Abstract: American Spanish uses adverbial expressions that combine two prepositions, de and a, as exemplified in the phrase equivocarse de a feo ‘to be completely mistaken’. With just a diachronic analysis of CDH and CORDIAM corpora we are unable to identify the origin of expressions such as this, since they surface as late as the 19th century, mirroring already established spoken language. Diachronic reconstruction using observable variation in romance languages points to the existence of “lateral” diachronic development: the coincidence of American Spanish with Romanian. This allows us to conclude that this type of adverbial expression must have originated earlier in spoken Latin.

Resumen: El español hablado en América suele usar los adverbiales que combinan las dos preposiciones de y a según el tipo equivocarse de a feo. El análisis diacrónico de los corpus CDH y CORDIAM no permite identificar el origen de este tipo de adverbiales, ya que se trata de un fenómeno que surgió durante el siglo xix como reflejo del habla oral ya establecida. La técnica de la reconstrucción diacrónica a partir de la variación observable en las lenguas románicas conduce a un hecho de diacronía “lateral”: la coincidencia del uso americano con el de la lengua rumana. Ello admite afirmar que hubo una diacronía oral que se remonta al latín hablado.

Resumo: Este estudo corresponde a uma investigação-ação e tem como objetivo examinar a contribuição da estratégia de descrição de imagens implementada por meio do aplicativo TikTok® para melhorar a precisão oral de um grupo de cinco estudantes do primeiro ano de graduação do curso de Língua Inglesa I, do programa de Tradução e Interpretação em uma universidade chilena. Foi utilizada amostragem intencional, uma vez que os participantes foram escolhidos por apresentarem dificuldades para se expressar oralmente em inglês. A coleta de dados incluiu pré e pós-avaliações orais, bem como grupo focal e autoavaliação, de acordo com os objetivos da investigação. A intervenção consistiu em seis sessões nas quais os participantes praticaram diferentes estruturas gramaticais e vocabulário específico relacionado à descrição de imagens. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a utilização da técnica de descrição de imagens implementada através de vídeos carregados na aplicação TikTok® foi benéfica para os estudantes, pois permitiu-lhes melhorar a sua precisão oral tanto no uso adequado da gramática como na gestão do vocabulário. Além disso, as opiniões dos participantes no grupo focal e na autoavaliação quanto à utilização do TikTok® em contexto educativo foram positivas, destacando a sua utilidade e facilidade de utilização.

Abstract: Este estudio corresponde a una investigación acción y tiene como propósito examinar el aporte de la estrategia de descripción de imágenes implementada mediante la aplicación TikTok® para mejorar la precisión oral de un grupo de cinco estudiantes de primer año de pregrado del curso de Lengua Inglesa I, del programa de Traducción e Interpretación de una universidad chilena. Se utilizó un muestreo intencional, ya que los participantes fueron elegidos por tener dificultades para expresarse oralmente en inglés. La recopilación de datos incluyó evaluaciones orales previas y posteriores, así como un grupo focal y una autoevaluación, en concordancia con los objetivos de la investigación. La intervención constó de seis sesiones en las que los participantes practicaron diferentes estructuras gramaticales y vocabulario específico relacionado con la descripción de imágenes. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el uso de la técnica de descripción de imágenes implementada a través de vídeos subidos a la aplicación TikTok® fue beneficioso para los estudiantes, ya que les permitió mejorar su precisión oral tanto en el uso adecuado de la gramática como en el manejo del vocabulario. Además, las opiniones de los participantes en el grupo focal y en la autoevaluación en cuanto al uso de TikTok® en un contexto educativo fueron positivas, y destacaron su utilidad y facilidad de uso.

