Abstract Proper nutritional management is crucial for the development and production of cannabinoids in the cultivation of Cannabis sativa var. Cherry Oregon. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of five concentrations of Steiner nutrient solution on the phenology of medicinal hemp, and to determine the optimal dosage of the nutrient solution for cannabinoid content (cannabidiol [CBD] and tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]). Research was conducted at the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias [INIAP], Estación Experimental Santa Catalina [EESC], in Ecuador, under greenhouse conditions. Five concentrations of Steiner nutrient solution (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150%). Agronomic variables such as plant height, diameter at collar height, yield, and cannabinoid content in flowers were evaluated. Significant effects (p > 0,05) were used. Agronomic variables such as plant height, diameter at neck height, yield, and cannabinoid content in flowers were evaluated. Significant effects (p > 0.05) were observed in plant height and diameter at neck height. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) remained at concentrations lower than 1%. Concentrations at 75% and 100% of the nutrient solution showed higher levels of cannabidiol (CBD) with 15,3% and 15,15%, respectively. The nutrient solution at 125% and 100% concentrations promoted greater growth in plant height and diameter. The 125% concentration also produced the highest dry biomass yield with 810 g m-2 or 8,1 t ha-1, surpassing the other concentrations. It is concluded that the optimal concentration of Steiner solution was 125% for accumulation of dry biomass, and 75 and 100% for cannabinoid production in flowers (CBD), complying with current regulations (< 1% THC).

Resumen El adecuado manejo nutricional es crucial para el desarrollo y producción de cannabinoides en el cultivo de Cannabis sativa var. Cherry Oregon. Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo evaluar el efecto de cinco concentraciones de solución nutritiva Steiner en la fenología del cáñamo medicinal, y determinar la dosis óptima de la solución nutritiva para el contenido de cannabinoides (cannabidiol [CBD] y tetrahidrocannabinol [THC]). La investigación fue realizada en el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias [INIAP], Estación Experimental Santa Catalina [EESC], en Ecuador, en condiciones de invernadero. Se emplearon cinco concentraciones de solución nutritiva de Steiner (50, 75, 100, 125 y 150%). Se evaluaron variables agronómicas como altura de planta, diámetro a la altura del cuello, rendimiento y contenido de cannabinoides en las flores. Se observó efecto significativo (p > 0,05) en altura de planta y diámetro del cuello. El THC se mantuvo < 1%. Concentraciones al 75% y 100% de la solución nutritiva mostraron niveles superiores de CBD con 15,3 y 15,15%, respectivamente. La solución nutritiva al 125 y 100% promovieron un mayor crecimiento en altura y diámetro a la altura del cuello. La concentración al 125% también produjo mayor rendimiento de biomasa seca con 810 g m-2 o 8,10 t ha-1, superando al resto de concentraciones. Se concluye que la concentración óptima de solución Steiner fue de 125% para acumulación de biomasa seca, y del 75 y 100% para la producción de cannabinoides en flores (CBD), cumpliendo con las regulaciones vigentes (< 1% de THC).

BACKGROUND: The personal health behaviours and lifestyle habits of health professionals influence their counselling practices related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). There is limited evidence on the prevalence of modifiable NCD risk factors among medical students in South Africa (SA OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of modifiable behavioural and metabolic NCD risk factors in first-year medical students at a SA university METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study included 256 first-year students. Participants completed five online questionnaires regarding lifestyle behaviours (physical activity, dietary habits, smoking, alcohol consumption and sleep quality). NCD-related metabolic markers including body composition, blood pressure, total cholesterol and random glucose concentrations, were measured. The prevalence of risk factors was calculated using internationally accepted criteria, and sex differences were reported using one-way ANOVA or χ² test (p<0.05 RESULTS: The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 79.7%, followed by low-to-moderate diet quality (66.8%), low levels of physical activity (64.1%), overweight/ obesity (26.2%), current/past smoking (13.3%) and harmful use of alcohol (12.5%). Most (88.3%) participants had two or more NCD-related risk factors. The prevalence of multiple NCD risk factors differed significantly between male and female participants, with more male participants having >2 CONCLUSIONS: This study found that first-year medical students at a South African university have a high prevalence of lifestyle-related risk factors, specifically poor sleep quality, low levels of physical activity and low-to-moderate diet quality. Sleep hygiene, regular activity and good nutrition should be promoted, and interventions focusing on nutrition, smoking cessation and alcohol consumption could be targeted by sex

