ABSTRACT: Seventy-five pectinolytic strains collected from vegetables grown in the counties of Santarém, Belterra, and Mojuí dos Campos, located in the western region of the Pará State, Brazil, were studied according to their pathological and genetic variability. The strains were grouped in 5 clusters according to pathogenicity in potato, pepper, carrot, and onion, and 38 strains were selected for genetic analysis using rep-PCR. These strains were divided into 35 genetic groups according to rep-PCR at 70% similarity. These results indicated high pathological and genetic variability of the strains causing soft rot in vegetables in the western region of the Pará State, which will be used in etiological research and for the development and assessment of management techniques for the soft rot in vegetables in this region. ABSTRACT Seventyfive Seventy five Santarém Belterra Campos State Brazil potato pepper carrot onion 3 repPCR. repPCR rep PCR. PCR 70 similarity 7

RESUMO: Setenta e cinco isolados de bactérias pectinolíticas coletados de hortaliças cultivadas nos municípios de Santarém, Belterra e Mojuí dos Campos, região oeste do Estado do Pará, Brasil, foram estudadas de acordo com sua variabilidade patológica e genética. Os isolados foram agrupados em cinco grupos de acordo com a patogenicidade em batata, pimenta, cenoura e cebola, e 38 isolados foram selecionados para análise genética por rep-PCR. Esses isolados foram divididos em 35 grupos genéticos de acordo com rep-PCR a 70% de similaridade. Esses resultados indicaram alta variabilidade patológica e genética dos isolados causadores da podridão mole em hortaliças da região oeste do Pará, os quais serão utilizados em pesquisas etiológicas e para o desenvolvimento e avaliação de técnicas de manejo da podridão mole em hortaliças nesta região. RESUMO Santarém Campos Pará Brasil batata pimenta cebola 3 repPCR. repPCR rep PCR. PCR 70 similaridade 7

ABSTRACT The hidden hunger for Se in the world population is well known. As a strategy to address this issue, this study aimed to biofortify onion (Allium cepa L.), since it is a condiment vegetable consumed by different economic classes and is widely used in the food industry. To this end, Se doses (0, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 g ha-1) and application forms (soil and foliar) were evaluated on the biofortification of the bulb and crop yield. The Se source was sodium selenate. Via soil, Se was applied together with NPK fertilizer in the pre-transplantation of the seedlings. Via foliar application, Se was sprayed 77 d after seedlings were transplanted. The Se increased yield up to 99 g ha-1, which was 14.7% higher than the yield obtained in the crop not fertilized with Se. Foliar application of Se was more efficient than soil application in the biofortification of onion, although both were effective. With the dose that promoted the highest yield, the Se concentrations reached 0.487 and 0.317 mg Se kg-1 in onion dry mass, when the supply was made via foliar and soil applications, respectively. The increase in Se supply did not influence bulb quality, as demonstrated by the macro- and micronutrients content and pungency.

ABSTRACT The common climatic characteristics in semi-arid regions can cause abiotic stress and be a limiting factor for crops. Under these conditions, the use of beneficial elements such as selenium (Se) is an alternative to mitigate the harmful effects of abiotic stresses and increase yield. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of onion grown in a semi-arid region under the application of Se. A field experiment was performed in a randomized block design, where five doses of Se (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 g ha-1), by foliar application, were tested on two onion hybrids (Andrômeda and Rio das Antas). Growth, nutritional and yield variables were analyzed. Se increased the height and accumulation of dry mass in onion plants, with a maximum at the 60 g ha-1 dose of Se, the same dose at which the highest commercial (78.15 t ha-1) and total (86.03 t ha-1) bulb yields were obtained in Rio das Antas; however, for Andrômeda, there was no effect of Se on yield. Applied Se doses also increased the content of this element in the bulbs. Despite increasing bulb yields only in the Rio das Antas hybrid, 60 g ha-1 of Se is recommended for onions due to its effects on plant growth and the biofortification of bulbs with Se. semiarid semi arid crops conditions (Se Therefore design 0, 0 (0 15 30 45 6 ha1, ha1 ha 1 , Andrômeda Antas. . Antas) Growth analyzed plants ha- 78.15 7815 78 (78.1 86.03 8603 86 03 (86.0 however hybrid ( 3 4 78.1 781 7 (78. 86.0 860 8 (86. 78. (78 86. (86 (7 (8

