The sixth IPCC report states that a proper conception of climate justice that can address the complexity of the phenomenon of anthropogenic climate change as a whole requires considering not only one but rather three dimensions of justice today: redistributive, procedural, and recognition dimensions. In this article, my focus is on exploring the latter dimension, drawing special attention to climate policies addressing cultural-identity issues. In the first section, I illustrate how climate policies can be connected to discriminatory practices against minority cultures and their identities. To do so, I take the struggles of Black movements against environmental racism and the struggles of Indigenous peoples against a colonialist cultural heritage as case studies. In the second section, I look into the most advanced normative model to address the dimension of recognition, its advantages, and how it addresses the so-called ‘institutionalization of cultural patterns’ in climate policies: the Nancy Fraser model. Finally, in the third section, I investigate an aspect that remains open. It concerns the matter of how to use institutional authority to ‘deinstitutionalize’ non-ecological cultural patterns, while respecting pluralism and avoiding falling into the risks of institutional paternalism. today redistributive procedural article culturalidentity identity issues section identities so studies advantages socalled called institutionalization patterns Finally open ‘deinstitutionalize deinstitutionalize nonecological non ecological paternalism

Abstract Introduction: The Wood Thrush is a migratory bird that has experienced dramatic declines in its populations in recent decades. This species overwinters in forest fragments with intermediate levels of habitat modification in Central America. However, more studies detailing the use of remnant forests through time are needed to elucidate the threats this species faces in the wintering grounds. Objective: To understand the effects of environmental and forest structure variables on the occupancy of Wood Thrush in Northern Costa Rica. Methods: The study area was the Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), located in Northern Costa Rica, in December 2016, and during the 2018-2019 migration season. We estimated Wood Thrush occupancy and detection probability in four locations of ACG (dry forest, cloud forest, and two locations in the wet forest) using single-season occupancy models. We also estimated Wood Thrush occupancy and probability of persistence in different months in three vegetation types (open area, secondary forest, and old-growth forest) in the wet forest of ACG using a multi-season occupancy model approach. Results: Wood Thrush occupancy was best described by precipitation in the four locations of the ACG; the probability of occupancy increased with precipitation. The average occupancy of Wood Thrushes varied with vegetation type: open area with shrubs and forest edge (0.69 ± 0.09), secondary forest (0.46 ± 0.1), and old-growth forest (0.61 ± 0.1). Wood Thrush probability of persistence responded partially to changes in precipitation, with an unexpected increase in persistence when the rainfall continued decreasing in the season. Conclusion: Wood Thrush occupancy was best predicted by changes in precipitation considering a larger spatial scale. Its probability of persistence partially varied with precipitation. An increase in persistence closer to Spring migration might be explained by the start of the breeding season of resident birds, potentially reducing territorial conflicts and conserving energy before migration. The long-term protection of wet forests in Northern Costa Rica is of paramount importance for the conservation of Wood Thrushes in their wintering grounds.

Resumen Introducción: El Zorzal del Bosque es un ave migratoria que ha experimentado caídas dramáticas en sus poblaciones en las últimas décadas. Esta especie pasa el invierno en fragmentos de bosque con niveles intermedios de modificación de hábitat en Centroamérica. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios que detallen el uso de los bosques remanentes a lo largo del tiempo para dilucidar las amenazas que enfrenta esta especie en las zonas de invernada. Objetivo: Comprender los efectos de variables ambientales y de estructura del bosque en la ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque en el Norte de Costa Rica. Métodos: El área de estudio fue el Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), ubicada en el Norte de Costa Rica, en diciembre de 2016, y en la temporada migratoria 2018-2019. Estimamos la ocurrencia y la probabilidad de detección del Zorzal del Bosque en cuatro ubicaciones de ACG (bosque seco, bosque nuboso y dos ubicaciones en el bosque húmedo) utilizando modelos de ocurrencia de una sola temporada. También estimamos la ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque y la probabilidad de persistencia en diferentes meses en tres tipos de vegetación (área abierta, bosque secundario y bosque primario) en el bosque húmedo de ACG utilizando un enfoque de modelo de ocurrencia multi-estacional. Resultados: La ocurrencia del Zorzal del Bosque estuvo mejor descrita por la precipitación en las cuatro localidades del ACG; la probabilidad de ocurrencia aumentó con las precipitaciones. La ocurrencia media de zorzales varió con el tipo de vegetación: área abierta con arbustos y borde de bosque (0.69 ± 0.09), bosque secundario (0.46 ± 0.1) y bosque primario (0.61 ± 0.1). La probabilidad de persistencia del zorzal respondió parcialmente a cambios en la precipitación, con un aumento inesperado en la persistencia cuando las precipitaciones continuaron disminuyendo en la temporada. Conclusión: La ocurrecia del Zorzal del Bosque varió con la precipitación considerando una escala espacial mayor. Su probabilidad de persistencia varió parcialmente con la precipitación. Un aumento en la persistencia más cerca de la migración de primavera podría explicarse por el inicio de la temporada de reproducción de las aves residentes, lo que podría reducir los conflictos territoriales y conservar energía antes de la migración. La protección a largo plazo de los bosques húmedos en el norte de Costa Rica es de suma importancia para la conservación de los Zorzales del Bosque en sus zonas de invernada.

