ABSTRACT This article keeps in mind the application of the discriminating against analysis in the educational environment in confinamiento time for Covid19, focused in evaluating the factors that influenced in the process of the students' of the Agrarian University of Ecuador (UAE) virtual learning. He/she was carried out the rising of data by means of surveys directed to students of the Ability of Agricultural Economy in their different headquarters. The students were classified in two groups of interest, those with level of low learning and those with level of high learning, the obtained data were analyzed under the supposition of normality multivalente of the discriminadores. The results showed significant differences among the variance-covariance wombs, evidencing that the learning levels possess atypical patterns of variability to each other. Also, it was evidenced that the registered variable Semester (S) and Relationship educational-student (RDE) presents high dispersion among the groups, while the variables that possess a relatively smaller dispersion are Knowledge of virtual (CUP) platforms and Preference to the virtual (MV) modality. The discriminating against obtained function justifies in its entirety the variance in the original data, demonstrating to be of help in the process of the new students' classification being able to predict its learning level.

RESUMEN Este artículo tiene en cuenta la aplicación del análisis discriminante en el ámbito educativo en época de confinamiento por el Covid19, enfocado en evaluar los factores que influyeron en el proceso de aprendizaje virtual de los estudiantes de la Universidad Agraria del Ecuador (UAE). Se realizó el levantamiento de datos mediante encuestas dirigidas a estudiantes de la Facultad de Economía Agrícola en sus diferentes sedes. Los estudiantes fueron clasificados en dos grupos de interés, aquellos con nivel de aprendizaje bajo y aquellos con nivel de aprendizaje alto, los datos obtenidos se analizaron bajo la suposición de normalidad multivalente de los discriminadores. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre las matrices de varianza-covarianza, evidenciando que los niveles de aprendizaje poseen patrones de variabilidad atípicos entre sí. Asimismo, se evidenció que las variables Semestre matriculado (S) y Relación docente-estudiante (RDE) presentan alta dispersión entre los grupos, mientras las variables que poseen una dispersión relativamente menor son Conocimiento de plataformas virtuales (CUP) y Preferencia a la modalidad virtual (MV). La función discriminante obtenida justifica en su totalidad la varianza en los datos originales, demostrando ser de ayuda en el proceso de clasificación de los nuevos estudiantes pudiendo predecir su nivel de aprendizaje.

RESUMEN Objetivo: La pandemia de Covid-19 interrumpió la educación presencial en la mayoría de los países del mundo. Las universidades colombianas no fueron la excepción, y ahora, con el regreso a las aulas físicas, enfrentan nuevos desafíos para garantizar la permanencia estudiantil y evitar que los casos de abandono académico sigan aumentando. En ese sentido, este estudio se propuso como objetivo identificar las motivaciones y temores que experimentan algunos universitarios colombianos al volver a la presencialidad, y cómo estas variables intervienen en la decisión de retornar o desertar. Los resultados aportan conocimientos relevantes sobre los desafíos de la educación superior en el contexto de la postpandemia. Materiales y método: Esta investigación fue de tipo descriptiva-explicativa. Participó una muestra por conveniencia de estudiantes de carreras profesionales en Colombia. Se aplicaron dos escalas confiables que evaluaron la percepción de estos estudiantes en cada uno de los factores e indicadores asociados a las variables analizadas. Resultados: Se encontró que las principales motivaciones para volver tienen que ver con mejorar el rendimiento y recuperar la normalidad académica. Estas motivaciones demostraron ser un predictor significativo que fortalece la decisión de regresar. En cambio, los temores a nivel psicosocial y económico aumentan el riesgo de deserción. Conclusión: Los temores en esta nueva normalidad, cuando no se aprenden a manejar, son factores de riesgo de deserción, mientras que las motivaciones académicas y psicológicas son factores protectores. En la discusión final se ofrecen recomendaciones educativas y de salud para prevenir la deserción.

