Verlorenvlei is a globally important RAMSAR wetland on the arid west coast of South Africa. A prolonged drought between 2016 and 2021 and increasing competition for water from the agricultural sector resulted in extremely low water levels. We used historical aerial and satellite imagery from 1942 and rainfall and water level data for the past 50 years, to assess habitat changes within the estuarine functional zone of the Verlorenvlei Estuarine Lake. Prior to the drought, lake water levels and water surface area remained stable (1113 ± 27 ha (SE)). Since then, there has been a 64% decrease in open water area, exposing 193 ha of sandbanks, of which 190.9 ha were hyper-sulfidic pyrite-rich. The water in the lower lake was hypersaline (>100), and in the middle, it was acidic (pH<3). The low water level plus sediment and nutrient input from surrounding agriculture resulted in a localised increase in reeds. Additional pressures, such as fires, have reduced the above-ground biomass of reeds and sedges, potentially altering surface morphology and reducing stored carbon. Despite flooding and filling up in June 2023, the lake remained in an acidic state (3.9-4.3). Similar low-lake level, hypersaline and acidic conditions are predicted to become more common under future climate change scenarios where aridity and extreme weather events are anticipated. Inflow of fresh water into the estuary and control of farming practices are required to keep the Verlorenvlei in a functional state, with long-term monitoring necessary to assess the ecological condition in response to restoration actions. SIGNIFICANCE: We assessed the habitat changes in Verlorenvlei, an estuarine lake on the arid west coast of South Africa. Estuarine lakes are scarce, and an extended drought greatly reduced the water surface area, exposing hyper-sulfidic pyrite-rich soils, leading to lake acidification and a negative response from biota. Competition for water from agribusiness and the burning of reeds are added pressures. Subsequent heavy rains have been slow to buffer lake acidity, and the impacts thereof serve as a warning for the management of similar ecosystems and their ecological water requirements, especially under climate change where extreme weather conditions, increased aridity and competition for water are realities.

SUMMARY: The study evaluates the ecosystem services associated with the woodland and shrubland located in the Guajira region of Colombia, characterized as Tropical Dry Forest in the serrania Macuira where communities of the Wayuu native tribe are settled. The open shrubland (OS) and dense shrubland (DS) plant covers were evaluated; three sampling points were selected per cover, in which circular plots with an area of 1,000 m2 were drawn, in each plot, an inventory of the tree component was carried out and the main uses by the community were identified. 20 species and 12 botanical families were found. The species with the greatest dominance in the AA was Prosopis juliflora with an importance value index (IVI) of 157.30 % and in the AD Handroanthus billbergii (IVI 116.81 %); the biodiversity indices did not show statistical differences between the vegetation covers. The carbon storage showed significant statistical differences, the DS accumulated 30.75 t C ha-1 and the OS 12.44 t C ha-1. En relation to CO2 emissions, two scenarios were proposed for the period 2021- 2030: the first, deforestation remains at an annual rate of 0.94 % and emissions from deforestation of 3.72 t CO2-eq ha-1are generated in the OS and 9.20 t CO2-eq ha-1 for the DS. In the second scenario, tree covers are conserved and no emissions are generated from deforestation. 17 useful species were found in the community, of which 16 are used as forage and 13 have medicinal and ethnoveterinary value.

RESUMEN: El estudio evalúa los servicios ecosistémicos asociados a los bosques y matorrales ubicados en la región de La Guajira de Colombia, caracterizados como Bosque Seco Tropical en la Serranía Macuira, donde se asientan comunidades de la tribu nativa Wayúu. Se evaluaron las coberturas vegetales Arbustal Abierto (AA) y Arbustal Denso (AD), se seleccionaron tres puntos de muestreo por cobertura, en los que se trazaron parcelas circulares con un área 1.000 m2, en cada parcela se realizó el inventario del componente arbóreo e identificaron los principales usos por la comunidad. Se hallaron 20 especies y 12 familias botánicas. La especie con mayor dominancia en la AA fue Prosopis juliflora con un Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI) de 157,30 % y en la AD Handroanthus billbergii (IVI 116,81 %); los índices de biodiversidad no arrojaron diferencias estadísticas entre las coberturas vegetales. El almacenamiento de carbono mostró diferencias estadísticas significativas, la AD acumuló 30,75 t C ha-1 y la AA 12,44 t C ha-1. En relación con las emisiones de CO2 , se plantearon dos escenarios para el período 2021-2030: en el primero, la deforestación se mantiene a una tasa anual de 0,94 % y se generan emisiones por deforestación de 3,72 t CO2-eq ha-1 en el AA y 9,20 t CO2-eq ha-1 para el AD. En el segundo escenario se conservan las coberturas arbóreas y no se generan emisiones por deforestación. Se encontraron 17 especies útiles en la comunidad, de las cuales 16 son empleadas como forraje y 13 presentan valor medicinal y etnoveterinario.