RESUMO No Brasil, o Serviço de Atenção Domiciliar do Sistema Único de Saúde, por meio do Programa Melhor em Casa, vem ampliando sua atuação para o cuidado de crianças e adolescentes, população cuja atenção nutricional é fundamental. O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever o panorama da atenção nutricional domiciliar para crianças e adolescentes acompanhados pelo Programa Melhor em Casa, nas diferentes regiões brasileiras. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com nutricionistas do Programa Melhor em Casa, que responderam a um formulário eletrônico com questões relativas ao perfil do profissional, da população pediátrica atendida e das condições oferecidas para o acompanhamento nutricional. Foram analisados 70 questionários de todas as regiões do país, com média de 7,6 pacientes pediátricos em acompanhamento por nutricionista, apresentando condições crônicas de saúde, dependência de tecnologia e alimentação via enteral do tipo artesanal e/ou industrializada, com diferenças regionais significativas quanto a este perfil. Mais de 70% dos profissionais responderam que o município possui programa de fornecimento de dieta enteral, porém nem todos os instrumentos para avaliação nutricional são oferecidos da mesma forma pelo Brasil. Os nutricionistas do Serviço de Atenção Domiciliar ainda encontram desafios e a sistematização do cuidado pediátrico no domicílio facilitaria a atenção nutricional à essa população.

ABSTRACT In Brazil, the Home Care Service of the Unified Health System, through the Better at Home Program, has been expanding its activities to care for children and adolescents, a population whose nutritional care is essential. The objective of this article was to describe the panorama of home nutritional care for children and adolescents followed by the Better at Home Program, in different Brazilian regions. This is a cross-sectional study with nutritionists from the Better at Home Program, who answered an electronic form with questions regarding the professional’s profile, the pediatric population served and the conditions offered for nutritional monitoring. Seventy questionnaires were analyzed from all regions of the country, with an average of 7.6 pediatric patients being monitored by each nutritionist, presenting chronic health conditions, dependence on technology and enteral feeding of the home-based and/or industrialized type, with significant regional differences regarding this profile. More than 70% of professionals responded that the city has an enteral diet supply program, but not all equipment for nutritional assessment is offered in the same way in Brazil. Home care nutritionists still face challenges and the systematization of pediatric care at home would facilitate nutritional care for this population.

RESUMO O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de modelo avaliativo da atenção nutricional para o enfrentamento da obesidade na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Utilizou como base o modelo proposto por Machado e Lacerda para avaliar a atenção nutricional. Foram analisados documentos oficiais e artigos científicos relacionados ao tema, além da consulta a um grupo de interessados que orientaram a elaboração do Modelo Teórico, Modelo Lógico e da Matriz de Análise e Julgamento. Para a validação do modelo avaliativo foi utilizada a técnica de conferência de consenso com 11 especialistas na área de nutrição e avaliação em saúde. A matriz é composta por vinte e quatro indicadores e sessenta medidas, organizadas em sete subdimensões e duas dimensões: Gestão e Assistência. O modelo avaliativo parte do pressuposto da responsabilidade da gestão municipal em fornecer condições estruturais e organizacionais necessárias para a execução das ações de Alimentação e Nutrição para o enfrentamento da obesidade de forma intersetorial, multiprofissional e interdisciplinar, seguindo os preceitos da Atenção Primária à Saúde abrangente.

ABSTRACT The article aims to propose an evaluative model for nutritional care to address obesity in Primary Health Care. It is based on the model proposed by Machado and Lacerda for evaluating Nutritional Care. Official documents and scientific articles related to the subject were analyzed, and input from a group of stakeholders guided the development of the Theoretical Model, Logical Model, and the Analysis and Judgment Matrix. To validate the evaluative model, a consensus conference technique was used, involving 11 experts in the fields of nutrition and health evaluation. The matrix consists of twenty-four indicators and sixty measures, organized into seven subdimensions and two dimensions: Management and Care. The evaluative model operates on the assumption that municipal management bears the responsibility of providing the necessary structural and organizational conditions for the implementation of nutrition and food-related actions to combat obesity in an intersectoral, multiprofessional, and interdisciplinary manner, following the principles of comprehensive Primary Health Care.