ABSTRACT Introduction Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is the most common urogenital fistula due to iatrogenic cause, primarily associated with gynecologic surgery (1). Although both conservative and surgical management may be considered, the optimal treatment is still uncertain and several studies were published using different techniques (open, laparoscopic or robotic) and approaches (extravesical, transvesical or transvaginal) (2–5). In this context, we aim to report our initial experience repairing VVF with Single-Port (SP) Transvesical (TV) access. Materials and Methods Four patients with a diagnosis of VVF underwent SP-TV VVF repair between May 2022 and December 2023. Diagnosis was confirmed by cystoscopy, cystogram and in two cases by CT Urogram. Under general anesthesia, before robotic time, patients were placed in lithotomy position and a preliminary cystoscopy was performed. Fistula was noted and a 5fr stent was placed through the fistulous tract. Two ureteral stents were placed. Then, with patient supine, a transverse suprapubic 3cm incision and 2cm cystotomy were made for SP access. First step was to mark and remove fistula tract to the vagina. The edges of the vagina and bladder were dissected in order to have a closure free of tension and to create three different layers to close: vagina, muscularis layer of the bladder and mucosal layer of the bladder. A bladder catheter was placed, and the two ureteral stents were removed at the end of procedure. Results Mean age was 53 years old and three out of 4 patients developed VVF after gynecologic surgery. Two patients underwent VVF repair 6 and 8 months after total hysterectomy. One patient developed VVF after total hysterectomy and oophorectomy followed by radiation therapy. Last patient developed VVF after previous urological procedure. Fistula diameter was between 11 and 15mm. Operative time was 211 min, including preliminary cystoscopy, stents placement and SP-access. All patients were discharged on the same day with a bladder catheter, successfully removed between post-operative day 14-18 after negative cystogram. Only in one case a ureteral stent was left because the fistula was closed to the ureteral orifice and we reported one case of UTI twelve days after surgery, treated with outpatient antibiotics. Mean follow-up was 8 months, patients were scheduled for regular follow-up visits and no recurrence was reported. All patients have at least 3 months of post-operative follow-up. Conclusions Our experience suggests that SP Transvesical VVF repair may be considered as a safe and feasible minimally invasive treatment for small/medium fistulae (10-15mm). (VVF cause 1. 1 . (1) open, open (open extravesical, extravesical (extravesical transvaginal 2–5. 25 2–5 2 5 (2–5) context SinglePort Single Port (SP TV (TV access SPTV 202 2023 Urogram anesthesia performed fr Then supine cm close procedure therapy 15mm mm 21 min SPaccess. SPaccess SP-access postoperative post operative 1418 14 18 14-1 antibiotics followup follow up followup. up. smallmedium small medium 1015mm. 1015mm 10 (10-15mm) (1 2– (2–5 20 141 14- (10-15mm ( (2– (2

ABSTRACT Background and Objective Salvage robot assisted radical prostatectomy (sRARP) is performed for patients with biochemical or biopsy proven, localized prostate cancer recurrences after radiation or ablative therapies. Traditionally, sRARP has been avoided by lower volume surgeons due to technical demand and high complication rates. Post-radiation sRARP outcomes studies exist but remain few in number. With increasing use of whole gland and focal ablative therapies, updates on sRARP in this setting are needed. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of recently reviewed studies on the oncologic outcomes, functional outcomes, and complications after post-radiation and post-ablative sRARP. Tips and tricks are provided to guide surgeons who may perform sRARP. Materials and Methods We performed a non-systematic literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE for the most relevant articles pertaining to the outlined topics from 2010-2022 without limitation on study design. Only case reports, editorial comments, letters, and manuscripts in non-English languages were excluded. Key Content and Findings Salvage robotic radical prostatectomy is performed in cases of biochemical recurrence after radiation or ablative therapies. Oncologic outcomes after sRARP are worse compared to primary surgery (pRARP) though improvements have been made with the robotic approach when compared to open salvage prostatectomy. Higher pre-sRARP PSA levels and more advanced pathologic stage portend worse oncologic outcomes. Patients meeting low-risk, EAU-biochemical recurrence criteria have improved oncologic outcomes compared to those with high-risk BCR. While complication rates in sRARP are higher compared to pRARP, Retzius sparing approaches may reduce complication rates, particularly rectal injuries. In comparison to the traditional open approach, sRARP is associated with a lower rate of bladder neck contracture. In terms of functional outcomes, potency rates after sRARP are poor and continence rates are low, though Retzius sparing approaches demonstrate acceptable recovery of urinary continence by 1 year, post-operatively. Conclusions Advances in the robotic platform and improvement in robotic experience have resulted in acceptable complication rates after sRARP. However, oncologic and functional outcomes after sRARP in both the post-radiation and post-ablation settings are worse compared to pRARP. Thus, when engaging in shared decision making with patients regarding the initial management of localized prostate cancer, patients should be educated regarding oncologic and functional outcomes and complications in the case of biochemically recurrent prostate cancer that may require sRARP. (sRARP proven therapies Traditionally Postradiation Post number needed postradiation post postablative nonsystematic non systematic 20102022 2010 2022 2010-202 design reports comments letters nonEnglish English excluded pRARP (pRARP presRARP pre lowrisk, lowrisk low risk, risk low-risk EAUbiochemical EAU highrisk BCR injuries contracture year postoperatively. postoperatively operatively. operatively post-operatively However postablation ablation Thus 2010202 201 202 2010-20 201020 20 2010-2 20102 2 2010-

