Two poly(acrylic acid-b-acrylamide) copolymers, and a poly(acrylic acid) homopolymer were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and tested for nickel removal from aqueous media. RAFT was used for better interchain composition homogeneity and to facilitate the synthesis of the block copolymers. Liquid-phase polymer-based retention (LPR) was used to compare the nickel binding capacity. Uptake tests were carried out at pH 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0. Nickel adsorption isotherms in the range of 1 to 7 mmol L−1 were achieved and the Langmuir adsorption model was applied. Maximum binding capacity (Qm) of Ni2+ at 298 K depended on the composition of the copolymers and pH. The polyacid block (PAA) was the major structural feature responsible for high values of nickel binding. All materials presented better uptake at higher pH, probably due to polyacid deprotonation and the increase in the electrostatic interactions. Up to approximately 100 mg of nickel per gram of homopolymer could be retained at pH = 5.0. Even though the presence of a poly(acrylamide) block decreases the binding capacity compared to PAA, that block has a specific contribution to nickel binding and can also provide better features to the material as better solubilization, and others. polyacrylic poly acrylic acidbacrylamide acid b acrylamide acid-b-acrylamide additionfragmentation addition fragmentation (RAFT media Liquidphase Liquid phase polymerbased polymer based LPR (LPR 30 3 0 3.0 40 4 4.0 50 5 5.0 L1 L L− applied Qm (Qm Ni2 Ni 29 PAA (PAA interactions 10 polyacrylamide poly(acrylamide solubilization others 3. 4. 5. 2

Catalysts based on Ni-Me (Me = Co, Nb) supported on γ-Al2O3 were prepared by the coprecipitation-chemical deposition method via reflux, and hydrothermal method for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. For coprecipitation method, ammonia and urea were used as precipitating agents. In both methods, the Ni content was 30 wt.%, whereas that of Me (Co, Ni) was 5 wt.%. The activity and selectivity towards ethylene appeared to depend strongly on the composition of the catalysts and, interestingly, on the preparation conditions. In the present article, it is shown that mixed hydrothermal samples using urea showed the best performance. Specifically, the hydrothermally prepared NiNb/γ-Al2O3 sample was the one that showed the highest values. The introduction of Nb to Ni framework allowed to enrich with nucleophilic oxygen sites displayed via X-ray photoelectronic spectra (XPS) which lead to the formation of low reducible and selective sites. NiMe Co γAl2O3 γAlO γ Al2O3 Al O γ-Al2O coprecipitationchemical chemical reflux ethane agents methods 3 wt wt.% (Co interestingly conditions article performance Specifically NiNb/γAl2O3 NiNbγAl2O3 NiNbγAlO NiNb/γ NiNb NiNb/γ-Al2O values Xray X ray XPS (XPS γAl γAl2O AlO Al2O wt. NiNb/γAl2O NiNbγAl NiNbγAl2O NiNbγ

Summary: Biofortification is a process that increases the nutrient content in plants’ edible parts. The objective was to determine the effect of iron chelate and iron sulfathe applied through foliar and edaphic methods on the mineral, nutritional, and bioactive compound content of the Verdin bean grain. Foliar doses of 0, 25, 50 and 100 mM of iron chelate and edaphic doses of 0, 0.25 and 0.50 g per plant of iron sulfate were applied, which generated 12 treatments that were evaluated in a randomized block design in 4×3 factorial arrangement where the first factor was the foliar doses, and the second factor was the edaphic doses. The content of iron, zinc, manganese, nickel, calcium and potassium, ash, proteins, fats, fiber, total phenols, flavonoid, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity were determined in the grain. The individual applications of foliar and edaphic iron had significant effects (P ≤ 0.05), with the edaphic dose of 0.50 g presenting the greatest increases in iron (17.38%), nickel (20.69%), protein (10.93%), crude fiber (5.82%) and antioxidant capacity (2.84%) regarding doses without edaphic iron. The simultaneous application of edaphic and foliar iron showed statistical differences (P ≤ 0.05), presenting the greatest increase in iron (75.91%), nickel (30.61%), ash (114.69%), protein (18.14%) and crude fiber (15.34%) with the 100 mM foliar - 0.50 g edaphic combination regarding to the combination without iron. For individual and simultaneous iron applications, it was observed that increasing the foliar and edaphic doses had antagonistic effects on the zinc and fat content. The application of iron can be beneficial to increase the mineral and nutritional content, and some bioactive compounds, but care must be taken to minimize the negative effects on other nutrients and properties of the grain.