Abstract The Ministry of Health recommends a minimum appointment schedule in childcare to monitor growth and development. The objective was to analyze the adequacy of the minimum appointment schedule for children under 5 years of age, with at least one anthropometric follow-up registered with the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) between 2008 and 2020. The sample size comprised 23,453,620 children under the age of 5, and 103,773,311 records. The indicators analyzed were the average number of appointments and the adequacy of the last scheduled visit. In Brazil, the median number of appointments was three, which is lower than the recommended schedule. For children born after 2008, the adequacy of the last scheduled appointment was 11.8% with inequalities, lower in the North (5.7%) and higher in the South (22.5%). Comparing the federal units, Amapá and Roraima had the lowest frequencies, and Paraíba and Paraná the highest. The adequacy of the last scheduled appointment was higher among municipalities in the top fifth of GDP per capita. SISVAN reveals inequalities in access to health services; the highest level of adequacy with the minimum appointment schedule is in the South and Southeast regions.

Resumo O Ministério da Saúde propõe um calendário mínimo de consultas na assistência à criança para acompanhamento do crescimento e do desenvolvimento. O objetivo foi analisar a adequação ao calendário mínimo de consultas para crianças menores de 5 anos com pelo menos um acompanhamento antropométrico registrado no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN) no período de 2008 a 2020. Os indicadores analisados foram a mediana do número de consultas e a adequação da última consulta ao calendário. No Brasil, a mediana de consultas foi igual a três, inferior ao recomendado. Para crianças nascidas a partir de 2008, a adequação da última consulta ao calendário foi de 11,8% com desigualdades, menor na região Norte (5,7%) e maior na região Sul (22,5%). Comparando as unidades federativas, Amapá e Roraima apresentaram as menores frequências, e Paraíba e Paraná as maiores. A adequação da última consulta ao calendário foi maior entre os municípios do quinto mais elevado do PIB per capita. O SISVAN apresenta desigualdades no acesso aos serviços de saúde. A maior adequação ao calendário mínimo de consultas está nas regiões Sul e Sudeste.

Resumen El Ministerio de Salud brasileño propone un calendario mínimo de consultas de atención a los niños para acompañar el crecimiento y desarrollo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la adecuación del calendario mínimo de consultas para niños menores de 5 años con al menos un seguimiento antropométrico registrado en el Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional (SISVAN) brasileño de 2008 a 2020. Los indicadores analizados fueron la mediana del número de consultas y la adecuación de la última consulta al calendario. En Brasil, la mediana del número de consultas fue de tres, inferior a lo recomendado. Para los niños nacidos a partir de 2008, la adecuación de la última consulta al calendario fue del 11,8% con desigualdades, menores en la región Norte (5,7%) y mayores en la región Sur (22,5%). Comparando las unidades federativas, Amapá y Roraima tuvieron las frecuencias más bajas, y Paraíba y Paraná las más altas. La adecuación de la última consulta al calendario fue mayor entre los municipios con mayor quinta parte del PIB per cápita. SISVAN presenta desigualdades en el acceso a servicios de salud; la mayor adaptación al calendario mínimo de consultas ocurre en las regiones Sur y Sudeste.

Abstract The broiler industry supplies quality protein, which is in constant development. It seeks productive strategies that improve production, health, growth, and survival and reduce the poultry industry's diseases, stress, and long-term environmental impact. Broiler chickens are exposed to numerous microorganisms that alter production, and this is an opportunity for yeasts to promote the growth of organisms, stimulate the immune system, improve health, promote changes in intestinal structure, and inhibit pathogens. This review summarizes the current knowledge and effect of active yeast species on raising chickens, nutrition, immunity, digestibility, changes in intestinal structure, and pathogens on those organisms. Due to their nutritional value, active yeasts are used as natural and alternative ingredients in broiler chickens. They are a source of b-glucans, chitin, nucleic acids, mannan-oligosaccharides, b-carotene, and vitamins. Enzymes they produce improve intestinal maturity and digestion. The immune and antioxidant properties of yeasts play an essential role as probiotics and immunostimulants to enhance the resistance of broilers against common viral and bacterial diseases. Bioactive products generated by active yeasts can improve intestinal microbiota and positively alter the immune response, phagocytosis, encapsulation, etc. Different active yeast species and strains have been used and have generated exciting results. They are popular as beneficial candidates for nutrition by maintaining broiler chickens’ health's and well-being conditions. Future studies must understand the functioning and effect of species and strains on broiler chickens in their different processes, the use of new research tools (proteomics, radioisotopes, real-time molecular biology, etc.) can facilitate these studies.