Abstract Background Skin modification through tattoos is as old as humanity itself. However, this trend is on the rise, and with the use of different types of pigments and application practices, both cutaneous and systemic complications can arise. Adverse reactions can be grouped into five classes: inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, aesthetic, and miscellaneous. On histopathology, inflammatory reactions can exhibit a lichenoid pattern or present as spongiotic dermatitis, granulomatous reactions, pseudolymphoma, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, or scleroderma/morphea-like changes. This article reviews tattoo complications, including their clinical and histopathological characteristics. Methods An open search was conducted on PubMed using the terms “tattoo”, “complications”, and “skin”. No limits were set for period, language, or publication type of the articles. Results Reactions to tattoos are reported in up to 67% of people who get tattooed, with papulonodular and granulomatous reactions being the most common. Some neoplastic complications have been described, but their causality is still debated. Any pigment can cause adverse reactions, although red ink is more frequently associated with them. Patients with pre-existing dermatoses may experience exacerbation or complications of their diseases when getting tattoos; therefore, this procedure is not recommended for this patient group. Conclusions Dermatological consultation is recommended before getting a tattoo, as well as a histopathological examination in case of complications. In patients who develop cutaneous inflammatory reactions following tattooing, additional studies are recommended to investigate systemic diseases such as sarcoidosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, atopic dermatitis, and neoplasms. It is important for physicians to be trained in providing appropriate care in case of complications. itself However rise practices arise classes infectious aesthetic miscellaneous histopathology dermatitis pseudolymphoma hyperplasia scleroderma/morphealike sclerodermamorphealike scleroderma/morphea like scleroderma morphea changes characteristics , “tattoo” “complications” skin. skin . “skin” period language articles 67 tattooed common described debated them preexisting pre existing therefore group tattooing sarcoidosis gangrenosum neoplasms morphealike sclerodermamorphea “tattoo “complications “skin 6

La amistad en el trabajo ha demostrado ser un recurso social importante, que desempeña un papel central en la vida de los trabajadores y contribuye a la promoción de entornos laborales más saludables. Por lo tanto, aún queda una brecha abierta respecto de una mejor delimitación del alcance de la investigación sobre la amistad, identificando los beneficios y desafíos. Así, el objetivo del estudio es identificar los beneficios y desafíos de la amistad en el lugar de trabajo a partir de la producción científica internacional, presentando un panorama actual de la investigación. A través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se realizó una encuesta en la base de datos Web of Science, la cual arrojó 36 artículos que conforman el corpus textual de esta revisión. Los resultados revelaron cómo el tema ha evolucionado en los últimos cinco años, permitiendo identificar los principales beneficios y desafíos de la amistad para las organizaciones. Esta revisión presenta un esfuerzo seminal en el análisis del campo de los estudios de la amistad, identificando los itinerarios, beneficios y desafíos, así como un mapeo del campo que impulsó la construcción de una agenda a través de las brechas encontradas. También se espera que los resultados aquí recogidos sirvan de diagnóstico a los directivos para promover una gestión más humanizadas, basada en vínculos de confianza y amistad. importante saludables tanto Así internacional literatura Science 3 años organizaciones itinerarios encontradas humanizadas

RESUMO A amizade no trabalho tem se revelado um importante recurso social, representando um papel central na vida dos trabalhadores e que contribui para a promoção de ambientes laborais mais saudáveis. Com isso, uma lacuna referente à delimitação do escopo de pesquisa da amizade ainda está aberta. Assim, o objetivo do estudo consiste em identificar os benefícios e desafios da amizade no ambiente de trabalho com base na produção científica internacional, apresentando um panorama atual de pesquisas. Por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, foi realizado um levantamento na base Web of Science, a qual retornou 36 artigos que compõem o corpus textual desta revisão. Os resultados revelaram como a temática evoluiu no decorrer dos últimos cinco anos, possibilitando identificar os principais benefícios e desafios da amizade para as organizações. Esta revisão apresenta um esforço seminal ao analisar o campo de estudos da amizade, em que identifica itinerários, benefícios e desafios, assim como faz um mapeamento do campo que impulsionou a construção de uma agenda por meio das lacunas encontradas. Espera-se, ainda, que os resultados aqui coligidos sirvam como um diagnóstico para que seja promovida uma gestão mais humanizada, pautada em laços de confiança e amizade. social saudáveis isso aberta Assim internacional pesquisas literatura Science 3 anos organizações itinerários encontradas Esperase, Esperase Espera se, Espera-se humanizada

Friendship at work has proven to be an important social resource, playing a central role in the lives of workers and contributing to the promotion of healthier working environments. Therefore, a gap is still open regarding a better delimitation of the scope of friendship research, identifying the benefits and challenges. Thus, the objective of the study is to identify the benefits and challenges of friendship in the workplace based on international scientific production, presenting a current research panorama. Through a systematic review of the literature, a survey was carried out on the Web of Science database, which returned 36 articles that make up the textual corpus of this review. The results revealed how the theme has evolved over the last five years, making it possible to identify the main benefits and challenges of friendship for organizations. This review presents a seminal effort in analyzing the field of friendship studies, identifying the itineraries, benefits and challenges, as well as a mapping of the field that boosted the construction of an agenda through the gaps found. It is also expected that the results collected here will serve as a diagnosis for managers to promote more humanized management, based on bonds of trust and friendship. resource environments Therefore Thus production panorama literature database 3 years organizations studies itineraries found management

ABSTRACT Professionals in careers related to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are among the most in demand worldwide, but various media and studies have reported that the demand for them far exceeds the current supply. Paraguay does not escape this reality, so this paper seeks to analyze the academic offer of this type of career and the number of graduates who graduate from them through the quantitative analysis of open data provided by the Ministry of Education and Sciences. For this purpose, the Excel tool was used, importing the source data in csv format and using mainly dynamic tables and some functions described in the work. It is observed that both the academic offer and the percentage of graduates of the total are very low, in both cases not exceeding 2% of the total, data that coincides with the few previous studies on the subject. However, some aspects that affect this result are mentioned in the work, specifically referring to the cleaning and standardization of the data used for the study.