Resumen: La biofortificación es el proceso por medio del cual se puede incrementar el contenido de nutrientes en la parte comestible de las plantas cultivadas. El objetivo fue determinar el efecto del quelato y sulfato de hierro aplicado de forma foliar y edáfica en el contenido mineral, nutricional, y compuestos bioactivos del grano de frijol variedad Verdín. Se aplicaron las dosis de 0, 25, 50 y 100 mM de quelato de hierro foliar y dosis de 0, 0.25 y 0.50 g por planta de sulfato de hierro edáfico, lo que origino 12 tratamientos que se evaluaron bajo un diseño de bloques al azar en arreglo factorial 4×3 donde el primer factor fueron las dosis foliares y el segundo factor las dosis edáficas. En el grano se determinó el contenido de hierro, zinc, manganeso, níquel, calcio, potasio, cenizas, proteínas, grasas, fibra, fenoles totales, flavonoides, antocianinas y capacidad antioxidante. Las aplicaciones individuales de hierro edáfico y foliar tuvieron efectos significativos (P < 0.0001), presentando la aplicación edáfica de 0.50 g de hierro los mayores incrementos de 17.38%, 20.69%, 10.93%, 5.82% y 2.84% del contenido de hierro, níquel, proteína, fibra cruda y capacidad antioxidante con respecto a la dosis sin hierro edáfico. Pero se observaron efectos antagónicos en el contenido de zinc y grasas al incrementar la dosis de hierro. La aplicación simultánea de hierro edáfico y foliar presentó diferencias estadísticas (P ≤ 0.05), presentando el mayor incremento de hierro (75.91%), níquel (30.61%), cenizas (114.69%), proteína (18.14%) y fibra cruda (15.34%) la aplicación de 100 mM foliar y 0.50 g edáfico con respecto a la combinación sin hierro. La aplicación combinada de hierro puede ser benéfica para aumentar el contenido mineral, nutricional y algunos compuestos bioactivos; pero se debe tener cuidado para minimizar los efectos negativos en otros nutrientes y propiedades del grano.

RESUMEN Se determinaron los contenidos de cromo en las espinelas cromíferas del yacimiento laterítico Camarioca Norte. Se utilizó la espectroscopía de emisión atómica con fusión inductiva, modelo Spectro ARCOS con modo de observación radial y la fluorescencia de rayos X. La evaluación realizada de la base de datos de exploración en el yacimiento Camarioca Norte permitió revelar que las espinelas cromíferas presentan una distribución uniforme en todos los horizontes de la corteza laterítica. Los mayores valores de cromo (1,85 % en peso) se localizan en los horizontes 1, 2 y 4 del perfil laterítico. Entre los elementos pesados reportados, el cromo presenta los mayores valores en porcentaje en peso, en relación con el níquel y el cobalto en la corteza laterítica. El análisis granulométrico de la mineralización cromífera indicó que el 95,0% del volumen de las muestras se corresponde con la fracción menor que 0,84 mm en la que se determinó un contenido de cromo de 3,49 %, dos veces superior al valor promedio de la fracción menor de 0,84 mm en la mena laterítca que ingresa al proceso metalúrgico de lixiviación ácida a presión. Se aprecia que los contenidos de cromo son significativos en la corteza laterítica del yacimiento Camarioca Norte.

ABSTRACT The chromium contents of chromiferous spinels from Camarioca Norte lateritic deposit were determined. For this purpose the inductive fusion atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and Spectro ARCOS model with radial observation mode and X-ray fluorescence were used as well as (XRF, AxiosmAX Minerals Minerals). Assessment of the exploring database at Camarioca Norte deposit shows that chromiferous spinels have a uniform distribution in all lateritic crust horizons. The highest chromium values (1,85 % by weight) are found in horizons 1, 2 and 4 of the lateritic profile. Among the heavy elements reported, chromium has the highest values in percent by weight, relative to nickel and cobalt in the lateritic crust. Granulometric analysis of chromiferous mineralization indicates that 95,0 % of the sample volume corresponds to the fraction less than 0,84 mm in which a chromium content of 3,49 % was determined, twice the average value of the fraction less than 0,84 mm in lateritic ore entering the metallurgical process of acid pressure leaching. In addition, it is appreciated that the chromium contents are significant in the lateritic crust of the Camarioca Norte deposit.

Geotechnical engineers are routinely tasked with advising suitable stand-off distances below high-risk sections of slopes in open-pit mines that are identified to have potential to deform or collapse. Accurate prediction of failed material runout can mean the difference between continuous safe mining and unwanted high-potential incidents that result in loss of production, equipment damage, injury, or loss of life. This paper updates previous empirical relationships presented by the authors for estimating the volume and runout distance of excavated slope failures, in an open-pit mine operation, using slope geometry as the primary predictor. Cases are sourced from varying slope geometries (fall heights up to 385 m, slope angles up to 80°) and a range of commodities (iron ore, coal, nickel, gold, copper, boron, and limestone), excavated in sedimentary, banded-sedimentary, epithermal, and copper-porphyry deposits, across all six inhabited continents. Analysis of these cases identified positive correlations between slope height and runout distance, and slope height and failed material volume. In general, negative correlations were identified between Fahrböschung angle and slope height, and Fahrböschung angle and failed material volume; however, significant scatter is observed in these datasets. A definitive relationship could not be derived comparing Fahrböschung angle with failed material runout. Slope angle was also found to be a poor indicator of runout. Of the parameters analysed, slope height (i.e., fall height) was found to be the simplest and best predictor of runout distance. This paper presents new charts for predicting failed material runout distance for rock slopes. Relationships are defined for structurally and rock-mass driven slope failure mechanisms at average, 75%, and 95% prediction intervals.

The BCL furnace is scheduled to restart operations after being placed on care and maintenance in 2016 due to depressed nickel prices. The decision to start operations after such a stoppage ought to be led by a techno-economic evaluation of process options to make operations more resilient. For BCL, the decision lies between using the existing flash-smelting furnace (FSF) or a top-submerged lance (TSL) furnace. Available studies show that the FSF combined with other converting technologies is cheaper to operate; however, such studies are based on flowsheet simulation results of single copper concentrates and therefore do not provide a full scope of practical capabilities based on smelter operator skills. Using a t-test on normalized prior operational data from three Cu FSF and two Cu TSL, it was found that the only statistical differences between the operating costs of the FSF and TSL technologies are in the coal use for heating the feed blow and number of rebuilds: the FSF consumes coal to heat the feed blow and the TSL requires 2.4 rebuilds during a course of a single FSF campaign. A summative operating cost comparison over the existing BCL FSF 11-year life shows that BCL can decrease operational costs by some BWP 55.5 million if the operation were to change to the newer TSL technology. The savings derive from reduced coal use, which is normally associated with heating the blow when using the FSF. Despite the TSL carrying added costs of 2.4 rebuilds during a life time of one FSF furnace campaign, the cost associated with the TSL rebuilds of approximately BWP 1.3 million is minimal compared with the overall operational expenditure decrease that BCL will incur on using the TSL technology. In terms of the technology, BCL can have higher Ni-Cu recoveries at lower operational costs by elimination of Ni-Cu losses and eliminating the slag-cleaning furnace by converting to a TSL furnace.