RESUMO As características climáticas comuns em regiões semiáridas podem causar estresse abiótico e ser um fator limitante ao cultivo agrícola. Nessas condições, o uso de elementos benéficos como o selênio (Se) é uma alternativa para mitigar os efeitos deletérios dos estresses abióticos e aumentar a produtividade. Portanto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho agronômico da cebola cultivada em região semiárida sob aplicação de Se. Foi conduzido um experimento de campo, delineado em blocos casualizados completos, onde foram testadas cinco doses de Se (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 g ha-1), por aplicação foliar, em dois híbridos de cebola (Andrômeda e Rio das Antas). Foram analisadas variáveis de crescimento, nutricional e produtividade. O Se aumentou a altura e o acúmulo de massa seca em plantas de cebola, com máxima na dose 60 g ha-1 de Se, mesma dose em que foi obtida a maior produtividade comercial (78,15 t ha-1) e total (86,03 t ha-1) de bulbos em Rio das Antas, todavia, para Andrômeda, não ocorreu efeito do Se sobre a produtividade. As doses de Se também aumentaram o teor desse elemento nos bulbos. Apesar de aumentar a produtividade de bulbos apenas em Rio das Antas, recomenda-se a aplicação de 60 g ha-1 de Se em cebola devido aos efeitos no crescimento da planta e na biofortificação dos bulbos com Se. agrícola condições (Se Portanto campo completos 0, 0 (0 15 30 4 6 ha1, ha1 ha 1 , foliar Andrômeda Antas. Antas . Antas) ha- 78,15 7815 78 (78,1 86,03 8603 86 03 (86,0 todavia recomendase recomenda se ( 3 78,1 781 7 (78, 86,0 860 8 (86, 78, (78 86, (86 (7 (8

ABSTRACT: Several over-the-counter drugs are offered to patients, and they do not have information on the side effects due to their frequent consumption. This stimulated us to evaluate the antitoxicological effect of potato tocosh (Solanum tuberosum) compared to sulfamethoxasol-trimethopin in onion roots (Allium cepa). Rootlets of 3.0 cm were developed in 20 onion bulbs, which were sustained in four procedures: control (100 ml of distilled water), problem 1 (20 uL of tocosh), problem 2 (sulfamethoxasol-trimethoxasol 1%) and problem 3 (sulfamethoxasol-trimethopine 1% plus 20 uL of tocosh.). The Tjio and Levan staining technique was applied for cellular observation. Group 3 presented: clastogenic chromosomal anomalies: bridges (2.3%), multiple bridges (1.2%), chromosome in c-metaphase (0.5%) and aneugenic: sticky chromosome (1.1%) and yolk nuclear (1.3%) and without aberrations (99.6%) while the group that received antibiotic plus tocosh expressed a lack of chromosomal abnormalities. Under laboratory conditions, at a dose of 2uL of tocosh, the best antitoxicological effect was perceived in roots of Allium cepa which shows tocosh as an antitoxicological alternative to the toxic power of certain drugs.

RESUMEN: Varios fármacos de venta libre son ofrecidos a pacientes y no les alcanzan información de los efectos secundarios por su consumo frecuente. Ello estimuló a valorar el efecto antitoxicológico del tocosh de papa (Solanum tuberosum) frente al sulfametoxasol-trimetropina en raíces de cebolla (Allium cepa). Se desarrollaron raícillas de 3,0 cm en 20 bulbos de cebolla, las cuales se sostuvieron en cuatro procedimientos: testigo (100 ml de agua destilada), problema 1 (20 uL de tocosh), problema 2 (sulfametoxasol-trimetropina 1%) y problema 3 (sulfametoxasol-trimetropina 1% más 20 uL de tocosh.). Se aplicó la técnica de coloración de Tjio y Levan para la observación celular. El grupo 3 presentó: anomalías cromosómicas clastogénicas: puentes (2,3%), puentes múltiples (1,2%), cromosoma en c-metafase (0,5%) y aneugénicas: cromosoma pegajoso (1,1%) y yema nuclear (1,3%) y sin aberraciones (99,6%) mientras la agrupación que recibió antibiótico más tocosh expresó falta de anormalidades cromosómicas. En las condiciones de laboratorio, a una dosis de 2uL de tocosh se percibió el mejor efecto antitoxicológico en raicillas de Allium cepa lo cual muestra al tocosh como una alternativa antitoxicológica ante el poder tóxico de ciertos fármacos.

Abstract Alliaceae crops includes several species of agricultural importance for the Arequipa region, among them the onion is the most produced in the country, however, these crops are affected by phytoparasitic nematodes, including Meloidogyne spp. which causes significant losses in the yield. The aim of the present study was to characterise the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp) and determine the population density of phytoparasitic nematodes in alliaceae crops in the main producing localities of the Arequipa region. Samples of roots and soil were collected in onion, chinese onion, leek and chives crops in the provinces of Arequipa, Castilla, Caylloma and Islay. The identification of nematode genus was found by morphological characteristics and the characterization of Meloidogyne were performed by perineal patterns and electrophoretic pattern of esterase (Est). In the 38 soil samples, different genus of plant-parasitic nematodes was found: Aphelenchus, Dorylaimus, Helicotylenchus, Hemicycliophora, Meloidogyne, Mesocriconema, Mononchus, OGMA, Pratylenchus, Rotylenchus, Tylenchus, Xiphinema and free-living nematodes, in root samples, eight populations of Meloidogyne spp. were found. distributed among three species: (1) M. incognita phenotype Est I1, Rm: 1.0 with 33.33% of frequency and Est I2, Rm: 1.03, 1.07 (50%); (2) M. javanica Est J3, Rm: 1.03, 1.24, 1.37 (16.67%) and an atypical species named Meloidogyne sp. Rm: 0.85 (33.33%). The identification of genus and species phytoparasitic nematodes in alliaceae will allow the adoption of more efficient integrated management measures, because have a distinct parasitism behavior.

