ABSTRACT Planting is considered one of the most essential steps in coffee growing. Lack of uniformity in planting may compromise future operations. Therefore, verifying planting operations quality is fundamental to optimizing production processes and reducing costs. This study aimed to investigate planting techniques through Statistical Process Control (SPC) and aerial images. Carried out in two areas, managed manually and semi-mechanized in the Bom Jardim Farm (MG - Brazil). Data were collected through Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA). Quality control charts and density maps were used to identify variations in distribution and spacing between plants and planting rows. It was found that the planting carried out manually was 4.7% wider than projected due to spacing reduction from 0.5 m to 0.48 m. The semi-mechanized system displayed a deficit of 7% compared to the projected planting system, using 0.55 m between plants. The density map showed the most significant planting alignment variations. Despite displaying lower results than the manual system, the semi-mechanized system improvements are valid for their minimal average variations. Thus, correcting points found outside the limits can increase the efficiency of semi-mechanized planting. growing Therefore costs SPC (SPC images areas semimechanized semi mechanized MG Brazil. Brazil . Brazil) RPA. RPA (RPA) rows 47 4 7 4.7 05 0 5 0. 048 48 0.4 055 55 Thus (RPA 4. 04

Abstract Standardized Work (SW) is an approach originated in the manufacturing industry, which aims to standardize and improve the efficiency of operations cycles, based on the Lean Production Philosophy. SW has the potential to support the implementation of Location-Based Planning and Control (LBPC) as it allows balancing the workload between workers or teams, contributing to the synchronization of processes. The aim of this study is to propose a method for implementing SW as an additional element of LBPC. Design Science Research was the methodological approach adopted in this investigation and an empirical study was carried out in a real estate company, in which the method for implementing SW was conceived and implemented.The following benefits were identified in the study: increase in the degree of process standardization, improvement in process synchronization, increase in the engagement of the work force with process standards, and improvement in terms of time reliability. The main contribution of this research study has been the adaptation of SW in the construction context as an additional element of LBPC. (SW industry cycles Philosophy LocationBased Location Based LBPC (LBPC teams processes company implementedThe implemented standardization standards reliability

Resumo Trabalho Padronizado (TP) é uma abordagem originária da indústria da manufatura que visa a padronizar e melhorar a eficiência dos ciclos de operações com base na Filosofia da Produção Enxuta. O TP tem o potencial de apoiar a implementação do Planejamento e Controle Baseado em Localização (LBPC), pois permite equilibrar a carga de trabalho entre os trabalhadores ou equipes, contribuindo para a sincronização de processos. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um método para implementação do TP como um elemento adicional do LBPC. Design Science Research foi a abordagem metodológica utilizada, sendo conduzido um estudo empírico em uma empresa atuante no mercado imobiliário, na qual o método para implementação do TP foi concebido e implementado. Os seguintes benefícios foram identificados no estudo: aumento do grau de padronização das operações, melhoria na sincronização entre processos, aumento do engajamento da mão-de-obra com padrões de processo, e melhoria em termos de confiabilidade em relação a prazos. A principal contribuição desta pesquisa para o avanço do conhecimento foi a adaptação da abordagem do TP ao contexto da construção civil como um elemento adicional do LBPC. (TP Enxuta LBPC, LBPC , (LBPC) equipes processos utilizada imobiliário implementado mãodeobra mão obra processo prazos (LBPC

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar áreas de oportunidad en la gestión de compras, sus operaciones y funciones en pequeñas y medianas empresas del sector metalmecánico de la ciudad de Gómez Palacio, Durango, México. Se planteó la hipótesis de que existen prácticas en el área de compras que se gestionan de manera deficiente y que representan áreas de oportunidad para su mejora contribuyendo con ello a mejorar la eficacia y la eficiencia de la cadena de suministro. Para obtener la información necesaria se aplicó un cuestionario diseñado en Google forms a una muestra no probabilística de 13 empresas del ramo metalmecánico de la ciudad de Gómez Palacio, Durango., México. El análisis estadístico se realizó con la prueba no paramétrica para muestras pequeñas Kruskal-Wallis y el estadístico Chi cuadrado. La prueba de maduréz de las prácticas se realizó con el uso del modelo SCOR (Supply Chain Operations Reference Model. Los resultados, obtenidos a través de la identificación de debilidades en el proceso, permitieron encontrar áreas de oportunidad en algunas prácticas de compras, asi como también áreas de oportunidad específicas para las 13 empresas estudiadas.