Pesticide residues and heavy metal content of cassava, yam, cocoyam, potato, water yam and carrot were evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The detected pesticide residues in the samples were 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, glyphosate, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorobiphenyl, aldrin, endosulfan, profenofos, g-chlordane, carbofuran, biphenyl, heptachlor, lindane and t-Nonachlor. The concentration of HCB ranged between 0.0799 ± 0.06 mg/kg and 0.1596 ± 0.00 mg/kg, which was greater than the permitted maximum limit of 0.5 mg/kg established by the US Environmental Protection Agency. The concentration of aldrin and profenofos detected was lower than the predetermined maximum allowed limits. Endosulfan concentrations in cocoyam (0.2500 mg/kg) and potato (0.3265 mg/kg) were higher than the limits allowed by the Canadian Department of Industrial Research. The heavy metals detected in these samples include cobalt, nickel, lead, manganese, chromium, arsenic and mercury in at least one of the samples evaluated. There was not much difference between the concentration of cobalt in yam (0.036 mg/kg) and the maximum allowed concentration (0.043 mg/kg). Lead was detected in potatoes and carrots but was below detectable concentration in cassava, yam, cocoyam and water yam. Similarly, cocoyam was found to have a significant mercury content (0.658 mg/kg), but mercury content was below detectable concentrations in cassava, yam and water yam. SIGNIFICANCE: Heavy metal pollutants and pesticide residues can impair human health, and their presence in food can cause various illnesses and health issues. It is important to prevent exposure to these contaminants and ensure that food is safe by identifying and monitoring them. Farmers may provide consumers with more assurance that their products are safe by identifying and monitoring pesticide residues and heavy metal contamination in these food crops. Overall, it is crucial to find and monitor pesticide residues and heavy metal contamination in food to safeguard customer confidence, ensure legal compliance and preserve human health.

ABSTRACT Interlaboratory comparison provides experimental evidence on the lab continuous performance to realize specific tests. In this work, uncertainty of measurements and the interlaboratory error for the chemical analysis of cobalt and iron was determined in paired samples of nickel sulfide (NiS) and sintered nickel oxide (NiO), using the least-squares linear regression. The analytical determinations were made by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) with the participation of two laboratories of the corporative group for the production of nickel in Cuba. The assumptions of the linear regression model were verified using the Durbin-Watson statistic, homoscedasticity and normality test. The uncertainty in the slope (Sm), in the intercept (Sb) and the standard deviation of the measurement (Sy) were determined. As a result, the uncertainty (Sx0) associated with the expected value (x0) and error (ξ) in cobalt determination was Sx0 = 0,3 % and ξ = ( 0,60 % in Nickel Sulfide (NiS), and Sx0 = 0,03 % and ξ = ( 0,05 % in Nickel Oxide (NiO). As for iron determination, it was obtained Sx0 = 0,16 % and ξ = ( 0,32 % in NiS, and Sx0 = 0,05 % and ξ = ( 0,09 % in NiO. This method uses the historic database of interlaboratory comparison and provides information to strategic management decisions.

RESUMEN La comparación interlaboratorio provee evidencia experimental del desempeño continuo del laboratorio para realizar pruebas específicas. En este trabajo, se determinó la incertidumbre de las mediciones y el error para los análisis químicos de cobalto y hierro en muestras pareadas de sulfuro de níquel (NiS) y óxido de níquel sinterizado (NiO), mediante mínimo-cuadrados de regresión lineal. Las determinaciones analíticas se realizaron por Espectrometría de Absorción Atómica con la participación de dos laboratorios del grupo empresarial para la producción de níquel en Cuba. Los supuestos del modelo de regresión lineal se comprobaron mediante el estadístico de Durbin-Watson, pruebas de homocedasticidad y normalidad. Se determinó la incertidumbre de la pendiente (Sm), la incertidumbre del intercepto (Sb) y la desviación estándar de la medición (Sy). Como resultado, la incertidumbre (Sx0) asociada con el valor esperado (x0) y el error (ξ) en la determinación de cobalto fue Sx0 = 0,3 % y ξ = ( 0,60 % en el Sulfuro de Níquel (NiS), y Sx0 = 0,03 % y ξ = ( 0,05 % en el Óxido de Níquel (NiO). En cuanto a la determinación de hierro, se obtuvo Sx0 = 0,16 % y ξ = ( 0,32 % en el NiS, y Sx0 = 0,05 % y ξ = ( 0,09 % en el NiO. Este método utiliza la base de datos histórica de comparación interlaboratorio y aporta información para las decisiones de gestión estratégica.