Abstract This mini-review explores the potential of precision medicine and personalized nutrition in addressing health challenges faced by perimenopausal women, focusing on the role of genetic polymorphisms in key metabolic pathways. Specifically focus on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the COMT, FUT2, and MTHFR genes, which influence neurotransmitter metabolism, gut microbiota composition, and folate homeostasis, respectively. These polymorphisms are critical in modulating hormonal fluctuations, metabolic imbalances, and nutrient absorption during perimenopause. The review highlights the impact of COMT rs4680 on stress response and mood disorders, FUT2 rs602662 and rs601338 on vitamin B12 absorption and cortisol metabolism, and MTHFR rs1801133 and rs1801131 on homocysteine levels and cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, the integration of machine learning in precision medicine is discussed, offering insights into how genetic data can optimize personalized interventions. This approach enables targeted nutritional and therapeutic strategies to mitigate the metabolic and psychological effects of perimenopause. Overall, this review underscores the importance of incorporating genetic testing into preventive care for perimenopausal women to enhance quality of life and promote healthy aging.

Abstract Background A new formula for estimating small, dense, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) based on the results of the standard lipid panel is proposed. Objectives To assess the association between estimated sdLDL-C (EsdLDL-C) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Methods A total of 12,192 participants from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) database between 2010 and 2020 were included in this cross-sectional study. EsdLDL-C was calculated as EsdLDL-C= LDL-C - [1.43 × LDL-C - (0.14 × (ln (TG) × LDL-C)) - 8.99]. Logistic regression analyses were utilized to assess the association between EsdLDL-C and ASCVD risk. Subgroup analyses were performed based on age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, and diabetes. An odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used for evaluation. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Among 12,192 participants, 1,239 (10.16%) had ASCVD. The mean sdLDL-C of participants was estimated to be 42.43±14.75 mg/dL using the formula. Elevated EsdLDL-C levels (OR=1.33; 95%CI, 1.06-1.66) were associated with an increased risk of ASCVD. Subgroup analyses found that there may be an interaction between EsdLDL-C (Pinteraction= 0.001) or non-HDL-C (Pinteraction= 0.015) and hypertension on ASCVD risk. Conclusions Elevated estimated sdLDL-C levels were associated with the risk of ASCVD, and estimated sdLDL-C might be an alternative to sdLDL-C measurement for ASCVD risk assessment.

Resumo Fundamento Uma nova fórmula para estimar o colesterol de lipoproteínas pequenas, densas e de baixa densidade (sdLDL-C) com base nos resultados do painel lipídico padrão é proposto. Objetivos Para avaliar a associação entreestimado sdLDL-C (EsdLDL-C) e o risco de doença cardiovascular arterosclerótica (DCVA). Métodos Um total de 12.192 participantes do banco de dados do Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) entre 2010 e 2020 foram incluídos neste estudo transversal. EsdLDL-C foi calculada como EsdLDL-C = LDL-C- [1,43 × LDL-C - (0,14 × (ln (TG) × LDL-C)) - 8,99]. Análises de regressão logística foram utilizadas para avaliar a associação entre EsdLDL-C e risco de DCVA. As análises de subgrupos foram realizadas com base na idade, índice de massa corporal (IMC), hipertensão, e diabetes. Uma razão de possibilidades (OR) com um intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC) foi utilizado para avaliação. P<0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Entre 12.192 participantes, 1.239 (10,16%) tinham DCVA. A média de sdLDL-C dos participantes foi estimada em 42,43±14,75 mg/dL usando a fórmula. Níveis elevados de EsdLDL-C (OR=1,33; IC 95%, 1,06-1,66) foram associados a um aumento do risco de DCVA. As análises de subgrupos descobriram que pode haver uma interação entre EsdLDL-C (Pinteração=0,001) ou não-HDL-C (Pinteração=0,015) e hipertensão no risco de DCVA. Conclusões Níveis elevados estimados de sdLDL-C foram associados ao risco de DCVA, e o sdLDL-C estimado pode ser uma alternativa à medição do sdLDL-C para avaliação do risco de DCVA.

