Abstract The study/research presents the results of a thesis that is justified by the search for understanding how the subjectivation of the teacher takes place and what processes of cyberformation and modes of subjectivation emerge in contemporary university teaching even in the face of the appeals of cyberculture, contemporary culture mediated by networked technologies and their implications for everyday processes of communication, creation and dissemination of knowledge. The aim of the research is to understand what discursive practices constitute being a teacher and what cyberformation processes result from university teaching that can emancipate subjects in contemporary times. Qualitative, multi-referential and articulated with the methodology of conversation, the research has an archaeogenealogical approach and seeks to create an ontology of the present of being a teacher. The data produced and analyzed in online conversations with twenty-nine teachers working in higher education in licentiate courses on four continents, America, Africa, Europe and Asia, constituted three Categorical Units of Analysis of teachers' discursive practices: virtuality, intersubjectivity and cyberformacivity. Intertwined with the research's theoretical framework, namely Agamben, Ardoino, Arendt, Bruno, Deleuze, Freire, Foucault, Han, Hooks, Lemos, Lévy, Moraes, Morozov, Najmanovich, Nietzsche, Nóvoa, O’Neil, Santaella, Santos Silva, Silva, Vieira Neto e Zuboff, the data revealed clues, pointing to how, in university teaching, being a teacher and the processes of cyberformation can promote principles that foster emancipation and critical technological awareness in subjects.

Resumen Este estudio/investigación presenta los resultados de una tesis que se justifica en la búsqueda de comprender cómo ocurre la subjetivación del docente y qué procesos de ciberformación y modos de subjetivación emergen en la enseñanza en las universidades contemporáneas, incluso frente a los atractivos de la cibercultura, la cultura contemporánea mediada por las redes tecnológicas y sus implicaciones para los procesos cotidianos de comunicación, creación y difusión del conocimiento. El objetivo de la investigación es comprender qué prácticas discursivas constituyen el ser maestro y qué procesos de ciberformación resultan de la enseñanza universitaria que pueden emancipar a los sujetos en la época contemporánea. Cualitativa, multirreferencial y articulada con la metodología de la conversación, la investigación tiene un enfoque arqueogenealógico y busca crear una ontología del presente del ser maestro. Los datos producidos y analizados en conversaciones en línea con veintinueve docentes que trabajan en educación superior en cursos de licenciatura en cuatro continentes, América, África, Europa y Asia, constituyeron tres Unidades Categóricas de Análisis de las prácticas discursivas docentes: virtualidad, intersubjetividad y ciberformacividad. Entrelazados con el marco teórico de la investigación, a saber, Agamben, Ardoino, Arendt, Bruno, Deleuze, Freire, Foucault, Han, Hooks, Lemos, Lévy, Moraes, Morozov, Najmanovich, Nietzsche, Nóvoa, O'Neil, Santaella, Santos, Silva, Vieira Neto y Zuboff, los datos dieron lugar a pistas que señalan cómo, en la educación universitaria, los procesos de enseñanza y ciberformación pueden promover principios que promuevan la emancipación y la conciencia tecnológica crítica entre los sujetos.

Inclusive curriculum transformation is crucial in Higher Education (HE). Decolonisation is considered a necessary intervention that offers opportunities to reimagine curricula, broaden access, and foster inclusivity. However, the full potential of decolonisation remains untapped due to contradictory perceptions and the absence of substantive decolonial theory. This scoping review explored how the decolonisation of Health Sciences curricula can be used as a vehicle for transformation in HE. A systematic search of online academic databases was conducted and included 31 relevant articles. Deductive and inductive coding was used to analyse the data, through which 14 decolonial actions were identified and presented as an action framework. By identifying and organising the main concepts used in the literature and proposing an action framework to decolonise curricula within the field of Health Sciences, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse of how decolonisation can be used to bring about transformation in HE. CONTRIBUTION: Findings contribute to the development of decolonial theory and highlight the benefits of decolonising Health Sciences curricula. This scoping review sets the stage for further research to build on this action framework, develop practical guidelines to guide curriculum change and evaluate and measure decolonisation efforts

