Abstract The Law for Just Access to Habitat in the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina), passed in 2012, opened new democratic and institutional horizons for formalizing citizen participation due to the creation of new spaces and mechanisms. This article analyses the changes and challenges brought about by the implementation of Local Habitat Councils (LHC) promoted by this legislation in two municipalities of Greater Buenos Aires (Florencio Varela and Tigre). Semi-structured interviews with public officials and social actors suggest that participatory mechanisms in housing policy represent an opportunity to include neighbourhood organizations and leaders in decision-making. However, this is not yet fully consolidated; LHCs in these municipalities have followed divergent trajectories due to different levels of participation and organization on the part of local actors, working dynamics, sustainability, and local characteristics in each territory.

Resumen La Ley de Acceso Justo al Hábitat, sancionada en 2012, propuso nuevos horizontes institucionales y democráticos para formalizar la participación ciudadana en la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Este artículo analiza los cambios y dificultades que trajo la implementación de los Consejos Locales de Hábitat (CLH) (espacios de participación determinados por dicha ley( en dos municipios del Gran Buenos Aires: Florencio Varela y Tigre. A partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas a funcionarios públicos y actores clave, se sostiene que la incorporación de mecanismos de participación, consulta y asesoramiento, como los CLH en las políticas de vivienda y hábitat, son una oportunidad para las organizaciones y líderes barriales en la toma de decisiones que, no obstante, no se han consolidado. Los consejos de ambos municipios poseen trayectorias distintas que dependen del nivel de organización y participación de los actores locales, sus modalidades de trabajo, la sostenibilidad y las particularidades locales de cada territorio.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar áreas de oportunidad en la gestión de compras, sus operaciones y funciones en pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector metalmecánico de la ciudad de Gómez Palacio, Durango, México. Se planteó la hipótesis de que existen prácticas en el área de compras que se gestionan de manera deficiente y que representan áreas de oportunidad para su mejora contribuyendo con ello a mejorar la eficacia y la eficiencia de la cadena de suministro. Para obtener la información necesaria se aplicó un cuestionario diseñado en Google forms a una muestra no probabilística de 13 empresas del ramo metalmecánico de la ciudad de Gómez Palacio, Durango., México. El análisis estadístico se realizó con la prueba no paramétrica para muestras pequeñas Kruskal-Wallis y el estadístico Chi cuadrado. La prueba de maduréz de las prácticas se realizó con el uso del modelo SCOR (Supply Chain Operations Reference Model. Los resultados, obtenidos a través de la identificación de debilidades en el proceso, permitieron encontrar áreas de oportunidad en algunas prácticas de compras, asi como también áreas de oportunidad específicas para las 13 empresas estudiadas.

Abstract The objective of this work was to identify areas of opportunity in purchasing management, its operations, and functions in small and medium-sized companies in the metal-mechanic sector in the city of Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico. The hypothesis was raised that there are practices in the purchasing area that are poorly managed and that represent areas of opportunity for improvement, thereby contributing to improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the supply chain. To obtain the necessary information, a questionnaire designed in Google forms was applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 13 companies in the metal-mechanic industry in the city of Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico. Statistical analysis was performed with the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test for small samples and the Chi-square statistic. The maturity test of the practices was carried out using the SCOR (Supply Chain Operations Reference Model) model. The results, obtained through the identification of weaknesses in the process, made it possible to find areas of opportunity in some purchasing practices, as well as also specific opportunity areas for the 13 companies studied.

Abstract Over the last few years, a context of poverty and uncertainty has been looming over the future of Brazil, bringing an increase in cost of living and unemployment along with it. In the face of this scenario, it is necessary to look for other opportunities for work and remuneration. As such, entrepreneurship appears as a possibility to generate an income source. Entrepreneurs do not always start businesses following conventional management theories, as they are subjects just looking for an opportunity to help them survive. This study looks for a possible characterization of the social innovator in a crossroads through the theories of three authors: Souza Neto, Sarasvathy and Carrieri, who focus on the entrepreneur performing social innovation, generating income for themselves and, most times, solving issues that have not been yet solved by the State in their territory. This study compares the aforementioned theories through an integrational literature review performed in 2022, with field observations of the researchers with entrepreneurs in peripheral areas as of 15 years ago. The objective is to characterize the social innovator in a crossroads in an attempt to extend the field of view to the small entrepreneur using gaps in the system, without systematic knowledge of management to perform their entrepreneurial activities.