RESUMEN Introducción: la evaluación del modelo homeostático es una prueba muy cercana al estándar de oro (pinza euglucémica). Objetivo: entrenar una red neuronal tipo perceptrón multicapa para determinar el modelo homeostático de resistencia a la insulina. Metodología: estudio analítico y transversal. El aprendizaje de la red neuronal se realizó a partir de una base de datos de 2004 adultos venezolanos. Posteriormente se añadió 4363 adultos mexicanos de la base de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (ENSANUT). Las variables fueron modelo homeostático de resistencia a la insulina (HOMA2-IR), insulina basal, glucosa basal. Se empleó redes neuronales tipo perceptrón multicapa. Resultados: el entrenamiento del modelo de redes neuronales tuvo un error relativo de 0,003, mientras que en la prueba fue 0,005. Para HOMA2-IR cualitativo, el porcentaje de pronósticos incorrectos fue 0,60 % en el entrenamiento, y 0,70 % en la prueba. Después del aprendizaje del modelo, se añadió valores de insulina y glucosa basal de 4363 adultos mexicanos, observándose que los valores de HOMA2-IR generados mediante perceptrón multicapa mantuvieron la eficiencia del modelo, obteniéndose un coeficiente de determinación R2 de 0,983, lo que implica que el 98 % de la variación en los valores de HOMA2-IR pueden ser explicados mediante valores de HOMA2-IR obtenidos mediante perceptrón multicapa. Conclusiones: la red neuronal tipo perceptrón multicapa, da resultados virtualmente idénticos a los obtenidos mediante la calculadora HOMA2-IR. La implementación de este algoritmo puede ser beneficioso como herramienta de fácil implementación en los sistemas de atención primaria, especializada y en entornos hospitalarios.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the evaluation of the homeostatic model is a test very close to the gold standard (euglycemic clamp). Objective: train a multilayer perceptron-type neural network to determine the homeostatic model of insulin resistance. Methodology: analytical and cross-sectional study. The learning of the neural network was carried out from a database of 2004 Venezuelan adults. Subsequently, 4,363 Mexican adults were added to the database of the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT). The variables were homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), basal insulin, and basal glucose. Multilayer perceptron-type neural networks were used. Results: the training of the neural network model had a relative error of 0.003, while in the test it was 0.005. For qualitative HOMA2-IR, the percentage of incorrect predictions was 0.60 % in training, and 0.70 % in testing. After learning the model, insulin and basal glucose values from 4363 Mexican adults were added, observing that the HOMA2-IR values generated by multilayer perceptron maintained the efficiency of the model, obtaining a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.983, which implies that 98 % of the variation in HOMA2-IR values can be explained by HOMA2-IR values obtained using multilayer perceptron. Conclusions: the multilayer perceptron-type neural network gives results virtually identical to those obtained using the HOMA2-IR calculator. The implementation of this algorithm can be beneficial as a tool that is easy to implement in primary and specialized care systems and in hospital environments.

RESUMO: A placenta, apesar de ser um órgão temporário, é imprescindível para o desenvolvimento e sobrevivência do concepto. Durante a gestação, desempenha funções essenciais, como nutrição, proteção, circulação, excreção e secreção. Estudos em humanos já detalham medidas placentárias associando-as a desfechos perinatais e a doenças na vida adulta. No entanto, em cadelas, esses estudos ainda são limitados. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo revisar e unificar os principais estudos já publicados sobre a avaliação da placenta de cadelas. Embora diversas formas de avaliação placentária tenham sido descritas, mais estudos sobre este tema, sejam eles macroscópicos ou microscópicos, são necessários para otimizar e priorizar a pesquisa clínica imediata e a longo prazo sobre a condição da placenta e a sua influência sobre os neonatos caninos. RESUMO temporário concepto gestação essenciais nutrição proteção circulação secreção associandoas associando as adulta entanto cadelas limitados Portanto descritas tema microscópicos caninos

ABSTRACT: The placenta, despite being a temporary organ, is essential for the development and survival of the conceptus. During pregnancy, it performs essential functions, such as nutrition, protection, circulation, excretion, and secretion. Studies in humans already detail placental measurements, associating them with perinatal outcomes and diseases in adult life. However, in dogs, these studies are still limited. Therefore, this research aimed to review and unify the main studies already published on the evaluation of the placenta in bitches. Although, several forms of placental assessment have been described, more studies on this topic, whether macroscopic or microscopic, are needed to optimize and prioritize immediate and long-term clinical research into the condition of the placenta and its influence on canine neonates. ABSTRACT organ conceptus pregnancy functions nutrition protection circulation excretion secretion measurements life However dogs limited Therefore bitches Although described topic microscopic longterm long term neonates

