. Los resultados proporcionan información valiosa para el desarrollo de estrategias de marketing en las organizaciones turísticas y apoyan a los responsables de la toma de decisiones en la creación de destinos turísticos competitivos resilientes ante el reto demográfico de la despoblación.

Abstract Introduction Chemotherapy response in early age-onset colorectal cancer patients is still controversial, and the results of chemotherapy response are unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the age of colorectal cancer patients and histopathological features and chemotherapy response. Methods This is a prospective observational study. The subjects in this study were colorectal cancer patients in the Digestive Surgery division at Tertiary Hospital in West Java from September 2021 to September 2022. Results There were 86 subjects who underwent chemotherapy in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Consisting of 39 patients of early age onset and 44 female patients. The most common histopathological feature in early age onset (EAO) and late age onset (LAO) was adenocarcinoma (25% and 46%, respectively). Stage III colorectal cancer affected 38 patients, while stage IV affected 48 patients. There was a significant relationship between early age onset and late age onset with histological features (p < 0.001). The patients with the highest chemotherapy response had stable diseases in EAO (17 patients) and LAO (20 patients). There was no statistically significant relationship between age, histological features, and stage of colorectal cancer and chemotherapy response (p > 0.05). The results of the ordinal logistic regression test showed no systematic relationship between chemotherapy response and age, histopathological features, gender, or cancer stage (p > 0.05). Conclusion There was no association between age and histopathologic features with chemotherapy response and there is no difference in chemotherapy response between early and late age onset. ageonset controversial unknown Therefore 202 2022 8 criteria 3 4 (EAO (LAO 25% 25 (25 46 46% respectively. respectively . respectively) p 0.001. 0001 0.001 0 001 0.001) 17 (1 20 (2 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) gender 2 000 0.00 00 1 ( 0.0 0.

Abstract Purpose: To characterize the employed population by income level in the tertiary sector in Mexico in 2005, 2020, and 2021. Methodological design: Using data from the National Occupation and Employment Survey, the labor market was segmented and three models of generalized ordinal logistic regression were estimated. The dependent variable was the income level, and as independent variables included age, gender, education level, employed population by occupation, formal and informal employment, company size, and subsectors. Results: As the workers’ age and educational level increase, the probabilities of receiving a higher income also increase. Additionally, women are less likely to reach the higher income level; however, the difference narrows in 2020 and 2021. At the same time, formal employment offers 22% less probability of earning 0 to 1 minimum wages compared to those in the informal sector. The probability of obtaining the maximum salary in a large company compared to a micro-enterprise is only 1%. The sectors with the highest probability of obtaining the highest income were social services, and government and international organizations. Research limitations: The models were estimated based on the National Occupation and Employment Survey using the classification of the employed population by nominal income level. Findings: The study reveals the segmentation of the labor market in tertiary activities, although a trend of reduction in the number of segments was detected through the reduction of probabilities.

Resumen Objetivo: caracterizar a la población ocupada por nivel de ingreso en el sector terciario en México en 2005, 2020 y 2021. Diseño Metodológico: con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo se segmentó el mercado de trabajo y se estimaron tres modelos de regresión logística ordinal generalizados. Se tomó como variable dependiente el nivel de ingreso y como independientes: nivel de instrucción, sexo, edad, población ocupada por condición de ocupación, empleo formal e informal, tamaño de empresa y por subsectores. Resultados: a medida que la edad y nivel de instrucción del trabajador se incrementan, las probabilidades de percibir un mayor ingreso aumentan. Además, las mujeres tienen menos probabilidades de alcanzar el ingreso superior; sin embargo, la diferencia se acorta en 2020 y 2021. Al mismo tiempo, el empleo formal ofrece 22% menos de probabilidad de obtener de 0 a 1 salarios mínimos en comparación con quienes se ubican en el sector informal. La probabilidad de obtener el máximo salario en empresa grande en comparación con la microempresa es apenas de 1%. Las ramas con mayor probabilidad de obtener el mejor ingreso fueron: Servicios sociales, y Gobierno y Organismos Internacionales. Limitaciones de la investigación: se estimaron los modelos con base en la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo sobre la clasificación de la población ocupada por nivel de ingreso nominal. Hallazgos: el estudio da cuenta de la segmentación del mercado de trabajo en las actividades terciarias, aunque se detectó, por medio de la reducción de las probabilidades, una tendencia en la disminución en el número de segmentos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the association between adherence to school meals and the co-occurrence of the regular consumption of healthy and unhealthy eating markers among Brazilian adolescents. Data from 67,881 adolescents in Brazilian public schools who participated in the 2015 National School Health Survey, were used. From the 7-day FFQ, the dependent variable was constructed, co-occurrence of regular consumption (≥ 5x/week) of healthy and unhealthy food markers, which was categorized as regular consumption of none, one or two, or three eating markers. We performed an ordinal logistic regression with adjustment for sociodemographic, eating habits outside of school, and school characteristics variables. The prevalence of the co-occurrence of the regular consumption of three healthy eating markers was 14.5%, and that of three unhealthy markers was 4.9%. High adherence to school meals (every day) was positively associated with regular consumption of healthy eating markers and inversely associated with regular consumption of unhealthy eating markers. The school meals provided by PNAE contribute to the promotion of healthy eating habits among Brazilian adolescents. cooccurrence co occurrence 67881 67 881 67,88 201 Survey used 7day day 7 FFQ constructed ≥ ( 5x/week 5xweek xweek 5x week x none two sociodemographic variables 145 14 5 14.5% 49 4 9 4.9% every 6788 6 88 67,8 20 1 14.5 4.9 678 8 67, 2 14. 4.

Resumo Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a associação entre a adesão à alimentação escolar e a coocorrência do consumo regular de marcadores de alimentação saudável e não saudável entre adolescentes brasileiros. Foram avaliados 67.881 adolescentes de escolas públicas brasileiras participantes da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE) de 2015. A partir do QFA de sete dias, construiu-se a variável dependente, coocorrência do consumo regular (≥ 5x/semana) de marcadores de alimentação saudável e não saudável, que foi categorizada em consumo regular de nenhum; um ou dois; ou três marcadores de alimentação. Realizou-se regressão logística ordinal com ajuste para variáveis sociodemográficas, hábitos alimentares fora da escola e características da escola. A prevalência da coocorrência do consumo regular de três marcadores de alimentação saudável foi de 14,5%, e de três marcadores de alimentação não saudável foi de 4,9%. A alta adesão à alimentação escolar (todos os dias) foi positivamente associada ao consumo regular de marcadores de alimentação saudável e inversamente associada ao consumo regular de marcadores de alimentação não saudável. A alimentação escolar fornecida pelo PNAE contribui para a promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis entre os adolescentes brasileiros. brasileiros 67881 67 881 67.88 PeNSE (PeNSE 2015 dias construiuse construiu se dependente ≥ ( 5x/semana 5xsemana xsemana 5x semana x nenhum dois Realizouse Realizou sociodemográficas 145 14 5 14,5% 49 4 9 4,9% todos 6788 6 88 67.8 201 1 14,5 4,9 678 8 67. 20 14, 4, 2