Resumo Há um contexto de pobreza e incerteza perante o futuro no Brasil dos últimos anos, trazendo consigo o aumento do custo de vida e o desemprego. Nesse cenário faz-se necessária a busca por outras oportunidades de trabalho e remuneração. O empreendedorismo por necessidade surge, então, como uma opção possível para gerar renda. Estes empreendedores nem sempre começam os seus negócios de acordo com as teorias administrativas convencionais, pois são sujeitos que buscam oportunidades de sobrevivência. Este trabalho busca uma possível caracterização do inovador social de encruzilhada, através da teoria de três autores: Souza Neto, Sa-rasvathy e Carrieri, que focam no empreendedor que inova socialmente gerando renda para si e, na maior parte das vezes, resolvendo questões que ainda não foram resolvidas pelo Estado em seus territórios. Este trabalho compara estas teorias por meio de uma revisão integrativa de literatura realizada em 2022, com as observações de campo das pesquisadoras com empreendedores periféricos, há 15 anos. Buscamos caracterizar o inovador social de encruzilhada na tentativa de ampliar o olhar para esse pequeno empreendedor que utiliza as brechas do sistema sem um conhecimento sistemático de administração para realizar a sua forma de empreender.

Resumen Un contexto de pobreza e incertidumbre sobre el futuro azota a la población brasileña en los últimos años, trayendo consigo aumento del costo de vida y desempleo. En este escenario, es necesario buscar otras oportunidades de trabajo y remuneración. El emprendimiento por necesidad surge entonces como una opción posible para generar ingresos. Y estos emprendedores no siempre inician sus negocios de acuerdo con las teorías administrativas convencionales, ya que son individuos que buscan oportunidades de supervivencia. Este trabajo busca una posible caracterización del innovador social encrucijada, a través de la teoría de tres autores: Souza Neto, Sarasvathy y Carrieri, quien es el emprendedor que innova socialmente generando ingresos para sí mismo y la mayor parte del tiempo resolviendo problemas que aún no han sido resueltos por el Estado en sus territorios. Buscamos caracterizar al innovador social en la encrucijada en un intento de ampliar la mirada de este pequeño empresario que aprovecha los vacíos del sistema sin un conocimiento sistemático de la administración para llevar a cabo su forma de emprender.

Abstract: The Linguistic Landscape, a relatively recent area of research, deals with the visible written form of languages in public space. The methodology of data collection involves photographing and documenting the distinct types of support, languages and their functions in urban space. Linguistic Landscape research usually considers the simultaneous presence of several languages or varieties and their relation to each other. However, within the so-called Spot German approach, not necessarily used for academic purposes, data collection can be carried out for a specific purpose, without documenting all visible signs. In this article, I discuss the characteristics, definitions, and differences between the approaches and briefly present the possible sources of data collection based on research conducted in different countries. In addition, I present as an example of application the case of the German language in its relation to the space near a German school and its influence on the linguistic landscape of the city in which it is located. Finally, I present pedagogical possibilities for exploring the linguistic landscape in language teaching, as it offers the opportunity to investigate the relationship of the city and people with the languages in their surroundings, as well as presenting numerous entries for didactic exploration. Abstract support other However socalled so called approach purposes purpose signs article characteristics definitions countries addition located Finally teaching surroundings exploration

Resumo: A Paisagem Linguística, área de pesquisa relativamente recente, trata da forma escrita das línguas visível no espaço público. A metodologia de coleta de dados engloba fotografar e documentar os diferentes tipos de suporte, de línguas e suas funções no espaço urbano. As pesquisas em Paisagem Linguística geralmente consideram a presença simultânea de várias línguas ou variedades e sua relação umas com as outras, porém, dentro da abordagem denominada Spot German , não necessariamente utilizada com fins acadêmicos, a coleta de dados pode ser realizada com um objetivo específico, sem documentação de todos os sinais visíveis. Assim, neste artigo, discorro sobre as características, definições e diferenças entre as abordagens e apresento brevemente as possíveis fontes de coleta de dados com base em pesquisas realizadas em diversos países. Além disso, trago como exemplo de aplicação a língua alemã em sua relação com o espaço próximo a um colégio alemão e sua possível influência na paisagem linguística da cidade na qual se encontra. Por fim, apresento possibilidades pedagógicas para explorar a paisagem linguística no ensino de línguas, que oferece oportunidade de investigar a relação da cidade e das pessoas com as línguas do entorno, da mesma forma que apresenta inúmeras entradas para exploração didática. Resumo recente público suporte urbano outras porém acadêmicos específico visíveis Assim artigo características países disso encontra fim entorno didática