Resumen Cultivo de aliáceas comprenden diversas especies de importancia agrícola para la región Arequipa, entre ellas la cebolla es la de mayor producción en el país, sin embargo, estos cultivos son afectados por nematodos fitoparásitos entre ellas Meloidogyne spp. que ocasiona pérdidas significativas en la producción. El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar al nematodo de las agallas (Meloidogyne spp) y determinar la densidad poblacional de nematodos fitoparásitos en cultivos de aliáceas en las principales localidades productoras de la región Arequipa, se colectaron muestras de raíces y suelo de cultivos de cebolla, cebolla china, poro y cebollín en las provincias de Arequipa, Castilla, Caylloma e Islay. La identificación de los géneros de nematodos se hizo mediante características morfológicas y la caracterización de Meloidogyne se hizo mediante patrones perineales y por padrón electroforético de esterasa (Est). En las 38 muestras de suelo se encontraron doce géneros de nematodos fitoparásitos: Aphelenchus, Dorylaimus, Helicotylenchus, Hemicycliophora, Meloidogyne, Mesocriconema, Mononchus, OGMA, Pratylenchus, Rotylenchus, Tylenchus, Xiphinema y nematodos de vida libre, en muestras de raíces, se encontraron ocho poblaciones de Meloidogyne spp. distribuidas en tres especies: (1) M. incognita fenotipo Est I1, Rm: 1.0 con 33,33% de frecuencia y Est I2, Rm: 1.03, 1.07 (50%); (2) M. javanica Est J3, Rm: 1.03, 1.24, 1.37 (16,67%) y una especie atípica denominada Meloidogyne sp. Rm: 0.85 (33,33%). La identificación de géneros y especies de nematodos fitoparásitos en aliáceas, permitirá adoptar medidas de manejo integrado más eficientes, debido a que poseen un comportamiento de parasitismo distinto.

Abstract Land snails are a destructive agricultural pest in economic crops, but the populations for that pest are highly influenced by temperature and humidity, therefore climatic changes affected their behavior, distribution and population dynamics, for these reasons researchers should follow up on the changes in their behavior, distribution, and population dynamics. In this study, a survey study was conducted to define land snail species existing at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, from January 2019 to March 2022 in horticultural, vegetable, and field crops and study the population dynamics for the dominant land snail species. Results showed that there are six species of land snails, these species were, Monacha cartusiana, Succinea putris, Eobania vermiculata, Theba pisana, Helicella vestalis, and Cochlicella acuta. The population dynamics of two prevalent land snail species (M. cartusiana and S. putris), were conducted during two successive growing seasons, the Egyptian clover harbored the highest number of M. cartusiana followed by wheat, while the onion was the lowest one during the study period. In the same trends, the land snail S. putris recorded the highest numbers during the growing season of the Egyptian clover crop. Finally, it is concluded that the land snail M. cartusiana considered the first grade of infestation existed everywhere at Sharkia Governorate, and the population density of the land snail is increase gradually after winter till reach the maximum density in spring. humidity behavior Governorate Egypt 201 202 horticultural vegetable vermiculata pisana vestalis acuta M (M S , putris) seasons wheat period trends crop Finally spring 20 2

Resumo Os caracóis terrestres são pragas agrícolas destrutivas em cultivos econômicos, todavia, as populações dessa praga são altamente influenciadas pela temperatura e umidade, portanto as mudanças climáticas afetam seu comportamento, distribuição e dinâmica populacional, e, por essas razões, os pesquisadores devem acompanhar as mudanças em seu comportamento, distribuição e dinâmica populacional. O presente trabalho foi realizado para definir as espécies de caracóis terrestres existentes na província de Sharkia, no Egito, de janeiro de 2019 a março de 2022 em culturas hortícolas, vegetais e de campo, e estudar a dinâmica populacional das espécies dominantes de caracóis terrestres. Os resultados mostraram que existem seis espécies de caracóis terrestres, essas espécies foram Monacha cartusiana, Succinea putris, Eobania vermiculata, Theba pisana, Helicella vestalis e Cochlicella acuta. A dinâmica populacional de duas espécies predominantes de caracóis terrestres (M. cartusiana e S. putris), foi conduzida durante duas safras sucessivas, o trevo egípcio abrigou o maior número de M. cartusiana seguido pelo trigo, enquanto a cebola foi o menor durante o período de estudo. Seguindo as mesmas tendências, o caracol terrestre S. putris registrou os números mais altos durante a estação de crescimento da cultura do trevo egípcio. Finalmente, conclui-se que o caracol terrestre M. cartusiana, considerado o primeiro grau de infestação, está presente em toda a província de Sharkia, e a densidade populacional do caracol terrestre aumenta gradualmente após o inverno até atingir a densidade máxima na primavera. econômicos todavia umidade comportamento razões Sharkia Egito 201 202 hortícolas campo vermiculata pisana acuta M (M S , putris) sucessivas trigo estudo tendências Finalmente concluise conclui se infestação primavera 20 2