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo primário desta revisão sistemática foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação com insulina enteral fornecida a recém-nascidos prematuros sobre o tempo para obtenção de dieta enteral plena. Os objetivos secundários incluíram avaliar os efeitos sobre o ganho de peso, a ocorrência de eventos adversos e a mortalidade. Fontes de dados: Uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), clinicaltrials.gov, Embase e Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (Lilacs). A revisão foi registrada na PROSPERO sob o CRD42024523021. Foram incluídos recém-nascidos prematuros em uso de dieta enteral e parenteral que receberam como intervenção leite materno ou fórmula láctea suplementada com insulina enteral, comparados com placebo. Após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, dois artigos foram selecionados para o presente estudo. Síntese dos dados: Os dois estudos incluídos nesta revisão identificaram redução do tempo para obtenção de dieta enteral plena. Com relação aos desfechos secundários, houve redução do número de dias recebendo nutrição parenteral e redução de eventos adversos e mortalidade. Porém, com relação ao ganho de peso não houve concordância entre os estudos. Conclusões: A insulina enteral parece ser um tratamento eficaz em reduzir o tempo para obtenção de dieta enteral plena. Porém, mais estudos são necessários para recomendar seu uso na prática clínica. Objetivo recémnascidos recém nascidos plena mortalidade PubMed SciELO, SciELO , (SciELO) clinicaltrialsgov clinicaltrials gov clinicaltrials.gov Lilacs. Lilacs . (Lilacs) CRD42024523021 CRD placebo elegibilidade estudo Porém Conclusões clínica (SciELO (Lilacs CRD4202452302 CRD420245230 CRD42024523 CRD4202452 CRD420245 CRD42024 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

ABSTRACT Objective: The primary objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of enteral insulin supplementation provided to premature newborns on the time to achieve full enteral feeding. Secondary objectives included evaluating the effects on weight gain, the occurrence of adverse events, and mortality. Data source: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was conducted using the databases PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), clinicaltrials.gov, Embase, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (Lilacs). The review was registered in PROSPERO under CRD42024523021. Premature newborns receiving enteral and parenteral nutrition who were given either breast milk or formula milk supplemented with enteral insulin as intervention, compared with placebo, were included. After applying the eligibility criteria, two articles were selected for this study. Data synthesis: The two studies included in this review identified a reduced time to achieve full enteral feeding. Regarding secondary outcomes, there was a reduction in the number of days receiving parenteral nutrition and a reduction in adverse events and mortality. However, there was no agreement among the studies concerning weight gain. Conclusions: Enteral insulin appears to be an effective treatment for reducing the time to achieve full enteral feeding. However, more studies are necessary to recommend its use in clinical practice. Objective feeding gain mortality source PubMed SciELO, SciELO , (SciELO) clinicaltrialsgov clinicaltrials gov clinicaltrials.gov Embase Lilacs. Lilacs . (Lilacs) CRD42024523021 CRD intervention placebo criteria study synthesis outcomes However Conclusions practice (SciELO (Lilacs CRD4202452302 CRD420245230 CRD42024523 CRD4202452 CRD420245 CRD42024 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da silagem de ração total de Megathyrsus maximus colhido com 70 cm de altura e concentrado no momento da silagem ou ração total de capim cortado a 70 cm, composta por Megathyrsus maximus colhido com 70 cm de altura (nos Exp. I e III) e silagem de ração total cortada a 130 cm, composta por Megathyrsus maximus colhido com 130 cm de altura e concentrado no momento da silagem ou ração total de Megathyrsus maximus colhido a 130 cm de altura (nos Exp. II e IV), sobre o metabolismo ruminal, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, e o desempenho e as características de carcaça de cordeiros confinados. Os resultados mostraram que TMRS70 aumentou o pH ruminal no Exp. I, e TMRS130 exibiu maior digestibilidade do extrato etéreo, concentração de propionato e menor razão acético/propionato e pH ruminal em comparação com TMR130 no Exp. II. Nos Exp. III e IV, não houve efeito significativo sobre o desempenho e a qualidade da carcaça. No entanto, no Exp. IV, TMRS130 levou a uma diminuição no consumo de matéria seca e no ganho médio diário, enquanto cordeiros alimentados com TMR130 mostraram uma maior área de olho de lombo. A ensilagem da ração total poderia ser usada como um método de conservação para gramíneas jovens (70 cm) sem prejudicar o desempenho, metabolismo, carcaças e qualidade da carne. No entanto, recomenda-se mais estudos avaliando a análise econômica da alimentação com ensilagem de ração total (70 cm) em vez de ração totalmente misturada como método de conservação de forragem. RESUMO 7 nos Exp 13 IV , IV) nutrientes confinados TMRS TMRS7 TMRS13 etéreo acéticopropionato acético TMR TMR13 entanto diário lombo (7 carne recomendase recomenda se forragem 1 TMRS1 TMR1 (