Abstract Social networks consist of a group of individuals connected by family, work, or other interests and facilitated by an online structure or platform. They are also a relatively recent and widely used marketing phenomenon that is constantly evolving. The healthcare field includes professions such as social work, biology, biomedicine, physical education, nursing, pharmacy, physiotherapy, speech therapy, medicine, veterinary medicine, nutrition, dentistry, psychology, and occupational therapy. The present study aimed to analyze the influence of social networks in the process of finding and selecting healthcare professionals. The methodology was a survey using a structured questionnaire created on Google Forms. Descriptive research was carried out with non-probabilistic convenience and snowball sampling, followed by quantitative data analysis. A total of 268 participants who signed the informed consent were included in the study. The findings revealed that the most common way to find healthcare professionals is through recommendations from friends/relatives and other professionals, followed by the use of social networks. The majority of participants used social networks to search for healthcare professionals, with Instagram being the most widely used platform. Sponsored advertisements can be an effective way to reach potential new patients. The most valued characteristics in healthcare content creators were reliability, expertise, and the ability to convey messages, with health-related explanations in an easily understandable manner being the preferred type of content. Therefore, this study revealed that social networks can influence the search for and selection of healthcare professionals.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the quality and reliability of YouTube videos as an educational resource about retinopathy of prematurity. Methods: Videos were sourced from YouTube using the search terms “retinopathy of prematurity” and “premature retinopathy” with the default settings. Each video was assessed on the following metrics: views, likes, dislikes, comments, upload source, country of origin, view ratio, like ratio, and video power index. The quality and reliability of the videos were evaluated by two independent researchers using the DISCERN questionnaire, the JAMA benchmarks, the Global Quality Score scale, the Health on the Net Code of Conduct, and the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients scale. Results: The study assessed 92 videos, the majority of which (42 videos, 45.7%) originated from the United States. Most of the videos focused on screening, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity (61.9%). The primary contributors were medical organizations (19 videos, 20.6%), nonacademic health channels (19 videos, 20.6%), and physicians (15 videos, 16.3%). Significant differences were found between the DISCERN (p=0.003), JAMA (p=0.001), Global Quality Score (p=0.003), Health on the Net Code of Conduct (p=0.006), and Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (p=0.001) scores among different video sources. However, the key video metrics did not differ. Using the DISCERN and Global Quality Score scales, the overall YouTube video content on retinopathy of prematurity was rated as moderate in quality. Using the Health On the Net Code of Conduct and Ensuring Quality Information for Patients scales, it was rated as high quality. Strong correlations were observed between the scores on all of the scales (p<0.001). Conclusion: Videos from medical organizations and healthcare centers were of a higher quality than those from nonmedical sources. Despite the varied foci of each evaluation scale, the strong correlation between them indicates that they provide reliable and comprehensive assessments of the quality of informational content.

RESUMO Intervenções mente-corpo têm sido amplamente investigadas para melhorar aspectos psicológicos dos cuidadores de pessoas com demência. No entanto, a prática de yoga carece de análise aprofundada. Objetivo: Investigar os benefícios da yoga na qualidade de vida (QV), satisfação com a vida, bem-estar psicológico, atenção, autocompaixão, estresse percebido, ansiedade, depressão e sobrecarga do cuidador. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa em bancos de dados como SciELO, PubMed, Bvsalud, Web of Science, Embase e PsycINFO, focando no efeito da yoga para cuidadores informais de demência em comparação a grupos passivos ou ativos, através de estudos randomizados e não randomizados. A última busca foi rodada dia 11/09/2024. A revisão inicial reduziu 284 registros para 180, 172 foram excluídos, restando 8 que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Dois autores, independentemente, selecionaram e extraíram dados dos estudos incluídos usando uma planilha baseada no Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review Group. O risco de viés foi avaliado com as ferramentas Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB2 e ROBINS-I). Resultados: Foram incluídos três estudos randomizados e cinco não randomizados, com 161 participantes, cuja idade média variou de 39 a 76 anos, a maioria do sexo feminino (esposas e filhas). Quatro estudos utilizaram hatha yoga e quatro, yoga não tradicional. Resultados significativos foram observados em QV, depressão, estresse, ansiedade e autocompaixão, mas não na sobrecarga do cuidador. Intervenções presenciais ou online mostraram resultados mais expressivos que vídeos gravados. O risco de viés foi moderado. Conclusão: A prática de yoga pode ser uma intervenção eficaz para melhorar aspectos psicológicos dos cuidadores.

ABSTRACT Mind-body interventions have been explored to enhance the psychological well-being of dementia caregivers; however, the specific effects of yoga practice remain underexamined. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the benefits of yoga on quality of life (QoL), life satisfaction, psychological well-being, attention, self-compassion, perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and caregiver burden for dementia caregivers. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on September 11, 2024, in databases including SciELO, PubMed, BVSalud, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO, focusing on the effects of yoga for informal dementia caregivers compared to passive or active control groups through randomized and non-randomized trials. An initial review reduced 284 to 180 unique records; 172 studies were excluded, leaving 8 that met the inclusion criteria. Two authors independently selected and extracted data using a data extraction sheet based on the Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review Group. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tools (ROB2 and ROBINS-I) were employed to evaluate bias risk. Results: The review included three randomized and five non-randomized studies with a total of 161 participants, predominantly female (wives and daughters), with ages ranging from 39 to 76 years. Four studies utilized hatha yoga, while four employed non-traditional yoga. Significant improvements were observed in QoL, depression, stress, anxiety, and self-compassion, but not in caregiver burden. Furthermore, positive effects were more pronounced in face-to-face or online interventions than in recorded videos. On average, studies exhibited a moderate risk of bias. Conclusion: Yoga practice can serve as an effective intervention for enhancing the psychological aspects of dementia caregivers.