There are many stilts and industry, which discharge sewage, domestic garbage and industrial effluents in the Pouca Saúde River from the port environment of Santos, São Paulo (SP) State. However, ecotoxicological studies in this river are rare. In this study, we seek to fill this gap by analyzing physicochemical, toxicological, and chemical conditions. Surface water and sediment samples were collected at 2 sampling sites with riparian community activities and industrial activities in the summer, autumn, winter and spring. The parameters analyzed were pH, alkalinity, turbidity, salinity, oils, greases, dissolved oxygen (DO), toxicological and cytotoxicity with mitotic index (MI) of onion roots using Allium cepa roots, and concentration of Pb, Zn, Hg, Ni and Cd. Our results showed alterations in the DO, turbidity, oils/greases and reduction of MI when compared to the respective control. Ni and Zn in sediment samples presented concentrations exceeding levels occasionally associated with adverse biological effects “threshold effect level”. These results suggested that the water quality of the Pouca Saúde River is influenced by both presences of heavy metals contamination and the seasons, i.e. by the tide. Thus, the toxic potential monitoring carried out in this study is of paramount importance to this river. industry sewage Santos SP (SP State However rare physicochemical conditions summer autumn spring pH alkalinity turbidity salinity oils greases DO , (DO) (MI Pb Hg Cd oilsgreases control threshold level. level . level” seasons ie i e i.e tide Thus (DO

Abstract Onion is considered a major vegetable crops all over the world. In arid zones water deficit can affect the yield of crops such as onion. Through this research, four levels of irrigation were used (100% of the calculated crop evapotranspiration ET100, 80% of the calculated crop evapotranspiration ET80, 70% of the calculated crop evapotranspiration ET70, and 60% of the calculated crop evapotranspiration ET60) in combination with two levels of fertilization (100% of the recommended fertilization NPK100 and 75% of the recommended fertilization NPK75). The total yield (fresh weight) of each experimental unit were harvested, weighed, and then sorted into marketable and unmarketable and both the overall and the marketable water use efficiency were calculated. The results were statically analyzed using the ANOVA analysis and the means were compared using the Duncan LSD method. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was used to classify the treatments into clusters. Results used indicated that the water use efficiency of onion increase if a mild drought stress (85% of the calculated crop evapotranspiration) were exerted on the plants at 100% of the recommended fertilization level. The availability of fertilizers helps the plant manage the drought stress while keeping an adequate level of yield. The lack of fertilizers combined with the drought stress resulted in rapid decrease in the yield thus decreasing the water use efficiency. The recommended water deficit level under these circumstances would be 88.9% of the plant water requirements. world research 100 (100 ET100 ET 80 ET80 70 ET70 60 ET60 NPK NPK10 75 NPK75. NPK75 . NPK75) fresh weight harvested weighed method PCA (PCA clusters 85% 85 (85 889 88 9 88.9 requirements 10 (10 ET10 8 ET8 7 ET7 6 ET6 NPK1 NPK7 (8 88. 1 (1 ET1 (

Resumo A cebola é considerada uma das principais hortaliças em todo o mundo. Nas zonas áridas, o déficit hídrico pode afetar o rendimento de culturas como a cebola. Nesta pesquisa foram utilizados quatro níveis de irrigação (100% da evapotranspiração calculada da cultura ET100, 80% da evapotranspiração calculada da cultura ET80, 70% da evapotranspiração calculada da cultura ET70 e 60% da evapotranspiração calculada da cultura ET60) em combinação com dois níveis de adubação (100% da adubação recomendada NPK100 e 75% da adubação recomendada NPK75). A produção total (peso fresco) de cada unidade experimental foi colhida, pesada e, em seguida, classificada em comercializável e não comercializável e calculada a eficiência geral e a comercializável do uso da água. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente pela análise ANOVA, e as médias foram comparadas pelo método Duncan LSD. A Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA) foi utilizada para classificar os tratamentos em clusters. Os resultados utilizados indicaram que a eficiência do uso da água pela cebola aumenta se um leve estresse hídrico (85% da evapotranspiração calculada da cultura) for exercido sobre as plantas a 100% do nível de fertilização recomendado. A disponibilidade de fertilizantes ajuda a planta a gerir o estresse hídrico, mantendo um nível adequado de rendimento. A falta de fertilizantes, combinada com o estresse hídrico, resultou numa rápida diminuição do rendimento, diminuindo assim a eficiência do uso da água. O nível de déficit hídrico recomendado nestas circunstâncias seria de 88,9% das necessidades hídricas da planta. mundo áridas 100 (100 ET100 ET 80 ET80 70 ET7 60 ET60 NPK NPK10 75 NPK75. NPK75 . NPK75) peso fresco colhida seguida ANOVA LSD PCA (PCA clusters 85% 85 (85 889 88 9 88,9 10 (10 ET10 8 ET8 7 6 ET6 NPK1 NPK7 (8 88, 1 (1 ET1 (

