Abstract: Este estudio corresponde a una investigación acción y tiene como propósito examinar el aporte de la estrategia de descripción de imágenes implementada mediante la aplicación TikTok® para mejorar la precisión oral de un grupo de cinco estudiantes de primer año de pregrado del curso de Lengua Inglesa I, del programa de Traducción e Interpretación de una universidad chilena. Se utilizó un muestreo intencional, ya que los participantes fueron elegidos por tener dificultades para expresarse oralmente en inglés. La recopilación de datos incluyó evaluaciones orales previas y posteriores, así como un grupo focal y una autoevaluación, en concordancia con los objetivos de la investigación. La intervención constó de seis sesiones en las que los participantes practicaron diferentes estructuras gramaticales y vocabulario específico relacionado con la descripción de imágenes. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el uso de la técnica de descripción de imágenes implementada a través de vídeos subidos a la aplicación TikTok® fue beneficioso para los estudiantes, ya que les permitió mejorar su precisión oral tanto en el uso adecuado de la gramática como en el manejo del vocabulario. Además, las opiniones de los participantes en el grupo focal y en la autoevaluación en cuanto al uso de TikTok® en un contexto educativo fueron positivas, y destacaron su utilidad y facilidad de uso.

Resumo: Este estudo corresponde a uma investigação-ação e tem como objetivo examinar a contribuição da estratégia de descrição de imagens implementada por meio do aplicativo TikTok® para melhorar a precisão oral de um grupo de cinco estudantes do primeiro ano de graduação do curso de Língua Inglesa I, do programa de Tradução e Interpretação em uma universidade chilena. Foi utilizada amostragem intencional, uma vez que os participantes foram escolhidos por apresentarem dificuldades para se expressar oralmente em inglês. A coleta de dados incluiu pré e pós-avaliações orais, bem como grupo focal e autoavaliação, de acordo com os objetivos da investigação. A intervenção consistiu em seis sessões nas quais os participantes praticaram diferentes estruturas gramaticais e vocabulário específico relacionado à descrição de imagens. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a utilização da técnica de descrição de imagens implementada através de vídeos carregados na aplicação TikTok® foi benéfica para os estudantes, pois permitiu-lhes melhorar a sua precisão oral tanto no uso adequado da gramática como na gestão do vocabulário. Além disso, as opiniões dos participantes no grupo focal e na autoavaliação quanto à utilização do TikTok® em contexto educativo foram positivas, destacando a sua utilidade e facilidade de utilização.

Abstract The following article aims at the theoretical analysis of the organization of information to develop the process of oral expression in students of the French for translation course at a university. Twenty-five publications (n = 25) were examined using a technique based on content analysis retrieved from several databases (Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science, Google Scholar), according to the established inclusion criteria. The bibliographic analysis made it possible to discern perspectives on the transformation of data into information, combined with abstract reasoning to generate knowledge. It is concluded that these strategies contribute to the improvement of oral expression in terms of pronunciation, grammar, lexis, observing an improvement in the students of the French course.

Resumen El siguiente artículo tiene como objetivo el análisis teórico de la organización de la información para desarrollar el proceso de la expresión oral en estudiantes del curso de francés para la traducción en una universidad. Se examinaron veinticinco publicaciones (n = 25) mediante una técnica basada en el análisis de contenido recuperadas de varias bases de datos (Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science, Google Scholar), de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión establecidos. El análisis bibliográfico permitió discernir las perspectivas sobre la transformación de los datos en información, combinado con el razonamiento abstracto para generar conocimientos. Se concluye que estas estrategias aportan al perfeccionamiento de la expresión oral en cuanto a pronunciación, gramática, léxico, y se observa una mejora de los estudiantes del curso de francés.

Resumo O artigo seguinte visa a análise teórica da organização da informação para desenvolver o processo de expressão oral em estudantes do curso de francês para tradução numa universidade. Vinte e cinco publicações (n = 25) foram examinadas utilizando uma técnica baseada na análise de conteúdos recuperados de várias bases de dados (Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science, Google Scholar), de acordo com os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. A análise bibliográfica permitiu discernir perspectivas sobre a transformação de dados em informação, combinada com raciocínios abstratos para gerar conhecimento. Conclui-se que estas estratégias contribuem para a melhoria da expressão oral em termos de pronúncia, gramática, léxis, observando uma melhoria dos alunos do curso de francês.