ABSTRACT Objective: The Covid-19 pandemic interrupted face-to-face education in most countries of the world. Colombian universities were no exception and now, with the return to physical classrooms, they face new challenges to guarantee student retention and prevent academic dropouts from increasing. In this sense, the present study aimed to identify the motivations and fears experienced by some Colombian university students when returning to the physical classroom, and how these variables intervene in the decision to return or drop out. The results provide relevant knowledge about the challenges of higher education in the post-pandemic period. Materials and Method: This descriptive-explanatory research involved a convenience sampling of professional career students in Colombia. Two reliable scales were applied to evaluate the perception of these students in each of the factors and indicators associated with the variables analyzed. Results: It was found that the main motivations for returning had to do with improving performance and recovering academic normality. These motivations proved to be a significant predictor that strengthens the decision to return. In contrast, psychosocial and economic fears increase the risk of desertion. Conclusion: The fears identified in this new normality when they are not learned to manage are risk factors for desertion, while academic and psychological motivations are protective factors. In the final discussion, educational and health recommendations are provided to prevent dropout.

Abstract Objective: To understand the experiences before the new normal in university students after the pandemic by COVID-19. Materials and methods: Qualitative research, the units of meanings were built based on the moments of Martin Heidegger’s hermeneutic circle, for the selection of the participants, an intentional sampling was made of 16 university students of the nursing degree of a public university in the state of Oaxaca, where saturation of the data was reached, the phenomenological interview took place from March to May 2023 and were audiotaped, the research met the criteria of scientific rigor for qualitative research. Results: University students expressed having mental health problems due to confinement and social estrangement and in the face of the new normality has generated negative thoughts and feelings due to lack of communication, identifying the presence of their peers as negative, However, it is a new opportunity to start over and recognize life experiences with the help of a health professional. Conclusions: It is vital that educational institutions be able to develop appropriate strategies to improve the quality of life of university students by creating appropriate interventions to address the psychological problems that university students experience.

Resumen Objetivo: Comprender las vivencias ante la nueva normalidad en universitarios después de la pandemia por COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: Investigación de tipo cualitativa, las unidades de significados fueron construidas con base a los momentos del círculo hermenéuticos de Martin Heidegger, para la selección de los participantes se realizó un muestreo intencionado de 16 universitarios de la licenciatura de enfermería de una universidad pública del estado de Oaxaca, donde se alcanzó la saturación de los datos, la entrevista fenomenológica se llevó a cabo de marzo a mayo del 2023 y fue audio grabada, la investigación cumplió con los criterios de rigor científico para investigación cualitativa. Resultados: Los universitarios expresaron tener problemas de salud mental debido al confinamiento y el distanciamiento social y ante la nueva normalidad ha generado pensamientos y sentimientos negativos debido a la falta de comunicación, identificando la presencia de sus compañeros como negativa, sin embargo, es una nueva oportunidad de volver a comenzar y reconoce experiencias de su vida con ayuda de un profesional de salud. Conclusiones: Es de vital importancia que las instituciones educativas puedan realizar estrategias adecuadas para mejorar la calidad de vida de los universitarios, creando intervenciones apropiadas para atender los problemas psicológicos que los universitarios vivencian.

Resumen La pandemia por COVID-19 y el contexto de emergencia socio-sanitaria trajo consigo, entre otras cosas, la oportunidad de visibilizar los cambios requeridos por el sistema formativo y profesional que demanda al colectivo de trabajo social: reinventarse para llevar a cabo nuevas formas de ayuda e intervención social en crisis. Lo anterior implica desplegar todo su potencial para ofrecer recursos de apoyo emocional en situaciones de distanciamiento físico-social bajo modalidad de teletrabajo, en estado de confinamiento o de regreso a la nueva normalidad. Todos estos hechos han ido generando desgaste y agotamiento emocional, tanto en este grupo profesional como en la población estudiantil en formación. El objetivo de este trabajo es relevar la importancia que tiene la educación emocional y la formación de competencias emocionales que fortalezcan el desempeño profesional de futuras personas trabajadoras sociales, no solo en un contexto excepcional sino en cualquier situación cotidiana que requiera de su atención o intervención. El principal motivo es, sobre todo, porque las competencias emocionales tienen directa relación con las habilidades sociales y cognitivas, con el logro de los aprendizajes y con los resultados laborales. Como principal resultado se evidencia la necesidad de implementar programas formativos que promuevan el desarrollo de competencias emocionales a partir de un diagnóstico claro que permita reorientar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. De este modo se busca aportar a la formación integral de las futuras personas profesionales del trabajo social. Se concluye que las competencias emocionales hacen referencia a un desarrollo humano integral, que apunta a un proceso educativo en la sociedad actual y a un aprendizaje a lo largo de toda la vida que integra el aprender a conocer, aprender a hacer, aprender a ser y aprender a convivir. Finalmente, se recomienda que la incorporación del aprendizaje socioemocional sea gradual, continuo y sistemático; contemplando una estrategia de capacitación permanente dirigida al equipo docente que forma al estudiantado de trabajo social, integrando un enfoque teórico desde la sociología de las emociones que considere la diversidad sociocultural de los entornos y contextos en los que estos se desenvuelven.