The indiscriminate use of herbicides makes weeds resistant, increasing the demand for more efficient herbicides. Novel potential herbicides were prepared from sorbic acid, being 8 dienamides and 6 epoxides. Subsequently, phytotoxic activities of sorbic acid and 14 synthesized compounds were evaluated against sorghum, onion, cucumber, lettuce, and beggartick seeds. Furthermore, the protein target of the most active substance in plants was identified in silico. Among the tested compounds, (2E,4E)-N-(p-fluorophenyl)hexa-2,4-dienamide (2c), (2E,4E)-N -(o-naphthyl) hexa-2,4-dienamide (2d), (E)-N-methylphenyl-3-((2R,3R)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl)acrylamide (3b), (E)-N-bromophenyl-3-((2R,3R)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl)acrylamide (3e), and (E)-N-methoxyphenyl-3-((2R,3R)-3-methyloxiran-2-yl)acrylamide (3f) showed pronounced inhibitory activities, both of shoots and roots, making them candidates for promising herbicides. All compounds altered seed development, and compounds 2c, 2d, 3b, 3e, and 3f presented equal or superior results to the commercial control herbicide S-metolachlor. Docking studies suggest that enzyme mitogen-activated protein kinase can be the target of those compounds. resistant epoxides Subsequently 1 sorghum onion cucumber lettuce seeds Furthermore silico 2E,4ENpfluorophenylhexa2,4dienamide 2E4ENpfluorophenylhexa24dienamide EENpfluorophenylhexadienamide 2E,4E N p fluorophenyl hexa 2,4 dienamide 2E 4E 2 4 E 2c c , (2c) 2E,4EN 2E4EN EEN onaphthyl o naphthyl -(o-naphthyl hexa2,4dienamide hexa24dienamide hexadienamide 2d d (2d) ENmethylphenyl32R,3R3methyloxiran2ylacrylamide ENmethylphenyl32R3R3methyloxiran2ylacrylamide ENmethylphenylRRmethyloxiranylacrylamide methylphenyl 3 2R,3R methyloxiran yl acrylamide 2R 3R R 3b b (3b) ENbromophenyl32R,3R3methyloxiran2ylacrylamide ENbromophenyl32R3R3methyloxiran2ylacrylamide ENbromophenylRRmethyloxiranylacrylamide bromophenyl 3e e (3e) ENmethoxyphenyl32R,3R3methyloxiran2ylacrylamide ENmethoxyphenyl32R3R3methyloxiran2ylacrylamide ENmethoxyphenylRRmethyloxiranylacrylamide methoxyphenyl f (3f roots development Smetolachlor. Smetolachlor S metolachlor. metolachlor S-metolachlor mitogenactivated mitogen activated 4ENpfluorophenylhexa2 4dienamide ENpfluorophenylhexa 2E4E EE 24 2, (2c 4EN EN hexa2 (2d ENmethylphenyl32R 3R3methyloxiran2ylacrylamide ENmethylphenyl ylacrylamide 2R3R RR (3b ENbromophenyl32R ENbromophenyl (3e ENmethoxyphenyl32R ENmethoxyphenyl 4ENpfluorophenylhexa ENmethylphenylR Rmethyloxiranylacrylamide ENbromophenylR ENmethoxyphenylR