BACKGROUND: To document the lip as an unusual site of clinical presentation of spindle cell carcinoma and to conduct a review of the literature. METHODS: A 66-year-old male patient presented with an ulcerated lesion of the lower lip. Morphological examination and immunohistochemical profiling of the lesion were performed. RESULTS: Histopathological examination showed a high-grade spindle cell neoplasm. Pleomorphic fusiform cells with cytological and nuclear atypia were predominant together with conspicuous perineural infiltration. A small focus of overlying stratified squamous parakeratinising epithelium was identified in a section of the lesion. Co-expression of cytokeratin and mesenchymal markers confirms the epithelial-mesenchymal transition which is inherent to this lesion. CONCLUSION: Spindle cell carcinoma (sarcomatoid carcinoma) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma with an infrequent occurrence on the lower lip. The objective in reporting this case is to raise the clinicopathological awareness of this unconventional variant of squamous cell carcinoma to expedite diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. STATEMENT OF CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The documentation of a rare form of oral squamous cell carcinoma at an unusual site allows for expeditious diagnostic and therapeutic intervention.

ABSTRACT In this article, the authors addressed the insufficient academic treatment offered to the participation of women from Pinar del Río in musical pedagogy. Therefore, it proposes a study on the participation of women from Pinar del Río in musical pedagogy during the first half of the 20th century, from a socio-historical, cultural and gender perspective. Various theoretical methods were used such as dialectical, historical-logical, ethnographic, as well as analysis and synthesis. Within the empirical methods, they apply the interview and the documentary analysis, in addition to the publicist sources of the investigated historical period, together with the oral sources. As a result, it shows the contribution of women from Pinar del Río to the teaching of music with solid contributions to didactics, from their work in the academies, in a context characterized by a rigid social organization, in which professionalism was seriously damaged by erroneous approaches. Of gender, by rejecting free female public expression, minimizing their training capacities and the knowledge they transmitted. Also damaged by the effects of Pinar del Río's function of economic, political and social subordination, as a historical region to the nearby capital of Havana. Therefore, to make visible the contributions made by Pinar del Río women in this sense, to contribute to dignifying their image in the field of artistic culture, education and pedagogy from Pinar del Río and Cuba, as well as to strengthen the identity and the local intangible cultural heritage and nationals.

RESUMEN En el presente artículo se aborda el insuficiente tratamiento académico ofrecido a la participación de la mujer pinareña en la pedagogía musical. Por lo que proponen un estudio sobre la participación de la mujer pinareña en la pedagogía musical durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, desde una perspectiva socio-histórica, cultural y de género. Fueron empleados diversos métodos teóricos como el dialéctico, el histórico-lógico, el etnográfico, así como el análisis y síntesis. Dentro de los métodos empíricos aplican la entrevista y el análisis documental, además de las fuentes publicistas del período histórico investigado, de conjunto con las fuentes orales. Como resultado muestran la contribución de la mujer pinareña a la enseñanza de la música con sólidos aportes a la didáctica, desde su quehacer en las academias, en un contexto caracterizado por una rígida organización social, en la que el profesionalismo estuvo seriamente dañado por erróneos enfoques de género, al rechazar la libre expresión pública femenina, minimizar sus capacidades formativas y el conocimiento que transmitían. Dañados también, por los efectos de la función de subordinación económica, política y social de Pinar del Río, como región histórica a la cercana capital habanera. Por lo que visibilizar los aportes realizados por las féminas pinareñas en este sentido, contribuye a dignificar su imagen en el campo de la cultura artística, la educación y la pedagogía pinareña y cubana, así como a fortalecer la identidad y el patrimonio cultural inmaterial local y nacional.