Abstract Among all the consequences resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and the socio-sanitary emergency context, the opportunity to make visible those changes required by the training and professional system to social workers stands out. An example of this consists of the need to reinvent this social field to provide new assistance and social intervention in crisis, which implies deploying its full potential to offer emotional support resources in situations of physical-social distancing under the modality of teleworking, in a state of confinement or return to the new normality. All these facts have been generating emotional exhaustion in this professional group and the student population in training. Therefore, this investigation aims to highlight the importance of emotional education and the formation of emotional competencies that strengthen the professional performance of future social workers, not only in an exceptional context but in any daily situation that requires their attention or intervention, especially since emotional competencies are directly related to social and cognitive skills, with the achievement of learning and with work results. As a main discovery, the investigators consider it essential to implement training programs that promote the development of emotional competencies, starting with a clear diagnosis that allows reorienting the teaching and learning process. Hence, it would be possible to contribute to the comprehensive training of future social work professionals. In addition, the authors conclude that emotional competencies represent an integral human growth that points both to an educational process in society and to lifelong learning. Moreover, this integrates learning to know, to do, to be, and to learn to live together. Finally, the researchers recommend that the incorporation of social emotional learning be gradual, continuous, and systematic. Furthermore, that a permanent training strategy aimed at teachers who train social work students be contemplated, and that a theoretical approach be integrated from the sociology of emotions that considers the sociocultural diversity of the environments and contexts in which they operate.

Abstract A theoretical study was conducted to address school leadership used by different agents of change, with the aim of emphasizing the leadership models applied in their management during the pandemic, in order to highlight the strategies that allowed to continue with distance education, so that, in the post-COVID era, this set of actions, serve as support and action guide to achieve the goals in the institutes in the new normality. Different research on the actions of school leaders during the pandemic were analyzed in Mexico, Peru, United States, Spain, and Malaysia. The results obtained were: prioritizing security and emotional stability in each member of the school; developing resilience, systemic thinking and strengthening social awareness; emphasizing two-way communication to generate trust; prioritizing the teaching role in decision-making and training in new technologies; using the object-language methodology and project-based learning (PBL); analyzing the strengths and needs of each student; developing critical thinking and conceptual understanding; and establishing meetings to maintain collective negotiation at a distance. In conclusion, school leaders resorted to the combination and application of different leadership models such as: servant, authentic, intermediate, adaptive, and crisis-based, allowing them to face the challenges derived from the pandemic; and in the post-COVID era to implement and adapt each action to their context to improve education in the world.

Resumen El presente es un estudio teórico en el que se procuró abordar el liderazgo escolar empleado por diferentes agentes de cambio con el objetivo de enfatizar los modelos de liderazgo aplicados en su gestión durante la pandemia. El propósito fue resaltar las estrategias que permitieron continuar con la educación a distancia, de modo que en la era postcovid este conjunto de acciones sirvan de apoyo y guía de acción para alcanzar las metas planteadas en los institutos. Para conseguir ese objetivo, se analizaron diferentes investigaciones sobre el actuar de los líderes escolares durante la pandemia en México, Perú, Estados Unidos, España y Malasia. Los resultados obtenidos indican lo siguiente: se debe priorizar la seguridad y la estabilidad emocional en cada miembro del instituto; asimismo, se desarrolló la resiliencia, el pensamiento sistémico y se fortaleció una conciencia social; se acentuó la comunicación bidireccional para generar confianza; se dio prioridad al rol docente en la toma de decisiones y en la formación en nuevas tecnologías; se empleó la metodología de objetos-lenguaje y el aprendizaje basado en proyectos (ABP); se analizaron las fortalezas y necesidades de cada alumno; se desarrolló el pensamiento crítico y la comprensión conceptual, y se establecieron reuniones para mantener una negociación colectiva a distancia. En síntesis, se puede concluir que los líderes escolares recurrieron a la combinación y aplicación de diferentes modelos de liderazgo, como de servicio, auténtico, intermedio, adaptativo y basado en crisis, lo que les permitió afrontar los desafíos derivados por la pandemia para, en la era postcovid, implementar y adaptar cada acción a su contexto para mejorar la educación en el mundo.