BACKGROUND: While hundreds of Fulbright awards have been given, little is known about the impact of such engagement despite a goal of increased research partnership and collaboration. AIM: The extent and impact of a Fulbright award was explored by examining referencing of primary collaborative publications. SETTING: Seven databases and two alternative sources from 2013 to 2023 were reviewed. METHODS: Co-citation analysis identified pairs of referenced articles. Subsequently, a bibliometric approach was used to quantitatively and visually capture and analyse publications using data visualisation software. RESULTS: A search of sources found 773 citations citing the 16 primary works. Following the elimination of duplicates, 273 publications remained. Also examined was the non-scientific downstream noted in social media (n = 66). Based on co-citation analysis, there was a sharp uptick in the utilisation of primary citations (n = 273) compared to a 2019 analysis (n = 42). Journal Impact Factors of citing works had a high of 5.379 from 2.079 in 2019. Primary citations in open access journals demonstrated greater referencing, and the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated utilisation of some works. Citing works focussed on three clusters: compassion fatigue, birth stories and Ubuntu. Most citing works originated from South Africa and the United States of America and consisted of multidisciplinary investigators with interfacility alliance and team science engagement. Nursing or midwifery were the main disciplines of first authors in citing articles (n = 153). CONCLUSION: Co-citation analysis and downstream use of publications in social media provided evidence of the impact of a Fulbright award on scholarship with persistence over time. CONTRIBUTIONS: Fulbright awards promote collaborative teamwork between disciplines and is of clear benefit to scientists.

BACKGROUND: This review mapped the perceptions of nurses on the integration of mental health services into primary health care (PHC) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). AIM: The study focused on perceptions related to mental health service integration to determine barriers and facilitators from the perspective of nurses. METHOD: A scoping review was conducted across relevant databases and search engines, resulting in the identification of 120 studies. Four studies met the inclusion criteria for synthesis. RESULTS: The findings indicated that nurses perceived a significant lack of resources and training in mental health care. Barriers such as stigma and workload were prevalent barriers to integration. However, facilitators included support from leadership and multidisciplinary collaboration. Successful integration led to improved patient access to mental health services and reduced stigma. CONCLUSION: The integration of mental health services into PHC is a complex process influenced by multiple factors. Nurses play a critical role in this integration, and their insights are essential for developing effective strategies for integration. For proper integration of mental health services, it is recommended that resources and training for nurses to integrate mental health services into PHC in LMICs be increased. Addressing barriers like stigma and heavy workloads, along with support from leadership and multidisciplinary collaboration, is essential for improving patient outcomes. CONTRIBUTION: This study contributes to the knowledge base on integrating mental health services into PHC, offering insights for policymakers and healthcare providers to enhance mental health care delivery in LMICs and similar settings.

BACKGROUND: Firefighters' duties include fire response, emergency medical treatment and rescue operations. Noncompliance with physical activity (PA) guidelines increases adverse health behaviours and the risk of on-duty fatalities. While PA is known to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD), its impact on risky health behaviours in firefighters is under-researched. AIM: This scoping review aimed to evaluate PA's effects on firefighters' cardiovascular health. METHOD: The review followed PRISMA-ScR and PRISMA Protocol standards, involving a comprehensive search across databases like Cochrane, PubMed, Medline, EbscoHost, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL (EBSCO), SAGE Journals, ScienceDirect and Scopus, covering publications up to June 2023. The purpose was to compile evidence on PA programs' effects on fire and rescue services (FRS). RESULTS: Five intervention studies were included, examining PA effects on firefighters with smoking habits, poor diet, alcohol consumption and sedentary lifestyles. These interventions recommend 150 minutes per week of aerobic, flexibility and strength activities. Firefighters should be guided to initiate and maintain 150 minutes of PA weekly to promote health strategies. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that integrating lifestyle changes with low- and moderate-intensity PA into fire services is crucial for improving health risk behaviours (HRBs). Implementing multilevel interventions is necessary to drive policy changes supporting firefighters facing HRBs. CONTRIBUTION: Educating firefighters about these behaviours is essential, fostering an understanding of healthy alternatives.

The migration of Zimbabweans in search of better opportunities has spurred the growth and spread of Zimbabwean Churches within diaspora communities. Currently, many Zimbabwean churches like other African Churches have crossed continental borders, setting up branches in Europe and North America. This phenomenon of African Churches engaging with diasporic communities has been described by scholars as a 'Reverse Mission'. A critical question that emerges is: To what degree is the establishment of African churches in other nations and continent an indicative of a reverse mission? The case study focuses on two Zimbabwean churches that have established branches in South Africa and other countries both within and beyond the African continent. The selection of the two churches is based on their origins that trace back to South Africa, rendering them pertinent examples for discussion in the context of reverse mission. The research identified 'missiological gaps' leading to a 'missionary trap' in the context of reverse mission, as the two Zimbabwean Churches face new frontiers. The article discusses how Zimbabwean churches, along with other African churches in the diaspora, created obstacles that impeded the dissemination of the gospel because of their insufficient cross-cultural training and experience. The researcher utilised descriptive phenomenological and interpretive phenomenological approaches for data collection and analysis, respectively. INTRADISCIPLINARY AND/OR INTERDISCIPLINARY: The article is framed within the context of reverse mission, missiology, and the history of African Christianity. It contends that the African church should reassess its evangelistic strategies as it transcends national and international borders