RESUMO Este artigo aborda o insuficiente tratamento acadêmico oferecido à participação das mulheres de Pinar del Río na pedagogia musical. Portanto, propõem um estudo sobre a participação das mulheres de Pinar del Río na pedagogia musical durante a primeira metade do século XX, a partir de uma perspectiva sócio-histórica, cultural e de gênero. Foram utilizados diversos métodos teóricos como dialético, histórico-lógico, etnográfico, bem como análise e síntese. Dentro dos métodos empíricos são aplicadas entrevistas e análises documentais, além de fontes publicitárias do período histórico investigado, juntamente com fontes orais. Como resultado, mostram a contribuição das mulheres de Pinar del Río para o ensino da música com sólidas contribuições à didática, a partir de seu trabalho nas academias, em um contexto caracterizado por uma organização social rígida, em que o profissionalismo foi seriamente prejudicado por abordagens errôneas .de género, ao rejeitar a livre expressão pública feminina, minimizando as suas capacidades formativas e os conhecimentos que transmitem. Também prejudicada, pelos efeitos da função de subordinação económica, política e social de Pinar del Río, como região histórica à vizinha capital Havana. Portanto, tornar visíveis as contribuições das mulheres de Pinar del Río neste sentido, contribui para dignificar a sua imagem no campo da cultura artística, da educação e da pedagogia de Pinar del Río e de Cuba, bem como como fortalecer a identidade local e nacional e o património cultural imaterial.

RESUMEN Este trabajo analiza la influencia de la lengua utilizada por los docentes en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se encontró que la claridad en la expresión de conceptos promueve una mejor interiorización y facilita la discusión en clase, la motivación es fundamental para la atención y el desempeño de los estudiantes y el lenguaje gramaticalmente correcto fomenta la calidad de la expresión oral y escrita en los estudiantes. Por lo tanto, se vuelve imperativo que los docentes desarrollen y ejerciten concienzudamente habilidades comunicativas que vayan más allá de la mera transmisión de conceptos. Además, la inclusión óptima de la diversidad de los estudiantes depende del uso adecuado del lenguaje pedagógico, asegurando que la enseñanza resuene efectivamente con estudiantes de distintos orígenes y habilidades. Sin embargo, reconocer el contexto cultural del idioma es igualmente fundamental, ya que es fundamental para dominar las habilidades lingüísticas y prevenir malentendidos.

ABSTRACT This work analyzes the influence of the language used by teachers in the teaching-learning process. It was found that clarity in the expression of concepts promotes better internalization and facilitates discussion in class, motivation is essential for student attention and performance, and grammatically correct language encourages the quality of oral and written expression in students. Therefore, it becomes imperative for teachers to conscientiously develop and exercise communication skills that extend beyond mere transmission of concepts. Furthermore, the optimal inclusion of student diversity hinges on the adept use of pedagogical language, ensuring that teaching resonates effectively with learners of varying backgrounds and abilities. Nevertheless, acknowledging the cultural context of language is equally pivotal, as it is instrumental in mastering language skills and preventing misunderstandings.

Abstract Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is an alternative treatment for patients with moderate/severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Objective: The authors evaluated the effect of MTX on the cutaneous expression of cytokines and chemokines that are involved in the inflammatory response in adult AD patients who received treatment with methotrexate for 24 weeks. Methods: The authors conducted a prospective single-institution cohort study with 12 adults with moderate/severe AD who received oral MTX (15 mg/wk for 24 wks) and 10 non-atopic matched controls. The comparison was made of skin biopsies of lesional and non-lesional skin, pre- and post MTX treatment. The authors analyzed mean epidermal thickness and expression of IL-31, IL-31RA, OSMR, TSLP, Ki67, IL-4 mRNA, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TARC, and CCL-22. Results: There was a reduction in mean epidermal thickness (p = 0.021), an increase in IL-31RA expression (immunohistochemistry) in the epidermis (p = 0.016) and a decrease in IL-31 gene expression (p = 0.019) on lesional AD skin post-MTX treatment. No significant changes in the cutaneous expression of the other evaluated markers were identified. Study limitations: Small sample size and limited length of follow-up. Conclusions: Treatment with MTX in adults with moderate/severe AD reduced epidermal hyperplasia and changed the cutaneous expression of inflammatory cytokines and receptors that are mainly related to pruritus, including IL-31 and IL-31RA. Background (MTX moderatesevere moderate severe AD. . (AD) Objective 2 weeks Methods singleinstitution single institution 1 15 (1 mgwk mg wk wks nonatopic non controls nonlesional pre IL31, IL31 IL 31, 31 IL31RA, IL31RA ILRA 31RA, 31RA RA OSMR TSLP Ki67 Ki IL4 4 IL- mRNA IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL-6 IL10, IL10 10, IL-10 TNFα, TNFα TNF α, α TNF-α IFNγ, IFNγ IFN γ, γ IFN-γ TARC CCL22. CCL22 CCL 22. 22 CCL-22 Results p 0.021, 0021 0.021 , 0 021 0.021) immunohistochemistry (immunohistochemistry 0.016 0016 016 IL-3 0.019 0019 019 postMTX identified limitations followup. followup follow up. up follow-up Conclusions pruritus IL31RA. 31RA. (AD ( IL3 3 Ki6 IL1 IL-1 CCL2 CCL-2 002 0.02 02 0.01 001 01 CCL- 00 0.0 0.

ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the effect of metformin (MET) treatment on adipogenic predisposition of bone marrow progenitor cells (BMPC), bone marrow adiposity and bone biomechanical properties. Materials and methods. 20 young adult male Wistar rats were sorted into four groups. Each of the groups received the following in drinking water: 100% water (C); 20% fructose (F); metformin 100 mg/kg wt/day (M); or fructose plus metformin (FM). After five weeks the animals were sacrificed. Both humeri were dissected to obtain BMPC, and both femurs were dissected to evaluate medullary adiposity (histomorphometry) and biomechanical properties (3-point bending). BMPC were cultured in vitro in adipogenic medium to evaluate RUNX2, PPAR-γ and RAGE expression by RT-PCR, lipase activity and triglyceride accumulation. Results. The fructose-rich diet (group F) caused an increase in both triglycerides in vitro, and medullary adiposity in vivo; being partially or totally prevented by co-treatment with metformin (group FM). No differences were found in femoral biomechanical tests in vivo, nor in lipase activity and RUNX2/PPAR-γ ratio in vitro. DRF increased RAGE expression in BMPC, being prevented by co-treatment with MET. Conclusions. Metabolic syndrome induced by a fructose-rich diet increases femoral medullary adiposity and, in part, the adipogenic predisposition of BMPC. In turn, this can be totally or partially prevented by oral co-treatment with MET.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de un tratamiento con metformina (MET) sobre la predisposición adipogénica de células progenitoras de médula ósea (CPMO), adiposidad de la médula ósea y propiedades biomecánicas óseas. Materiales y métodos. 20 ratas Wistar machos adultos jóvenes fueron separados en cuatro grupos, recibiendo en agua de bebida: 100% agua (C); 20% de fructosa (F); metformina 100 mg/kg peso/día (M); o fructosa más metformina (FM). Tras cinco semanas se sacrificaron los animales, se diseccionaron ambos húmeros para obtener CPMO, y ambos fémures para evaluar adiposidad medular (histomorfometría) y propiedades biomecánicas (flexión a 3 puntos). Las CPMO se cultivaron in vitro en medio adipogénico para evaluar expresión de RUNX2, PPAR-γ y RAGE por RT-PCR, actividad de lipasa y acumulación de triglicéridos. Resultados. La dieta rica en fructosa (grupo F) produjo un aumento tanto de triglicéridos in vitro, como de la adiposidad medular in vivo; siendo parcial o totalmente prevenido por un co-tratamiento con metformina (grupo FM). No se observaron diferencias en las pruebas biomecánicas femorales in vivo, ni en actividad de lipasa y relación RUNX2/PPAR-γ in vitro. La DRF aumentó la expresión de RAGE en CPMO, siendo prevenido por co-tratamiento con MET. Conclusiones. El síndrome metabólico inducido por una dieta rica en fructosa aumenta la adiposidad medular femoral y, en parte, la predisposición adipogénica de las CPMO. A su vez, esto puede ser prevenido total o parcialmente por un co-tratamiento oral con MET.

Aim Cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX) catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and thromboxanes during pain and inflammation conditions. These enzymes have also been linked to several other conditions and diseases, and hence, in dentistry, it is crucial to identify the processes that increase the levels of these mediators. This paper aims to describe the significance of COX in dental practice through a narrative review. Methods Articles relating to COX upregulation published in English and Spanish over the last 51 years in databases such as EBSCO, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Web of Science; were analyzed. Results A total of 115 articles demonstrating the relationship between COX upregulation and multiple conditions and diseases of importance in prosthodontics, periodontics, oral pathology, orthodontics, and endodontics were included. Conclusions COX upregulation is related to inflammatory and malignant diseases in oral tissues, such as periodontitis, pulpitis, and oral cancer, nevertheless, its expression is advantageous in other fields of study such as orthodontics. Additionally, is well documented that dental materials provoke an undesired increase in COX expression, which could be a significant factor that directly affects pulpal health. (COX hence dentistry mediators review 5 EBSCO Scholar Direct PubMed analyzed 11 prosthodontics periodontics pathology orthodontics included tissues periodontitis pulpitis cancer nevertheless Additionally health 1