Abstract Mudanza (2010) is the first book by Verónica Gerber (1981), a book where the author narrates the migration that five artists made from literature to art. In this book we can find a kind of program of the ways in which the author has thought about the transfers between writing and visuality throughout all her work. In Mudanza, the texts open a zone of interval, of indetermination, a kind of no man’s land in the heart of the word and the image, as if the writers turned artists sacrificed the results of that moving-out in order to explore everything that happens in that change of location. Gerber writes with that same ambiguity, composing texts halfway between literature, essay, autobiography, and visual writing. This article investigates the question of what happens when images and words leave themselves, outlining what we could call a figural writing that makes the interval the place of a potency that works against the stereotype and the univocal meaning.

Resumen Mudanza (2010) es el primer libro de Verónica Gerber (1981), un libro donde la autora narra la migración que cinco artistas realizaron desde la literatura al arte. En este libro podemos encontrar una suerte de programa de los modos en que la autora ha pensado los traslados entre escritura y visualidad a lo largo de todo su trabajo. En Mudanza, los textos abren una zona de intervalo, de indeterminación, una suerte de tierra de nadie en el corazón de la palabra y de la imagen, como si las y los escritores devenidos artistas sacrificaran los resultados de esa mudanza para poder explorar todo lo que acontece en ese traslado. Con esa misma ambigüedad escribe Gerber, componiendo textos a medio camino entre la literatura, el ensayo, la autobiografía, la escritura visual. Este artículo indaga en la pregunta por aquello que acontece cuando las imágenes y las palabras salen de sí mismas, perfilando lo que podríamos llamar una escritura figural que hace del intervalo el lugar de una potencia que trabaja en contra del estereotipo y el sentido unívoco.

ABSTRACT The procedure presented was developed with the objective of determining indicators for the evaluation of the initial phase of the basketball free throw, in the 9-10-year-old category. In its preparation, the low percentages of effectiveness in both attempted and scored were taken into account, as well as the deficiencies in execution obtained in the preliminary study, carried out on 120 children from the western zone, with a mastery of only 25% of the biomechanical aspects to be achieved in the teaching process; this constituted one of the main motivations for the preparation of the evaluation procedure. The documentary analysis, observation through structured guides and videography techniques, as well as the interview, made it possible to detect insufficiencies in the evaluation of the execution of the free throw in sports initiation. In the work, the assessment was carried out, through the criteria of specialists and the criteria of users, and leaves open a space to expand actions of a methodological order and of a scientific, technical, physiological, theoretical and psychological nature that serve the development of teachers and coaches. base.

RESUMEN El procedimiento que se presenta se elaboró con el objetivo de determinar indicadores para la evaluación de la fase inicial del tiro libre del baloncesto, en la categoría 9-10 años. En la confección del mismo, se tuvieron en cuenta los bajos porcientos de efectividad tanto en intentados y anotados, como las deficiencias en la ejecución obtenidas en el estudio preliminar, realizado a 120 niños de la zona occidental, con un dominio de solo el 25 % de los aspectos biomecánicos a alcanzar, en el proceso de enseñanza; ello constituyó una de las principales motivaciones para la confección del procedimiento evaluativo. El análisis documental, la observación a través de guías estructuradas y las técnicas de videografía, así como la entrevista, permitieron detectar las insuficiencias en la evaluación de la ejecución del tiro libre en la iniciación deportiva. En el trabajo, se realizó la valoración, mediante criterio de especialistas y criterio de usuarios, y deja abierto un espacio para ampliar acciones de orden metodológico y de carácter científico, técnico, fisiológico, teórico y psicológico que sirvan al desarrollo de los profesores y entrenadores de base.

RESUMO O procedimento apresentado foi elaborado com o objetivo de determinar indicadores para a avaliação da fase inicial do lance livre no basquetebol, na categoria de 9 a 10 anos de idade. Em sua elaboração, foram levados em conta os baixos percentuais de eficácia tanto nos arremessos tentados como nos arremessos marcados, bem como as deficiências na execução obtidas no estudo preliminar, realizado em 120 crianças da zona oeste, com um domínio de apenas 25% dos aspectos biomecânicos a serem alcançados no processo de ensino; isso constituiu uma das principais motivações para a elaboração do procedimento de avaliação. A análise documental, a observação por meio de guias estruturados e técnicas de videografia, bem como a entrevista, permitiram detectar as insuficiências na avaliação da execução do lance livre na iniciação esportiva. No trabalho, a avaliação foi realizada por meio de critérios de especialistas e critérios de usuários, e deixa um espaço aberto para ampliar ações de ordem metodológica e de natureza científica, técnica, fisiológica, teórica e psicológica que sirvam ao desenvolvimento de professores e treinadores de base.