Resumo Foi realizado um estudo teórico para abordar a liderança escolar utilizada por diferentes agentes de mudança; com o objetivo de enfatizar os modelos de liderança aplicados na sua gestão durante a pandemia, de forma a evidenciar as estratégias que permitiram a continuidade da educação a distância, para que, na era pós-COVID, este conjunto de ações, sirva de apoio e guia de ação para atingir metas nos institutos no novo normal. Foram analisadas diferentes investigações sobre a atuação de dirigentes escolares durante a pandemia, no México, Peru, Estados Unidos, Espanha e Malásia. Os resultados obtidos foram: Priorização da segurança e estabilidade emocional em cada integrante do instituto, desenvolveu-se resiliência, pensamento sistêmico e fortalecimento da consciência social; a comunicação bidirecional foi enfatizada para gerar confiança; Foi dada prioridade ao papel do professor na tomada de decisões e na formação em novas tecnologias, foram utilizadas a metodologia da linguagem-objecto e da aprendizagem baseada em projectos (PBL), foram analisados os pontos fortes e as necessidades de cada aluno, o pensamento crítico e a compreensão conceptual e foram estabelecidas reuniões para manter a negociação coletiva à distância. Concluindo, que os dirigentes escolares recorreram à combinação e aplicação de diferentes modelos de liderança como: serviço, autêntico, intermédio, adaptativo e de crise, permitindo-lhes enfrentar os desafios derivados da pandemia; e na era pós-COVID implementar e adaptar cada ação ao seu contexto para melhorar a educação no mundo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The search for solutions to the mental fitness problem of health personnel reported during the COVID-19 pandemic points to the management of their psychological safety as a novel alternative. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological safety management carried out through a professional action protocol, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: It was carried out a study with a pre-experimental design from March 2020 to August 2021, in four phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, defined for the purposes of the research as outbreak, new normality, resurgence and Delta wave. It was implemented the protocol for the management of psychological safety. 1416 subjects and 236 work teams from high-risk areas in a hospital institution participated. They were applied McNemar statistical tests and binary logistic regression. Results: It was obtained an incidence of mental health disorders of 14.2%. Statistical tests showed that the percentage differences in the variables dependent on management were due to the implemented protocol. They were identified the independent variables that best explained the state of reasonable psychological safety during work and the safe behavior of the work team. Conclusions: it was obtained evidence of the effectiveness of the protocol implemented in the hospital institution during the health emergency by COVID-19 that justifies its use in similar situations that arise in the future.

RESUMEN Introducción: La búsqueda de soluciones al problema de la salud mental del personal sanitario reportado durante la pandemia de COVID-19 señala la gestión de su seguridad psicológica como una alternativa novedosa. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo evaluar la efectividad de la gestión de la seguridad psicológica realizada a través de un protocolo de actuación profesional, durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio con diseño preexperimental desde marzo de 2020 a agosto de 2021, en 4 fases de la pandemia de COVID-19, definidas a los efectos de la investigación en: brote, nueva normalidad, rebrote y oleada Delta. Se implementó el protocolo para la gestión de la seguridad psicológica. Participaron 1416 sujetos y 236 equipos de trabajo de las zonas de alto riesgo en una institución hospitalaria. Se aplicaron las pruebas estadísticas McNemar y regresión logística binaria. Resultados: Se obtuvo una incidencia de afectaciones de salud mental del 14,2 %. Las pruebas estadísticas mostraron que las diferencias porcentuales en las variables dependientes de la gestión se debieron al protocolo implementado. Se identificaron las variables independientes que mejor explicaron el estado de seguridad psicológica razonable durante el trabajo y el comportamiento seguro de equipo de trabajo. En conclusiones se obtuvieron evidencias de la efectividad del protocolo implementado en la institución hospitalaria durante la emergencia sanitaria por COVID-19 que justifican su empleo en situaciones similares que se presenten en el futuro