Abstract The objective of this work was to identify areas of opportunity in purchasing management, its operations, and functions in small and medium-sized companies in the metal-mechanic sector in the city of Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico. The hypothesis was raised that there are practices in the purchasing area that are poorly managed and that represent areas of opportunity for improvement, thereby contributing to improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the supply chain. To obtain the necessary information, a questionnaire designed in Google forms was applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 13 companies in the metal-mechanic industry in the city of Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico. Statistical analysis was performed with the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test for small samples and the Chi-square statistic. The maturity test of the practices was carried out using the SCOR (Supply Chain Operations Reference Model) model. The results, obtained through the identification of weaknesses in the process, made it possible to find areas of opportunity in some purchasing practices, as well as also specific opportunity areas for the 13 companies studied.

Abstract Introduction Tonsillectomy is one of the most common operations performed by otorhinolaryngology surgeons worldwide; however, the insufficient quality of the postoperative pain management and effective posttonsillectomy pain relief remain a clinical dilemma. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of applying bismuth iodine paraffin paste (BIPP) to the dissected fossa as an adjuvant therapy for a better outcome in terms of posttonsillectomy pain management and due to its wound healing properties. Methods The present is a prospective randomized control pilot study with 44 patients aged > 7 years who underwent tonsillectomy. The patients were divided into two groups: the control group and the group that had BIPP applied to the dissected tonsillar fossa. The visual analogue scale score and the post-onsillectomy percentage of tonsillar fossa epithelization were recorded and evaluated. Results Both subjectively and objectively, there a was statistically significant pain-relieving effect in the BIPP group within the first 5 postoperative days (p < 0.05). From postoperative day 3 onward, the dissected area of the tonsillar fossa healed significantly faster in the BIPP group compared with the control group, and it became stable on day 14. Conclusion The topical application of BIPP showed a better pain-relieving effect, it was safe, and hastened wound healing after tonsillectomy. worldwide however dilemma (BIPP properties 4 tonsillectomy groups postonsillectomy post onsillectomy evaluated objectively painrelieving relieving p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) onward 14 safe 00 0.0 1 0.

ABSTRACT This research aims to empirically examine the internal branding processes implemented by a global sports fashion firm to turn all employees into competent brand ambassadors. Brand-oriented training was hypothesized as an antecedent of salesperson brand identification and brand commitment, which drive brand-aligned behavior, the critical trait of employee brand ambassadors. These hypotheses were tested by surveying 141 corporate and retail employees of a global sportswear fashion brand's regional operations in Mexico. The principal conclusion is that brand-oriented training proves a significant driver of salesperson brand identification. Furthermore, brand identification drives brand commitment and brand-aligned behavior among all company employees, not just salespersons.

RESUMEN Esta investigación tiene como objetivo examinar empíricamente los procesos de branding interno, implementados por una importante firma de moda deportiva para convertir a todos los empleados en embajadores de marca competentes. Se planteó la hipótesis de que la capacitación orientada a la marca es un antecedente de la identificación y el compromiso con la marca por parte del vendedor, lo que impulsa un comportamiento alineado con la marca, el rasgo crítico de los empleados embajadores de la marca. Estas hipótesis se probaron encuestando a 141 empleados corporativos y minoristas de las operaciones regionales de una importante marca de moda deportiva en México. La principal conclusión es que la capacitación orientada a la marca proporciona un impulsor significativo de la identificación de la marca por parte de los vendedores. Además, la identificación de la marca impulsa el compromiso con la marca y el comportamiento alineado con la marca entre todos los empleados de la empresa, no sólo entre los vendedores.