RESUMO: O estado de Santa Catarina é o maior produtor nacional de cebola. O consumo de cebola (Allium cepa) por animais domésticos pode causar anemia hemolítica, hiper-hemoglobinemia de corpúsculos de Heinz nos eritrócitos. Os dados epidemiológicos e o quadro clínico-patológico foram obtidos em visita à propriedade onde a enfermidade ocorreu. Um rebanho de 54 bovinos de corte de uma propriedade localizada no município de Bom Retiro/SC, foi colocado em uma lavoura de cebola, a qual não havia sido completamente colhida por estar fora do padrão desejado para o comércio. Os animais permaneceram por um período de oito dias nesta lavoura e, ao final deste período, todos apresentaram apatia, anorexia, urina e mucosas de coloração marrom e odor de cebola na expiração. As alterações macroscópicas observadas foram mucosas pálidas, sangue com viscosidade diminuída e aumento do tempo de coagulação, fígado com padrão lobular evidente e restos de cebola no rúmen. A carcaça exalava forte odor de cebola. Pela análise histológica havia, no fígado, necrose de coagulação centrolobular em ponte e nos rins havia gotas hialinas intracitoplasmáticas em células do epitélio tubular e depósito de material eosinofílico na luz de túbulos. Para o diagnóstico da intoxicação por cebola deve-se levar em conta principalmente os dados epidemiológicos associados aos sinais clínicos, como palidez de mucosas com evidências de pigmentação por hemoglobina (mucosa marrom) e hemoglobinúria. Este artigo parece ser o primeiro relato de intoxicação por cebola em bovinos no Brasil. RESUMO Allium cepa hemolítica hiperhemoglobinemia hiper hemoglobinemia eritrócitos clínicopatológico clínico patológico ocorreu 5 RetiroSC Retiro SC Retiro/SC comércio apatia anorexia expiração pálidas rúmen túbulos devese deve se clínicos mucosa hemoglobinúria Brasil

ABSTRACT: The state of Santa Catarina is the largest national producer of onions. The consumption of onion (Allium cepa) by domestic animals can cause hemolytic anemia and hyperhemoglobinemia of Heinz bodies in erythrocytes. The epidemiological data and the pathological clinical picture were obtained during a visit to the property where the disease occurred. A herd of 54 beef cattle from a property in the municipality of Bom Retiro/SC, was placed in an onion crop, which had not been completely harvested because it was outside the desired standard for trade. The animals remained in this field for eight days. At the end of this period, all of them presented apathy, anorexia, brown urine and mucous membranes and an onion odor on expiration. The macroscopic changes observed were pale mucous membranes, blood with decreased viscosity and increased clotting time, liver with an evident lobular pattern and remains of onion in the rumen. The carcass gave off a strong onion odor. By histological analysis, there was central lobular coagulation necrosis in bridging in the liver. In the kidneys, there were intracytoplasmic hyaline droplets in tubular epithelial cells and a deposit of eosinophilic material in the lumen of the tubules. For the diagnosis of onion poisoning, epidemiological data associated with clinical signs, such as pale mucous membranes with evidence of hemoglobin pigmentation (brown mucosa) and hemoglobinuria, should be taken into account. This article seems to be the first report of onion poisoning in cattle in Brazil. ABSTRACT onions Allium cepa erythrocytes occurred 5 RetiroSC Retiro SC Retiro/SC crop trade days period apathy anorexia expiration time rumen analysis kidneys tubules signs mucosa hemoglobinuria account Brazil

ABSTRACT Soil-to-plant metal(loid) accumulation has been highly evaluated recently due to its significant impact on human health. This study reports the concentrations of 15 metal(oid)s in four vegetables (tomato, onion, chili, and lettuce) cultivated in a greenhouse and three shade houses (two roofs of buildings and one in the UNAM Botanical Garden) in four locations in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. In this experiment, the contribution of metals and metalloids due to atmospheric deposition and irrigation may be negligible. Hence, the concentration of metals depends only on transfer from the soil. Soil analysis indicates that only vanadium in one location (a rooftop garden in the municipality of Venustiano Carranza) exceeds the permissible limits according to Mexican regulations. Lettuce shows the highest concentrations and transfer factors for most metals compared to the other vegetables studied. Transfer factors were exceptionally high for Cd (lettuce) and Hg (tomato), presenting values above 1. Concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were compared with limit values recommended by different international agencies for vegetables. It was observed that, except for As, these values are exceeded in various vegetables harvested in this study. This information must be corroborated with more detailed studies evaluating the chemical species in which those metal(oid)s are present and identify the physical and chemical parameters of the soil that may have interfered with the soil-plant transfer factor.

RESUMEN La acumulación de metales y metaloides del suelo a la planta ha sido extensamente evaluada en los últimos años por su impacto significativo en la salud humana. Este estudio reporta las concentraciones de 15 metales y metaloides en cuatro vegetales (tomate, cebolla, chile y lechuga) cultivados en un invernadero y tres casas de sombra (dos techos de edificios y otra en el Jardín Botánico de la UNAM), en cuatro localidades del área metropolitana de la Ciudad de México. En este experimento la contribución de metales y metaloides debida a la sedimentación atmosférica y el riego puede ser insignificante y se considera que la concentración de metales depende únicamente de la transferencia desde el suelo. El análisis del suelo indica que sólo el vanadio en la Alcaldía Venustiano Carranza excede los límites permisibles según las normas mexicanas. Para la mayoría de los metales, la lechuga muestra las concentraciones y factores de transferencia más altos en comparación con las otras hortalizas estudiadas. Los factores de transferencia fueron excepcionalmente altos para Cd (lechuga) y Hg (tomate), con valores > 1. Las concentraciones de As, Cd, Hg y Pb se compararon con los valores límite recomendados por diferentes organismos internacionales para hortalizas. A excepción del As, estos valores se superan en varios vegetales cosechados en este estudio. Esta información debe ser corroborada con estudios más detallados que evalúen las especies químicas en las que están presentes esos metaloides y se identifiquen los parámetros físicos y químicos del suelo que pudieron haber interferido en el factor de transferencia suelo-planta.