RESUMEN La globalización engloba aspectos económicos, políticos, jurídicos y sociales de los diferentes países del mundo. Este fenómeno avanza a pasos gigantescos eliminando distancias y llegando a lugares nunca imaginados, estableciendo nuevos retos en el avance del conocimiento, la transformación y la cultura de las naciones. Se realizó un proceso investigativo con el objetivo de determinar los principales efectos de la globalización empresarial en la gestión de la calidad y de la innovación en organizaciones empresariales ecuatorianas. El estudio desarrollado se estableció sobre el enfoque cuantitativo y concibió un diseño correlacional. Se desarrolló en 85 estudiantes de posgrado de la Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo, Ecuador, que se desempeñan como empresarios. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que la causa y efecto de las variables según Rho Spearman debido a que los datos son no normales, entre la globalización empresarial y los efectos en la gestión de la calidad y de la innovación siendo positiva muy alta y muy significativa. Lo anterior determina que, al enfatizar en la implementación de los aspectos de la globalización empresarial, se incrementará de manera favorable la gestión de la calidad y de la innovación en las organizaciones empresariales.

ABSTRACT Globalization encompasses economic, political, legal and social aspects of the different countries of the world. This phenomenon is advancing in giant steps, eliminating distances and reaching places never imagined, establishing new challenges in the advancement of knowledge, transformation and the culture of nations. A research process was carried out with the aim of determining the main effects of business globalization on quality management and innovation in Ecuadorian business organizations. The study was based on a quantitative approach and a correlational design. It was carried out on 85 postgraduate students of the Polytechnic Higher College the Chimborazo, Ecuador, who work as entrepreneurs. The results obtained show that the cause and effect of the variables according to Rho Spearman, due to the non-normality of the data, between business globalization and the effects on quality management and innovation is very high and highly significant. This determines that by emphasizing the implementation of the aspects of business globalization, quality and innovation management in business organizations will increase favorably.

Abstract Introduction The newborn hearing screening (NHS) test aims the early diagnostic of hearing deficits that may also harm the full development of communication and learning of the affected child. Objective Trace the clinical and epidemiological profile of children born between July 2016 and July 2019; in addition to the outcome of the NHSs and factors related to failure in the hearing tests at a maternity of a tertiary hospital in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods The present is a cross-sectional study. A census of those born in the period defined for study was performed and a script was developed for the review of medical records, based on the literature. Results The sample can be considered homogeneous in relation to gender and age. The pregnant women had an average of 30.9 years. There were 30 neonates (1.9%) that did not undergo NHS. New evaluations were required in 288 patients (18.2%). Finally, 24 (1.5% of the population) remained with insufficient results in the retest. The following variables achieved statistical relevance with higher failure rates in tests and/or retests: natural delivery (p = 0.007), arterial hypertension present (p = 0.002), use of hydralazine (p = 0.038), and use of dipyrone in the test (p = 0.041) and retest (p = 0.003). Younger mothers had higher levels of normality in the test (p = 0.003) and retest (p = 0.161). The correlations between the other variables and the outcomes were not statistically significant. Conclusion False positives (62.8%) in the first test showed a value higher than the ideal goal; those who did not undergo the NHS (1.9%) and who needed evaluation by a specialist, due to failure in the retest (1.5%), are within the quality goals defined by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH) in 2007. (NHS child 201 2019 Catarina Brazil crosssectional cross sectional records literature age 309 9 30. years 3 1.9% 19 1 (1.9% 28 18.2%. 182 18.2% . 18 2 (18.2%) Finally 1.5% 15 5 (1.5 population andor or retests p 0.007, 0007 0.007 , 0 007 0.007) 0.002, 0002 0.002 002 0.002) 0.038, 0038 0.038 038 0.038) 0.041 0041 041 0.003. 0003 0.003 003 0.161. 0161 0.161 161 0.161) significant 62.8% 628 62 8 (62.8% goal specialist 1.5%, (1.5%) JCIH (JCIH 2007 20 1.9 (1.9 18.2 (18.2% 1.5 (1. 000 0.00 00 0.03 03 0.04 004 04 016 0.16 16 62.8 6 (62.8 200 1. 18. (18.2 (1 0.0 01 0.1 62. (62. (18. ( 0. (62 (18 (6

Abstract University education has changed substantially as a function of the conditions required by the health emergency. The purpose of the study was to identify the attitudes of Peruvian university teaching staff towards work activity, in post-pandemic times, in a public university in Tacna, Peru. It was carried out in the second semester of the 2021 academic year. The research was framed in the quantitative approach, descriptive exploratory research, non-experimental cross-sectional design. There was a sample of 32 university teaching mothers and 42 university teaching fathers. The questionnaire was assigned and implemented online. Content validity was applied and obtained a high reliability. The results showed that university parent teachers presented a favorable attitude level in the cognitive, affective and behavioral dimensions, while university mother teachers presented an unfavorable attitude level in the cognitive, affective and behavioral dimensions, due to the lack of support, product of the social isolation that has led to configure a post-pandemic feminized context that responds to the changes caused by the health emergency and the transition from face-to-face education to remote education in emergency. It is necessary the reconstruction of work practices, in relation to teaching, research, extension, management and domestic work, under a new normality of reality, in order to provide welfare and health to university teaching staff.