BACKGROUND: A reduction in communicable diseases in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) over recent decades has led to an increased life expectancy and non-communicable diseases such as cancer. However, cancer services in SSA remain inadequate. With increasing mobile use, mobile health (mHealth) has the potential to expand healthcare access AIM: This systematic review aims to synthesise literature reporting on barriers and facilitators to the implementation and use of mHealth tools by patients or the public to support symptomatic cancer diagnosis in SSA METHOD: A comprehensive literature search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Two researchers independently conducted title and abstract screening, full-text review and data extraction. Extraction templates were compared and data were synthesised. Quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool RESULTS: Of 7695 records identified, three quantitative and two mixed-methods studies were included, published between 2016 and 2022. The studies focused on Kaposi's sarcoma, cervical cancer, breast cancer and any cancer. Three inter-related themes describe the barriers and facilitators: (1) user or population-related factors including access to mobile devices and connectivity, and language literacy; (2) mHealth tool-related factors such as tool accessibility and language translation; and (3) structural, societal or systemic factors such as sociocultural significance and stigma CONCLUSION: Although SSA countries experienced similar challenges to mHealth tool use as high-income nations, some barriers such as limited mobile devices and connectivity were more severely evident CONTRIBUTION: The study findings can be used to guide future mHealth tool design and implementation strategies that are relevant to SSA

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a presença de anticorpos neutralizantes contra o SARS-CoV-2 no leite materno e no sangue das lactantes vacinadas em relação àquelas não vacinadas. Fontes de dados: Foi efetuado registro no International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews — PROSPERO (CRD42021287554) e foram seguidas as diretrizes do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Foram elegíveis estudos de coorte, caso-controle e transversais que avaliaram anticorpos contra o SARS-CoV-2 no leite e no sangue de lactantes vacinadas e tiveram como grupo controle lactantes não vacinadas. Utilizaram-se os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCs), Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) e Emtree para as bases Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline/PubMed) e Embase, respectivamente. Na Web of Science e Scopus foi feita adaptação da estratégia. Não foram estabelecid as restrições quanto ao período de publicação e idioma. Síntese dos dados: As buscas identificaram 233 registros. Foram excluídos 128 duplicados e 101 fora dos critérios de inclusão, e quatro estudos de coorte foram elegíveis. As lactantes vacinadas com Pfizer-BioNTech e Moderna apresentaram anticorpos contra SARS-CoV-2 no sangue e no leite materno. Conclusões: As mulheres lactantes vacinadas apresentaram níveis mais elevados de imunoglobulina G (IgG) e A (IgA) no soro e no leite materno em comparação com as mulheres não vacinadas. Objetivo SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- dados CRD42021287554 CRD (CRD42021287554 MetaAnalysis Meta PRISMA. PRISMA . (PRISMA) casocontrole caso Utilizaramse Utilizaram se DeCs, DeCs , (DeCs) MeSH (MeSH BVS, BVS (BVS) Medline/PubMed MedlinePubMed Medline PubMed (Medline/PubMed Embase respectivamente estratégia idioma 23 registros 12 10 inclusão PfizerBioNTech Pfizer BioNTech Conclusões IgG (IgG IgA (IgA SARS-CoV CRD4202128755 (CRD4202128755 (PRISMA (DeCs (BVS 1 CRD420212875 (CRD420212875 CRD42021287 (CRD42021287 CRD4202128 (CRD4202128 CRD420212 (CRD420212 CRD42021 (CRD42021 CRD4202 (CRD4202 CRD420 (CRD420 CRD42 (CRD42 CRD4 (CRD4 (CRD

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the presence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 found in the breast milk and blood of vaccinated lactating women with those not vaccinated. Data source: The study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under CRD42021287554 and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies that evaluated antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the milk and blood of vaccinated mothers and had as control group unvaccinated mothers were eligible. Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCs), Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Emtree descriptors were used for the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline/Pubmed), and Embase databases, respectively. In the Web of Science and Scopus, the strategy was adapted. No restrictions on the publication period and language were set. Data synthesis: The search identified 233 records, of which 128 duplicates and 101 papers that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. Hence, four cohort studies were eligible. Nursing mothers vaccinated with the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines showed antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in their blood and breast milk. Conclusions: Vaccinated lactating women had higher levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and A (IgA) in serum and breast milk than unvaccinated women. Objective SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2 SARS-CoV- source PROSPERO (PROSPERO CRD CRD4202128755 MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses PRISMA (PRISMA guidelines Cohort casecontrol, casecontrol case control, case-control crosssectional cross sectional eligible DeCs, DeCs , (DeCs) MeSH (MeSH VHL, VHL (VHL) Medline/Pubmed, MedlinePubmed Medline/Pubmed Medline Pubmed (Medline/Pubmed) databases respectively Scopus adapted set synthesis 23 records 12 10 excluded Hence PfizerBioNTech Pfizer BioNTech Conclusions IgG (IgG IgA (IgA SARS-CoV CRD420212875 (DeCs (VHL (Medline/Pubmed 1 CRD42021287 CRD4202128 CRD420212 CRD42021 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