Resumo Descreve-se o caso de uma doente do sexo feminino de 41 anos, previamente saudável, sem antecedentes de dermatite atópica ou dermatite alérgica. A doente é avaliada na consulta de dermatologia por uma erupção pruriginosa recorrente, mensal, com 3 anos de evolução. Essas lesões geralmente apareciam 5 a 7 dias antes do início da menstruação e desapareciam aproximadamente 3 a 4 dias após o período menstrual. A doente referiu que quando esteve 2 vezes grávida e não teve sintomas nesse período. Ela tinha sido previamente tratada com anti-histamínicos e corticosteroides orais, com apenas alívio temporário. Ao exame físico, durante a fase lútea do período menstrual, a doente apresentava múltiplas maculopápulas eritematoedematosas, pruriginosas, distribuídas por todo o corpo. Vários estudos laboratoriais foram realizados e todos estavam normais ou negativos, incluindo testes de autoanticorpos e análises hormonais. Testes epicutâneos com a série padrão do Grupo Português de Dermatite de Contato (GPEDC), série de corticosteróides e série de metais revelaram reações positivas ao sulfato de níquel (++) e cloreto de paládio (+) às 72 horas. Foi realizado um teste intradérmico com medroxiprogesterona nas concentrações de 0.1 e 10 mg/mL no 7o dia do ciclo menstrual. O teste foi positivo 2 horas após a injeção e persistiu por 24 horas. Foi feito o diagnóstico de dermatite autoimune à progesterona e a doente foi tratada com tamoxifeno 40 mg/dia, com praticamente completa resolução clínica. Quatro meses após, a dose foi reduzida, sem recaída. Seis meses depois a doente continua sem sintomas ou efeitos adversos.

Abstract A 41-year-old female patient presents to the dermatology department with a 3-year history of a monthly relapsing pruritic eruption. These lesions appear 5-7 days before the onset of menses and resolve 3-4 days after menstruation. During her two previous pregnancies, she had no symptoms. She had been previously treated with antihistamines and oral corticosteroids with only temporary relief. On examination, during the luteal phase, the patient presented multiple maculopapular pruritic wheals distributed throughout the body. Several laboratory studies were performed and were all normal or negative, including auto-antibodies tests and hormonal analysis. Patch tests with the standard series of the Portuguese Contact Dermatitis Group, corticosteroid series, and metal series revealed positive reactions to nickel sulfate (++) and palladium chloride (+) at 72 h. An intradermal test with medroxyprogesterone at concentrations of 0.1 and 10 mg/mL was performed on the 7th day of the menstrual cycle. The test was positive 2 h after the injection and persisted for 24 h. The diagnosis of autoimmune progesterone dermatitis was made and the patient started tamoxifen 40 mg/day, with almost complete clinical clearing. Four months after, the dose was reduced, with no relapsing. Six months later, the patient remains free of symptoms.

RESUMEN Aunque el modelaje geológico comúnmente realizado en los depósitos minerales es del tipo determinístico, la modelación probabilística resulta más adecuada para conocer o medir cuantitativamente la incertidumbre asociada. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue cuantificar, para un sector del depósito de níquel San Felipe, la incertidumbre de los horizontes de la corteza de meteorización a partir de su modelación probabilística. Como base se tomó el modelo geológico descriptivo del depósito laterítico, caracterizado por la zonalidad litológica en profundidad. Se empleó la técnica probabilística de simulación secuencial Indicador con Proporciones Localmente Variables, mediante la cual se reproducen sintéticamente 50 escenarios equiprobables de las unidades geológicas, condicionadas a 3 884 compósitos de la red de pozos de 100 m x 100 m. Como resultado se presenta para el sector de estudio el modelo 3D de los horizontes litológicos en soporte de bloques, así como los mapas de entropía que cuantifican la incertidumbre asociada al modelo de las unidades geológicas modeladas. Se concluye que, dada la variabilidad presente en este tipo de depósito laterítico, la disponibilidad de información geológica resulta aún insuficiente para reproducir con un nivel de certidumbre adecuado el modelo de los horizontes de la corteza de meteorización.

ABSTRACT The geological modeling commonly performed on mineral deposits is of the deterministic type, but it has been demonstrated that probabilistic modeling is more adequate to know or quantitatively measure the associated uncertainty. This study is aim to quantify the uncertainty of weathering crustal horizons for a sector of the San Felipe nickel deposit, based on its probabilistic modeling. The descriptive geological model of the lateritic deposit was taken as a basis, characterized by the lithological zoning at depth. The probabilistic Sequential Indicator Simulation with Locally variable Proportions was used, through which 50 equiprobable scenarios of the geological units are synthetically reproduced, conditioned to 3,884 composites from the network of 100 m x 100 m drillholes. As a result, the 3D model of the lithological horizons on block support is presented for the study sector, as well as the entropy maps that quantify the uncertainty associated with the model of the modeled geological units. As conclusion, we can say that, due to the variability present in this type of lateritic deposit, the availability of geological information is still insufficient to reproduce the model of weathering crust horizons with an adequate level of certainty.