ABSTRACT • The possible production of fructo-oligosaccharides from sucrose was evaluated in the Base Business Unit (UEB) “Ignacio Agramonte'”, which currently produces sorbitol, with low exploitation of the installed capacity, due to lack of glucose. There was an opportunity in infrastructure, time and labor to convert the entity into a multipurpose plant. A simulation model of the technology for the production of fructo-oligosaccharide syrup from sucrose was developed, based on the enzymatic transformation of sucrose into fructo-oligosaccharides, using the recombinant enzyme 1-SST (1-sucrose: sucrose fructosyltransferase) expressed in Pichia pastoris, obtained at the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology at Sancti Spiritus. Model validation yielded relative errors lesser than 5 %. Two improvement alternatives were evaluated based on increasing the production of FOS by using the actual installed capacity in the sorbitol factory (alternative 1) and also increasing the initial concentration of the sucrose solution (alternative 2). Feasibility of the alternatives was evaluated by comparing the annual net cash income (Anci) and expenses. Alternative 2 was the best, producing 841,5 t of fructo-oligosaccharides in 90 working days, with a benefit/cost ratio of 1,2.

RESUMEN • Se evaluó la posibilidad de incorporar la produccón de fructo-oligosacáridos a partir de sacarosa en la Unidad Empresarial de Base (UEB) “Ignacio Agramonte” que produce actualmente sorbitol, con un bajo aprovechamiento de la capacidad instalada por falta de glucosa, existiendo oportunidad en infraestructura, tiempo y mano de obra para convertir la entidad en una planta multipropósito. Se desarrolló un modelo de simulación de la tecnología de producción de sirope de fructo-oligosacáridos a partir de sacarosa, basada en la transformación enzimática de la sacarosa en fructo-oligosacáridos, utiizando la enzima recombinante 1-SST (1-sacarosa: sacarosa fructosiltransferasa) expresada en Pichia pastoris, obtenida en el Centro de Ingeniería Genética y Biotecnología de Sancti Spiritus. La validación del modelo arrojó errores relativos menores que el 5 %. Se evaluaron dos alternativas de mejoras a partir de aumentar la producción de FOS al utilizar la capacidad real instalada en la fábrica de sorbitol (alternativa 1) y además aumentar la concentración inicial de la solución de sacarosa (alternativa 2). Se evaluó la factibilidad de las alternativas al comparar la ganancia anual después de impuestos (Anci) y los egresos. La alternativa 2 resultó la mejor, produciéndose con ella 841,5 t de fructo-oligosacáridos en 90 días de trabajo, con una relacion beneficio / costo de 1,2.

Abstract This study aimed to present educational interventions in the context of the Education Program through PET-Health Interprofessionality (PET-I), carried out in teaching and in healthcare service of a municipality of Goiás state, based on the analysis of focus groups and portfolios made by participants. A descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach was carried out, based on the theoretical-conceptual and methodological foundations of interprofessional education, from August 2019 to November 2020. It was observed that students perceived participation in PET-I as an opportunity to interact with other professions, to associate theory with practice and to act as leading actors. Participants believe that working together to provide the best care for patients requires a basic understanding of the different perspectives and responsibilities of professionals involved. They emphasized informal conversations, meetings, and case discussions as opportunities to understand professional’s opinions and assignments, and deepen their understanding of the importance of collaborative communication. PETHealth PET Health PETI, PETI I , (PET-I) state participants theoreticalconceptual theoretical conceptual education 201 2020 professions actors involved conversations meetings professional s assignments communication (PET-I 20 202 2