ABSTRACT Certain open access publishers based on the article processing charges model have found it highly profitable to operate within a gray zone that encompasses both legitimate and predatory publishing practices. In this context, maximum profits can be obtained by adequate combinations of journal acceptance rates and elevated article processing charges. Considering that the gray zone can be particularly challenging to identify and that it poses risks for authors aiming to establish academic carreers, we believe it is important to provide a comprehensive description of it.

Resumen La napa freática superficial del Alto Valle causa un ascenso capilar (AC) que en primavera y otoño modifica el balance hídrico del suelo. El objetivo es evaluar el efecto del AC sobre el desempeño del riego superficial durante una tempo-rada de crecimiento en perales Bartlett. Se evaluaron tres momentos de riego, de septiembre a abril (temporada 2020-2021) y se calcularon las láminas de riego para obtener las eficiencias. El nivel freático (NF) se midió mensualmente en un freatímetro. El AC se calculó con el software UPFLOW. El contenido de agua del suelo se midió con sensores de reflectometría de dominio de frecuencia (FDR) a: 0,20 m, 0,40 m y 0,60 m. La eficiencia del uso del agua (EUA) y la productividad del agua (PA) se calcularon utilizando el rendimiento del cultivo, las láminas de riego aplicadas y la demanda de agua del cultivo. El NF fue más superficial en primavera que durante el resto de la temporada. La pro-fundidad media fluctuó entre 0,70-1,20 m a inicio de la primavera. Los datos del sensor FDR más profundo mostraron un aumento de la humedad del suelo debido al AC, que afecta negativamente al desempeño del riego si no se incluye como componente del balance hídrico. Programar el riego considerando la humedad del suelo y el AC permite aplicar láminas de agua según sean necesarias en cada etapa de desarrollo del cultivo. Mejorar el desempeño del riego y la EUA resulta en una estrategia de gestión sostenible del agua en la producción de peras.

Resumo O lençol freático superficial do Vale Superior provoca uma ascensão capilar (AC) que na primavera e no outono modi-fica o equilíbrio hídrico do solo. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito da AC no desempenho da irrigação superficial durante o período vegetativo em peras 'Bartlett'. Foram avaliados três momentos de irrigação, de setembro a abril (safra 2020-2021) e calculadas as folhas de irrigação para obtenção das eficiências. O lençol freático (NF) foi medido mensal-mente em freatímetro. A AC foi calculada com o software UPFLOW. O conteúdo de água no solo foi medido com sen-sores de reflectometria no domínio da frequência (FDR) em: 0,20 m, 0,40 m e 0,60 m. A eficiência do uso da água (EUA) e a produtividade da água (AP) foram calculadas usando o rendimento das culturas, as taxas de irrigação apli-cadas e a demanda de água das culturas. O NF foi mais raso na primavera do que durante o resto da temporada. A profundidade média oscilou entre 0,70-1,20 m no início da primavera. Os dados do sensor FDR mais profundo mos-traram um aumento na umidade do solo devido à AC, o que afeta negativamente o desempenho da irrigação se não for incluído como um componente do balanço hídrico. Programar a irrigação considerando a umidade do solo e a AC permite a aplicação de lâminas de água conforme necessário em cada etapa do desenvolvimento da cultura. A me-lhoria do desempenho da irrigação e da WUE resulta numa estratégia sustentável de gestão da água na produção de peras.

Abstract The shallow water table in Río Negro and Neuquén valley causes a capillary rise (CR) that modifies the water content in soil profile. Therefore, irrigation performance is expected to be affected by the capillary water input into the root zone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CR on surface irrigation performance during 2020-2021 growing season in a pear orchard. In a Bartlett pear orchard planted in 2003, three irrigation moments were evaluated, and irrigation sheets were calculated to obtain efficiency. Water table level (WTL) was measured monthly in an open aquifer piezometer. CR was calculated with the software UPFLOW. Soil water content was measured with a Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) sensor at: 0.20 m, 0.40 m, and 0.60 m. Water use efficiency (WUE) and water productivity were calculated using pear crop yield and the irrigation sheets applied and the crop water demand, respectively. WTL was shallower in spring than in the rest of the season. The mean depth fluctuated between 0.70-1.20 m during spring, affecting irrigation performance. Data of FDR deepest sensor showed an increase of soil moisture due to CR. Capillary contribution negatively affects irrigation efficiency if it is not included in the water balance. Irrigation schedules can be re-arranged considering soil moisture and CR. In this way, the necessary water sheets could be applied in each crop development stage adjusted to water demand. Improving irrigation performance and WUE enables a sustainable water management strategy in pear production.