Abstract This study was designed to assess the ichthyofaunal diversity of River Panjkora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this purpose, a total of 1189 fish from six different sites were collected along the river and identified using standard keys. The fish collected and identified were representing 38 species, belonging to 7 families. The investigation spanned a year, from July 2021 to May 2022. The most dominant family was Cyprinidae 76% (n=906/1189), followed by Nemacheilidae 5.8% (n=69/1189), Channidae 5.2% (n=62/1189), Sisoridae 5.1% (n=61/1189), Mastacembelidae 4.9% (n=58/1189), Salmonidae 2.6% (n=31/1189) and least was Bagridae 0.17 (n=2/1189). The most abundant speices was Schizothorax plagiostomus with relative density of 16.8. Family Cyprinidae was represented by 21 species, Sisoridae by 7 species, Nemacheilidae by 5 species, Channidae by 2 species, while Bagridae, Salmonidae and Mastacembelidae, were each represented by a single species. PAST 3, XLSTAT and EXCEL 2019 were used for principal component analysis to study correlation of fish diversity and richness. Eigenvalue obtained from Kumrat to Busaq were 3.32, 1.01, 0.80, 0.44, 0.31 and 0.10 respectively. The higher value at Kumrat shows higher diversity. The water quality assessment showed average value of water temperature 10.4 ͦC, pH 7.0, electrical conductivity 184 mg/L, dissolved oxygen 7.9 mg/L, turbidity 43.73 mg/L, total dissolved solids 101 mg/L, total suspended solids 34.72 mg/L, total solids 135.53 mg/L, total alkalinity 75.77 mg/L, total hardness 58.37 mg/L, ammonia 0.46 mg/L, sulphate 26.03 mg/L, chloride 14.67 mg/L, calcium 69.11 mg/L, chromium 0.18 mg/L, copper 0.03, cobalt mg/L 0.04, nickel 0.039 mg/L, lead 0.02 mg/L and Zinc 0.35 mg/L. The findings of this study indicated that most of the physicochemical parameters remained within the acceptable limits throughout the study period. Analysis of fish gut contents included; nymphs, insect larvae, the presence of algae, protozoans and macroinvertebrates in the river ecosystem. Panjkora Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan purpose 118 keys 3 species families year 202 2022 76 n=906/1189, n9061189 n n=906/1189 , 906 (n=906/1189) 58 8 5.8 n=69/1189, n691189 n=69/1189 69 (n=69/1189) 52 5.2 n=62/1189, n621189 n=62/1189 62 (n=62/1189) 51 1 5.1 n=61/1189, n611189 n=61/1189 61 (n=61/1189) 49 4 9 4.9 n=58/1189, n581189 n=58/1189 (n=58/1189) 26 6 2.6 n=31/1189 n311189 31 (n=31/1189 017 0 17 0.1 n=2/1189. n21189 n=2/1189 . (n=2/1189) 168 16 16.8 201 richness 332 32 3.32 01 1.01 080 80 0.80 044 44 0.44 031 0.3 010 10 respectively 104 10. C ͦC 70 7.0 18 mgL mg L 79 7. 4373 43 73 43.7 3472 34 72 34.7 13553 135 53 135.5 7577 75 77 75.7 5837 37 58.3 046 46 0.4 2603 03 26.0 1467 14 67 14.6 6911 11 69.1 018 003 0.03 004 04 0.04 0039 039 002 02 0.0 035 35 period included nymphs larvae algae ecosystem 20 n906118 n=906/118 90 (n=906/1189 5. n69118 n=69/118 (n=69/1189 n62118 n=62/118 (n=62/1189 n61118 n=61/118 (n=61/1189 4. n58118 n=58/118 (n=58/1189 2. n=31/118 n31118 (n=31/118 0. n2118 n=2/118 (n=2/1189 16. 33 3.3 1.0 08 0.8 437 43. 347 34. 1355 13 135. 757 75. 583 58. 260 26. 146 14. 691 69. 00 n90611 n=906/11 (n=906/118 n6911 n=69/11 (n=69/118 n6211 n=62/11 (n=62/118 n6111 n=61/11 (n=61/118 n5811 n=58/11 (n=58/118 n=31/11 n3111 (n=31/11 n211 n=2/11 (n=2/118 3. 1. n9061 n=906/1 (n=906/11 n691 n=69/1 (n=69/11 n621 n=62/1 (n=62/11 n611 n=61/1 (n=61/11 n581 n=58/1 (n=58/11 n=31/1 n311 (n=31/1 n21 n=2/1 (n=2/11 n906 n=906/ (n=906/1 n69 n=69/ (n=69/1 n62 n=62/ (n=62/1 n61 n=61/ (n=61/1 n58 n=58/ (n=58/1 n=31/ n31 (n=31/ n2 n=2/ (n=2/1 n90 n=906 (n=906/ n6 n=69 (n=69/ n=62 (n=62/ n=61 (n=61/ n5 n=58 (n=58/ n=31 n3 (n=31 n=2 (n=2/ n9 n=90 (n=906 n=6 (n=69 (n=62 (n=61 n=5 (n=58 n=3 (n=3 n= (n=2 n=9 (n=90 (n=6 (n=5 (n= (n=9 (n