Aim Venous blood derivatives (VBDs) have been suggested as substitutes for Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) to improve the clinical transition of cell-based therapies. The literature is not clear about which is the best VBDs substitute. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of VBDs on cell viability and describe a new method to seed these cells in a 3D Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF). Methods Blood was processed to obtain Platelet-Poor Plasma from PRF (P-PRF), Human Serum (HS), Platelet-Poor Plasma from PRP (P-PRP), activated-PRP (a-PRP), and Platelet lysate (PL). Cells were supplemented with each VBD at 10% and FBS at 10% was the control. Cell viability (fibroblast 3T3/NIH) test was evaluated with MTT assay in two ways: i) cell-seeded and expanded with VBD; ii) cell-seed with FBS and expanded with VBD. To seed the Fibrin construct, cells were suspended in PBS and dropped into the blood sample before performing Choukroun’s protocol for PRF. Constructs were cultured for 7 days in VBD supplements and FBS. Histological and Immunohistochemical analysis with vimentin was performed. Cell viability was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results VBD’s production time was very heterogeneous. Cells expanded in HS and a-PRP has grown faster. VBD-supplemented culture media provided cell culture highly sensible to trypsin/EDTA 0.25%. Cells seeded and expanded with VBD presented viability comparable to FBS in HS, a-PRP, and P-PRP (p>0.05) and lower in P-PRF and PL groups (p<0.05). The viability of cell seed with FBS and expanded with VBD was similar between P-PRF, a-PRP, PL, and FBS (p>0.05) and lower in HS and P-PRP (p<0.005). PRF-seeded cells showed a positive expression of vimentin and were able to maintain all cells supplemented with VBD. Conclusion VBD supplements were able to maintain fibroblast cells in 2D and 3D cultures. The new method of the fibrin-cell construct was efficient to insert the cells into the fibrin network. (VBDs (FBS cellbased based therapies substitute D PlateletRich Rich . (PRF) PlateletPoor Poor PPRF, PPRF P , (P-PRF) (HS) PPRP, PPRP (P-PRP) activatedPRP activated aPRP, aPRP (a-PRP) PL. (PL) 10 control 3T3/NIH 3T3NIH TNIH 3T3 NIH T ways i cellseeded ii cellseed Choukrouns Choukroun s performed oneway one way ANOVA heterogeneous faster VBDsupplemented trypsinEDTA trypsin EDTA 025 0 25 0.25% PRP, p>0.05 p005 p 05 (p>0.05 p<0.05. p<0.05 (p<0.05) PRF, p<0.005. p0005 p<0.005 005 (p<0.005) PRFseeded cultures fibrincell network (PRF (P-PRF (HS (P-PRP (a-PRP (PL 1 3T 02 2 0.25 p>0.0 p00 (p>0.0 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.005 0.2 p>0. p0 (p>0. p<0. (p<0.0 (p<0.00 0. p>0 (p>0 p<0 (p<0. p> (p> p< (p<0 (p (p<