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different oral root canal filling materials on the expression of inflammatory factors and protease related molecules in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). A total of 90 patients with posterior tooth defects who underwent root canal therapy in our hospital were selected. They were divided into an observation group (group A) and a control group (group B) based on different root canal filling materials, with 45 teeth in each group. The group A patients were repaired with fiber post, composite resin combined with zirconia ceramic crown, while the group B patients were repaired with metal post core combined with metal ceramic crown. The clinical effect, periodontal index, restoration success rate, mastication efficiency, periodontal index, restoration effect, and the levels of GCF and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) before and after restoration were compared between the two groups. The clinical efficacy of the group A was better than that of the group B patients. The success rate of repair and chewing efficiency in the group A were higher than those in the group B. The completeness rate, color matching rate, edge fit rate, edge coloring qualification rate, and gingival qualification rate of the group A patients were higher than those of the group B patients. After repair, the levels of GCF and ALP in both groups of patients were higher than before repair, and the group B was raised than the group A. The PLI, GI, and SBI indices of the group A patients were reduced than those of the group B patients. The application of fiber post, composite resin combined with zirconia porcelain crown restoration in patients with posterior tooth defects after root canal treatment can improve the success rate, chewing efficiency, and restoration effect, with little impact on changes in GCF and ALP levels in the body.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los efectos de diferentes materiales de obturación del canal radicular sobre la expresión de factores inflamatorios y moléculas relacionadas con proteasas en el fluido crevicular gingival (GCF). Se seleccionaron un total de 90 pacientes con defectos de los dientes posteriores que se sometieron a tratamiento de canal en nuestro hospital. Se dividieron en un grupo de observación (grupo A) y un grupo control (grupo B) basado en diferentes materiales de obturación del canal radicular, con 45 dientes en cada grupo. Los dientes de los pacientes del grupo A fueron reparados con poste de fibra, resina compuesta combinada con corona de cerámica de circonio, mientras que los dientes de los pacientes del grupo B fueron reparados con núcleo de poste de metal combinado con corona de cerámica de metal. Se compararon en los dos grupos el efecto clínico, el índice periodontal, la tasa de éxito de la restauración, la eficiencia de la masticación, el índice periodontal, el efecto de la restauración y los niveles de GCF y fosfatasa alcalina (ALP) antes y después de la restauración. La eficacia clínica del grupo A fue mejor que la de los pacientes del grupo B. La tasa de éxito de la reparación y la eficiencia de la masticación en el grupo A fueron mayores que las del grupo B. La tasa de integridad, la tasa de coincidencia de colores, la tasa de ajuste de los bordes, la tasa de calificación de la coloración de los bordes y la tasa de calificación gingival de los pacientes del grupo A fueron mayores que las de los pacientes del grupo B. Después de la reparación, los niveles de GCF y ALP en ambos grupos de pacientes fueron más altos que antes de la reparación, y el grupo B aumentó más que el grupo A. Los índices PLI, GI y SBI de los pacientes del grupo A fueron más reducidos que los pacientes del grupo B. La aplicación de poste de fibra, resina compuesta combinada con restauración de corona de porcelana de circonio en pacientes con defectos de dientes posteriores después del tratamiento de canal puede mejorar la tasa de éxito, la eficiencia de la masticación y el efecto de la restauración, con poco impacto en los cambios en los niveles de GCF y ALP en el cuerpo.

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to examine the potential preventive properties of white tea extract, a potent antioxidant, against cisplatin-induced damage to the cerebral cortex. Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were distributed into healthy control, sham, (only White tea), cisplatin, and cisplatin+White tea groups. After white tea alone was administered per oral at a rate of 1.5 % for twelve days in experimental group rats only a single dose of 7 mg / kg cisplatin (CIS) was be administered intraperitoneally. We observed that oedematous areas in degenerative neurons in the cisplatin administration group. However, we monitored that degenerative neurons and oedematous were decreased in the white tea treatment group compared to the cisplatin group. In addition, we found increased in MDA and Caspase-3 levels in the Cisplatin application group compared to the control group (p<0.05). On the contrary, we found decreased in GSH levels in the Cisplatin application group compared to the control group (p<0.05). On the other hand, we found decreased in MDA, Caspase-3 levels and increased GSH levels in the Cisplatin application group compared to the control group (p<0.05). White tea has shown therapeutic effects on cisplatin-induced cerebral cortex injury via decreased oxidative stress and Caspase-3 expression.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar las posibles propiedades preventivas del extracto de té blanco, un potente antioxidante, contra el daño a la corteza cerebral inducido por el cisplatino. Treinta y seis ratas macho Sprague Dawley se distribuyeron en grupos control sano, simulado (solo té blanco), cisplatino y cisplatino + té blanco. Después de que se administró el té blanco solo por vía oral a una tasa del 1,5 % durante doce días, en ratas del grupo experimental solo se administraró una dosis única de 7 mg/kg de cisplatino (CIS) por vía intraperitoneal. Observamos áreas edematosas en neuronas degenerativas en el grupo de administración de cisplatino. Sin embargo, observamos que las neuronas degenerativas y edematosas disminuyeran en el grupo con tratamiento con té blanco en comparación con el grupo de cisplatino. Además, se observó un aumento en los niveles de MDA y Caspasa-3 en el grupo de aplicación de cisplatino en comparación con el grupo control (p<0,05). Por el contrario, encontramos una disminución en los niveles de GSH en el grupo con aplicación de cisplatino en comparación con el grupo control (p<0,05). Por otro lado, encontramos una disminución en los niveles de MDA, Caspasa-3 y un aumento de los niveles de GSH en el grupo con aplicación de cisplatino en comparación con el grupo control (p<0,05). El té blanco ha demostrado efectos terapéuticos sobre la lesión de la corteza cerebral inducida por cisplatino mediante la disminución del estrés oxidativo y la expresión de caspasa-3.