Resumo Este estudo foi projetado para avaliar a diversidade da ictiofauna do rio Panjkora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Paquistão. Para isso, foram coletados um total de .1189 peixes de seis locais diferentes ao longo do rio e identificados através de chaves-padrão. Os peixes coletados e identificados representavam 38 espécies, pertencentes a 7 famílias. A investigação durou um ano, de julho de 2021 a maio de 2022. A família mais dominante foi Cyprinidae 76% (n=906/1189), seguida por Nemacheilidae 5,8% (n=69/1189), Channidae 5,2% (n=62/ 1189), Sisoridae 5,1% (n=61/1189), Mastacembelidae 4,9% (n=58/1189), Salmonidae 2,6% (n=31/1189), e o mínimo foi Bagridae 0,17 (n=2/1189). A espécie mais abundante foi Schizothorax plagiostomus com densidade relativa de 16,8. A família Cyprinidae foi representada por 21 espécies, Sisoridae por 7 espécies, Nemacheilidae por 5 espécies, Channidae por 2 espécies, enquanto Bagridae, Salmonidae e Mastacembelidae foram representados cada um por uma única espécie. PAST 3, XLSTAT e EXCEL 2019 foram utilizados para análise de componentes principais para estudar a correlação entre diversidade e riqueza de peixes. Os autovalores obtidos de Kumrat para Busaq foram 3,32, 1,01, 0,80, 0,44, 0,31 e 0,10, respectivamente. O valor mais alto em Kumrat mostra maior diversidade. A avaliação da qualidade da água apresentou valor médio de temperatura da água 10,4 ͦC, pH 7,0, condutividade elétrica 184 mg/L, oxigênio dissolvido 7,9 mg/L, turbidez 43,73 mg/L, sólidos totais dissolvidos 101 mg/L, sólidos suspensos totais 34,72 mg/L, sólidos totais 135,53 mg/L, alcalinidade total 75,77 mg/L, dureza total 58,37 mg/L, amônia 0,46 mg/L, sulfato 26,03 mg/L, cloreto 14,67 mg/L, cálcio 69,11 mg/L, cromo 0,18 mg /L, cobre 0,03, cobalto mg/L 0,04, níquel 0,039 mg/L, chumbo 0,02 mg/L e zinco 0,35 mg/L. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que a maioria dos parâmetros físico-químicos permaneceu dentro dos limites aceitáveis durante todo o período de estudo. Análise do conteúdo intestinal dos peixes incluiu ninfas, larvas de insetos, presença de algas, protozoários e macroinvertebrados no ecossistema fluvial. Panjkora Pakhtunkhwa Paquistão isso 1189 .118 chavespadrão. chavespadrão chaves padrão. padrão chaves-padrão 3 espécies famílias ano 202 2022 76 n=906/1189, n9061189 n n=906/1189 , 906 (n=906/1189) 58 8 5,8 n=69/1189, n691189 n=69/1189 69 (n=69/1189) 52 5,2 n=62/ n62 62 (n=62 1189, 1189) 51 1 5,1 n=61/1189, n611189 n=61/1189 61 (n=61/1189) 49 4 9 4,9 n=58/1189, n581189 n=58/1189 (n=58/1189) 26 6 2,6 n=31/1189, n311189 n=31/1189 31 (n=31/1189) 017 0 17 0,1 n=2/1189. n21189 n=2/1189 . (n=2/1189) 168 16 16,8 201 332 32 3,32 01 1,01 080 80 0,80 044 44 0,44 031 0,3 010 10 0,10 respectivamente 104 10, C ͦC 70 7,0 18 mgL L 79 7, 4373 43 73 43,7 3472 34 72 34,7 13553 135 53 135,5 7577 75 77 75,7 5837 37 58,3 046 46 0,4 2603 03 26,0 1467 14 67 14,6 6911 11 69,1 018 /L 003 0,03 004 04 0,04 0039 039 002 02 0,0 035 35 físicoquímicos físico químicos ninfas insetos algas fluvial 118 .11 20 n906118 n=906/118 90 (n=906/1189 5, n69118 n=69/118 (n=69/1189 n=62 n6 (n=6 n61118 n=61/118 (n=61/1189 4, n58118 n=58/118 (n=58/1189 2, n31118 n=31/118 (n=31/1189 0, n2118 n=2/118 (n=2/1189 16, 33 3,3 1,0 08 0,8 437 43, 347 34, 1355 13 135, 757 75, 583 58, 260 26, 146 14, 691 69, 00 .1 n90611 n=906/11 (n=906/118 n6911 n=69/11 (n=69/118 n=6 (n= n6111 n=61/11 (n=61/118 n5811 n=58/11 (n=58/118 n3111 n=31/11 (n=31/118 n211 n=2/11 (n=2/118 1, n9061 n=906/1 (n=906/11 n691 n=69/1 (n=69/11 n= (n n611 n=61/1 (n=61/11 n581 n=58/1 (n=58/11 n311 n=31/1 (n=31/11 n21 n=2/1 (n=2/11 n906 n=906/ (n=906/1 n69 n=69/ (n=69/1 n61 n=61/ (n=61/1 n58 n=58/ (n=58/1 n31 n=31/ (n=31/1 n2 n=2/ (n=2/1 n90 n=906 (n=906/ n=69 (n=69/ n=61 (n=61/ n5 n=58 (n=58/ n3 n=31 (n=31/ n=2 (n=2/ n9 n=90 (n=906 (n=69 (n=61 n=5 (n=58 n=3 (n=31 (n=2 n=9 (n=90 (n=5 (n=3 (n=9

Resumo Os poluentes ambientais podem frequentemente alterar os componentes genéticos das populações naturais. Neste estudo, metais pesados e diversidade genética em caramujos terrestres (Achatina achatina) de três populações do sudoeste da Nigéria foram investigados, usando a tecnologia de espectrometria de absorção atômica e sequenciamento de DNA, respectivamente. A análise dos metais revelou que os caramujos acumularam chumbo (Pb) e níquel (Ni) em altas concentrações em dois dos três estados, enquanto o cádmio (Cd) foi o menos detectado. A edição e o alinhamento das sequências de todos os acessos de caramujos geraram uma faixa de 384pb a 419pb. A análise de variância molecular (AMOVA) em todos os 18 acessos foi baixa em apenas 16%. A cobertura da consulta (QC) variou entre 96% e 100%, com 14 (77,8%) dos 18 acessos apresentando 100% de identidade. A comparação pareada dos acessos estudados também mostrou alta similaridade genética. O método de grupo de pares não ponderados com média aritmética (UPGMA) gerou dois clusters principais. O cluster I era único e contém uma amostra (AaOy06), enquanto o outro cluster está intimamente relacionado e pode ser subdividido em subclusters. O índice de similaridade entre os clusters é 0,5357. A grande semelhança entre os acessos pode ser devido à proximidade geográfica dos três estados. A singularidade do acesso AaOy06 em comparação com outros acessos pode ser devido à influência negativa de metais pesados, particularmente chumbo. A determinação das relações evolutivas entre as populações de caramujos pode ser útil para os esforços de reprodução da espécie na Nigéria.