RESUMEN Los profesionales de las carreras relacionadas a las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) son de los más demandados a nivel mundial, pero varios medios y estudios han informado que la demanda de estos supera por mucho la oferta actual. Paraguay no escapa de esta realidad por lo que el presente trabajo busca analizar la oferta académica de este tipo de carreras y la cantidad de egresados que se titulan en las mismas a través del análisis cuantitativo de los datos abiertos provistos por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencias. Para el efecto se utilizó la herramienta Excel importando los datos de origen en formato csv y utilizando principalmente tablas dinámicas y algunas funciones descriptas en el trabajo. Se observa que tanto la oferta académica como el porcentaje de egresados del total son muy bajos no superando en ambos casos el 2% del total, dato que coincide con los pocos estudios anteriores sobre el tema. No obstante, se mencionan en el trabajo algunos aspectos que inciden en este resultado, referidos específicamente a la limpieza y estandarización de los datos utilizados para el estudio.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The superiority of the functional results of robot-assisted radical prostatectomyis still controversial. Despite this, it is known that minimally invasive surgery obtains better results when analyzing blood loss, blood transfusion and length of stay, for example. Several studies have analyzed the impact of the resident physician's involvement on the results of urological surgeries. The simple learning curve for robot-assisted radical prostate surgery is estimated to be around 10 to 12 cases. Learning curve data for robotic surgeons is heterogeneous, making it difficult to analyze. Rare studies compare the results of a radical prostatectomy of an inexperienced surgeon starting his training in open surgery, with the results of the same surgeon, a few years later, starting training in robotic surgery. Objective: to analyze the results of open radical prostatectomy surgeries (ORP) performed by urology residents, comparing them to the results of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), performed by these same surgeons, after completing their training in urology. Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis of the cases of only 3 surgeons was performed. 50 patients underwent ORP (group A). The surgeons who operated on the ORP patients were in the 3rd and final year of the urology residency program and beginners in ORP surgery, but with at least 4 years of experience in open surgery. The same surgeons, already trained urologists, began their training in robotic surgery and performed 56 RARP surgeries (group B). For the comparative analysis, data were collected on age, number of lymph nodes removed, surgery time, hospitalization time, drain volume, drain permanence time, indwelling bladdercateter (IBC) permanence time, positive surgical margin, biochemical recurrence, risk classification (ISUP), intra and postoperative complications, urinary incontinence (UI) and erectile dysfunction (ED). The console used was the Da Vinci Si, from Intuitive®. For statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test verified that the data did not follow normality, the Levene test guaranteed homogeneity, and the Mann-Whitney test performed the comparative analysis of the quantitative data. For the analysis of qualitative data, the Chi-square test was used for nominal variables and the Mann-Whitney U test for ordinal variables. Additionally, the Friedman test analyzed whether there was an improvement in the perception of UI or ED over the months, for each group individually (without comparing them), and the post-hoc Durbin-Conover test, for the results with statistically significant difference. We used a p-value < 0.05, and the Jamovi® program (Version 2.0). Results: there was no statistically significant difference between the groups for age, number of lymph nodes removed, positive surgical margin, biochemical recurrence, risk classification and urinary incontinence. Additionally, we observed that the surgical time was longer in group B. On the other hand, the length of stay, drain volume, drain time, IBC time, complication rate and levels of erectile dysfunction in the third and sixth months were higher in group A, when compared to group B. We also observed that there was no evolutionary improvement in ED over the months in both groups, and that there was a perception of improvement in UI from the 1st to the 3rd month in group A, and from the 1st to the 6th month, and from the 3rd to the 12th month, in group B. Conclusion: the learning curve of RARP is equivalent to the curve of ORP. In general, the results for the robotic group were better, however, the functional results were similar between the groups, with a slight tendency of advantage for the robotic arm. Introduction robotassisted robot assisted controversial this loss stay example physicians physician s 1 heterogeneous later Objective (ORP residents RARP, , (RARP) methods 5 A. A . A) rd urologists B B) age removed volume (IBC margin recurrence ISUP, ISUP (ISUP) complications (UI ED. (ED) Si Intuitive Intuitive® ShapiroWilk Shapiro Wilk normality homogeneity MannWhitney Mann Whitney Chisquare Chi square Additionally without them, them) posthoc post hoc DurbinConover Durbin Conover pvalue p value 005 0 05 0.05 Jamovi Version 2.0. 20 2.0 2 2.0) Results hand st th Conclusion general however arm (RARP (ISUP (ED 00 0.0 2. 0.