RESUMO Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática e metanálise para verificar a associação de aspectos da prática esportiva com comportamentos de risco à saúde em adolescentes. Fontes de dados: Realizou-se uma busca sistemática de manuscritos eletrônicos da United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed)/ Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), publicados de janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2022. Foram incluídos estudos que examinaram a associação entre o esporte e comportamentos de risco à saúde, com amostra composta de adolescentes com idades de 11 a 19 anos. Este estudo foi registrado na International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) com número CRD42023392053. Síntese dos dados: Ao todo, 22 estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. A associação da prática esportiva com comportamento sedentário apresentou valores de razão de chances (odds ratio — OR) variando de 0,61 a 0,92, consumo de tabaco de 0,35 a 0,73, drogas ilícitas de 0,40 a 0,91 e redução do sono inadequado durante a semana de 0,57 (intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% 0,52–0,63) e finais de semana 0,79 (IC95% 0,69–0,89). Na metanálise, a prática esportiva teve associação significativa com o consumo de álcool para meninos (OR 1,36; IC95% 1,09–1,70) e esteve inversamente associada com o consumo de tabaco para meninos e meninas (OR 0,59; IC95% 0,56–0,61). Conclusões: Adolescentes que realizam prática esportiva tendem a apresentar menor ocorrência de comportamento sedentário, consumo de tabaco e de drogas ilícitas e quantidade de sono inadequada; e, na metanálise, os meninos apresentam valores mais elevados para o consumo de álcool e meninos e meninas valores mais baixos para o uso de tabaco. Objetivo dados Realizouse Realizou se PubMed/ PubMed / (PubMed) MEDLINE, MEDLINE , (MEDLINE) Direct SciELO, SciELO (SciELO) 201 2022 1 anos PROSPERO (PROSPERO CRD42023392053 CRD todo 2 inclusão odds OR 061 0 61 0,6 092 92 0,92 035 35 0,3 073 73 0,73 040 40 0,4 091 91 0,9 057 57 0,5 intervalo 95 IC95 IC 0,52–0,63 052063 52 63 079 79 0,7 (IC95 0,69–0,89. 069089 0,69–0,89 . 69 89 0,69–0,89) 1,36 136 36 1,09–1,70 109170 09 70 0,59 059 59 0,56–0,61. 056061 0,56–0,61 56 0,56–0,61) Conclusões inadequada (PubMed (MEDLINE (SciELO 20 202 CRD4202339205 06 6 0, 9 03 3 07 7 04 4 05 5 IC9 0,52–0,6 05206 (IC9 06908 0,69–0,8 8 1,3 13 1,09–1,7 10917 05606 0,56–0,6 CRD420233920 0,52–0, 0520 (IC 0690 0,69–0, 1, 1,09–1, 1091 0560 0,56–0, CRD42023392 0,52–0 052 069 0,69–0 1,09–1 109 056 0,56–0 CRD4202339 0,52– 0,69– 1,09– 10 0,56– CRD420233 0,52 0,69 1,09 0,56 CRD42023 1,0 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