Resumo O objetivo desse estudo é apresentar intervenções educacionais no contexto do PET-I, realizadas no ensino e no serviço de saúde de um município no sudoeste de Goiás, a partir da análise dos grupos focais e dos portfólios realizados pelos participantes, de forma longitudinal. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, fundamentado nas bases teórico-conceituais e metodológicas da EIP, no período de agosto de 2019 a novembro de 2020. Observou-se que os discentes perceberam a participação no PET-I como uma oportunidade de interagir com outras profissões, além da sua própria e de associar teoria à prática e atuar como protagonistas. Os participantes acreditam que trabalhar em conjunto para fornecer o melhor atendimento aos pacientes requer uma compreensão básica das diferentes perspectivas, funções e responsabilidades de todos os profissionais envolvidos no trabalho. Eles enfatizaram conversas informais, reuniões e até mesmo discussões de casos como uma oportunidade para permitir que todos entendessem as opiniões e atribuições do profissional e aprofundassem seu entendimento da importância da comunicação colaborativa. PETI, PETI PET I, I Goiás longitudinal exploratório qualitativa teóricoconceituais teórico conceituais EIP 201 2020 Observouse Observou se profissões protagonistas perspectivas trabalho informais colaborativa 20 202 2

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify indicators of social inequalities associated with mortality from neoplasms in the Brazilian adult population. A scoping review method was used, establishing the guiding question: What is the effect of social inequalities on mortality from neoplasms in the Brazilian adult population? A total of 567 papers were identified, 22 of which were considered eligible. A variety of indicators were identified, such as the Human Development Index and the Gini Index, which primarily assessed differences in income, schooling, human development and vulnerability. A single pattern of association between the indicators and the different neoplasms was not established, nor was a single indicator capable of explaining the effect of social inequality at all levels of territorial area and by deaths from all types of neoplasms identified. It is known that mortality is influenced by social inequalities and that the study of indicators provides an opportunity to define which best explains deaths. This review highlights important gaps regarding the use of non-modifiable social indicators, analysis of small geographical areas, and limited use of multidimensional indicators. population used question 56 identified 2 eligible income schooling vulnerability established nonmodifiable non modifiable areas 5

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar indicadores de desigualdades sociais associados à mortalidade por neoplasias na população adulta brasileira. Utilizou-se como método a revisão de escopo, estabelecendo-se a pergunta norteadora: qual o efeito das desigualdades sociais na mortalidade por neoplasias na população adulta brasileira? Foram identificados 567 trabalhos, sendo 22 considerados elegíveis. Identificou-se uma diversidade de indicadores, como o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano e o Índice de Gini, entre outros, que avaliaram primordialmente diferenças de renda, escolarização, desenvolvimento humano e vulnerabilidade. Não foi estabelecido um único padrão de associação entre os indicadores e as diferentes neoplasias, assim como não se identificou um indicador único capaz de explicar o efeito da desigualdade social em todos os níveis de área e por óbitos por todos os tipos de neoplasias, mas identificou-se que a mortalidade é influenciada pelas desigualdades sociais e que o estudo dos indicadores proporciona definir qual melhor explica os óbitos. Essa revisão destaca importantes lacunas referentes ao uso de indicadores sociais não modificáveis, à análise de pequenas áreas e ao uso limitado de indicadores multidimensionais. brasileira Utilizouse Utilizou escopo estabelecendose estabelecendo norteadora 56 trabalhos 2 elegíveis Identificouse Identificou Gini outros renda escolarização vulnerabilidade identificouse modificáveis multidimensionais 5

There is growing evidence that soil degradation, among other factors, has led to both the decline and constraint of agriculture in southern Africa. Conservation and regenerative agriculture (CA/RA) have been proposed as a grain crop production system that could slow down, halt or even reverse some of these disturbing trends. But the question remains whether it is financially viable. We sought to find an answer to this question by comparing the financial returns of a CA/RA system over a 20-year period to its alternatives, namely conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) production systems. The cumulative free cash flow (CFCF) of the average between the realistic and conservative CA/RA scenarios in year 20 is considerably higher than that of the other systems under investigation. The CFCF for CA/RA in year 20 in Mpumalanga is estimated to be ZAR86 million, compared to -ZAR51 million for CT and about ZAR4 million for NT. That is a net difference between ZAR137 million (compared to CT) and ZAR82 million (compared to NT). In the Maluti area, the CFCF for the CA/RA production system is estimated at ZAR26 million, compared to -ZAR66 million for CT and -ZAR19 million for NT. In the North-West production area, the CFCF for the CA/RA production system is estimated at ZAR35 million, compared to -ZAR9 million for CT and about ZAR21 million for NT. The differences between the CFCF of the CA/RA system and the other systems represent the financial opportunity cost of not converting to the CA/RA system. SIGNIFICANCE: • Soil degradation leads to both the decline and constraint of agriculture in southern Africa. • Conservation and regenerative agriculture (CA/RA) have been proposed as a grain crop production system that could slow down, halt or even reverse some of these disturbing trends. • CA/RA are financially more viable in three grain production areas of South Africa. • The cumulative free cash flow (CFCF) CA/RA in year 20 is considerably higher than that of the other systems. • The differences between the CFCF of the CA/RA system and the other systems represent the financial opportunity cost of not converting to the CA/RA system.