ABSTRACT This work aims to identify innovations, technological advances, and best practices to migrate towards a circular economy in air transport. The relevance of the research lies in the contribution to the generation of circular economy knowledge in the field of administration with application in the aeronautical industry. By analyzing literature and best practices, the circular economy could be a viable solution to reduce the use of natural resources in aircraft manufacturing and airport operations. Among the main findings are innovations and technological developments in new materials, fuels, building methods, and best practices implemented at airports to obtain energy and generate less waste. It has also been identified that applying circular economy principles in this mode of transport would contribute to sustainability efforts and increase the competitiveness of organizations in the sector.

RESUMEN Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar innovaciones, avances tecnológicos y mejores prácticas para migrar hacia una economía circular en el transporte aéreo. La relevancia de la investigación radica en el aporte a la generación de conocimiento sobre economía circular en el campo de la administración con aplicación en la industria aeronáutica. Al analizar la literatura y las mejores prácticas, la economía circular podría ser una solución viable para reducir el uso de recursos naturales en la fabricación de aeronaves y las operaciones aeroportuarias. Entre los principales hallazgos se encuentran innovaciones y desarrollos tecnológicos en nuevos materiales, combustibles, métodos de construcción y mejores prácticas implementadas en los aeropuertos para obtener energía y generar menos residuos. También se ha identificado que aplicar principios de economía circular en este modo de transporte contribuiría a los esfuerzos de sostenibilidad y aumentaría la competitividad de las organizaciones del sector.

Resumen La alta demanda laboral impuesta por la naturaleza del emprendimiento puede resultar abrumadora. Los trabajadores autónomos suelen asumir múltiples roles, desde la gestión financiera hasta las operaciones diarias, en un entorno empresarial no siempre favorable. Esta acumulación de responsabilidades, además de un desafío práctico, impacta de manera significativa la capacidad de los emprendedores para manejar eficazmente el estrés. Desde esta perspectiva, el estudio tiene como objetivo analizar implicaciones de factores internos y externos que influyen en las manifestaciones de estrés de los trabajadores autónomos, fundadores de pequeñas empresas en la provincia Manabí, Ecuador. Utilizando una metodología cuantitativa y aplicando regresión logística, los resultados revelan una significativa afectación en los niveles de estrés de este colectivo, sobre todo, por las deudas adquiridas, las extensas horas laboradas que limitan el ocio y el bienestar familiar y algunos obstáculos de índole externo como el acceso a la financiación, regulaciones aduaneras y comerciales, la competencia, la ausencia de demanda y la incertidumbre económica. Este estudio no solo proporciona una visión profunda de las experiencias de estrés de los trabajadores autónomos, sino que también destaca la necesidad urgente de políticas específicas que aborden estos desafíos y fomenten un entorno empresarial más saludable.

Abstract The high labor demand imposed by the nature of the venture can be overwhelming. Freelancers often take on multiple roles, from financial management to daily operations, in a business environment that is not always favorable. This accumulation of responsibilities, in addition to being a practical challenge, significantly impacts entrepreneurs' ability to effectively manage stress. From this perspective, the study aims to analyze the implications of internal and external factors that influence the manifestations of stress of self-employed workers, founders of small businesses in the province of Manabí, Ecuador. Using a quantitative methodology and applying logistic regression, the results reveal a significant impact on the stress levels of this group, especially due to the debts acquired, the long hours worked that limit leisure and family well-being, and some external obstacles. such as access to financing, customs and trade regulations, competition, lack of demand and economic uncertainty. This study not only provides deep insight into the stress experiences of freelancers, but also highlights the urgent need for targeted policies that address these challenges and foster a healthier business environment.