Abstract Agaves are plants of biocultural importance to Mexicans with a long history of interaction with humans, in addition to being considered key plants in the environments where they grow. Many of their historic uses continue to be relevant, with more than 100 different uses reported, grouped into 22 categories, among which the production of alcoholic beverages is economically important and other uses are on the rise, such as the production of agave syrup. The objective of this study was to describe the production systems of the agaves used for the extraction of sap for the production of agave syrup and to characterize the traditional varieties of agaves that are managed in the state of Hidalgo. The study was performed in five municipalities in the state of Hidalgo, considering a total of 12 localities. At each of the sampling sites, we performed pilot visits and selected eight production systems in which to perform ethnobotanical evaluations through thematic tours and open and semi-structured interviews. In addition, we morphologically characterized the traditional agave varieties and performed genetic analyses using 10 nuclear microsatellites. The production systems recorded were metepantles, Ñu´ta, magueyeras and magueyes en cerca viva or linderos that delimit production spaces. In these productive systems, 28 traditional varieties of pulque agaves were kept, belonging to four agave species. We found that the metepantle production systems in La Gaspareña (Singuilucan, Hidalgo) and Jardín Mayahuel (La Raya de Singuilucan) and the Ñu´ta production systems of Cardonal were the most agrobiodiverse (11, 8 and 9 traditional varieties of pulque agaves, respectively). These regions differ in their preferred varieties, with Manso preferred in the zone of the Altiplanicie Pulquera region and Xaminí preferred in the Mezquital Valley. The genetic diversity ranged from 0.020 to 0.200; these values are within the range reported for other varieties in Hidalgo and Mexico. We concluded that the agrobiodiversity of the agaves used for this activity, together with the diversity in the productive spaces and knowledge of managers make the production of agave syrup in the state of Hidalgo an activity that maintains high biological and cultural diversity.

Resumen: Los agaves son plantas de importancia biocultural para los mexicanos, con una larga historia de interacción con los humanos, además de ser consideradas plantas clave de los ambientes en donde crecen. Actualmente, muchos de sus usos antiguos siguen vigentes, reportándose más de 100 diferentes usos, que se agrupan en 22 categorías, donde las bebidas destiladas son económicamente importantes, existiendo otros usos que cobran auge, como es el jarabe de aguamiel. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los sistemas productivos de los agaves empleados para la extracción de savia o aguamiel para la producción de jarabe de aguamiel, caracterizar de las variedades tradicionales de agaves manejados en el estado de Hidalgo. El estudio se realizó en cinco municipios del estado de Hidalgo, se consideró un total 12 localidades. En cada uno de los sitios de muestreo se realizaron visitas de prospección y se seleccionaron ocho sistemas productivos, en los cuales se realizó la evaluación etnobotánica con recorridos temáticos, entrevistas abiertas y semiestructuradas. Además, se caracterizaron morfológicamente las variedades tradicionales de agaves y se realizaron análisis genéticos con el uso de 10 microsatélites de núcleo. Los sistemas productivos que se registraron fueron los metepantles, los Ñu´ta, las magueyeras y magueyes en cerca viva o linderos que limitan espacios productivos. En estos sistemas productivos se mantienen 28 variedades tradicionales de agaves pulqueros, pertenecientes a cuatro especies de agaves. Se encontró que los sistemas productivos de metepantle en La Gaspareña (Singuilucan, Hidalgo), Jardín de Mayahuel (La Raya de Singuilucan) y los sistemas de producción Ñu´ta del Cardonal fueron los más agrobiodiversos (11, 8 y 9 variedades tradicionales de agaves pulqueros respectivamente). Estas regiones se diferencian por las variedades preferidas, el Manso en la zona de la Altiplanicie Pulquera y Xaminí el Valle del Mezquital. La diversidad genética osciló entre 0.020 a 0.200, estos valores están en el intervalo de lo reportado para otras variedades en el estado de Hidalgo y México. Se concluye que la agrobiodiversidad de los agaves usados en esta actividad, junto con la diversidad que se encuentra en los espacios productivos y los conocimientos de manejadores, hacen de la producción de jarabe de aguamiel en el estado de Hidalgo una actividad que mantiene elevada diversidad biológica y cultural.