Abstract Environmental pollutants may often alter the genetic components of natural populations. In this study, heavy metals and genetic diversity in land snail (Achatina achatina) from three populations of south-western Nigeria were investigated, using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and DNA Sequencing technology respectively. Metal analysis revealed that the snails accumulated lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) in high concentrations in two of the three states, while cadmium (Cd) was the least detected. Editing and alignment of the sequences of all snail accessions generated a range of 384bp to 419 bp. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) in all 18 accessions was low at only 16%. The query coverage (QC) ranged between 96% and 100%, with 14 (77.8%) of the 18 accessions showing 100% identity. Pairwise comparison of the accessions studied also showed a high genetic similarity. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) generated two main clusters. Cluster I was unique and contain one sample (AaOy06) while the other cluster are very closely related and can be further sub-divided into sub-clusters. The similarity index of between the clusters is 0.5357. The close similarity among the accessions may be due to the geographical proximity of the three states. The uniqueness of accession AaOy06 in comparison to other accessions might be due to the negative influence of heavy metal, particularly lead. The determination of evolutionary relationships among snail populations may be useful towards the breeding efforts of the species in Nigeria.

Resumo O sistema enzimático antioxidante é um importante mecanismo de defesa para lidar com Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio (EROs) produzidas por causa da exposição a metais pesados. No presente estudo, o chumbo (Pb), o cromo (Cr), o arsênio (As), o cádmio (Cd), o níquel (Ni) em água e a atividade antioxidante da superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e peroxidase (POD) foram investigados em três espécies (Metrocoris communis, Limnogonus fossarum fossarum e Aquarius adelaidis) de gafanhotos coletados no triângulo industrial de Punjab, Paquistão. Os resultados do presente estudo revelaram que Pb, Cr, As, Cd e Ni estavam de acordo com a quantidade permitida pela OMS. A atividade antioxidante de SOD, CAT e POD foi significativamente diferente entre as espécies diante do estresse oxidativo, mas encontrou a maior atividade de determinação de parâmetros em A. adelaidis. Este é um dos estudos pioneiros no Paquistão que relatam o papel dos water striders como bioindicador de metais pesados presentes na água por meio de variações de enzimas antioxidantes. Os resultados atuais indicaram que o nível variante de atividades de enzimas antioxidantes em diferentes espécies de water striders refletiu a poluição por metais pesados no triângulo industrial de Punjab, Paquistão, e será uma ferramenta ecotoxicológica útil para avaliar os efeitos prejudiciais de poluentes de metais pesados em organismos aquáticos .

Abstract The antioxidant enzyme system is an important defense mechanism to cope with Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) produced due to exposure to heavy metals. In the present study lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) in water and the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) was investigated in three species (Metrocoris communis, Limnogonus fossarum fossarum, and Aquarius adelaidis) of water striders collected from the industrial triangle of Punjab, Pakistan. The results of present study revealed that Pb, Cr, As, Cd and Ni were according to the permissible amount of WHO. The antioxidant activity of SOD, CAT and POD was found significantly different among species against oxidative stress, but found the highest activity of determining parameters in A. adelaidis. This is one of the pioneer studies in Pakistan reporting the role of water striders as a bioindicator of heavy metals present in the water through antioxidants enzyme variations. The current results supported that variant level of antioxidant enzyme activities in different species of water strider were reflective of heavy metal pollution in the Industrial triangle of Punjab, Pakistan and will be a useful ecotoxicological tools to evaluate the detrimental effects of heavy metal pollutants in aquatic organisms.

Resumo O presente estudo foi realizado para medir metais pesados em peixes ciprinídeos em rios do Distrito Khuzdar Balochistan, Paquistão. No presente estudo, foram coletadas 25 amostras de peixes pertencentes a 8 ordens de 13 famílias. A família Cyprinidae apresentou o maior número de oito espécies de peixes. O presente estudo está focado em metais pesados em peixes ciprinídeos. O acúmulo de metais pesados como zinco, manganês, cobre e níquel foi avaliado na água e em vários órgãos dos peixes. A Espectroscopia de Absorção Atômica foi utilizada para a identificação desses metais pesados em espécies de peixes e corpos d’água. A concentração em água ((mg/L),) Zn Conc. 0,383-.028 Mn Conc. .073- .030 Cu Conc. 080-.017 NI Conc. 0,79-.14. A concentração de metais pesados foi considerada semelhante e variou simultaneamente em toda a área de pesquisa. A concentração de zinco foi relatada mais alta, enquanto o cobre estava na concentração mais baixa em todas as espécies de peixes. A concentração de metais pesados, em todas as espécies de peixes neste estudo, estava acima do limite dos limites da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS).