ABSTRACT: This study assessed the impact of total mixed ration silage of Megathyrsus maximus harvested with 70 cm composed of Megathyrsus maximus harvested at 70 cm in height and concentrate at the time of silage or total mixed ration of grass cut at 70 cm composed of Megathyrsus maximus harvested with 70 cm in height (in Exp. I and III) and total mixed ration silage cut at 130 cm composed of Megathyrsus maximus harvested 130 cm height and concentrate at the time of silage or total mixed ration of Megathyrsus maximus harvested with 130 cm composed of Megathyrsus maximus harvested at 130 cm height (in Exp. II and IV), on rumen metabolism, nutrient digestibility, and the performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot lambs. The results showed that TMRS70 increased ruminal pH in Exp. I and TMRS130 exhibited higher ether extract digestibility, propionic concentration, and lower acetic to propionic ratio and ruminal pH compared to TMR130 in Exp. II. In Exp. III and IV, there was no significant effect on the performance and quality of the carcass. However, in Exp. IV, TMRS130 led to decreased dry matter intake and average daily gain, while lambs fed with TMR130 showed a higher rib-eye area. Total ration ensilage could be used as a conservation method for young grasses (70 cm) without impairing performance, metabolism, carcasses, and meat quality. However, further research is recommended to evaluate the economic analysis of feeding total ration ensilage (70 cm) instead of total mixed ration as a forage conservation method. ABSTRACT 7 Exp 13 IV , IV) metabolism digestibility TMRS TMRS7 TMRS13 concentration TMR TMR13 However gain ribeye rib eye area (7 carcasses 1 TMRS1 TMR1 (

The poultry gastrointestinal microbiome consists of more than 900 bacterial species and their metabolites; it serves as an indicator of bird health and is influenced by nutrition, medication, and other factors. Dysbiosis is a form of reduced microbial diversity, characterised by the loss of beneficial microbes, the expansion of opportunistic microbes, and the disruption of tight junctions, as well as raised pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and interleukin-17), tumour necrosis factor-α, and Enterobacteriaceae, and decreased short-chain fatty acids. Dysbiosis leads to various disorders, including liver disorders, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, and neurological problems. It also impacts several bodily systems, such as the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, the gut-liver axis (liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, autoimmune liver disease, and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease), the gut-lung axis (pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), the gut-microbiota axis (irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and constipation or stool hardness), and the gut-islet axis (hypertension, hyperglycaemia, diabetes, and hypercreatinaemia syndrome). Many factors, including medications (antibiotics, anti-tumour, and immunosuppressants), environmental pollutants (heavy metals, pesticides, microplastics, and atmospheric particulates), high levels of nutrients (protein, fat, salt, and sugar), and others (age, disease, habits, and genes), cause and enable gastrointestinal dysbiosis to develop. Nutritional strategies such as the administration of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, or phytogenic feed additives, and the consumption of a high-quality, balanced diet, as well as early detection of gut health malfunction and an emphasis on increasing bird resilience, can reduce the risk of dysbiosis, modify the gut microbial balance, and make microbial eubiosis possible.

Em 2021, a Política Distrital de Alimentação e Nutrição foi homologada com o objetivo de melhorar a alimentação, a nutrição e a saúde da população do Distrito Federal. Este estudo avalia a percepção dos profissionais de saúde do Grupo de Trabalho (GT) envolvidos na formulação da normativa sobre as ações necessárias para sua implementação. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, que analisou respostas de 11 nutricionistas do GT a um questionário. O corpus textual foi submetido a análise de conteúdo com apoio do software IRAMUTEQ. Os resultados destacaram a necessidade de apoio da gestão, de recursos financeiros e humanos, além da atuação intersetorial. O controle social foi apontado como limitante para a instituição eficiente da política. Assim, a visão do GT permitiu identificar as prioridades que servirão de base para apoiar a implementação de melhorias concretas na política de alimentação e nutrição.

En 2021, se homologó la Política Distrital de Alimentación y Nutrición con el objetivo de mejorar la alimentación, la nutrición y la salud de la población del Distrito Federal. Este estudio evalúa la percepción de los profesionales de salud del Grupo de Trabajo (GT) involucrados en la formulación de la normativa sobre las acciones necesarias para su implementación. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria y cualitativa que analizó las respuestas de 11 nutricionistas del GT a un cuestionario. El corpus textual se sometió al análisis de contenido, con apoyo del software IRAMUTEQ. Los resultados subrayaron la necesidad de apoyo de la gestión, de recursos financieros y humanos, además de la actuación intersectorial. El control social se señaló como limitador para la implementación eficiente de la política. Siendo así, la visión del GT permitió identificar las prioridades que servirán de base para dar apoyo a la implementación de mejoras concretas en la política de alimentación y nutrición.