BACKGROUND: To document the lip as an unusual site of clinical presentation of spindle cell carcinoma and to conduct a review of the literature. METHODS: A 66-year-old male patient presented with an ulcerated lesion of the lower lip. Morphological examination and immunohistochemical profiling of the lesion were performed. RESULTS: Histopathological examination showed a high-grade spindle cell neoplasm. Pleomorphic fusiform cells with cytological and nuclear atypia were predominant together with conspicuous perineural infiltration. A small focus of overlying stratified squamous parakeratinising epithelium was identified in a section of the lesion. Co-expression of cytokeratin and mesenchymal markers confirms the epithelial-mesenchymal transition which is inherent to this lesion. CONCLUSION: Spindle cell carcinoma (sarcomatoid carcinoma) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma with an infrequent occurrence on the lower lip. The objective in reporting this case is to raise the clinicopathological awareness of this unconventional variant of squamous cell carcinoma to expedite diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. STATEMENT OF CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The documentation of a rare form of oral squamous cell carcinoma at an unusual site allows for expeditious diagnostic and therapeutic intervention.

Abstract The following article aims at the theoretical analysis of the organization of information to develop the process of oral expression in students of the French for translation course at a university. Twenty-five publications (n = 25) were examined using a technique based on content analysis retrieved from several databases (Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science, Google Scholar), according to the established inclusion criteria. The bibliographic analysis made it possible to discern perspectives on the transformation of data into information, combined with abstract reasoning to generate knowledge. It is concluded that these strategies contribute to the improvement of oral expression in terms of pronunciation, grammar, lexis, observing an improvement in the students of the French course.

Resumen El siguiente artículo tiene como objetivo el análisis teórico de la organización de la información para desarrollar el proceso de la expresión oral en estudiantes del curso de francés para la traducción en una universidad. Se examinaron veinticinco publicaciones (n = 25) mediante una técnica basada en el análisis de contenido recuperadas de varias bases de datos (Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science, Google Scholar), de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión establecidos. El análisis bibliográfico permitió discernir las perspectivas sobre la transformación de los datos en información, combinado con el razonamiento abstracto para generar conocimientos. Se concluye que estas estrategias aportan al perfeccionamiento de la expresión oral en cuanto a pronunciación, gramática, léxico, y se observa una mejora de los estudiantes del curso de francés.

Resumo O artigo seguinte visa a análise teórica da organização da informação para desenvolver o processo de expressão oral em estudantes do curso de francês para tradução numa universidade. Vinte e cinco publicações (n = 25) foram examinadas utilizando uma técnica baseada na análise de conteúdos recuperados de várias bases de dados (Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science, Google Scholar), de acordo com os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. A análise bibliográfica permitiu discernir perspectivas sobre a transformação de dados em informação, combinada com raciocínios abstratos para gerar conhecimento. Conclui-se que estas estratégias contribuem para a melhoria da expressão oral em termos de pronúncia, gramática, léxis, observando uma melhoria dos alunos do curso de francês.