SYNOPSIS The fracturing and movement of rock that occurs in the vicinity of a stemmed borehole charge in open pit mining operations are described by examining the effects of the emitted stress waves - shock and elastic - and the expansion of high-pressure detonation product gases. Three principal modes of momentum transfer to fractured rock are identified, all linked to gas expansion work. This work can be delivered radially (burden), axially (stemming), and in the collar zone (cratering). Flyrock is generated under unusual combinations of blast parameters and rock properties. Although infrequent and seldom predictable, the generation of flyrock can nonetheless be interpreted and modelled in terms of the principal mechanisms of rock projection described in this study. The physical processes underlying these principal mechanisms are identified and will permit the development of predictive models for flyrock velocities.

RESUMO Objetivo da Investigação: O objetivo desta pesquisa é demonstrar a importância da realização do planejamento de projetos de reassentamentos humanos para populações em situação de vulnerabilidade social que habitam áreas irregulares. Metodologia: Este trabalho foi dividido nas etapas de Fundamentação Teórica, onde foram abordados os temas: assentamentos humanos informais e áreas de preservação, áreas de risco e ocupações irregulares em Porto Alegre, e foi apresentada a Vila dos Pescadores - objeto de estudo deste trabalho; Estudos de Casos, com análises sobre populações realocadas; e Medidas a serem adotadas para realização dos reassentamentos, com proposta hipotética para Vila dos Pescadores, por fim foram apresentadas as considerações finais. Resultados: Foi possível observar que as principais consequências da falta de planejamento nos projetos de reassentamentos, principalmente no que diz respeito a preocupação com a população residente, ocasiona graves problemas para a comunidade atingida. Originalidade/Valor: Neste trabalho, foi selecionada como objeto de estudo a Vila dos Pescadores, situada na cidade de Porto Alegre, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, um local identificado pelas autoras como área potencial para estudo de reassentamento da população residente. A Vila em questão foi escolhida porque além de encontrar-se em uma Área de Preservação Ambiental - classificada como área de risco -, ela situa-se em um local visado pelo poder público e iniciativa privada, por ser bastante relevante para o desenvolvimento urbano da cidade, pois a realocação dos moradores poderia trazer alguns benefícios urbanos como: a melhoria do fluxo viário, com a duplicação de uma importante via de ligação entre a zona sul e o centro da cidade; e a liberação da área de orla a fim de garantir o livre acesso à população nas faixas de orla, valorizando e preservando os espaços públicos abertos garantindo a manutenção e equilíbrio dos ecossistemas e por consequência melhorar a qualidade de vida da população em geral.

ABSTRACT Research Purpose: The goal of this research is to demonstrate the importance of planning human resettlement projects for populations in social vulnerability that live in irregular areas. Methodology: This work was divided into the stages of Theoretical Foundation, where the themes were addressed: informal human settlements and preservation areas, risk areas and irregular occupations in Porto Alegre, and presented the Vila dos Pescadores - object of study of this work; Case Studies, with analyzes of relocated populations; and Measures to be adopted to carry out the resettlements, with a hypothetical proposal for Vila dos Pescadores, finally, the final considerations were presented. Findings: It was possible to observe that the main consequences of the lack of planning in resettlement projects, especially regarding the concern for the resident population can cause serious problems for the affected community. Originality/Value: In this work, the Vila dos Pescadores neighbourhood, located in the city of Porto Alegre, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil was selected as the object of study, a place identified by the authors as a potential area for studying the resettlement of the resident population. The neighbourhood in question was chosen because, in addition to being located in an Environmental Preservation Area - classified as a risk area -, its location is targeted by public authorities and the private sector as it is very relevant to the urban development of the city because the relocation of its residents could bring some urban benefits, such as: improved road flow, with the duplication of an important connection road between the south zone of the city and the city center; and by freeing this waterfront portion of the area in order to guarantee free access to the population in the waterfront strips, valuing and preserving open public spaces, ensuring the maintenance and balance of ecosystems and consequently improving the quality of life of the population in general.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Caracterizar la avifauna presente en la granja agroecológica Ekonukos de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, como fuente de información para la descripción y desarrollo de futuros modelos de aviturismo, educación ambiental y acciones de conservación en el área de estudio. Materiales y métodos. Se definieron cuatro zonas de acuerdo con su cobertura vegetal o uso del suelo (Zona de edificaciones o habitable-ZE, Bosque secundario BS, Zona de cultivos ZC y Pastizales o zona abierta-Pza). En cada zona se estableció un punto de observación con radio fijo, se realizaron observaciones y se practicaron recorridos mediante transectos lineales. Las especies registradas fueron identificadas y categorizadas por tipo de hábitat (ZE, BS, ZC o Pza), alimentación, frecuencia de registros y estado de amenaza o conservación. Resultados. Se encontraron 84 especies de aves, distribuidas en 18 órdenes, 34 familias y 74 géneros. El orden Passeriformes presentó la mayor riqueza de especies al igual que las familias Tyrannidae y Thraupidae. Del total de especies, 79 corresponden a poblaciones residentes, cuatro a migratorias boreales y una migratoria austral. A demás, la especie Amazona farinosa está en estado de amenaza, en la categoría NT o casi amenazada. Conclusiones. Las especies encontradas constituyen un aporte importante para el conocimiento de la avifauna local e invita a realizar acciones de restauración y manejo de la flora del sitio de estudio, con el fin de generar una mejor conectividad con las áreas cercanas y oferta alimenticia para las especies encontradas.