ABSTRACT Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to verify the association of aspects of sports practice with health risk behaviors in adolescents. Data source: A systematic search was conducted of electronic manuscripts from the United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed)/ Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) published from January 2015 to December 2022. Studies examining the association between sport and health risk behaviors in adolescents aged 11 to 19 years were included. This study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under number CRD42023392053. Data synthesis: In total, 22 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The association of sports practice with sedentary behavior showed odds ratio (OR) values ranging from 0,61 to 0,92, tobacco use from 0,35 to 0,73, illicit drugs from 0,40 to 0,91, and reduced inadequate sleep on weekdays of 0.57 (95% confidence interval — 95%CI 0.52–0.63) and weekends 0.79 (95%CI 0.69–0.89). In the meta-analysis, sports practice was significantly associated with alcohol consumption for boys (OR 1,36; CI95% 1,09–1,70), and was inversely associated with tobacco use for boys and girls (OR 0,59; CI95% 0,56–0,61). Conclusions: Adolescents who practice sports tend to have lower occurrences of sedentary behavior, tobacco and illicit drug use, and adequate amounts of sleep; and, in the meta-analysis, boys present higher values for alcohol consumption and boys and girls present lower values for tobacco use. Objective metaanalysis meta analysis source PubMed/ PubMed / (PubMed) MEDLINE, MEDLINE , (MEDLINE) Direct SciELO (SciELO 201 2022 1 included PROSPERO (PROSPERO CRD42023392053 CRD synthesis total 2 criteria OR 061 0 61 0,6 092 92 0,92 035 35 0,3 073 73 0,73 040 40 0,4 091 91 0,91 057 57 0.5 95% 95 (95 95CI CI 0.52–0.63 052063 52 63 079 79 0.7 0.69–0.89. 069089 0.69–0.89 . 69 89 0.69–0.89) metaanalysis, analysis, 1,36 136 36 CI95 1,09–1,70, 109170 1,09–1,70 09 70 1,09–1,70) 0,59 059 59 0,56–0,61. 056061 0,56–0,61 56 0,56–0,61) Conclusions (PubMed (MEDLINE 20 202 CRD4202339205 06 6 0, 9 0,9 03 3 07 7 0,7 04 4 05 5 0. (9 0.52–0.6 05206 06908 0.69–0.8 8 1,3 13 CI9 10917 1,09–1,7 0,5 05606 0,56–0,6 CRD420233920 ( 0.52–0. 0520 0690 0.69–0. 1, 1091 1,09–1, 0560 0,56–0, CRD42023392 0.52–0 052 069 0.69–0 109 1,09–1 056 0,56–0 CRD4202339 0.52– 0.69– 10 1,09– 0,56– CRD420233 0.52 0.69 1,09 0,56 CRD42023 0.6 1,0 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives Salt production, especially using artisanal methods, does not exist in all countries, given the climatic and logistical requirements. Portugal has some tradition in this sector, but even so, most professionals working in Occupational Health and Safety have no experience in the area. The aim of this review was to summarize the most relevant and recent publications, to improve their performance capacity and enhance the productivity, satisfaction and well-being of the workers involved. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in April 2023 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content Salt pans can be inland (far from the sea, using groundwater with a high salt content) or coastal. The former are scarcer in Portugal and only exist between Lisbon and Coimbra. Over time, in our country, evaporation was carried out by fire and sun. The latter is believed to have been developed by the Romans who created the first version of salt flats. At national level there is evidence of salt production since the end of the Neolithic, but here more frequently with the use of fire. Throughout Europe there has been a decline in artisanal versus industrial salt production, even in sea salt pans (especially on the northwest coast of France and, in Portugal, on the western coasts). Artisanal production in our country is more prevalent in the Figueira da Foz area. The product obtained via artisanal production has better quality, particularly in terms of flavor and nutritionally (via industrial production the taste is more metallic). Portugal is a large producer and consumer of traditional salt. The climatic characteristics suit production, due to summers with frequent high temperatures and strong, hot winds. National salt was and is consumed in other European countries; for presenting superior quality, even though it is more expensive. Production depends on the climate, namely insolation (number of hours in the sun), precipitation, temperature, cloudiness and winds (which affect evaporation). In other words, this is more intense and faster if the air temperature is higher, such as with more dry winds (which are generally more frequent in summer); low precipitation is also favorable. Salt production has been increasing, due to growing industrial needs. To be used in this last situation, it must be at 100% purity. Discussion and Conclusions No bibliography was found that referred the dimension of occupational health and safety in this professional sector. Based on the authors' theoretical and practical experience, the most relevant risk factors and risks in the sector are described: ultraviolet radiation and possible skin cancer, cataracts and other associated injuries; thermal discomfort and eventual higher accident rates associated with motor incoordination, worse cardiovascular adjustment, as well as disorientation and ability to make decisions; forced/maintained loads and/or postures and possible musculoskeletal injuries, emergence/worsening of hernia pathology and falling objects at the same level and possible bruises, skin lacerations and/or fractures. It would be interesting to learn more about the national panorama of this sector, through studies that hierarchically stratify the risk, also accurately describing occupational illnesses and associated accidents, as well as more effective measures to mitigate these issues.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos A produção de sal, sobretudo com métodos artesanais, não existe em todos os países, dadas as exigências climáticas e logísticas. Portugal apresenta alguma tradição nesse setor mas, ainda assim, a maioria dos profissionais a exercer na Saúde e Segurança Ocupacionais não tem experiência na área. Pretendeu-se com esta revisão resumir o que mais relevante e recente se publicou, de forma a melhorar a capacidade de atuação destes e a potenciar a produtividade, satisfação e bem-estar dos trabalhadores afetos. Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em abril de 2023 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo As salinas podem ser interiores (afastadas do mar, usando água subterrânea com elevado conteúdo em sal) ou litorais. As primeiras são mais escassas em Portugal e apenas existem entre Lisboa e Coimbra. Ao longo do tempo, no nosso país, a evaporação era realizada pelo fogo e sol. Esta última acredita-se que foi desenvolvida pelos romanos que, de certa forma, criaram a primeira versão das salinas. A nível nacional há evidência de produção de sal desde o final do Neolítico, mas aqui mais frequente com a utilização do fogo. Por toda a Europa tem existido um declínio da produção artesanal de sal, versus industrial, mesmo em salinas marítimas (sobretudo na costa noroeste de França e, em Portugal, na costa ocidental). A produção artesanal no nosso país é mais prevalente na zona da Figueira da Foz. O produto obtido via artesanal tem mais qualidade, nomeadamente a nível de sabor e nutricionalmente (via industrial o paladar é um pouco mais metálico). Portugal é um grande produtor e consumidor de sal tradicional. As caraterísticas climáticas adequam-se à produção, devido aos verões com temperaturas elevadas frequentes e ventos fortes e quentes. O sal nacional era e é consumido noutros países europeus, por apresentar qualidade superior, mesmo tendo um preço mais elevado. A produção depende do clima, nomeadamente a insolação (número de horas ao sol), precipitação, temperatura, nebulosidade e ventos (que condicionam a evaporação). Ou seja, esta é mais intensa e rápida se a temperatura do ar for mais elevada, tal como com mais ventos secos (que geralmente são mais frequentes no Verão); a baixa precipitação também é favorável. A produção de sal tem vindo a aumentar, até pelas crescentes necessidades industriais. Para ser usado nesta última situação, deverá estar no patamar de 100% de pureza. Discussão e Conclusões Não se encontrou bibliografia que fizesse referência à dimensão da saúde e segurança ocupacionais neste setor profissional. Em função de experiência teórica e prática dos autores, descrevem-se os fatores de riscos e riscos mais relevantes do setor: radiação ultravioleta e eventual cancro de pele, cataratas e outras lesões associadas; desconforto térmico e eventual maior sinistralidade associada a descoordenação motora, pior ajuste cardiovascular, bem como desorientação e capacidade de tomar decisões; cargas e/ou posturas forçadas/mantidas e eventuais lesões músculo-esqueléticas, surgimento/agravamento de patologia herniária e queda de objetos e ao mesmo nível e eventuais equimoses, lacerações cutâneas e/ou fraturas. Seria interessante conhecer melhor o panorama nacional deste setor, através de estudos que estratificassem hierarquicamente o risco, descrevendo ainda com rigor as doenças profissionais e acidentes associados, bem como medidas mais eficazes para atenuar essas questões.