Abstract This article aims to investigate how new intermediaries of expression - such as online media platforms and social networks - regulate speech, through content moderation and promotion of opinions expressed by users, and how this performance influences the debate on freedom of expression. The jurisprudential analysis methodology is used to define the problem, as well as literature review and data collection, to identify new intermediaries of expression, analyzing their main characteristics, modes of action, online content curation and possibilities of censorship by private actors. The research presents the following results: a) large access platforms and social networks, in practice, control freedom of expression, through prior censorship, collection of personal data and control of information flow; b) there has not yet been an internationally coordinated and effective institutional response, mainly due to the difficulty of transposing local rules to companies with global operations; c) the State takes on the role of central actor to protect, in the digital world, the free circulation of thought, intimacy/privacy, equality, the truth of the content inserted and, consequently, the health of democracy in the 21st century. speech users problem characteristics action actors results a practice flow b response operations c protect world thought intimacyprivacy intimacy privacy intimacy/privacy equality consequently st century

Resumo O presente artigo tem o objetivo de investigar como os novos intermediários da expressão, a exemplo das plataformas de mídia online e das redes sociais, realizam a regulação do discurso, a partir da moderação de conteúdo e impulsionamento de opiniões emitidas pelos usuários, e como essa atuação influencia o debate sobre a liberdade de expressão. Utiliza-se a metodologia análise jurisprudencial, para delimitar o problema, bem como revisão de literatura e levantamento de dados, para identificar os novos intermediários da expressão, com análise suas principais características, modos de atuação, curadoria de conteúdo online e possibilidades de censura por atores privados. A pesquisa apresenta os seguintes resultados: a) as grandes plataformas de acesso e as redes sociais, na prática, controlam a liberdade de expressão, pela censura prévia, coleta de dados pessoais e controle do fluxo informacional; b) ainda não houve resposta institucional internacionalmente coordenada e efetiva, sobretudo em razão da dificuldade de transposição de regras locais a empresas com atuação mundial; c) o Estado passa a ocupar o papel de ator central para proteger, no mundo digital, a livre circulação do pensamento, a intimidade/privacidade, a isonomia, a verdade do conteúdo inserido e, por conseguinte, a higidez da democracia no século XXI. expressão sociais discurso usuários Utilizase Utiliza se jurisprudencial problema características privados resultados prática prévia informacional b efetiva mundial c proteger digital pensamento intimidadeprivacidade intimidade privacidade intimidade/privacidade isonomia conseguinte XXI

ABSTRACT This paper addresses metafiction as a particular fold of baroque fiction. This is the starting point to analyze the metafictional operations of Quixote, by Cervantes, and "Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius", by Borges. The analyzed scenes allow us to talk about degrees of metafiction as well as adverse directions of the folding between fiction and reality. Among the similarities of these stories, the modification of the representation of the past through a priority relationship with writing rather than with reality stands out. Thus, I understand that these stories stage the separation between sign and reality in the modern episteme. In the analysis we will cross the phenomenological terrain of the liquidation of the unity of the narrative voice by the interposition of writing and the weakening of representation. I am also interested in the position of the protagonists facing the problems raised by the inadequacy between sign and reality. While Don Quixote is an anomalous subject who heroically defends imaginary signs, Borges is a regularized subject who resists the advance of archifiction. Finally, I consider the differences between the centripetal metafiction of Cervantes and the centrifugal metafiction of Borges, where the fictional invasion into extratextual reality is specified.

RESUMEN Este artículo conceptualiza la metaficción como un pliegue particular de las ficciones barrocas. Este es el punto de partida para analizar las operaciones metaficcionales del Quijote, de Cervantes, y de “Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius”, de Borges. Las escenas analizadas permiten hablar de grados de metaficción y de direcciones adversas del plegamiento entre ficción y realidad. Se destaca entre las similitudes de estos relatos la modificación de la representación del pasado a través de una relación prioritaria con la escritura antes que con la realidad. Así, entiendo que estos relatos escenifican la separación entre signo y realidad en la episteme moderna. En el análisis cruzaremos al terreno fenomenológico de la liquidación de la unidad de la voz narrativa por la interposición de la escritura y el debilitamiento de la representación. Me intereso igualmente en la posición de los protagonistas frente a los problemas suscitados por la inadecuación entre signo y realidad. Mientras que don Quijote es un sujeto anómalo que defiende heroicamente los signos imaginarios, Borges es un sujeto regularizado que resiste al avance de la archificción. Finalmente, considero las diferencias entre la metaficción centrípeta de Cervantes y la metaficción centrífuga de Borges, donde se concreta la invasión ficcional hacia la realidad extratextual.