ABSTRACT Objective. Characterize the avifauna present in the Ekonukos agroecological farm of the Minuto de Dios University Corporation, generating base information for the description and development of future models of avitourism, environmental education and conservation actions in the study area. Materials and methods. Four zones were defined according to their vegetation cover or land use (Building or habitable zone-ZE, Secondary forest BS, ZC cultivation zone and Grasslands or open zone-Pza). In each zone an observation point with a fixed radius was established and observations were made. Additionally, tours were made using linear transects. The registered species were identified and categorized by habitat type (ZE, BS, ZC or Pza), diet, frequency of records, and threat or conservation status. Results. 84 species of birds were found, distributed in 18 orders, 34 families and 74 genera. The order Passeriformes presented the highest species richness, as did the families Tyrannidae and Thraupidae. Of the total species, 79 correspond to resident populations, four to boreal migratory and one southern migratory. On the other hand, regarding the threatened status, the farinosa Amazon species was found to be in the NT or almost threatened category. Conclusions. These results constitute an important contribution to the knowledge of local birds and invite to carry out restoration and management actions of the flora of the study site, in order to generate better connectivity with nearby areas and food supply for the species found.

Abstract The early ontogeny of Triportheus albus and T. angulatus, two fish species of Triportheidae, is described using morphological, meristic, and morphometric characters. These species are exploited by subsistence fisheries and have potential as an alternative source of fish, given the decline in the natural stocks of other commercially important fish species in the Amazon. The specimens were collected in the open water limnetic zone, under of the macrophyte stands, and in subsurface areas near sandbars in the Amazon basin. Intra and interspecific morphometric analyzes were performed to evaluate growth models between species. The combination of color pattern, body morphology, morphometric proportions and myomeres number distinguishes the species from each other and from other congeners. Some morphometric relationships related to head as snout length and eye diameter as well as length from the snout to the origins of anal and length from the snout to the origins of pelvic, related with standard length were different between the two species of Triportheus, reflecting different growth models between them. An identification key for larvae and juveniles of some species of Triportheus from the Eastern Amazon is presented. T angulatus Triportheidae morphological meristic characters zone stands basin pattern morphology congeners pelvic them presented

Resumo A ontogenia inicial de Triportheus albus e T. angulatus, duas espécies de peixes pertencentes a Triportheidae, é descrita usando caracteres morfológicos, merísticos e morfométricos. Essas espécies são exploradas pela pesca de subsistência e têm potencial como fonte alternativa de pescado, dado o declínio nos estoques naturais de outras espécies de peixes comercialmente importantes na Amazônia. Os espécimes foram coletados na zona limnética de águas abertas, sob bancos de macrófitas e em áreas subsuperficiais próximas a bancos de areia na bacia amazônica. Análises morfométricas, intra e interespecíficas, foram realizadas para avaliar modelos de crescimento entre as espécies. A combinação do padrão de coloração, morfologia corporal, proporções morfométricas e número de miômeros distingue as espécies entre si e de outras congêneres. Algumas relações morfométricas relacionadas à cabeça, como comprimento do focinho e diâmetro do olho, assim como o comprimento do focinho à origem da nadadeira anal e o comprimento do focinho à origem da nadadeira pélvica, relacionadas ao comprimento padrão foram diferentes entre as duas espécies de Triportheus, refletindo modelos distintos de crescimento entre elas. Uma chave de identificação para larvas e juvenis de algumas espécies de Triportheus da Amazônia Oriental é apresentada. T angulatus Triportheidae morfológicos morfométricos pescado abertas amazônica interespecíficas coloração corporal congêneres cabeça olho pélvica elas apresentada