ABSTRACT In this article, the authors addressed the insufficient academic treatment offered to the participation of women from Pinar del Río in musical pedagogy. Therefore, it proposes a study on the participation of women from Pinar del Río in musical pedagogy during the first half of the 20th century, from a socio-historical, cultural and gender perspective. Various theoretical methods were used such as dialectical, historical-logical, ethnographic, as well as analysis and synthesis. Within the empirical methods, they apply the interview and the documentary analysis, in addition to the publicist sources of the investigated historical period, together with the oral sources. As a result, it shows the contribution of women from Pinar del Río to the teaching of music with solid contributions to didactics, from their work in the academies, in a context characterized by a rigid social organization, in which professionalism was seriously damaged by erroneous approaches. Of gender, by rejecting free female public expression, minimizing their training capacities and the knowledge they transmitted. Also damaged by the effects of Pinar del Río's function of economic, political and social subordination, as a historical region to the nearby capital of Havana. Therefore, to make visible the contributions made by Pinar del Río women in this sense, to contribute to dignifying their image in the field of artistic culture, education and pedagogy from Pinar del Río and Cuba, as well as to strengthen the identity and the local intangible cultural heritage and nationals.

RESUMEN En el presente artículo se aborda el insuficiente tratamiento académico ofrecido a la participación de la mujer pinareña en la pedagogía musical. Por lo que proponen un estudio sobre la participación de la mujer pinareña en la pedagogía musical durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, desde una perspectiva socio-histórica, cultural y de género. Fueron empleados diversos métodos teóricos como el dialéctico, el histórico-lógico, el etnográfico, así como el análisis y síntesis. Dentro de los métodos empíricos aplican la entrevista y el análisis documental, además de las fuentes publicistas del período histórico investigado, de conjunto con las fuentes orales. Como resultado muestran la contribución de la mujer pinareña a la enseñanza de la música con sólidos aportes a la didáctica, desde su quehacer en las academias, en un contexto caracterizado por una rígida organización social, en la que el profesionalismo estuvo seriamente dañado por erróneos enfoques de género, al rechazar la libre expresión pública femenina, minimizar sus capacidades formativas y el conocimiento que transmitían. Dañados también, por los efectos de la función de subordinación económica, política y social de Pinar del Río, como región histórica a la cercana capital habanera. Por lo que visibilizar los aportes realizados por las féminas pinareñas en este sentido, contribuye a dignificar su imagen en el campo de la cultura artística, la educación y la pedagogía pinareña y cubana, así como a fortalecer la identidad y el patrimonio cultural inmaterial local y nacional.

RESUMO Este artigo aborda o insuficiente tratamento acadêmico oferecido à participação das mulheres de Pinar del Río na pedagogia musical. Portanto, propõem um estudo sobre a participação das mulheres de Pinar del Río na pedagogia musical durante a primeira metade do século XX, a partir de uma perspectiva sócio-histórica, cultural e de gênero. Foram utilizados diversos métodos teóricos como dialético, histórico-lógico, etnográfico, bem como análise e síntese. Dentro dos métodos empíricos são aplicadas entrevistas e análises documentais, além de fontes publicitárias do período histórico investigado, juntamente com fontes orais. Como resultado, mostram a contribuição das mulheres de Pinar del Río para o ensino da música com sólidas contribuições à didática, a partir de seu trabalho nas academias, em um contexto caracterizado por uma organização social rígida, em que o profissionalismo foi seriamente prejudicado por abordagens errôneas .de género, ao rejeitar a livre expressão pública feminina, minimizando as suas capacidades formativas e os conhecimentos que transmitem. Também prejudicada, pelos efeitos da função de subordinação económica, política e social de Pinar del Río, como região histórica à vizinha capital Havana. Portanto, tornar visíveis as contribuições das mulheres de Pinar del Río neste sentido, contribui para dignificar a sua imagem no campo da cultura artística, da educação e da pedagogia de Pinar del Río e de Cuba, bem como como fortalecer a identidade local e nacional e o património cultural imaterial.

RESUMEN Este trabajo analiza la influencia de la lengua utilizada por los docentes en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se encontró que la claridad en la expresión de conceptos promueve una mejor interiorización y facilita la discusión en clase, la motivación es fundamental para la atención y el desempeño de los estudiantes y el lenguaje gramaticalmente correcto fomenta la calidad de la expresión oral y escrita en los estudiantes. Por lo tanto, se vuelve imperativo que los docentes desarrollen y ejerciten concienzudamente habilidades comunicativas que vayan más allá de la mera transmisión de conceptos. Además, la inclusión óptima de la diversidad de los estudiantes depende del uso adecuado del lenguaje pedagógico, asegurando que la enseñanza resuene efectivamente con estudiantes de distintos orígenes y habilidades. Sin embargo, reconocer el contexto cultural del idioma es igualmente fundamental, ya que es fundamental para dominar las habilidades lingüísticas y prevenir malentendidos.