The purpose of the study was to calculate the effects of urban untreated wastewater irrigation on the heavy metals accumulation in vegetable samples consisting turnip (Brassica rapa), radish (Raphanus sativus), spinach (Spinacia olerácea), pumpkin (Cucúrbita moschata), cabbage (Brassica oleracea capitata), onion (Allium cepa), smooth luffa (Luffa aegyptiaca), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), vegetable gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) and carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus). This was accomplished by monitoring waste as well as fresh water-irrigated agricultural fields of Lakki Marwat, Pakistan. Flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS) was used to assess the concentrations of these heavy metals. The concentration of a total of six metals including iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) were detected and quantified in vegetable samples. Concentration of Pb was very low, while Fe concentration was higher in all the samples under investigation in the waste water-irrigated vegetables. The highest concentrations of Zn were observed in onion (441.3±2.7 mg.kg-1), and smooth luffa (293.1±0.5 mg.kg-1). Onion (361.95±2.3 mg.kg-1), turnip (292.15±5.6 mg.kg-1) and Spinach (280.25±4.8 mg.kg-1) showed exceedingly higher concentrations of Fe. Daily intakes of metals (DIM) were calculated for both adults as well as children. The DIM values for Ni and Cd exceeded the recommended value. The concentration of Fe and Zn was higher in wastewater-irrigated area samples as compared to fresh water-irrigated vegetables. The data obtained displayed a trend of heavy metal Fe>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cd>Pb. Our findings have demonstrated the accumulation of heavy metals in the vegetables irrigated by the wastewater as confirmed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Abstract Introduction. Implement type and tillage direction in favor of the slope have caused significant soil loss in horticultural soils. This problem has generated a loss of the most productive horizons and a detriment of the soil's physical properties. Objective. To determine the effect of the spader plow, rotary plow and rotavator on bulk density, porosity and aggregate stability in an Andisol soil under 2 non-continuous onion cycles in Tierra Blanca, Cartago. Materials and methods. The 3 implements were used in soil preparation for growing onion (Allium cepa L.). Evaluations were carried out on the pre-tillage of the first cycle, at the end of the first cycle, on the pre-tillage of the second cycle and at the end of the second cycle. The evaluated variables were bulk density, porosity and aggregate stability. Results. The soil during the fallow state presented a relatively high bulk density, low porosity and low aggregate stability. With tillage, bulk density decreased, porosity increase and aggregate stability improved during the different evaluation moments. Conclusion. The changes found are a consequence of the soil’s structural reorganization as a product of tillage after a fallow period.

Resumen Introducción. El tipo de implemento y la dirección de la labranza a favor de pendiente han ocasionado que en los suelos hortícolas se presente una importante pérdida de suelo. El problema ha generado una pérdida de los horizontes más productivos y detrimento de las propiedades físicas del suelo. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto que ejercen el palín mecánico, la rastra rotativa y el rotador, sobre la densidad aparente, porosidad y estabilidad de agregados de un suelo Andisol bajo 2 ciclos no continuos de cebolla en Tierra Blanca, Cartago. Materiales y métodos. Los 3 implementos fueron utilizados en la preparación del suelo para el cultivo de cebolla (Allium cepa L.). Se realizaron evaluaciones en la prelabranza del ciclo 1, al final del primer ciclo de cultivo, en la prelabranza del ciclo 2 y al final del segundo ciclo de cebolla. Se evaluaron las variables de densidad aparente, porosidad y estabilidad de agregados. Resultados. Se encontró que el suelo, durante el estado de barbecho, presentó una densidad aparente relativamente alta, con porosidad y estabilidad de agregados bajas. Con la labranza, disminuyó la densidad aparente, aumentó la porosidad del suelo e incrementó la estabilidad de agregados durante los diferentes momentos de evaluación. Conclusión. Los cambios encontrados son una consecuencia de la reorganización de la estructura del suelo, producto de la labranza, cuando se sale de un periodo de barbecho.