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives Over the last few years, most countries have developed standards relating to reducing the number of places where smoking continues to be possible, particularly in the workplace. This review was intended to summarize the most recent publications on the topic. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in April 2023 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content Passive Smoking is defined as "second-hand" smoke that encompasses a complex mixture of pollutants, remaining in the dust on local surfaces where it was smoked, consisting of the original tobacco products and the components originating in the direct consumer's breath, eventually reacting to other agents gifts. These can remain on inert surfaces, sometimes for months and transmission can occur by simple touch. Some researchers estimate that there are around 4000 chemical agents in this context, of which 250 are toxic and 50 are even carcinogenic. Tobacco is one of the preventable causes of death worldwide and a modifiable risk factor, through mechanisms that include DNA damage, inflammation and oxidative stress. It involves health costs and reduced labor productivity, due to associated pathologies, namely cardiovascular, respiratory, oncological, obstetric and infectious diseases. Discussion and Conclusions Over the last few decades, there has been a global decrease in passive smoke, due to the introduction of increasingly restrictive standards in relation to places where smoking is still permitted, in society in general and, obviously, in the workplace as well. The selected articles did not highlight the following detail much but, by creating areas where smoking is permitted in the company, these should minimize the exposure of all workers, smokers and, above all, non-smokers. It would be desirable for countries/institutions where standards are less restrictive and/or enforced to change, so that all workers have a safe working environment. Furthermore, it would be interesting to understand what opinion Portuguese workers have regarding this topic, how standards are complied with in their workplaces and what are the most effective techniques to achieve greater success in this context.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos Ao longo dos últimos anos a generalidade dos países foi desenvolvendo normas relativas à diminuição dos locais onde continua a ser possível fumar, nomeadamente em contexto laboral. Pretendeu-se com esta revisão resumir o que de mais recente se publicou sobre o tema. Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em abril de 2023 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo O Tabagismo Passivo é definido como fumo de "segunda mão" que engloba uma mistura complexa de poluentes, permanecendo na poeira das superfícies locais onde se fumou, constituída pelos produtos tabágicos originais e os componentes originários pela respiração do consumidor direto, eventualmente reagindo a outros agentes presentes. Estes podem permanecer nas superfícies inertes, por vezes, por meses e a transmissão pode ocorrer pelo simples toque. Alguns investigadores estimam que existam neste contexto cerca de 4000 agentes químicos, dos quais 250 são tóxicos e 50 são inclusivamente carcinogénicos. O tabaco é uma das causas preveníveis de morte mundialmente e fator de risco modificável, por mecanismos que abarcam o dano de DNA, inflamação e stress oxidativo. Ele implica custos de saúde e de diminuição da produtividade laboral, em função das patologias associadas, nomeadamente cardiovascular, respiratória, oncológica, obstétrica e infeciosa. Discussão e Conclusões Ao longo das últimas décadas verificou-se, globalmente, uma diminuição ao Tabagismo Passivo, devido à introdução de normas cada vez mais restritivas em relação aos locais onde ainda é permitido fumar, na sociedade em geral e, obviamente, em contexto de trabalho também. Os artigos selecionados não realçaram muito o seguinte detalhe mas, criando-se áreas onde é permitido fumar na empresa, estas devem minimizar a exposição de todos os trabalhadores, tabagistas e, sobretudo, não fumadores. Seria desejável que os países/instituições onde as normas são menos restritivas e/ou cumpridas, tal se alterasse, de forma a todos os trabalhadores terem um ambiente laboral seguro. Para além disso, seria interessante perceber qual a opinião que os trabalhadores portugueses têm em relação a este tema, de que forma as normas são cumpridas nos seus locais de trabalho e quais as técnicas mais eficazes para obter mais sucesso neste contexto.