Emergency medical services (EMS) are a vital component of the health system and provide pre-hospital emergency care and specialised transport for patients requiring access to health facilities, thereby contributing to universal health coverage and improving health outcomes. Evidence regarding the current state of EMS within South Africa to fulfil this role is lacking and was the motivation for this review. Our objective was to describe the current state of EMS in South Africa. A literature search was conducted using keywords, BOOLEAN operating terms, and eligibility criteria on Sabinet, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Medline, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases to find articles related to the components of the EMS system in South Africa. The articles were critically assessed, and six themes emerged: leadership and governance; resources; preparedness (knowledge, attitude, and practices) of the emergency care provider; health and safety; training; and communications. Challenges were found in all themes at a provincial EMS level despite improvements in legislation, leadership, and governance from the National Department of Health. These themes demonstrate that all components in the EMS system are not functioning optimally and may be affecting its contribution to improving universal health coverage and health outcomes. The current state of EMS appears to be constrained and requires greater leadership and governance from the Provincial Departments of Health to improve poorly functioning components of the EMS system. SIGNIFICANCE: The current state of EMS in South Africa lacks efficiency in its role to provide emergency care and transportation for patients wanting to access health facilities. Poorly functioning components of the EMS system have been identified and provide an opportunity for health authorities to make improvements so that the goal of universal health coverage and improved health outcomes can be realised.

SIGNIFICANCE For students and early career researchers, the opportunity to present their research at internal seminars and external workshops and conferences is met with both excitement and trepidation. For researchers eager to receive feedback, and for experts in the field wanting to reflect and engage with the work they are doing, conferences provide a space for deep and invigorating development of their argument and research. However, instances in which commentary offered is overly critical, not mindful of the context of the work, and unhelpful, leave students and early career researchers questioning the value of their research, and increasingly disillusioned about academia. We offer a set of key questions that can be used to frame comments at conferences and workshops to maintain engagement whilst enhancing constructive feedback and minimising unhelpful criticism.

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives Most professionals working in Occupational Health and Safety have some notions regarding the distribution of Occupational Accidents versus gender, however, not all have had the opportunity to consult reasonably up-to-date data on this subject. The aim of this review was to clearly summarize not only some articles that addressed this subject, but also to have access to national and European statistical data. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in May 2023 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. The websites of Pordata and the National Institute of Statistics were also consulted. Content There are anatomical and physiological differences between genders, namely body size and shape, musculature and metabolism, which can modulate certain occupational issues, such as choosing and staying in certain jobs. Incidentally, in the same section of work, sometimes both genders take on different tasks and/or perform them in different ways. 98.8% of accidents in absolute numbers occur in males, as this is obviously much more prevalent in the industrial and construction sectors, areas where there is a higher accident rate. Discussion and Conclusions Accidents at work are more frequent and serious among men, not only due to the type of tasks that exist in positions predominantly assumed by this gender, but also due to the personality and influence of society and culture, which generally encourages more in this context to need to defy danger and/or be more acceptable not following the rules. Adherence to the proposed Safety measures varies with the Perception of Risk and the influence of the work team, management and society. As more of this global interference is taken into account, the greater the ability of the Occupational Health and Safety team to mitigate the incidence and severity of Occupational Accidents and thus obtain a safer workplace, and these measures must be different between the male and female sexes.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos A generalidade dos profissionais a exercer na Saúde e Segurança Ocupacionais tem algumas noções relativas à distribuição dos Acidentes Laborais versus sexo, contudo, nem todos terão tido oportunidade de consultar dados razoavelmente atualizados sobre esse assunto. Pretendeu-se com esta revisão resumir de forma clara, não só alguns artigos que abordassem este assunto, como também ter acesso a dados estatísticos nacionais e europeus nesta área. Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em maio de 2023 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Foram também consultados os sites da Pordata e do Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Conteúdo Existem diferenças anátomo-fisiológicas entre os géneros, nomeadamente tamanho e formato corporal, musculatura e metabolização, que podem modular determinadas questões ocupacionais, como a escolha e permanência em alguns postos laborais. Aliás, na mesma secção de trabalho, por vezes os dois géneros assumem tarefas diferentes e/ou executam-nas de formas diversas. Em números absolutos, 98,8% dos acidentes ocorrem no sexo masculino, por este ser obviamente muito mais prevalente nos setores industrial e da construção, áreas essas onde existe uma maior sinistralidade. Discussão e Conclusões Os acidentes de trabalho são mais frequentes e graves no sexo masculino, não só devido ao tipo de tarefas que existem nos postos assumidos predominantemente por este género, mas também devido à personalidade e influência da sociedade e cultura que, geralmente, incentiva mais neste contexto a necessidade de desafiar o perigo e/ou ser mais aceitável não cumprir as regras. A adesão às medidas de Segurança propostas varia com a Perceção de Risco e a influência da equipa de trabalho, chefia e sociedade. Quanto mais esta globalidade de interferências for levada em conta, maior a capacidade da equipa de Saúde e Segurança Ocupacionais para atenuar a incidência e gravidade dos Acidentes Laborais e assim se obter um local de trabalho mais seguro, sendo que essas medidas deverão ser distintas entre os sexos masculino e feminino.