Abstract When a building is demolished, its cohesive and planned structure fractures into countless fragments. These heterogeneous and disorganised fragments blur the boundaries between what was once private - the domestic space - and what is now public - the formerly occupied land. In 2019, I stumbled upon a family photograph amidst the rubble left by the demolition of the last towers of the Bairro do Aleixo in Porto. Constructed in the 1970s, this was a public housing estate designed to accommodate families from Ribeira-Barredo who had been displaced due to urban redevelopment. Throughout the years, the five towers have hosted a sizable and fluctuating population that has adapted and made use of this previously unconventional housing model. From 2011 to 2019, Aleixo underwent three demolition operations, politically supported by arguments citing its structural and social deterioration as justification. The first two were striking implosions broadcasted on television, whereas the final demolition, which I witnessed, unfolded as a slow deconstruction spanning several months. In the photograph, the woman dressed in white poses on a balcony of Tower 1 within the old Bairro do Aleixo. In the background stands the phallic skeleton of Tower 4, which would be imploded decades later. Upon its unearthing, the photograph, weathered by time and circumstance, hinted at a conceptual connection with the debris surrounding it. In this article, my focus centres on this found photograph, aiming to unveil the processes and tensions encapsulated within this fragment. I draw on the ontological connections between photography and death, as well as between photography and ruin, to analyse the spectral image of this obliterated site. I delve into what the encounter with this image might reveal about the memory of the neighbourhood, its public image, and the extensive and violent process of displacing its residents. I reach the concept of a "rubble-image" as pivotal in interpreting this nearly vanished imprint that stubbornly affirms the persistence of a dissenting and complex place, supposedly erased from public space and suppressed from urban memory by dominant sensibilities.

Resumo Quando uma edificação é demolida, a sua estrutura, unitária e planeada, é desintegrada em incontáveis fragmentos. Heterogéneos e desordenados, estes fragmentos borram os limites entre o que era privado - o espaço doméstico - e o que é público - o terreno antes ocupado. Em 2019, encontrei uma fotografia familiar entre os escombros da demolição das últimas torres do Bairro do Aleixo, no Porto. Este foi um conjunto de habitação pública construído na década de 1970 para realojar famílias da Ribeira-Barredo, deslocadas por uma reabilitação urbana. Ao longo do tempo, as cinco torres abrigaram uma população numerosa e mutável que se apropriou desse modelo de habitação até então incomum. Entre 2011 e 2019, o Aleixo foi alvo de três operações de demolição, politicamente justificadas por sua degradação estrutural e social. As duas primeiras foram implosões espetaculares e televisionadas, enquanto a última, que presenciei, foi uma lenta desconstrução que durou meses. Na fotografia, uma mulher vestida de branco posa numa varanda da Torre 1 do antigo Bairro do Aleixo. Ao fundo, paira o esqueleto fálico da Torre 4, implodida décadas depois. Quando encontrada, a fotografia, arruinada pelo tempo e pelas circunstâncias, sugeria uma afinidade conceptual com os escombros que a cercavam. Neste artigo, detenho-me sobre essa fotografia encontrada, objetivando desvelar os processos e as tensões armazenadas nesse fragmento. Recorro às relações ontológicas entre fotografia e morte, também entre fotografia e ruína, para analisar a imagem espectral desse sítio obliterado. Desenvolvo o que o encontro com ela pode indicar sobre a memória do bairro, a sua imagem pública, assim como o longo e violento processo de remoção dos seus moradores. Chego à noção de “imagem-escombro” como chave de leitura para esse vestígio quase desaparecido que afirma teimosamente a persistência de um lugar dissidente e complexo, pretensamente apagado do espaço público e suprimido da memória urbana pelas sensibilidades dominantes.