Resumen El interés por los estudios de la oralidad en la Universidad Nacional de Jujuy fue impulsado por la generación de redes de relaciones con otros investigadores del país y de Latinoamérica. Este artículo se propone presentar una panorámica de los estudios de la oralidad realizados en y desde la provincia de Jujuy, Argentina; comentar las principales líneas de trabajo desarrolladas y dar cuenta de la tarea de Raúl Dorra como agente religador a partir de los cursos impartidos en Jujuy. Se concluye que es sustancial el diálogo epistémico en red como instrumento para fortalecer y afianzar el conocimiento sobre este huidizo objeto de estudio. Además, los aportes realizados por R. Dorra y otros investigadores e investigadoras de Jujuy abren un campo especulativo sustancial y de gran vigencia. La originalidad de esta propuesta reside en que hasta el momento no se encuentran estudios sobre los vínculos intelectuales ni el registro de temas abordados en este campo de estudio específico, desde y hacia el Noroeste Argentino.

Abstract The interest in studies of orality at the Universidad Nacional de Jujuy was driven by the generation of networks of relationships with other researchers in the country and Latin America. This article aims to do an overview of the studies of orality carried out in and from the province of Jujuy, Argentina; comment on the main lines of work developed and give an account of Raúl Dorra's task as an agent from the courses taught in Jujuy. It is concluded that the epistemic dialogue in the network is substantial as an instrument to strengthen and secure knowledge about this elusive object of study. In addition, the contributions made by R. Dorra and other researchers from Jujuy open up a substantial and highly valid speculative field. The originality of this proposal lies in the fact that until now there were no studies on intellectual links or record of topics addressed in this specific field of study, from or about the Argentine Northwest.

Résumé L'intérêt pour les études sur l'oralité à l'Université nationale de Jujuy a été stimulé par la création de réseaux de relations avec d'autres chercheurs en Argentine et dans d’autres pays en Amérique latine. Cet article vise à donner un aperçu des études sur l'oralité menées dans et depuis la province de Jujuy, en Argentine, à commenter les principales lignes de travail développées et à rendre compte du travail de Raul Dorra en tant qu'agent religieux sur la base des cours dispensés à Jujuy. Il en résulte que le dialogue épistémique au sein d'un réseau est un instrument important pour renforcer et consolider les connaissances sur cet objet d'étude insaisissable. En outre, les contributions de R. Dorra et d'autres chercheurs de Jujuy ouvrent un champ de spéculation substantiel et très pertinent. L'originalité de cette proposition réside dans le fait que, jusqu'à présent, il n'y a pas eu d'études sur les liens intellectuels ou l'enregistrement des thèmes abordés dans ce domaine d'étude spécifique, depuis et vers le nord-ouest de l'Argentine.

Resumen El artículo aborda la relación sino-latinoamericana desde la perspectiva del constructivismo, desafiando los enfoques materialistas que han predominado en los estudios sobre este tema. El constructivismo busca explorar aspectos que han sido subestimados por los discursos materialistas y abrir nuevas dimensiones de análisis en las relaciones internacionales entre China y América Latina. Tradicionalmente, la visión de las relaciones exteriores se ha centrado en categorías históricas y teorías como el liberalismo neoliberalismo y la teoría de la dependencia. Sin embargo, el constructivismo busca comprender una nueva cultura internacional que trascienda lo material, incorporando aspectos culturales e ideacionales. En este contexto, se analizan las identidades estatales de China y los países latinoamericanos como punto de partida para estudiar sus relaciones internacionales. Se reconoce que las percepciones compartidas, las normas y las narrativas culturales son fundamentales en la construcción de la identidad de los estados y en la formulación de sus políticas exteriores. Se explora la correspondencia cultural entre el Estado chino y América Latina mediante el análisis de las “estructuras culturales” propuestas por Wendt en el sistema internacional: las culturas hobbesiana, lockeana y kantiana. Esta exploración permite comprender las lógicas culturales actuales entre los actores en el sistema internacional. Es crucial destacar la influencia de los Estados Unidos en el sistema internacional y en su relación con China y los países de América Latina. Este enfoque resalta las complejidades y contrastes en las relaciones sino-estadounidenses y latino-estadounidenses, enmarcándolas dentro de la dinámica de la lógica lockeana que caracteriza la estructura global del sistema internacional. La comprensión de las dimensiones culturales e ideacionales en estas interacciones internacionales ofrece una visión más completa de las relaciones y contribuye a una mayor comprensión de cómo estas dinámicas culturales moldean la identidad de los Estados y sus decisiones en el sistema internacional. El constructivismo emerge como un marco teórico valioso para enriquecer el análisis de las relaciones internacionales y abrir nuevas perspectivas en el estudio de las interacciones entre China y América Latina.

Abstract In this critical analysis, the Sino-Latin American relationship is approached from the constructivist perspective, challenging the materialistic approaches that have predominated in studies on this topic. Constructivism seeks to explore aspects underestimated by materialistic discourses and open new dimensions of analysis in the international relations between China and Latin America. Traditionally, the focus of foreign relations has been on historical categories and theories such as neoliberalism and dependency theory. However, constructivism aims to understand a new international culture that transcends the material, incorporating cultural and ideational aspects. In this context, the article centers on the state identities of China and Latin American countries as a starting point for analyzing their international relations. It acknowledges that shared perceptions, norms, and cultural narratives are crucial in shaping states’ identities and formulating their foreign policies. The cultural correspondence between the Chinese state and Latin America is explored through the analysis of Wendt’s “cultural structures” in the international system: the Hobbesian, Lockean, and Kantian cultures. This exploration allows an understanding of the current cultural logic among actors in the international system. It is crucial to highlight the United States’ influence in the international system and its relationship with China and Latin American countries. This approach emphasizes the complexities and contrasts in Sino-American and Latin American United States relations, framing them within the dynamics of the Lockean logic that characterizes the global structure of the international system. Understanding the cultural and ideational dimensions of these international interactions provides a more comprehensive view of relationships and contributes to a deeper understanding of how these cultural dynamics shape states’ identities and decisions in the international system. Constructivism emerges as a valuable theoretical framework to enrich the analysis of international relations and open new perspectives in the study of interactions between China and Latin America.