The District Food and Nutrition Policy was approved in 2021 with the aim of improving the food, nutrition and health of the population of the Federal District (Brazil’s capital). This study evaluates the perception of the health professionals of the Working Group (WG) involved in the formulation of the policy on the actions necessary for its implementation. This is an exploratory, qualitative study which analyzed the responses of 11 nutritionists from the WG to a questionnaire. The textual corpus was submitted to content analysis using the IRAMUTEQ software. Results highlighted the need for management support, financial and human resources, as well as intersectoral action. Social control was pointed out as a limiting factor in the efficient implementation of the policy. Thus, the WG's vision made it possible to identify priorities that will serve as a basis for supporting the implementation of concrete improvements in food and nutrition policy.

O número e a participação de domicílios rurais com membros praticando atividades não agrícolas tem crescido aceleradamente na Amazônia. Este artigo analisa as diferenças nos níveis de segurança alimentar e nutricional entre pequenos estabelecimentos rurais que se dedicam exclusivamente à atividade agrícola (não pluriativos) e aqueles que se dedicam simultaneamente a atividades agrícolas e não agrícolas (pluriativos) na Amazônia. A pesquisa utiliza dados dos suplementos de segurança alimentar da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) dos anos de 2004, 2009 e 2013. A classificação da segurança alimentar baseia-se na Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA). Aplica-se um método de decomposição para quantificar as diferenças na ocorrência de segurança alimentar entre os dois grupos de estabelecimentos atribuídas às suas características socioeconômicas, como renda e escolaridade, e a fatores não observáveis, como acesso a alimentos de qualidade. Os resultados destacam que os estabelecimentos pluriativos apresentam níveis mais elevados de segurança alimentar e que os principais fatores explicando essa diferença estão associados à renda e à escolaridade da pessoa responsável. A discussão final destaca a importância da pluriatividade e de políticas de desenvolvimento rural como estratégias para promover a segurança alimentar na Amazônia.

Hubo un rápido aumento de la participación de miembros de hogares rurales en actividades no agrícolas en la Amazonía. Este artículo analiza las diferencias en los niveles de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional entre los pequeños establecimientos rurales dedicados exclusivamente a la actividad agrícola (no pluriativos) frente a los que se dedican simultáneamente a actividades agrícolas y no agrícolas (pluriativos) en la Amazonía. Se utilizaron datos de los suplementos de seguridad alimentaria de la Encuesta Nacional por Muestra de Domicilios (PNAD, por su sigla en Portugués), para los años 2004, 2009 y 2013. La clasificación de seguridad alimentaria se basó en la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria (EBIA). Se aplicó un método de descomposición para cuantificar las diferencias en la ocurrencia de la seguridad alimentaria entre los dos grupos de establecimientos en cuanto a características socioeconómicas, como ingresos y nivel educativo, y a factores no observables, como acceso a alimentos de calidad. Los resultados destacaron que los establecimientos pluriativos presentaron mayores niveles de seguridad alimentaria y que los principales factores que explican esta diferencia están asociados a ingresos y nivel educativo del responsable. Se destaca la importancia de las políticas de pluriactividad y desarrollo rural como estrategias para promover la seguridad alimentaria en la Amazonía.

The number and share of rural households whose members conduct non-agricultural activities has grown rapidly in the Amazon. This article analyzes the differences in food and nutrition security levels between small rural establishments dedicated exclusively to agricultural activities (non-pluriactive) versus those dedicated simultaneously to agricultural and non-agricultural activities (pluriactive) in the Amazon. The research uses data from the food security supplements of the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD, acronym in Portuguese) for 2004, 2009 and 2013. The food security classification is based on the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA, acronym in Portuguese). A decomposition method was applied to quantify the differences in the occurrence of food security between the two groups of establishments attributed to their socioeconomic characteristics - such as income and education - and to unobservable factors - such as access to quality food. The results show higher food security levels for pluriactive establishments, with the main factors explaining this difference being associated with household head income and education. The final discussion demonstrates the importance of pluriactivity and rural development policies as strategies to promote food security in the Amazon.