Resumen La corrupción se ha complicado tanto en la sociedad mundial, que una buena parte de los acuerdos y convenios internacionales la incluyen dentro de sus decálogos como un problema que hay que combatir. En esta realidad, las instituciones en el marco de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible juegan un papel preponderante, pues constituyen una oportunidad para cambiar el rumbo de la sociedad mundial. El número que corresponde al objetivo de “Paz, justicia e instituciones sólidas”, es de particular relevancia; pues supone la creación y el afianzamiento de organizaciones íntegras y sólidas, en las que la transparencia, la rendición de cuentas y el acceso a la información juegan un papel fundamental donde la integridad se convierte en la virtud central y el fundamento del desarrollo sostenible. La cuestión es simple, si vivimos en una sociedad injusta, es porque hay instituciones que tienen esas mismas características. La práctica de la transparencia y la información accesible, juegan un papel fundamental.

Abstract Corruption has become so complicated in world society that a good part of the international agreements and conventions include it within their decalogues as a problema that must be combated. In this reality, the institutions within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals play a preponderant rol, since they constitute an opportunity to change the course of worl society. The number that corresponds to the objective of “Peace, justice and solid institutions” is of particular relevance; since it supposes the creation and consolidation of upright and solid organizations, in which transparency, accountability and Access to information play fundamental role sustainable development. The question is simple, if we live in an unjust society, it is because there are institutions that have those same characteristics. The practice of transparency and accessible information play a fundamental role.

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o trabalho dos profissionais das equipes de saúde bucal da rede pública na pandemia da covid-19 do ponto de vista dos gestores. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo-qualitativo, com 163 gestores municipais de saúde da Bahia, que responderam a um questionário virtual, de junho a outubro de 2020. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados quantitativos utilizando o Statistical Package for the Social Science, e Análise Temática das respostas subjetivas, com auxílio do IRaMuTeQ. Um escopo de atuação das equipes de saúde bucal, que atuam em todos os níveis de atenção à saúde, foi reconhecido como mais abrangente que o tradicional nesse período. A pandemia deu ênfase às fragilidades crônicas nas condições de trabalho dos cirurgiões-dentistas, técnicos e auxiliares de saúde bucal da rede pública, como a insuficiência de instrumentais odontológicos e de insumos, a precária manutenção dos equipamentos odontológicos, a fragilidade dos vínculos empregatícios e a estrutura física inadequada nas unidades de saúde, comprometendo a biossegurança. Assim, abre-se uma oportunidade para identificar e implementar mudanças necessárias não apenas no contexto de crise sanitária, mas também no período pós-pandemia. covid19 covid 19 covid-1 Tratase Trata se quantitativoqualitativo, quantitativoqualitativo quantitativo qualitativo, qualitativo quantitativo-qualitativo 16 Bahia virtual 2020 Science subjetivas IRaMuTeQ cirurgiõesdentistas, cirurgiõesdentistas cirurgiões dentistas, dentistas cirurgiões-dentistas insumos biossegurança Assim abrese abre sanitária póspandemia. póspandemia pós pandemia. pós-pandemia covid1 1 covid- 202 20 2