Introduction: Cholesteatoma, although relatively rare, presents significant challenges in clinical practice. Despite decades of research, its cause remains complex and elusive. Objective: This review aimed to summarize key findings on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and surgical management of cholesteatoma, highlighting current knowledge gaps and emerging trends in the field. Method: Narrative review carried out in the PubMed and Scielo databases. The search used the following keywords: “cholesteatoma, petros apex, minimally invasive surgical procedures”. The inclusion criteria comprised review articles, pre-clinical and clinical research published, written in Portuguese and English and available in complete text. The selected articles were analyzed based on the technologies covered, future perspectives, challenges, diseases mentioned and the central idea of the article. Result: 36 articles were included. Conclusion: Cholesteatoma is important in medical practice, despite being relatively uncommon in the general population. However, there are still doubts about its cause, but its diagnosis has been expanded through imaging tests in an attempt to reduce “second-look” operations and avoid them. Another field with constant growth is surgical treatment, since the complex anatomy requires that new techniques be managed to reduce injuries to important and vital structures in the region.

Introdução: O colesteatoma, embora relativamente raro, apresenta desafios significativos na prática clínica. Apesar de décadas de pesquisa, sua causa permanece complexa e evasiva. Objetivo: Esta revisão pretendeu resumir as principais descobertas sobre a epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e manejo cirúrgico do colesteatoma, destacando lacunas de conhecimento atuais e tendências emergentes no campo. Método: Revisão narrativa realizada nas bases PubMed e Scielo. A busca utilizou as seguintes palavras-chave: “colesteatoma, ápice petros, procedimentos cirúrgicos minimamente invasivos” e suas versões ao inglês Os critérios de inclusão compreenderam artigos de revisão, pesquisas pré-clínicas e clínicas publicados, escritos em português e inglês e disponíveis em texto completo. Os artigos selecionados foram analisados com base nas tecnologias abordadas, perspectivas futuras, desafios, doenças referidas e ideia central do artigo. Resultado: Foram incluídos 36 artigos. Conclusão: O colesteatoma tem importância na prática médica, apesar de ser relativamente pouco frequente na população em geral. No entanto, ainda existem dúvidas sobre sua causa, mas seu diagnóstico tem sido ampliado atavés de exames de imagem na tentativa de redução das operações de “segundo-olhar”, evitando-as. Outro campo com crescimento constante é o tratamento cirúrgico, uma vez que a anatomia complexa exige que novas técnicas sejam manejadas para diminuir lesões de estruturas importantes e vitais da região.

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los principales argumentos en torno al concepto de desarrollo sostenible empresarial y describir la influencia que éste ha tenido en las empresas y sus operaciones. Se explica la literatura relevante sobre el desarrollo sostenible, sus desafíos actuales y algunas de las direcciones futuras. La argumentación sugiere que antes de desarrollar campañas verdes en los negocios, todavía hay una serie de cuestiones sin resolver en torno al concepto de desarrollo sostenible. Así mismo, existe una necesidad particular de comprender la motivación real de las empresas para la sostenibilidad. Por ejemplo, a nivel de la industria, el comportamiento de una empresa es un tema complejo de controlar, ya sea a través de parámetros legales preestablecidos o mediante un enfoque voluntario. El interés en las prácticas sostenibles ha creado implicaciones importantes para los gerentes de casi todas las industrias que buscan comprender mejor los argumentos en torno al concepto de desarrollo sostenible y el compromiso que las empresas deben asumir para abordar estos desafíos ambientales. Este artículo contribuye a resaltar los desafíos actuales en torno al concepto de desarrollo sostenible describiendo algunos de los desafíos futuros que enfrentará para brindar una mejor aplicación para las empresas.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the main arguments around the concept of sustainable development as a business perspective and the influence that this concept has brought to firms and their operations. It explains relevant literature on sustainable development describing its foundations, their current challenges and some of the future directions along which the concept can achieve its intended purpose. The arguments suggest that before calling for a massive green campaign in business, there are unresolved issues around the concept of sustainable development, there is a particular need to understand the real motivation of firms for sustainable. For example, at the industry level, a firm’s behavior is a complex issue to control - either through pre-established legal parameters or through a voluntary approach. The interest in sustainable practices has created important implications for managers in almost every industry looking to better understand the arguments around the concept of sustainable development and the commitment that firms should make to address these environmental challenges. Research centered only on economic benefits or only on environmental issues can lead to an incomplete vision of the opportunities for firms that both approaches can generate if they are correctly combined.