ABSTRACT This work analyzes the influence of the language used by teachers in the teaching-learning process. It was found that clarity in the expression of concepts promotes better internalization and facilitates discussion in class, motivation is essential for student attention and performance, and grammatically correct language encourages the quality of oral and written expression in students. Therefore, it becomes imperative for teachers to conscientiously develop and exercise communication skills that extend beyond mere transmission of concepts. Furthermore, the optimal inclusion of student diversity hinges on the adept use of pedagogical language, ensuring that teaching resonates effectively with learners of varying backgrounds and abilities. Nevertheless, acknowledging the cultural context of language is equally pivotal, as it is instrumental in mastering language skills and preventing misunderstandings.

Abstract Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is an alternative treatment for patients with moderate/severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Objective: The authors evaluated the effect of MTX on the cutaneous expression of cytokines and chemokines that are involved in the inflammatory response in adult AD patients who received treatment with methotrexate for 24 weeks. Methods: The authors conducted a prospective single-institution cohort study with 12 adults with moderate/severe AD who received oral MTX (15 mg/wk for 24 wks) and 10 non-atopic matched controls. The comparison was made of skin biopsies of lesional and non-lesional skin, pre- and post MTX treatment. The authors analyzed mean epidermal thickness and expression of IL-31, IL-31RA, OSMR, TSLP, Ki67, IL-4 mRNA, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TARC, and CCL-22. Results: There was a reduction in mean epidermal thickness (p = 0.021), an increase in IL-31RA expression (immunohistochemistry) in the epidermis (p = 0.016) and a decrease in IL-31 gene expression (p = 0.019) on lesional AD skin post-MTX treatment. No significant changes in the cutaneous expression of the other evaluated markers were identified. Study limitations: Small sample size and limited length of follow-up. Conclusions: Treatment with MTX in adults with moderate/severe AD reduced epidermal hyperplasia and changed the cutaneous expression of inflammatory cytokines and receptors that are mainly related to pruritus, including IL-31 and IL-31RA. Background (MTX moderatesevere moderate severe AD. . (AD) Objective 2 weeks Methods singleinstitution single institution 1 15 (1 mgwk mg wk wks nonatopic non controls nonlesional pre IL31, IL31 IL 31, 31 IL31RA, IL31RA ILRA 31RA, 31RA RA OSMR TSLP Ki67 Ki IL4 4 IL- mRNA IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL-6 IL10, IL10 10, IL-10 TNFα, TNFα TNF α, α TNF-α IFNγ, IFNγ IFN γ, γ IFN-γ TARC CCL22. CCL22 CCL 22. 22 CCL-22 Results p 0.021, 0021 0.021 , 0 021 0.021) immunohistochemistry (immunohistochemistry 0.016 0016 016 IL-3 0.019 0019 019 postMTX identified limitations followup. followup follow up. up follow-up Conclusions pruritus IL31RA. 31RA. (AD ( IL3 3 Ki6 IL1 IL-1 CCL2 CCL-2 002 0.02 02 0.01 001 01 CCL- 00 0.0 0.

ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the effect of metformin (MET) treatment on adipogenic predisposition of bone marrow progenitor cells (BMPC), bone marrow adiposity and bone biomechanical properties. Materials and methods. 20 young adult male Wistar rats were sorted into four groups. Each of the groups received the following in drinking water: 100% water (C); 20% fructose (F); metformin 100 mg/kg wt/day (M); or fructose plus metformin (FM). After five weeks the animals were sacrificed. Both humeri were dissected to obtain BMPC, and both femurs were dissected to evaluate medullary adiposity (histomorphometry) and biomechanical properties (3-point bending). BMPC were cultured in vitro in adipogenic medium to evaluate RUNX2, PPAR-γ and RAGE expression by RT-PCR, lipase activity and triglyceride accumulation. Results. The fructose-rich diet (group F) caused an increase in both triglycerides in vitro, and medullary adiposity in vivo; being partially or totally prevented by co-treatment with metformin (group FM). No differences were found in femoral biomechanical tests in vivo, nor in lipase activity and RUNX2/PPAR-γ ratio in vitro. DRF increased RAGE expression in BMPC, being prevented by co-treatment with MET. Conclusions. Metabolic syndrome induced by a fructose-rich diet increases femoral medullary adiposity and, in part, the adipogenic predisposition of BMPC. In turn, this can be totally or partially prevented by oral co-treatment with MET.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de un tratamiento con metformina (MET) sobre la predisposición adipogénica de células progenitoras de médula ósea (CPMO), adiposidad de la médula ósea y propiedades biomecánicas óseas. Materiales y métodos. 20 ratas Wistar machos adultos jóvenes fueron separados en cuatro grupos, recibiendo en agua de bebida: 100% agua (C); 20% de fructosa (F); metformina 100 mg/kg peso/día (M); o fructosa más metformina (FM). Tras cinco semanas se sacrificaron los animales, se diseccionaron ambos húmeros para obtener CPMO, y ambos fémures para evaluar adiposidad medular (histomorfometría) y propiedades biomecánicas (flexión a 3 puntos). Las CPMO se cultivaron in vitro en medio adipogénico para evaluar expresión de RUNX2, PPAR-γ y RAGE por RT-PCR, actividad de lipasa y acumulación de triglicéridos. Resultados. La dieta rica en fructosa (grupo F) produjo un aumento tanto de triglicéridos in vitro, como de la adiposidad medular in vivo; siendo parcial o totalmente prevenido por un co-tratamiento con metformina (grupo FM). No se observaron diferencias en las pruebas biomecánicas femorales in vivo, ni en actividad de lipasa y relación RUNX2/PPAR-γ in vitro. La DRF aumentó la expresión de RAGE en CPMO, siendo prevenido por co-tratamiento con MET. Conclusiones. El síndrome metabólico inducido por una dieta rica en fructosa aumenta la adiposidad medular femoral y, en parte, la predisposición adipogénica de las CPMO. A su vez, esto puede ser prevenido total o parcialmente por un co-tratamiento oral con MET.

Resumo Nanopartículas são consideradas opções viáveis no tratamento do câncer. Este estudo foi conduzido para investigar o efeito de nanopartículas de magnetita (MNPs) e núcleo de folato de magnetita (MFCS) em culturas de células leucêmicas e de hepatocarcinoma, bem como seu efeito no modelo animal de leucemia mielocítica aguda (LMA). Através do atual estudo, nanopartículas foram sintetizadas, caracterizadas por várias técnicas, e suas propriedades foram estudadas para confirmar sua nanoestrutura. No estudo in vivo, as nanopartículas foram avaliadas para inspecionar sua atividade citotóxica contra células SNU-182 (carcinoma hepatocelular humano), K562 (leucemia humana) e THLE2 (fígado epitelial humano normal) por meio do teste MTT. A expressão das proteínas sinalizadoras apoptóticas Bcl-2 e Caspase-3 foram inspecionadas através do método RT-PCR. Um efeito citotóxico de MNPs e MFCS foi detectado em culturas de células anteriores. Além disso, a apoptose foi identificada por meio de regulação positiva significativa da Caspase-3, com regulação negativa de Bcl-2. No estudo in vitro, a AML foi induzida em ratos por N-metil-N-nitrosoureia seguida por tratamento oral com MNPS e MFCS. Índices bioquímicos como aspartato e alanina aminotransferases e atividades de lactato desidrogenase, ácido úrico, hemograma completo e Beta-2-microglubulina foram avaliados no soro. A imunofenotipagem para detecção de CD34 e CD38 foi realizada. Fígado, rim e medula óssea foram examinados microscopicamente. A metilação do promotor Bcl-2 e os níveis de mRNA foram examinados. Embora tanto os MNPs quanto os MFCS representem uma melhora nos parâmetros bioquímicos, o MFCS os aliviou em direção ao controle normal. A atividade anticâncer de MNPs e MFCS foi aprovada especialmente para AML. Sempre, a administração de MFCS foi mais eficaz do que MNPs. O presente trabalho é um dos poucos estudos que utilizou o MFCS como agente anticâncer.