BACKGROUND. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the weakness of relying on in-person tuition in higher education. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have been a successful addition to higher education. In this study, educators had to replace a planned elective in the medical curriculum with an online option during the pandemic. The roles of the competency framework of the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) (Leader and Manager, Health Advocate, Professional, Communicator, Collaborator, Scholar, and Healthcare Practitioner) were used to guide its development. This elective emphasised the non-clinical roles of medical practitioners and was offered in 2020 and 2021. OBJECTIVES. To describe the choices of third-year medical students and time spent participating in a modified online elective in 2020 and 2021. METHODS. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used, involving the participation of 629 medical students. Data were collected and analysed from three primary sources: registration data from LinkedIn Learning, data from the Foundation for Professional Development, and self-reported estimates by students of the average time spent on selected courses. Data included identification of the associated competency acquired. Data analysis was conducted using Python, version 3.10.11. RESULTS. The course choices of 629 students were analysed. In 2020 there were 300 participants and in 2021 there were 329. All the students had one compulsory inclusion in the elective (Management and Leadership Short Course for Undergraduate Healthcare Students). Students in both years reported spending the most average time on courses related to clinical knowledge (Healthcare Practitioner), followed by financial literacy and management (Professional), diversity management (Collaborator), and priority actions to identify and/or respond to (Health Advocate). The most popular courses related to the Leader and Manager role were around decision-making in human resources, problem-solving, and managing healthcare teams. Based on the top 10 LinkedIn Learning course selections of both cohorts, there appeared to be a preference for courses that were consistent with the role of medical professionals in practice. The most popular LinkedIn Learning course was The Six Morning Habits of High Performers. CONCLUSION. Students gravitated toward courses aligned with their role as professional doctors within the HPCSA competency framework. More studies are needed to understand how medical students develop the six non-clinical roles in the HPCSA framework and the effectiveness of MOOCs in a medical curriculum.

Abstract: This article reports on a scoping review (Arksey and O'Malley, 2005) of the thematic focuses, methodologies, theoretical approaches and results of empirical research on global citizenship education (GCE) and teachers. For this purpose, 29 "open access" articles were considered from the databases consulted that met the inclusion criteria determined for the study, which were examined using descriptive statistics and content analysis. The main results allow us to propose five types of studies according to the samples of their participants (practicing teachers, teachers in training, various educational actors including teachers, teacher trainers and expert teachers). It is also possible to note a tendency in the thematic to focus on teachers' understanding, perception and significance of GCE, with fewer studies investigating teaching practices and application of this approach. In addition, a methodological tendency is identified that privileges the qualitative paradigm and the case study design. It is concluded that the conceptual category of GCE does not generate a broad consensus among the teachers investigated, externalizing criticisms regarding the Western and universalist view that it proposes.

Resumen: El presente artículo da cuenta de una revisión de alcance o scoping review (Arksey y O’Malley, 2005) sobre los focos temáticos, metodologías, enfoques teóricos y resultados de investigaciones empíricas sobre Educación para la Ciudadanía Global (ECG) y el profesorado. Para dicho efecto se consideraron 29 artículos de “acceso abierto” de las bases de datos consultadas que cumplieran con los criterios de inclusión determinados para el estudio, los que fueron examinados considerando estadística descriptiva y análisis de contenido. Los principales resultados permiten proponer cinco tipos de estudios en función de las muestras de sus participantes (profesores en ejercicio, profesores en formación, diversos actores educativos entre ellos los docentes, formadores de docentes y profesores expertos). También es posible notar una tendencia en los focos temáticos a centrarse en la comprensión, percepción y significación de la ECG por parte de los docentes, con menos estudios que indaguen sobre prácticas de enseñanza y aplicación de dicho enfoque. Además, se identifica una tendencia metodológica que privilegia el paradigma cualitativo y el diseño de estudio de caso. Se concluye que la categoría conceptual de ECG no genera un amplio consenso entre los docentes investigados, exteriorizando críticas respecto a la mirada occidental y universalista que propone.

Resumo: Este artigo relata uma scoping review (Arksey e O'Malley, 2005) dos focos temáticos, metodologias, abordagens teóricas e resultados da investigação empírica sobre educação para a cidadania global (ECG) e professores. Para o efeito, foram considerados 29 artigos "open access" das bases de dados consultadas que cumpriam os critérios de inclusão determinados para o estudo, os quais foram examinados com recurso à estatística descritiva e à análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados permitem-nos propor cinco tipos de estudos de acordo com as amostras dos seus participantes (professores em exercício, professores em formação, vários atores educativos incluindo professores, formadores de professores e professores especialistas). É também possível notar uma tendência na temática para se centrar na compreensão, percepção e significado da ECG por parte dos professores, com menos estudos a investigar as práticas de ensino e a aplicação desta abordagem. Além disso, identifica-se uma tendência metodológica que privilegia o paradigma qualitativo e o desenho de estudo de caso. Conclui-se que a categoria conceitual da ECG não gera um consenso amplo entre os professores investigados, externalizando críticas quanto à visão ocidental e universalista que propõe.