Abstract The present study was conducted to measured heavy metals in cyprinid fishes in rivers of District Khuzdar Balochistan, Pakistan. In the present study, 25 fish samples were collected that belonged to 8 order of 13 families, The Cyprinidae family had the largest number of eight fish species. Present study is focused on Heavy metals in cyprinid fishes. Heavy metals accumulation like Zinc, Manganese, Copper, and Nickel was evaluated in water and various organs of fishes. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was used for the identification of these heavy metals in fish species and water bodies. The average concentration (mg/L) of Zn 0.26-0.41, Mn 0.030- 0.073, Cu 0.017—0.080 and NI 0.14-0.79 were observed in water. The Concentration (mg/L), of Zn Conc 0.383-.028 Mn Conc .073- .030 Cu Conc 080-.017 NI Conc .79-.14. The concentration of heavy metals was found both similar and varied simultaneously across the whole research area. Zinc concentration was reported highest, whereas Copper was at the lowest concentration in all fish species .The concentration of heavy metals, in all the fish species under this study, was above the threshold of WHO limits.

Resumo O avanço e intensificação de atividades industriais e mineradoras tem gerado uma série de impactos sobre ecossistemas naturais, combinados ao uso inadequados de agroquímicos e o descarte errôneo de produtos eletrônicos, contribuem para contaminação de solos com uma diversidade de elementos químicos, entre eles os metais pesados. Devido a isto, este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a o efeito das dosagens crescentes de níquel na anatomia, bioquímica e sistema oxidativo do mogno brasileiro (Swietenia macrophylla), espécie florestal da Amazônia, buscando indicar o potencial de uso desta espécie em programas de fitorremediação de solos contaminados com metais pesados. As sementes foram cultivadas sob temperatura constante de 28°C, umidade relativa do ar (UR) de 90% com fotoperíodo de 12h por 43 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados (DBC), com cinco tratamentos (0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 mg.L-1 de Níquel), com seis repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e as médias foram testadas para diferenças significativas pelo teste Tukey a 5% de significância. Foi observado mudanças na anatomia dos diferentes órgãos, com diferenças nas células da região central da folha, no caule e na raiz. A concentração de carboidratos totais não teve diferenças estatísticas com a aplicação do níquel, porém foi observado mudanças nos pigmentos fotossintéticos, açúcares redutores e sacarose como forma adaptativa ao níquel. O aumento das dosagens de níquel foi acompanhado pela síntese de amônio, aminoácidos e prolina na raiz, em contra partida diminui-se a síntese de glicina. Já na folha, houve o aumento dos aminoácidos com o aumento do metal, acompanhado da diminuição de glicina. O sistema de defesa antioxidante de plantas foi eficiente para atenuar os efeitos tóxicos das EROs, com ações significativas das enzimas CAT e SOD na raiz, enquanto na folha teve ação principal da APX e CAT. O cultivo de plantas de mogno pode ser defendido para mitigar a poluição de Ni nessas áreas, já que esta espécie florestal possui uma característica particular de resistência às condições de estresse em contato com o metal pesado. naturais eletrônicos químicos pesados isto Swietenia macrophylla, macrophylla , macrophylla) Amazônia 28C C 28 28°C UR (UR 90 h 4 dias DBC, DBC (DBC) 0, 0 (0 2 mg.L1 mgL1 mgL mg.L 1 mg L mg.L- Níquel, Níquel Níquel) repetições ANOVA (ANOVA 5 significância órgãos raiz fotossintéticos amônio diminuise diminui se glicina EROs áreas pesado 9 (DBC ( L1

Abstract The advancement and intensification of industrial and mining activities has generated a series of impacts on natural ecosystems, combined with the inappropriate use of agrochemicals and the erroneous disposal of electronic products, contributing to soil contamination with a diversity of chemical elements, including heavy metals. Due to this, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing dosages of nickel on the anatomy, biochemistry and oxidative system of Brazilian mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), a forest species from the Amazon, seeking to indicate the potential use of this species in phytoremediation programs. of soils contaminated with heavy metals. The seeds were grown under a constant temperature of 28°C, relative humidity (RH) of 90% with a 12-hour photoperiod for 43 days. The experimental design used was randomized blocks (DBC), with five treatments (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg.L-1 of Nickel), with six replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were tested for significant differences using the Tukey test at 5% significance. Changes in the anatomy of the different organs were observed, with differences in the cells in the central region of the leaf, the stem and the root. The concentration of total carbohydrates had no statistical differences with the application of nickel, however changes were observed in photosynthetic pigments, reducing sugars and sucrose as an adaptive form to nickel. The increase in nickel dosages was accompanied by the synthesis of ammonium, amino acids and proline in the root, while the synthesis of glycine was reduced. In the leaf, there was an increase in amino acids with an increase in metal, accompanied by a decrease in glycine. The plant antioxidant defense system was efficient in attenuating the toxic effects of ROS, with significant actions of CAT and SOD enzymes in the root, while the leaf had the main action of APX and CAT. The cultivation of mahogany plants can be advocated to mitigate Ni pollution in these areas, as this forest species has a particular characteristic of resistance to stressful conditions in contact with the heavy metal. ecosystems products elements metals Swietenia macrophylla, macrophylla , macrophylla) Amazon programs 28C C 28 28°C RH (RH 90 12hour hour 12 4 days DBC, DBC (DBC) 0, 0 (0 2 mg.L1 mgL1 mgL mg.L 1 mg L mg.L- Nickel, Nickel Nickel) replications ANOVA (ANOVA 5 significance root pigments ammonium reduced metal ROS areas 9 (DBC ( L1