ABSTRACT Purpose: Reflux esophagitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and irritation of the esophagus, resulting from the backflow of stomach acid and other gastric contents into the esophagus. Columbianadin is a coumarin derivative that exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, we tried to scrutinize the protective effect of Columbianadin against acute reflux esophagitis in rats. Methods: RAW 264.7 cells were utilized to assess cell viability and measure the production of inflammatory parameters. The rats received anesthesia, and reflux esophagitis was induced via ligation of pylorus and fore stomach and corpus junction. Rats received the oral administration of Columbianadin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and omeprazole (20 mg/kg). The gastric secretion volume, acidity, and pH were measured. Additionally, the levels of oxidative stress parameters, cytokines, and inflammatory markers were determined. At the end of the study, mRNA expression was assessed. Results: Columbianadin remarkably suppressed the cell viability and production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and prostaglandin (PGE2). Columbianadin treatment remarkably suppressed the secretion of gastric volume, total acidity and enhanced the pH level in the stomach. Columbianadin remarkably altered the level of hydrogen peroxidase, free iron, calcium, and plasma scavenging activity, sulfhydryl group; oxidative stress parameters like malonaldehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase; inflammatory cytokines viz., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; inflammatory parameters including PGE2, iNOS, COX-2, and nuclear kappa B factor (NF-κB). Columbianadin remarkably (P < 0.001) suppressed the mRNA expression TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Conclusions: Columbianadin demonstrated a protective effect against acute reflux esophagitis via NF-κB pathway. Purpose esophagus antiinflammatory anti effects study Methods 2647 264 7 264. anesthesia junction 25, 25 (25 5 10 mg/kg mgkg mg kg 20 (2 mg/kg. . volume measured Additionally determined assessed Results factorα α TNFα, TNFα TNF , (TNF-α) IL1β, IL1β ILβ IL 1β, 1β β (IL)-1β IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL-6 cyclooxygenase2 cyclooxygenase 2 cyclooxygenase- COX2, COX2 COX (COX-2) iNOS (iNOS) PGE2. PGE2 PGE (PGE2) peroxidase iron calcium activity group malonaldehyde dismutase catalase viz viz. α, TNF-α IL10, IL10 10, IL-10 IL17, IL17 17, 17 IL-17 protein1 protein 1 protein-1 2, COX-2 NFκB. NFκB NF κB (NF-κB) P 0.001 0001 0 001 inhibitor1. inhibitor1 inhibitor 1. inhibitor-1 Conclusions pathway 26 ( (TNF-α IL- (COX-2 (iNOS (PGE2 IL1 IL-1 protein- COX- (NF-κB 0.00 000 00 inhibitor- (COX- (PGE 0.0 (COX 0.

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of mast cell markers toluidine blue, c-kit, and tryptase and presence of mononuclear inflammatory cells in oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions related to dental amalgam. Nineteen specimens of OLP, OLLC, and healthy oral mucosa were selected. Mononuclear inflammatory cells were analyzed. Histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed using toluidine blue, anti-c-kit and anti-tryptase reagents, and the results were quantified in areas A and B of connective tissue. Mast cells of all OLP and OLLC samples were positive for toluidine blue, c-kit, and tryptase. The density of toluidine blue+, c-kit+ and tryptase+ mast cells was higher in tissue with OLP and OLLC compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). No difference was noted in mast cells density between OLP and OLLC (p > 0.05). The density of tryptase+ mast cells was higher in the subepithelial region (area A) than the region below it (Area B) in OLLC (p = 0.047). The mononuclear inflammatory cell density was higher in OLLC compared to OLP, but without statistical significance (p > 0.05). A positive statistical correlation was found between mononuclear immune cells and density of c-kit+ and tryptase+ mast cells in OLP (r = 0.943 and r = 0.886, respectively). Our data demonstrate that the etiopathogenesis process of OLP and OLLC modulates the expansion and degranulation of mast cells; mast cells density, however, was similar between OLP and OLLC. The distribution of mast cells appears to vary along the lamina propria. blue ckit, ckit c kit, kit c-kit (OLP amalgam selected analyzed antickit anti antitryptase reagents blue+ ckit+ kit+ p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) area Area 0.047. 0047 0.047 047 0.047) 0943 943 0.94 0886 886 0.886 respectively. respectively respectively) however propria 00 0.0 004 0.04 04 094 94 0.9 088 88 0.88 0. 09 9 08 8 0.8