RESUMEN La deposición de asfaltenos es un problema que se presenta en las operaciones petroleras afectando a la mayoría de los petróleos, usándose productos inhibidores/dispersantes para su solución. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura científica para analizar productos alternativos evaluados entre 2014-2023, y las características de las investigaciones publicadas. Se utilizó Google Académico y criterios de inclusión y exclusión según la declaración PRISMA, ubicándose en total 24 artículos. Venezuela destaca con la mayor producción de investigaciones, los productos sintéticos fueron más utilizados (líquidos iónicos, resinas y nanopartículas metálicas) y entre los naturales los aceites vegetales. Los métodos de ensayo principales fueron microscopía óptica y absorbancia, los análisis se basaron principalmente en descripción/comparación y se visualizaron 4 aceites vegetales y 5 productos sintéticos con eficiencias mayores a 75 %. Se resalta la necesidad de investigación con productos naturales por ser de más fácil obtención, menos costosos y amigables con el ambiente.

ABSTRACT Asphaltene deposition is a problem that occurs in oil operations, affecting most types of crude oil. Inhibitor/dispersant products are used to address this issue. A systematic review of scientific literature was conducted to analyze alternative products evaluated between 2014 and 2023, as well as the characteristics of the published research. Google Scholar was used along with inclusion and exclusion criteria according to the PRISMA statement, resulting in a total of 24 articles. Venezuela stands out with the highest production of research. Synthetic products were more commonly used (ionic liquids, resins, and metallic nanoparticles), and among natural products, vegetable oils were prominent. The main testing methods were optical microscopy and absorbance. The analyses were primarily based on description/comparison, and four vegetable oils and five synthetic products were found to have efficiencies greater than 75%. The need for research with natural products is highlighted, as they are more easily obtainable, less expensive, and environmentally friendly.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue el desarrollo de una estrategia para el diseño de una planta de producción de resina fenólica (espuma floral) que permita satisfacer la demanda existente en el país, mediante el uso del software de simulación PRO II. Para ello, se identificaron las necesidades de diseño a través de diagramas de bloques (BDF) y de flujo (PFD), teniendo en cuenta las operaciones unitarias involucradas. De igual forma, se presentó un reactor discontinuo diseñado para lograr una alta conversión en la producción de espuma floral, de acuerdo con la reacción para la obtención de espuma floral tipo resol. Para esto, se tomó en cuenta el valor del volumen, además de considerar las condiciones óptimas de operación, incluyendo la presión y la temperatura, a través de un análisis de sensibilidad. Los resultados se verificaron mediante el cálculo de balances de masa y energía, utilizando la demanda de espuma floral, que fue de aproximadamente 143 toneladas anuales, obtenida de la página web del Servicio Nacional de Aduana del Ecuador (Importaciones). Este valor fue empleado para el cálculo de producción diario, y ayudó a evidenciar la validez de la simulación, el valor simulado de 63 4552 kg/día, contra el valor de producción de resina fenólica calculado que fue de 63 3547 kg/día. De esta manera se evidencia en la pertinencia del estudio para incentivar la generación de estudios que beneficien la creación y desarrollo de la industria petroquímica