Abstract Climate change (CC) is the greatest evidence of the "metamorphosis of the world" and is changing the temperature and rainfall patterns, but also the social, cultural and health systems on planet Earth. The unpredictability of climactic phenomena and their multidimensional impacts on human and environmental health contribute to making our understanding of the world increasingly difficult. Moreover, history has proven that technoscience alone is not enough to deal with these problems. A global appeal is now emerging for the humanities and social sciences to also deal with the human and non-human issues raised by CC, notably through their integration with the areas of health and sustainability. The aim of this article is to present and discuss some of the first results of the Composing Worlds: Humanities, Well-Being and Health transdisciplinary network, which consists of a network of experts in the humanities, social sciences and health who think about issues of well-being and health in contemporary technological societies. The methodology used in the first phase of the project consisted of an interview with open questions, made by the network of 12 researchers. This was an exploratory study that used thematic analysis to identify the original key ideas of each author and corresponding main themes. The themes were then organised into semantic groups or thematic clusters. It is hoped that some of these clusters will contribute to discussing how CC has already altered our ways of being, living and thinking about the world, and will also contribute to dealing with the challenges related to the risks of CC on health and well-being throughout the 21st century.

Resumo As alterações climáticas (AC) são a maior evidência da “metamorfose do mundo” e estão a mudar os regimes de temperatura e de pluviosidade, mas também os sistemas sociais, culturais e de saúde no planeta Terra. A imprevisibilidade dos fenómenos climáticos e os seus impactes multidimensionais na saúde humana e ambiental contribuem para tornar a nossa compreensão do mundo cada vez mais difícil. Além disso, a história provou que a tecnociência, sozinha, não é suficiente para lidar com estes problemas. Um apelo global está agora a despertar para que as humanidades e as ciências sociais também lidem com as questões humanas e não humanas levantadas pelas AC, nomeadamente através da sua integração com as áreas da saúde e da sustentabilidade. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir alguns dos primeiros resultados da rede transdisciplinar Compor Mundos: Humanidades, Bem-Estar e Saúde, que consiste numa rede de especialistas em humanidades, ciências sociais e da saúde que pensam sobre as questões do bem-estar e da saúde nas sociedades tecnológicas contemporâneas. A metodologia usada na primeira fase do projeto consistiu numa entrevista com perguntas abertas, construída de forma participativa pela rede de 12 investigadores. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa exploratória que utilizou a análise temática para identificar as ideias-chave originais de cada autor e a indução dos temas principais correspondentes. Os temas foram então organizados em grupos de correspondência semântica, ou clusters temáticos. Espera-se que alguns destes clusters contribuam para discutir como as AC já alteraram as nossas maneiras de ser, viver e pensar sobre o mundo, e contribuam também para lidar com os desafios relacionados com os riscos das AC na saúde e no bem-estar ao longo do século XXI.

Abstract Introduction and Aim: The timing of anterior fontanelle (AF) closure may be a useful marker for early disease detection. However, the few published studies on this topic have reported significant differences in the normal age ranges of AF closure between countries. The aim of this study was to report AF closure time in the Portuguese population during the last two decades. Methods: This was a 21-year retrospective observational study of healthy Portuguese children conducted from January 1999 to December 2019. Data on the age of AF closure were collected by a single pediatrician during outpatient child visits at specific ages (1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months) and during unscheduled visits due to appointment changes or illness. Clinically closed AF was defined as the absence of a depressible fontanelle on physical examination. AF closure time was calculated as the mean age between the age of the last palpable AF and the age of the first clinically closed AF. Results: A total of 684 children (gestational age ≥37 weeks, birth weight ≥2500 grams) were evaluated, of whom 364 (53.2%) were boys. The mean ± 1 standard deviation (SD) age of AF closure was 14.3 ± 4.9 months (range 2−33 months). The 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles, representing ± 2 SD of AF closure time, were 6 and 25 months, respectively. Other percentiles were P5 - 7 months, P25 - 11 months, P50 - 14 months, P75 - 16 months, and P95 - 22 months. Noteworthy, 0.6% and 3.1% of children had a closed AF at three and six months, respectively, while 2.9% still had an open AF at 24 months. AF closure occurred earlier in males than in females (13.6±4.7 vs. 15.1±5.0, p <0.001). A statistically significant difference was found in the mean ± 2 SD of the gender comparison (p=0.045). Conclusions: This study showed a normal distribution of AF closure age in Portuguese children. The acknowledgment of age-related variations in AF closure timing in different populations is important to raise clinicians’ awareness for timely suspicion and detection of pathologic cases and the need for clinical study.