Abstract The need to know the water consumption of a crop during its vegetative period, be it annual or perennial, is fundamental due to the climate change underway, which manifests both a decrease in the amount of precipitation in different areas of our country and a concentration of this precipitation. In addition, it is necessary to be efficient and effective in the use of water resources for irrigation in agriculture, both in open and protected environments, and thus to strive for sustainable development. To achieve this, it is necessary to know the values of reference evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration and crop coefficient in order to estimate and project water applications through irrigation systems as close to reality as possible. For generations, crop coefficient values of a crop have been used independently of the mathematical method of estimating reference evapotranspiration without knowing whether or not there are differences in the results obtained in the estimated water consumptions. However, by means of mathematical methods for estimating reference evapotranspiration using data on relative humidity, temperature and solar radiation inside a greenhouse, a significant difference in crop coefficient values was found. The methodologies of Ivanov and Camargo did not show significant differences (0,05) with respect to the methodologies of Benavidez, Linacre, Hargreaves and Turc; the methodologies of Benavidez and Linacre presented significant differences (0,05) both among them and with respect to the methodologies of Ivanov, Camargo, Hargreaves and Turc; and Hargreaves and Turc did not present significant differences among them but significant differences (0,05) were found with respect to the methodologies of Ivanov, Camargo, Benavidez and Linacre.

Resumen La necesidad de conocer el consumo de agua que un cultivo tiene en el transcurso de su periodo vegetativo sea este anual o perenne, es fundamental debido al cambio climático en desarrollo el cual manifiesta tanto una baja en la cantidad de agua precipitada en diferentes zonas de nuestro país como una concentración de estas precipitaciones. Además, es necesario ser eficiente y eficaz en el uso del recurso hídrico para riego en la agricultura tanto en ambientes abiertos como protegidos y por medio de ello, procurar el desarrollo sostenible. Para lograr esto, es menester conocer los valores de evapotranspiración de referencia, evapotranspiración real y el coeficiente del cultivo con el fin de estimar y proyectar aplicaciones de agua por medio de sistemas de riego lo más ajustadas a la realidad posible. Por generaciones se ha utilizado valores del coeficiente del cultivo independientemente del método matemático de estimación de la evapotranspiración de referencia sin conocer si existen diferencias o no en los resultados obtenidos en los consumos de agua estimados. No obstante, por medio de métodos matemáticos de estimación de la evapotranspiración de referencia utilizando datos de la humedad relativa, temperatura y radiación solar dentro de un invernadero, se encontró diferencia significativa en los valores del coeficiente del cultivo. En las metodologías de Ivanov y Camargo no se encontró diferencia significativa entre ellos pero si se encontró diferencias significativas (0,05) con respecto a las metodologías de Benavidez, Linacre, Hargreaves y Turc; las metodologías de Benavidez y Linacre presentaron diferencias significativa (0,05) tanto entre ellos y como con respecto a las metodologías de Ivanov, Camargo, Hargreaves y Turc; y Hargreaves y Turc no presentaron diferencia significativa entre ellos pero si se encontró diferencias significativas (0,05) con respecto a las metodologías de Ivanov, Camargo, Benavidez y Linacre.

Resumen Introducción. Los trips (Thysanoptera) incluyen una diversidad de especies fitófagas que tienen un impacto sobre el desarrollo de plantas de interés agrícola. Objetivo. Identificar la especie y daños del trips asociado al cultivo de cebolla (Allium cepa L.) en la región del Arco Seco de Panamá. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó durante el periodo de diciembre de 2020 hasta abril de 2021, en dos localidades con producción de cebolla en el Arco Seco de Panamá. Se realizaron cincuenta muestreos de plantas de cebolla por localidad. Se identificó la especie de trips presente, el número de especímenes de trips por estadio capturados, porcentaje de plantas con daños y características de los daños encontrados. Resultados. La especie Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae: Panchaeothripinae) causó laceraciones, manchas y secado de hojas de cebolla en el 80 % de las muestras de las plantas provenientes de la localidad de El Ejido. De los especímenes capturados, el 47,69 % eran hembras, 46,30 % inmaduros y 6,02 % machos. Conclusión. Se registró por primera vez daños en cebolla causados por C. phaseoli en la república de Panamá. El conocimiento que se generó constituye el paso inicial para la vigilancia fitosanitaria de dicha plaga en el cultivo de cebolla.

Abstract Introduction. Thrips (Thysanoptera) encompass a variety of phytophagous species that have an impact on the development of agriculturally important plants. Objective. To identify the species and damage caused by thrips associated with onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivation in the Arco Seco region of Panama. Materials and methods. The study was carried out from December 2020 to April 2021 in two onion-producing locations in the Arco Seco region of Panama. Fifty onion plant samples were taken per location. The species of thrips present, the number of thrips specimens captured in each life stage, the percentage of plants with damage and the characteristics of the damage were identified. Results. The species Caliothrips phaseoli (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae: Panchaeothripinae) caused lacerations, spots, and leaf drying in 80 % of the onion plant samples from El Ejido locality. Among the captured specimens, 47.69 % were female, 46.30 % were immature, and 6.02 % were male. Conclusions. Damage to onions caused by C. phaseoli was recorded for the first time in the Republic of Panama. The knowledge generated represents the initial step for phytosanitary surveillance of this pest in onion cultivation.