Abstract Nanoparticles are considered viable options in the treatment of cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and magnetite folate core shell (MFCS) on leukemic and hepatocarcinoma cell cultures as well as their effect on the animal model of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). Through current study nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized by various techniques, and their properties were studied to confirm their nanostructure. Invivo study, nanoparticles were evaluated to inspect their cytotoxic activity against SNU-182 (human hepatocellular carcinoma), K562 (human leukemia), and THLE2 (human normal epithelial liver) cells via MTT test. Apoptotic signaling proteins Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 expression were inspected through RT-PCR method. A cytotoxic effect of MNPs and MFCS was detected in previous cell cultures. Moreover, the apoptosis was identified through significant up-regulation of caspase-3, with Bcl-2 down-regulation. Invitro study, AML was induced in rats by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea followed by oral treatment with MNPS and MFCS. Biochemical indices such as aspartate and alanine amino transferases, and lactate dehydrogenase activities, uric acid, complete blood count, and Beta -2-microglubulin were assessed in serum. Immunophenotyping for CD34 and CD38 detection was performed. Liver, kidney, and bone marrow were microscopically examined. Bcl-2 promoter methylation, and mRNA levels were examined. Although, both MNPs and MFCS depict amelioration in biochemical parameters, MFCS alleviated them toward normal control. Anticancer activity of MNPs and MFCS was approved especially for AML. Whenever, administration of MFCS was more effective than MNPs. The present work is one of few studies used MFCS as anticancer agent.

Abstract During oral surgery and temporomandibular joint repositioning, pain hypersensitivity often occurs due to irritation or inflammation of the nerve endings in the orofacial region. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of ECa 233, a Centella asiatica–standardized extract, on the development of mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia induced by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve in mice. Methodology: The right infraorbital nerves of the mice were ligated. Oral carbamazepine (20 mg/kg) or ECa 233 (30, 100, or 300 mg/kg) was administered daily for 21 days. Von Frey and air-puff tests were performed on both sides of the whisker pad on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Thereafter, the expression of purinergic receptor subtype 3 (P2X3) and voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 (NaV1.7), a transmembrane protein, in the trigeminal ganglion and c-fos immunoreactivity-positive neurons in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis was assessed. Results: After 21 days of infraorbital nerve ligation, the mice showed allodynia- and hyperalgesia-like behavior, P2X3 and NaV1.7 were upregulated in the trigeminal ganglion, and nociceptive activity increased in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. However, the oral administration of carbamazepine (20 mg/kg), ECa 233 (100 mg/kg), or ECa 233 (300 mg/kg) mitigated these effects. Nevertheless, ECa 233 failed to affect NaV1.7 protein expression. Conclusion: Carbamazepine and ECa 233 can prevent pain hypersensitivity in mice. Considering the side effects of the long-term use of carbamazepine, ECa 233 monotherapy or combined ECa 233 and carbamazepine therapy can be used as an alternative for regulating the development of hypersensitivity in trigeminal pain. However, further detailed clinical studies should be conducted to provide comprehensive information on the use of ECa 233. repositioning region Objective asiaticastandardized asiatica standardized extract Methodology ligated 20 (2 mg/kg mgkg mg kg 23 30, 30 (30 100 2 airpuff air puff 0 7 14 Thereafter PX P X (P2X3 voltagegated voltage gated 17 1 1. NaV1.7, NaV17 NaV , NaV1 (NaV1.7) cfos c fos immunoreactivitypositive immunoreactivity positive assessed Results ligation hyperalgesialike like behavior P2X NaV1. However mg/kg, (10 Nevertheless Conclusion longterm long term ( (3 10 (P2X (NaV1.7 (1 (NaV1. (NaV1 (NaV