Abstract During oral surgery and temporomandibular joint repositioning, pain hypersensitivity often occurs due to irritation or inflammation of the nerve endings in the orofacial region. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of ECa 233, a Centella asiatica–standardized extract, on the development of mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia induced by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve in mice. Methodology: The right infraorbital nerves of the mice were ligated. Oral carbamazepine (20 mg/kg) or ECa 233 (30, 100, or 300 mg/kg) was administered daily for 21 days. Von Frey and air-puff tests were performed on both sides of the whisker pad on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Thereafter, the expression of purinergic receptor subtype 3 (P2X3) and voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 (NaV1.7), a transmembrane protein, in the trigeminal ganglion and c-fos immunoreactivity-positive neurons in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis was assessed. Results: After 21 days of infraorbital nerve ligation, the mice showed allodynia- and hyperalgesia-like behavior, P2X3 and NaV1.7 were upregulated in the trigeminal ganglion, and nociceptive activity increased in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. However, the oral administration of carbamazepine (20 mg/kg), ECa 233 (100 mg/kg), or ECa 233 (300 mg/kg) mitigated these effects. Nevertheless, ECa 233 failed to affect NaV1.7 protein expression. Conclusion: Carbamazepine and ECa 233 can prevent pain hypersensitivity in mice. Considering the side effects of the long-term use of carbamazepine, ECa 233 monotherapy or combined ECa 233 and carbamazepine therapy can be used as an alternative for regulating the development of hypersensitivity in trigeminal pain. However, further detailed clinical studies should be conducted to provide comprehensive information on the use of ECa 233. repositioning region Objective asiaticastandardized asiatica standardized extract Methodology ligated 20 (2 mg/kg mgkg mg kg 23 30, 30 (30 100 2 airpuff air puff 0 7 14 Thereafter PX P X (P2X3 voltagegated voltage gated 17 1 1. NaV1.7, NaV17 NaV , NaV1 (NaV1.7) cfos c fos immunoreactivitypositive immunoreactivity positive assessed Results ligation hyperalgesialike like behavior P2X NaV1. However mg/kg, (10 Nevertheless Conclusion longterm long term ( (3 10 (P2X (NaV1.7 (1 (NaV1. (NaV1 (NaV

Abstract Research would be important for obtaining a better understanding of voice complaints among patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Objective The identification of predictors of voice disorders associated with TMD pain was made according to Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) Axis I. Methodology Functional limitations were measured using the Jaw Functional Limitation Scales for mastication (JFLS-M), jaw mobility (JFLS-JM), and verbal and emotional expression (JFLS-VEE). Patients also completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The primary outcome was social-emotional and physical functioning as indicated by scores on the Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to model the relationship between the domains on the V-RQOL questionnaire and scores on the HADS and JFLS after adjusting for age, gender, DC/TMD diagnosis, pain intensity, and time since pain onset. Results The HADS-D (B=-1.15; 95% CI, -1.718 to -0.587; p<.001) and JFLS-VEE (B=-0.22; 95% CI, -0.40 to -0.06; p=.008) were significant predictors of scores on the V-RQOL questionnaire. Conclusion Higher scores on depression measures and limitations in verbal and emotional expression could exacerbate voice problems among TMD pain patients. Future research should promote multidisciplinary treatments for TMD pain-related voice disorders. TMD. . (TMD) DCTMD DC (DC/TMD I JFLSM, JFLSM M , (JFLS-M) JFLSJM, JFLSJM JM (JFLS-JM) JFLSVEE. JFLSVEE VEE (JFLS-VEE) HADS. (HADS) socialemotional social VoiceRelated Voice Related VRQOL V RQOL (V-RQOL age gender diagnosis intensity onset HADSD D B=1.15 B115 B B= 1.15 1 15 (B=-1.15 95 CI 1.718 1718 718 -1.71 0.587 0587 0 587 -0.587 p<.001 p001 p 001 B=0.22 B022 0.22 22 (B=-0.22 0.40 040 40 -0.4 0.06 006 06 -0.06 p=.008 p008 008 painrelated related (TMD (JFLS-M (JFLS-JM (JFLS-VEE (HADS B=1.1 B11 115 1.1 (B=-1.1 9 1.71 171 71 -1.7 0.58 058 58 -0.58 p<.00 p00 00 B=0.2 B02 022 0.2 2 (B=-0.2 0.4 04 4 -0. 0.0 -0.0 p=.00 B=1. B1 11 1. (B=-1. 1.7 17 7 -1. 0.5 05 5 -0.5 p<.0 p0 B=0. B0 02 0. (B=-0. -0 p=.0 B=1 (B=-1 -1 p<. B=0 (B=-0 - p=. (B=- p< p= (B= (B