Resumen La educación universitaria ha cambiado de manera sustancial en función de las condiciones exigidas por la emergencia sanitaria. El estudio tuvo el propósito de identificar las actitudes del personal docente universitario peruano hacia la actividad laboral, en tiempos de postpandemia, en una universidad pública de Tacna, Perú. Se desarrolló en el segundo semestre del año académico 2021. La investigación se enmarcó en el enfoque cuantitativo, investigación exploratoria descriptiva, diseño no experimental transversal. Se contó con una muestra de 32 madres docentes universitarias y 42 padres docentes universitarios. El cuestionario fue asignado e implementado en línea. Se le aplicó validez de contenido y obtuvo una confiabilidad alta. Los resultados reflejaron que los docentes padres universitarios presentaron un nivel de actitud favorables en las dimensiones cognitiva, afectiva y conductual, mientras que las docentes madres universitarias presentaron un nivel de actitud desfavorables en las dimensiones cognitiva, afectiva y conductual, por la carencia de apoyo, producto del aislamiento social que ha llevado a configurar un contexto postpandémico feminizado que responde a los cambios provocados por la emergencia sanitaria y el tránsito de la educación presencial a la remota en emergencia . Es necesaria la reconstrucción de las prácticas de las labores, en relación con la docencia, investigación, extensión, gestión y trabajo doméstico, bajo una nueva normalidad de la realidad, con el objeto de proporcionar bienestar y salud al personal docente universitario.

ABSTRACT This paper reviews the main characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic, that showed the need of an interdisciplinary, integrated, compromised, fast answer of the science community in order to knew the phenomenon, to controlled and prevent, of the speed in the development and application of the scientific results, of the international interchange and collaboration, of the updating of the information in real time, of the participation of scientific institution, industry, governments, international organizations and the population. As it was evident in the Cuban case, to face such phenomenon it is required the politic will and the leadership of the government in order to mobilize economical and social sectors, with a high humanitarian sense, focus in the collaboration and the conscious commitment, the action of executives, workers and communities. COVID-19 will keep coexisting with us as and endemic. The construction of a new normality, better and fairer than the one that brought us here, requires to face all the dimensions of a complex reality, where it must be faced the unfair economic global order and the right to development of all countries must be accomplished.

RESUMEN El presente trabajo pasa revista a las características principales de la pandemia COVID-19, que demostró la necesidad de una respuesta comprometida, integrada, interdisciplinaria y rápida de la comunidad científica para conocer el fenómeno (en su magnitud y aristas), controlar y prevenir, de rapidez en su desarrollo y aplicación de los resultados científicos, del intercambio y la colaboración internacional, de la actualización de la información en tiempo real, de la participación de las instituciones científicas, la industria, los gobiernos, las organizaciones internacionales y las poblaciones. Como queda evidenciado en el caso de Cuba, para enfrentar un fenómeno tal se requiere de la voluntad política y del liderazgo del gobierno que movilice los sectores sociales y económicos, con un alto sentido humanitario, que centre en la colaboración y el compromiso consciente, el actuar de directivos, trabajadores y las comunidades. La COVID-19 seguirá coexistiendo con nosotros como endemia. La construcción de una “nueva normalidad”, mejor y más justa que la que nos trajo hasta aquí, requiere enfrentar todas las dimensiones de una compleja realidad, donde se debe enfrentar el injusto orden económico global y lograr el derecho al desarrollo de todas las naciones y pueblos.