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of mast cell markers toluidine blue, c-kit, and tryptase and presence of mononuclear inflammatory cells in oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions related to dental amalgam. Nineteen specimens of OLP, OLLC, and healthy oral mucosa were selected. Mononuclear inflammatory cells were analyzed. Histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed using toluidine blue, anti-c-kit and anti-tryptase reagents, and the results were quantified in areas A and B of connective tissue. Mast cells of all OLP and OLLC samples were positive for toluidine blue, c-kit, and tryptase. The density of toluidine blue+, c-kit+ and tryptase+ mast cells was higher in tissue with OLP and OLLC compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). No difference was noted in mast cells density between OLP and OLLC (p > 0.05). The density of tryptase+ mast cells was higher in the subepithelial region (area A) than the region below it (Area B) in OLLC (p = 0.047). The mononuclear inflammatory cell density was higher in OLLC compared to OLP, but without statistical significance (p > 0.05). A positive statistical correlation was found between mononuclear immune cells and density of c-kit+ and tryptase+ mast cells in OLP (r = 0.943 and r = 0.886, respectively). Our data demonstrate that the etiopathogenesis process of OLP and OLLC modulates the expansion and degranulation of mast cells; mast cells density, however, was similar between OLP and OLLC. The distribution of mast cells appears to vary along the lamina propria. blue ckit, ckit c kit, kit c-kit (OLP amalgam selected analyzed antickit anti antitryptase reagents blue+ ckit+ kit+ p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) area Area 0.047. 0047 0.047 047 0.047) 0943 943 0.94 0886 886 0.886 respectively. respectively respectively) however propria 00 0.0 004 0.04 04 094 94 0.9 088 88 0.88 0. 09 9 08 8 0.8

ABSTRACT Purpose: Reflux esophagitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and irritation of the esophagus, resulting from the backflow of stomach acid and other gastric contents into the esophagus. Columbianadin is a coumarin derivative that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, we tried to scrutinize the protective effect of Columbianadin against acute reflux esophagitis in rats. Methods: RAW 264.7 cells were utilized to assess cell viability and measure the production of inflammatory parameters. The rats received anesthesia, and reflux esophagitis was induced via ligation of pylorus and fore stomach and corpus junction. Rats received the oral administration of Columbianadin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and omeprazole (20 mg/kg). The gastric secretion volume, acidity, and pH were measured. Additionally, the levels of oxidative stress parameters, cytokines, and inflammatory markers were determined. At the end of the study, mRNA expression was assessed. Results: Columbianadin remarkably suppressed the cell viability and production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and prostaglandin (PGE2). Columbianadin treatment remarkably suppressed the secretion of gastric volume, total acidity and enhanced the pH level in the stomach. Columbianadin remarkably altered the level of hydrogen peroxidase, free iron, calcium, and plasma scavenging activity, sulfhydryl group; oxidative stress parameters like malonaldehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase; inflammatory cytokines viz., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; inflammatory parameters including PGE2, iNOS, COX-2, and nuclear kappa B factor (NF-κB). Columbianadin remarkably (P < 0.001) suppressed the mRNA expression TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Conclusions: Columbianadin demonstrated a protective effect against acute reflux esophagitis via NF-κB pathway. Purpose esophagus antiinflammatory anti effects study Methods 2647 264 7 264. anesthesia junction 25, 25 (25 5 10 mg/kg mgkg mg kg 20 (2 mg/kg. . volume measured Additionally determined assessed Results factorα α TNFα, TNFα TNF , (TNF-α) IL1β, IL1β ILβ IL 1β, 1β β (IL)-1β IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL-6 cyclooxygenase2 cyclooxygenase 2 cyclooxygenase- COX2, COX2 COX (COX-2) iNOS (iNOS) PGE2. PGE2 PGE (PGE2) peroxidase iron calcium activity group malonaldehyde dismutase catalase viz viz. α, TNF-α IL10, IL10 10, IL-10 IL17, IL17 17, 17 IL-17 protein1 protein 1 protein-1 2, COX-2 NFκB. NFκB NF κB (NF-κB) P 0.001 0001 0 001 inhibitor1. inhibitor1 inhibitor 1. inhibitor-1 Conclusions pathway 26 ( (TNF-α IL- (COX-2 (iNOS (PGE2 IL1 IL-1 protein- COX- (NF-κB 0.00 000 00 inhibitor- (COX- (PGE 0.0 (COX 0.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of the EZH2 protein and describe the clinical and microscopic characteristics of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and pleomorphic adenoma (PA). The study included 16 ACC cases and 12 PA. All ACC and PA cases were positive for EZH2 and the ACC samples showed significantly higher EZH2 expression. The clinical and microscopic covariates were described in relation to EZH2 staining in ACC samples. The highest mean values of EZH2 were observed in cases with local metastasis, recurrence, perineural invasion, and predominantly cribriform growth pattern without solid areas. EZH2 is a potential marker of malignancy. EZH (ACC . (PA) 1 metastasis recurrence invasion areas malignancy (PA