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the work of professionals from oral health teams in the public service, in the COVID-19 pandemic, from the point of view of managers. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative-qualitative study, with 163 municipal health managers in Bahia, who answered a virtual questionnaire, from June to October 2020. The descriptive analysis of the quantitative data was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science, and Thematic Analysis was applied to the subjective responses, using IRaMuTeQ. The scope of action of oral health teams, which operate at all levels of health care, was recognized as broader than the traditional in this period. The pandemic emphasized the chronic problems in the working conditions of dentists, technicians, and oral health assistants in the public service, such as the lack of dental instruments and supplies, the precarious maintenance of dental equipment, the fragility of employment relationships, and the inadequate physical structure in the health units, compromising biosecurity. Thus, there is an opportunity to identify and implement necessary changes not only in the context of a health crisis, but in the post-pandemic period. service COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional quantitativequalitative qualitative 16 Bahia questionnaire 2020 Science responses IRaMuTeQ care period dentists technicians supplies equipment relationships units biosecurity Thus crisis postpandemic post COVID1 1 COVID- 202 20 2

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the work of professionals from oral health teams in the public service, in the COVID-19 pandemic, from the point of view of managers. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative-qualitative study, with 163 municipal health managers in Bahia, who answered a virtual questionnaire, from June to October 2020. The descriptive analysis of the quantitative data was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science, and Thematic Analysis was applied to the subjective responses, using IRaMuTeQ. The scope of action of oral health teams, which operate at all levels of health care, was recognized as broader than the traditional in this period. The pandemic emphasized the chronic problems in the working conditions of dentists, technicians, and oral health assistants in the public service, such as the lack of dental instruments and supplies, the precarious maintenance of dental equipment, the fragility of employment relationships, and the inadequate physical structure in the health units, compromising biosecurity. Thus, there is an opportunity to identify and implement necessary changes not only in the context of a health crisis, but in the post-pandemic period.

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou caracterizar o trabalho dos profissionais das equipes de saúde bucal da rede pública na pandemia da covid-19 do ponto de vista dos gestores. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo-qualitativo, com 163 gestores municipais de saúde da Bahia, que responderam a um questionário virtual, de junho a outubro de 2020. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados quantitativos utilizando o Statistical Package for the Social Science, e Análise Temática das respostas subjetivas, com auxílio do IRaMuTeQ. Um escopo de atuação das equipes de saúde bucal, que atuam em todos os níveis de atenção à saúde, foi reconhecido como mais abrangente que o tradicional nesse período. A pandemia deu ênfase às fragilidades crônicas nas condições de trabalho dos cirurgiões-dentistas, técnicos e auxiliares de saúde bucal da rede pública, como a insuficiência de instrumentais odontológicos e de insumos, a precária manutenção dos equipamentos odontológicos, a fragilidade dos vínculos empregatícios e a estrutura física inadequada nas unidades de saúde, comprometendo a biossegurança. Assim, abre-se uma oportunidade para identificar e implementar mudanças necessárias não apenas no contexto de crise sanitária, mas também no período pós-pandemia.

BACKGROUND. Globally, prostate cancer (PCa) accounts for 6.6% of deaths, while in South Africa (SA), PCa accounts for 13% of deaths in males, with over 4 000 SA men diagnosed with PCa annually. This may be attributed to the inadequate availability of screening, early detection and possibly other socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. OBJECTIVES. To determine the factors associated with knowledge and perceptions of PCa among men in the Tshwane district. METHODS. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted between August 2022 and June 2023 in a study population of men, >18 years, residing in Tshwane district located in Gauteng, South Africa. RESULTS. In this study, 91.7% of the subjects responded that they had heard about PCa, while 11% thought they might be at risk for having PCa. While 93.7% of the respondents reported that they had never tested for PCa, 98.3% said that if they were offered the opportunity to test voluntarily, they would agree to test for PCa. There was a significant association between age and knowledge of PCa (p<0.001). There was also a significant association between perception of PCa and smoking (p=0.034), age (p=0.035) and level of education (p=0.04). CONCLUSION. This study shows significant associations between age and level of education with knowledge, perception and awareness of PCa. Educational campaigns targeting diverse age and education groups are recommended, along with smoking cessation programmes, improved PCa screening access, tailored messaging, healthcare collaborations, and cultural sensitivity to enhance awareness and early detection.