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to develop a strategy for designing a phenolic resin (floral foam) production plant to meet the existing demand in the country, using the PRO II simulation software. For this purpose, the design needs were identified through block diagrams (BDF) and process flow diagrams (PFD), considering the involved unit operations. Additionally, a batch reactor was presented, designed to achieve high conversion in the production of floral foam, according to the reaction for obtaining resol-type floral foam. For this, the volume value was considered, as well as the optimal operating conditions, including pressure and temperature, through a sensitivity analysis. The results were verified by calculating mass and energy balances, using the demand for floral foam, which was approximately 143 tons annually, obtained from the National Customs Service of Ecuador (Importations) website. This value was used for the calculation of daily production and helped to demonstrate the validity of the simulation. The simulated value was 63 4552 kg/day, compared to the calculated phenolic resin production value of 63 3547 kg/day. This shows the relevance of the study and encourages the generation of research that benefits the creation and development of the petrochemical industry.

Objective: To report our experience, and success rate for head and neck reconstruction in a Chilean oncologic center. Methods: Charts were reviewed retrospectively for all patients treated surgically for head and neck tumors that needed a free flap reconstruction from 2007 to 2020. The demographics and epidemiologic variables were described. Overall survival was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: One hundred and eighty-six operations were performed on 173 patients; the median age was 59 years, and 55% were male. Twenty-nine percent of patients required a surgical rescue. The most frequently used free flaps were the anterolateral thigh, fibula osteocutaneous, and radial forearm. A second free flap was needed in 13 patients. Five-year overall survival for the whole cohort was 44.3% and varied according to histology: 28.2% for squamous cell carcinoma and 68.9% for salivary gland histology. Discussion: In analysis of our results in two seven-year periods (2007-2013 and 2014-2020), the percentage of flaps that failed decreased (10% earlier versus 2.6% later; p =.012); the length of hospital stay declined (median 23 days earlier vs 18 days later; p =.041), and the use of anterolateral thigh flaps increased 14% vs 29%, taking advantage of the versatility of the anterolateral thigh flap for the fabrication of multiple skin palettes, allowing for more complex reconstructions. Conclusion: In our institution, outcomes with free flap reconstruction for head and neck were satisfactory and improved with operator experience.

Resumen Objetivo: eportar nuestra experiencia en la reconstrucción de pacientes con tumores de cabeza y cuello. Materiales y Métodos: Revisión retrospectiva de fichas clínicas de los pacientes sometidos a reconstrucciones con colgajos microquirúrgicos entre los años 2007 y 2020 en la Fundación Arturo López Pérez. Resultados: En este período 186 cirugías fueron realizadas, lo que correspondió a 173 pacientes, la mediana de edad fue de 59 años, 55% eran hombres. 29% correspondieron a rescates quirúrgicos. Al diagnóstico 110 (54%) tenían una enfermedad localmente avanzada (T3-T4). El sitio anatómico más frecuentemente reconstruido fue la cavidad oral, 83(45%). La histología más frecuente fue el carcinoma escamoso. Los colgajos más utilizados fueron el osteocutáneo de peroné, anterolateral de muslo (ALT) y antebraquial. La sobrevida global a 5 años fue 44,3%, con amplia variabilidad entre las distintas histologías. Discusión: En el análisis de nuestros resultados en dos períodos de siete años (2007-2013 y 2014-2020), el porcentaje de falla de colgajo disminuyó (10% versus 2,6%; p = 0,012); al igual que la estadía hospitalaria que disminuyó (de una mediana de 23 días a 18 días; p = 0,041). El uso del colgajo ALT aumentó de 14% a 29%, esto último aprovechando la versatilidad del colgajo de ALT para la fabricación de múltiples paletas cutáneas, que permiten reconstrucciones más complejas. Conclusión: Las reconstrucciones microquirúrgicas en nuestra institución son una opción estandarizada, confiable y comparable con centros internacionales.