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives Multiple Sclerosis has a reasonable prevalence and the diagnosis is generally made at working age, at a stage that is still demanding on a professional level, a time when there are also generally personal/family particularities that require some dedication. Furthermore, given the incidence, diversity and severity of the symptoms presented, limitations often arise that can seriously affect the ability to work or even lead to unemployment. It is then desirable that the members working in Occupational Health and Safety teams have some knowledge on the subject, in order to better guide their performance, safeguarding the interests of everyone involved. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in April 2023, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content It is a demyelinating and autoimmune disease of the Central Nervous System; it is characterized by recurrent and intermittent episodes of inflammation, with generally progressive destruction of axonal myelin. In most cases there is a cycle of relapses and remissions and symptoms of varying intensity; the evolution is unpredictable. Causes autonomic, visual, motor and sensory symptoms; which makes independent daily living and the ability to work difficult; sometimes becoming debilitating. It is incurable and neurodegenerative. The severity varies depending on the neurological areas most affected. The function of myelin is to facilitate conduction at the level of axons; with changes in this, the electrical impulses that coordinate mental and physical functions become less effective. As myelin deteriorates, it is replaced by scars of abnormal tissue, with different consistency (stiffness, plaques), which further disrupts conduction. Injuries to the frontal and parietal lobes often result in cognitive and emotional changes; in the spinal cord, problems arise more easily in the lower limbs. Changes in the optic nerve and occipital lobe can cause visual problems. This is the neurological desease that causes most limitations in the young adult active population. Given the reasonably young age at which symptoms begin, there will be a decrease in quality of life, more significant than in other chronic diseases. Discussion and Conclusions Although the bibliography is not scarce, the emphasis in the vast majority of articles is not on Occupational Health or Safety. It would be relevant for some teams working in large companies with some prevalence, to evaluate the cases in detail, describing the main problems detected, proposed measures and their subsequent evaluation, in order to publish not only the path, but also the conclusions obtained, for greater dissemination of the subject.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos A Esclerose Múltipla tem uma prevalência razoável e o diagnóstico faz-se geralmente em idade ativa, numa fase ainda exigente a nível profissional, altura essa onde geralmente também existem particularidades pessoais/familiares que necessitam de alguma dedicação. Para além disso, dada a incidência, diversidade e gravidade dos sintomas apresentados, com frequência surgem limitações que podem condicionar seriamente a capacidade de trabalho ou até levar ao desemprego. Será então desejável que os elementos a exercer em equipas de Saúde e Segurança Ocupacionais tenham alguns conhecimentos sobre o tema, de forma a melhor orientar o seu desempenho, salvaguardando os interesses de todos os envolvidos. Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em abril de 2023, nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo É uma doença desmielinizante e auto-imune do Sistema Nervoso Central; carateriza-se por episódios recorrentes e intermitentes de inflamação, com destruição de mielina axonal, geralmente progressiva. Na maioria dos casos existe um ciclo de relapsos e remissões e sintomas de intensidade oscilante; a evolução é imprevisível. Causa sintomas autonómicos, visuais, motores e sensoriais; o que dificulta a vida quotidiana independente e o trabalho, tornando-se por vezes debilitante. É incurável e neurodegenerativa. A gravidade varia com as áreas neurológicas mais atingidas. À medida que a mielina se detiora, ela é substituída por cicatrizes de tecido anormal, com diferente consistência (rigidez, placas), o que perturba ainda mais a condução. Lesões nos lóbulos frontal e parietal geralmente resultam em alterações cognitivas e emocionais; na espinal medula, mais facilmente surgem problemas nos membros inferiores. Alterações no nervo ótico e lobo occipital podem originar alterações visuais. Trata-se da doença neurológica que mais limitações causa na população ativa jovem adulta. Dada a idade razoavelmente jovem do início de sintomas, irá ocorrer diminuição da qualidade de vida, mais significativa que noutras doenças crónicas. Discussão e Conclusões Ainda que a bibliografia não seja escassa, a enfase da grande maioria dos artigos não é dada à Saúde ou Segurança Ocupacionais. Seria relevante que algumas equipas a exercer em empresas grandes e com alguma incidência, avaliassem com detalhe os casos, descrevendo os principais problemas detetados, medidas propostas e avaliação posterior das mesmas, de forma a publicar não só o caminho, mas também as conclusões obtidas, para maior divulgação do assunto.