Abstract The three-dimensional variability of the subaerial beach is examined for Stanwell Park Beach, New South Wales (NSW), Australia. This embayed environment has previously been studied over long time scales (decades), but not over shorter time scales (days, weeks). Embayed beaches experience rotation events during which opposite accretion and erosion patterns are observed at the extremities of the beach. To analyse this phenomenon, the beach is mapped with 10 Real-Time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS) surveys collected from 10th February 2016 to 14th May 2016. This study aims to examine short-term changes (days, weeks) to the morphology of the subaerial beach of Stanwell Park Beach and any factors that may influence its behaviours. We show that a short-time beach rotation event occurs over one month, caused by a large eastern swell. However, swell with a southern direction generates rip current channels on the subaerial beach face. During this particular event, the amount of sediment transported is lower than during beach rotation events. Furthermore, Stanwell Park Beach has two lagoons that can open to discharge water accumulated in these lagoons. We show that during heavy rainfall, the lagoons open, transporting sediment in surf zone and thus causing erosion. This study provides a clear demonstration of the sensitivity of embayed beaches to short-term variability in wave climate. threedimensional three dimensional NSW, NSW , (NSW) Australia decades, decades (decades) days, days (days weeks. weeks . phenomenon 1 RealTime Real Time RTKGPS RTK GPS (RTK-GPS th 201 shortterm short term behaviours shorttime month However face Furthermore rainfall climate (NSW (decades 20 2

Abstract: Background and Aims: Parasitic plants represent approximately 1% of the world’s angiosperm diversity. The highest richness of parasitic plant species among angiosperms belongs to Orobanchaceae, the only family with three main nutritional stages: autotrophic, hemiparasitic, and holoparasitic. Hemiparasitic genera are the most diverse, unstudied, and sometimes neglected within Orobanchaceae. Pedicularideae, the largest tribe of hemiparasitic taxa in Orobanchaceae, contains several poorly known genera. One of these is Lamourouxia, a genus of 30 species distributed throughout the Americas, but mostly endemic to Mexico. Due to the lack of knowledge about the biogeographic patterns, endemism, and conservation status of Lamourouxia species, the objectives of this study were to estimate their species richness and endemism, determine the areas of endemism in the Americas, and assess their conservation status. Methods: Applying a taxonomic revision of physical and digitized herbaria specimens, citizen science observations, and scientific open access databases, we conducted biogeographic analyses for the whole genus. Moreover, the conservation status of all Lamourouxia species was assessed following the IUCN Red List guidelines. Key results: The highest species richness, highest weighted endemism, and corrected weighted endemism values occurred in southern Mexico. Three areas of endemicity were distributed throughout western Mexico. Four species were classified as Endangered (EN), and three as Critically Endangered (CR) according to the IUCN risk categories. Endemic and rarely recorded Lamourouxia species were mostly distributed in unprotected areas in the Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico. Conclusions: The Mexican Transition Zone is the center of diversification of Lamourouxia, and one third of the genus is endemic to this region. It is strongly encouraged to carry out actions to conserve threatened species of Lamourouxia, which are distributed in the Sierra Madre del Sur, the biogeographic province with the highest number of endemic species in Mexico.

Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: Las plantas parásitas representan aproximadamente 1% de la diversidad mundial de angiospermas. La mayor riqueza de especies de plantas parásitas pertenece a Orobanchaceae, la única familia con tres principales niveles nutricionales: autótrofo, hemiparásito y holoparásito. Los géneros hemiparásitos son los más diversos, desconocidos y olvidados dentro de Orobanchaceae. Pedicularideae, la tribu más grande de taxones hemiparásitos, contiene varios géneros escasamente estudiados. Uno de esos es Lamourouxia, con 30 especies distribuidas en América y mayormente endémicas de México. Debido al vacío de conocimiento de los patrones biogeográficos, endemismo y estado de conservación de sus especies, los objetivos de este estudio fueron estimar la riqueza de especies y endemismo, determinar las áreas de endemismo en América y evaluar su estado de conservación. Métodos: Con la revisión taxonómica de ejemplares de herbario físicos y digitalizados, observaciones de ciencia ciudadana y bases de datos científicas de acceso libre, realizamos análisis biogeográficos para Lamourouxia. También evaluamos el estado de conservación de sus especies siguiendo los lineamientos de la Lista Roja de la UICN. Resultados clave: Los más altos valores de riqueza de especies, endemismo ponderado y endemismo ponderado corregido se encontraron en el sur de México. Tres áreas de endemismo se distribuyen en el occidente de México. Cuatro especies fueron clasificadas en la categoría de riesgo de la UICN “amenazada” y tres como “críticamente amenazada”. Las especies endémicas y raramente registradas de Lamourouxia se encuentran distribuidas principalmente en áreas sin protección de la Sierra Madre del Sur, México. Conclusiones: La Zona Mexicana de Transición es el centro de diversificación de Lamourouxia y un tercio del género es endémico de esta región. Se recomienda implementar acciones para conservar las especies amenazadas de Lamourouxia que se distribuyen en la Sierra Madre del Sur, la provincia biogeográfica con el mayor número de especies endémicas de México.