Resumo Introdução e Objetivo: O tempo para o encerramento da fontanela anterior (FA) pode ser um indicador útil na deteção precoce de doença. Os escassos estudos publicados sobre o tema evidenciam a existência de diferenças significativas entre países na definição do intervalo de idades normal para o encerramento da FA. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o intervalo de idades de encerramento da FA na população portuguesa ao longo das últimas duas décadas. Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospetivo, com a duração de 21 anos, efetuado em crianças portuguesas saudáveis entre Janeiro de 1999 e Dezembro de 2019. Foram recolhidos dados relativos à idade de encerramento da FA por um único pediatra em contexto de consulta de saúde infantil realizada em idades específicas (1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30 e 36 meses) e de consultas não programadas devido a reagendamentos ou situação de doença aguda. Foi definida FA clinicamente encerrada como ausência de fontanela anterior depressível no exame objetivo. A idade de encerramento da FA foi calculada como a idade média entre a idade da criança na última palpação da FA aberta e a idade na consulta em que se objetivou o seu encerramento. Resultados: Um total de 684 crianças (idade gestacional ≥37 semanas, peso ao nascimento ≥2500 gramas) foram avaliadas, 364 (53%) das quais do sexo masculino. A idade média de encerramento da FA ± 1 desvio-padrão (DP) foi de 14.3 ± 4.9 meses (variação 2−33 meses). Os percentis 2.5 e 97.5, correspondentes a ± 2 DP do tempo de encerramento da FA, foram 6 e 25 meses de idade, respetivamente. A distribuição das idades de encerramento foi ainda caracterizada pelos seguintes percentis: P5 - 7 meses, P25 - 11 meses, P50 - 14 meses, P75 - 16 meses e P95 - 22 meses. Aos três e seis meses de vida, 0.6% e 3.1% das crianças, respetivamente já tinham a FA encerrada, enquanto aos 24 meses de idade, 2.9% mantinham-na aberta. O encerramento da FA foi significativamente mais precoce no sexo masculino do que no sexo feminino (13.6±4.7 vs. 15.1±5.0, p <0.001) e a média ± 2 DP da comparação entre os sexos também foi estatisticamente diferente (p=0.045). Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem uma distribuição normal na idade de encerramento da FA num grupo de crianças portuguesas. Ter conhecimento de variações relacionadas com a idade de encerramento da FA em diferentes populações é importante para sensibilizar os clínicos para a deteção precoce de estados patológicos e para determinar a necessidade de prosseguir o estudo clínico.

Resumo: Propósito: O presente estudo tem como objetivo explorar a literatura existente sobre habilidades e movimentos visuais em jogadores de tênis. Metodologia: Pesquisamos os bancos de dados Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PubMed e Google Scholar, o que nos permitiu selecionar 37 estudos empíricos realizados com um método quantitativo. A escolha dos estudos atendeu aos critérios estabelecidos em torno das palavras-chave, do tema do estudo e da metodologia da pesquisa. Resultados: Os resultados estão organizados em três tópicos centrais: (a) Precedentes das habilidades visuais no século XX, (b) Século XXI: Papel dos movimentos sacádicos (c) Reflexões sobre a proeza do tênis e os movimentos sacádicos. Conclusões: Ao longo de várias décadas de pesquisa e monitoramento da abordagem ''visão e esporte'' no tênis de campo, especificamente nos movimentos visuais entre fixações e movimentos sacádicos, podem ser identificados níveis diferenciais de desempenho no tênis com potencial para serem indicadores de melhores desempenhos esportivos. Considerando que as ferramentas utilizadas até o momento nessa modalidade para os processos de seleção e/ou avaliação não são determinantes, devido ao fato de ser uma modalidade esportiva multifatorial de ordem perceptivomotora e de habilidades abertas, sugere-se que as habilidades visuais podem ser essenciais para a aquisição de um alto nível competitivo. Esse aspecto levanta uma linha de pesquisa interessante que merece ser mais explorada no futuro.

Abstract: Purpose: The presente study aims to explore the existing bibliography on visual skills and visual movements in tennis players. Method: We searched the Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PubMed and Google Scholar databases, which allowed us to select 37 empirical studies carried out with a quantitative method. The choice of the studies responded to the criteria established around the Keywords, the subject of the study and the research methodology. Results: The results are organized into three central topics: (a) Antecedents of visual skills in the 20th century, (b) 21st century: Role of saccadic movements, and (c) Reflections on the tennis feat and saccadic movements. Conclusions: Throughout several decades of research and monitoring of the ''vision and sport'' approach in field tennis, specifically in the visual movements between fixations and saccadic movements, differential levels of tennis performance can be identified with the potential to be indicators of better sports performance. Given that the tools used so far in this discipline for the selection and/or evaluation processes are not determinant, due to being a multifactorial sport discipline of perceptual-motor order and open skills, it is suggested that visual skills may be essential for the acquisition of a high competitive level. This aspect raises an interesting line of research that deserves further exploration in the future.

Resumen Propósito: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo explorar la bibliografía existente sobre las habilidades y movimientos visuales en jugadores de tenis. Metodología: Se indagó en las bases de datos Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PubMed y Google Scholar que permn seleccionar 37 estudios empíricos realizados con un método cuantitativo. La elección de los estudios respondió a los criterios establecidos en torno a las palabras clave, temática del estudio y la metodología de investigación. Resultados: Los resultados se organizan en tres tópicos centrales: (a) Antecedentes de habilidades visuales en el siglo XX, (b) Siglo XXI: rol de los movimientos sacádicos y (c) Reflexiones sobre la gesta tenística y los movimientos sacádicos. Conclusiones: A lo largo de varias décadas de investigación y seguimiento al enfoque ''visión y deporte'' en el tenis de campo, específicamente en los movimientos visuales entre fijaciones y movimientos sacádicos, se pueden identificar niveles diferenciales de rendimiento tenístico con el potencial de ser indicadores de mejores desempeños deportivos. Dado que las herramientas utilizadas hasta ahora en esta disciplina para los procesos de selección o evaluación no son determinantes, debido a ser una disciplina deportiva multifactorial de orden perceptivo-motor y de habilidades abiertas, se sugiere que las habilidades visuales pueden ser indispensables para la adquisición de un alto nivel competitivo. Este aspecto plantea una línea de investigación interesante que merece una mayor exploración en el futuro.