Abstract Bisphosphonates are prescribed to treat excessive bone resorption in patients with osteoporosis. However, its use is associated with potential adverse effects such as medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, prompting the introduction of the drug holiday concept in patients prior to dentoalveolar surgery. Furthermore, bisphosphonate discontinuation has been studied in vivo, in humans, and in animal models. However, it is not known whether this approach could affect bone cells in vitro. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential effects of bisphosphonate discontinuation on pre-osteoblast and osteoblast activities in vitro. Methodology Pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3) and osteoblasts were treated with bisphosphonate (alendronate) at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 µM. Alendronate was then withdrawn at different time points. The negative control consisted of untreated cells (0 µM), while the positive control consisted of cells incubated with alendronate throughout the experiment. Cell viability, cell adhesion, cell cytoskeleton, mineralization, and gene expressions were investigated. Results Pre-osteoblasts and osteoblasts showed a decrease in cell viability after treatment with 5-10 μM alendronate for 4 days or longer. Two days of alendronate discontinuation significantly increased cell viability compared with the positive control. However, these levels did not reach those of the negative control. Bone nodule formation was reduced by alendronate. Discontinuation of alendronate regained bone nodule formation. Longer periods of discontinuation were more effective in restoring nodule formation than shorter periods. Addition of alendronate resulted in an increase in the percentage of dead cells, which, in turn, decreased when alendronate was discontinued. Alendronate affected the cell cytoskeleton by disassembling actin stress fibers. Cell adhesion and cell morphological parameters were also affected by alendronate. Discontinuation of alendronate restored cell adhesion and these parameters. Overall, the highest improvement after alendronate discontinuation was seen at 10 µM. However, alendronate treatment and discontinuation did not affect osteoblast gene expression. Conclusion Discontinuation of alendronate helps to reverse the negative effects of the drug on cell viability, cell adhesion, and mineralization by restoring the cell cytoskeleton. Our data suggest the benefits of drug holiday and/or intermittent strategies for alendronate administration at the cellular level. osteoporosis However medicationrelated medication related jaw surgery Furthermore vivo humans models vitro Therefore preosteoblast pre Preosteoblasts Pre MC3T3 MCT MC T (MC3T3 (alendronate 1 5 µM points 0 ( µM, , µM) experiment investigated 510 5-1 longer which turn discontinued fibers Overall expression andor level MC3T (MC3T 51 5-

Abstract This study aimed to assess the influence of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes on the nociceptive behavior evoked by the injection of hypertonic saline (HS) into the masseter muscle of rats. Forty male rats were equally divided into four groups: a) isotonic saline control, which received 0.9% isotonic saline (IS), (Ctrl-IS); b) hypertonic saline control, which received 5% HS (Ctrl-HS); c) STZ-induced diabetic, which received IS, (STZ-IS); d) STZ-induced diabetic, which received HS (STZ-HS). Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at dose of 60 mg/kg dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer, and 100 μL of HS or IS were injected into the left masseter to measure the nociceptive behavior. Later on, muscle RNA was extracted to measure the relative expression of the following cytokines: cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukins (IL)-1β, -2, -6, and -10. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to the data (p < 0.050). We observed a main effect of group on the nociceptive response (ANOVA: F = 11.60, p < 0.001), where the Ctrl-HS group presented the highest response (p < 0.001). However, nociceptive response was similar among the Ctrl-IS, STZ-IS, and STZ-HS group (p > 0.050). In addition, the highest relative gene expression of TNF-α and IL-6 was found in the masseter of control rats following experimental muscle pain (p < 0.050). In conclusion, the loss of somatosensory function can be observed in deep orofacial tissues of STZ-induced diabetic rats. STZinduced (HS groups 09 0 9 0.9 , (IS) CtrlIS Ctrl (Ctrl-IS) b 5 CtrlHS (Ctrl-HS) c STZIS (STZ-IS) d STZHS. STZHS . (STZ-HS) 6 mgkg mg kg 01 1 0. buffer 10 cytokines cyclooxygenase2 cyclooxygenase 2 cyclooxygenase- COX2, COX2 COX (COX-2) TNFα, TNFα TNF α (TNF-α) IL1β, IL1β ILβ IL 1β, 1β β (IL)-1β 2, -2 6, -6 10. -10 Oneway One way ANOVA (ANOVA 0.050. 0050 0.050 050 0.050) 1160 11 11.60 0.001, 0001 0.001 001 0.001) 0.001. However CtrlIS, Ctrl-IS STZIS, STZ-IS addition IL6 IL- conclusion (IS (Ctrl-IS (Ctrl-HS (STZ-IS (STZ-HS (COX-2 (TNF-α - -1 005 0.05 05 116 11.6 000 0.00 00 (COX- 0.0 11. (COX