Abstract Background: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) associated with milia lesions has been increasingly reported, but its prevalence has not been reported in a Brazilian BP population yet. Objectives: To describe the occurrence and clinical-laboratorial findings of BP-milia association in a southeastern Brazilian sample. Methods: A descriptive study based on the medical charts of 102 BP patients was accomplished. Clinical and laboratory data of BP-milia patients were compiled. Total serum IgE measurements, immunoblot assays based on basement membrane zone antigens, and HLA-DQ alleles typing were performed. Results: Milia was evident in 8 (7.8%) BP patients, five males, aged between 46 and 88 years. Increased total IgE levels were determined in 7 (87.5%) of the eight patients. In five of eight patients, immunoblotting showed IgG reactivity against the BP180-NC16a domain but not against collagen VII or laminin-332; it also revealed reactivity against the BP180 C-terminal domain or LAD-1, or both in four of them. The HLA-DQB1*03:01 and HLA-DQA1*05:05 alleles were identified in three of five BP-milia patients. Moreover, three of five cases presented the HLA-DQB1*06 allelic group. Study limitations: HLA determination was performed in five patients. Conclusions: Milia formation in BP patients seems to be less uncommon than previously admitted. Laboratory data revealed increased IgE; autoantibodies against the BP180 C-terminal domain or LAD-1, or both; and the HLA-DQB1*06 allelic group, described for the BP-milia association. Careful determination of antibodies against basement membrane zone molecules and HLA characterization in different populations may provide further insights into this association. © 2022 Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Abstract: The present work is committed to overcoming that formalist view of international historiography that closes the history of the port of Cobija (former Bolivian port) in the triennium of 1877 and 1879. We present the background to affirm that the port was not completely erased in that triennium, especially marked by earthquake, tidal wave and war. It is shown that the definitive decline of Cobija has to do with the emergence of the Gatico mineral (10 kilometers north of Cobija), a mineral that was industrialized in 1905, generating a territorial transformation in economic, demographic and political terms. The other process that we want to analyze refers to the coup de grace that Cobija received in 1913 through a nationalist community agency in Tocopilla that prevented the resurgence of the port through a project related to Chuquicamata and the Guggenheim family of New York, which sought revitalize the deteriorating port. In addition, we are committed to understanding the territory of Cobija and its adjacency zone as a territory defined by open traffic and population mobility, which in practice meant a demographic dispersion in very close mines, which also leads us to reconsider and reflect on the ways of accounting for the population in what was the commune of Cobija.

Resumen: El presente trabajo apuesta por superar aquella mirada formalista de la historiografía internacional que cierra la historia del puerto de Cobija (ex puerto boliviano) en el trienio de 1877 y 1879. Exponemos los antecedentes para afirmar que el puerto no fue completamente borrado en aquel trienio, especialmente marcado por el terremoto, maremoto y guerra. Se demuestra que la decadencia definitiva de Cobija tiene que ver con el surgimiento del mineral de Gatico (10 kilómetros al norte de Cobija), mineral que se industrializa en 1905, generando una transformación territorial en términos económicos, demográficos y políticos. El otro proceso que queremos analizar remite al golpe de gracia que recibió Cobija en 1913 a través de una agencia comunitaria nacionalista en Tocopilla que evitó el resurgimiento del puerto a través de un proyecto relacionado con Chuquicamata y la familia Guggenheim de Nueva York, el cual buscaba revitalizar al desmejorado puerto. Además, apostamos por comprender el territorio de Cobija y su zona de adyacencia como un territorio definido por el tránsito abierto y de movilidad poblacional, que en la práctica significó una dispersión demográfica en minas muy cercanas, lo que también nos lleva a reconsiderar y reflexionar sobre los modos de contabilización de la población en lo que fue la comuna de Cobija.