ABSTRACT The objective of this research is to determine the reasons in the practice of physical exercise, and its relationship with the physical condition -agility, flexibility, explosive strength- of adolescent martial art athletes in the new normal. The sample is made up of 56 taekwondo athletes and 18 karate athletes. The Reasons to Practice Physical Exercise Self-report (AMPEF, for its name in Spanish) was used, as well as the tests of Illinois, sit and reach and vertical jump quantified agility, flexibility of the hamstring muscles and explosive strength of the lower body. Statistical analysis-Pearson's correlation coefficient-was performed between motivations and physical condition. The main motivational factors of the adolescent athletes were prevention and positive health (M=8.9; SD=1.69), challenge (M=8.9; SD=1.8), and fun and well-being (M=8.6; SD=1,9). Physical tests showed excellent results in agility and flexibility but explosive strength was below average. There were positive correlations between the abilities of agility (0.86 in men and 0.80 in women), strength (0.90 in men and 0.84 in women), and their corresponding motivational factors, as well as a negative correlation between flexibility (-0.88 in men and -0.90 in women) and their respective motivation. It is concluded that the results of the AMPEF questionnaire and levels of agility, flexibility, and explosive strength are correlated either positively or negatively, with high values in Pearson's coefficient. This means that teenage martial athletes are aware of their physical abilities and show motivation to improve their skills.

RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa é determinar os motivos da prática de exercício físico e sua relação com a condição física - agilidade, flexibilidade, força explosiva - em atletas marciais adolescentes na nova normalidade. A amostra é composta por 56 atletas de taekwondo e 18 de caratê. Foi utilizado o Autorrelato dos Motivos para a Prática de Exercício Físico (AMPEF) e os testes de: Illinois, sentar e alcançar e salto vertical quantificaram agilidade, flexibilidade dos músculos isquiotibiais e força explosiva da parte inferior do corpo. A análise estatística -coeficiente de correlação de Pearson- entre motivações e condição física foi concluída. Os principais fatores motivacionais dos adolescentes marciais foram: Prevenção e saúde positiva (M=8,9; DE=1,69), desafio (M=8,9; DE=1,8), diversão e bem-estar (M=8,6, DP=1,9). Os testes físicos apresentam excelentes resultados em agilidade e flexibilidade, a força explosiva está abaixo da média. Existem correlações positivas entre habilidades de agilidade (0,86 em homens e 0,80 em mulheres), força (0,90 em homens e 0,84 em mulheres) e seus correspondentes fatores motivacionais, e uma correlação negativa entre flexibilidade (-0,88 em homens e -0,90 em mulheres); mulheres) e suas respectivas motivações. Conclui-se que os resultados do questionário AMPEF e os níveis de agilidade, flexibilidade e força explosiva estão correlacionados positiva ou negativamente, com altos valores no coeficiente de Pearson, significa que os adolescentes marciais estão cientes de suas habilidades físicas e demonstraram motivação para melhorar suas habilidades.

RESUMEN El objetivo de la presente investigación consiste en determinar los motivos en la práctica de ejercicio físico y relación con la condición física -agilidad, flexibilidad, fuerza explosiva- en deportistas marciales adolescentes en la nueva normalidad. La muestra está constituida por 56 deportistas de taekwondo y 18 de kárate. Se utilizó el Autoinforme de Motivos para la Práctica de Ejercicio Físico (AMPEF) y los test de: Illinois, sit and reach y salto vertical cuantificaron la agilidad, flexibilidad de musculatura isquiotibial y fuerza explosiva de tren inferior. Se cumplió análisis estadístico -coeficiente de correlación de Pearson- entre motivaciones y condición física. Los principales factores motivacionales de los adolescentes marciales fueron: Prevención y salud positiva (M=8,9; DE=1,69), desafío (M=8,9; DE=1,8), diversión y bienestar (M=8,6; DE=1,9). Los test físicos evidencian excelentes resultados en agilidad y flexibilidad, la fuerza explosiva está por debajo de la media. Existen correlaciones positivas entre las capacidades de agilidad (0.86 en hombres y 0.80 en mujeres), fuerza (0.90 en hombres y 0.84 en mujeres) y sus correspondientes factores motivacionales, y una correlación negativa entre la flexibilidad (-0.88 en hombres y -0.90 en mujeres) y su motivación respectiva. Se concluye que los resultados del cuestionario AMPEF y niveles de agilidad, flexibilidad y fuerza explosiva se correlacionan ya sea positiva o negativamente, con valores altos en el coeficiente de Pearson, significa que los adolescentes marciales están conscientes de sus capacidades físicas y mostraron motivación para mejorar sus habilidades.

Abstract Objective To characterize the sociodemographic and clinical variables of people with intestinal stomas. Materials and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with 47 patients of a Specialized Rehabilitation Center (CER II/APAE) in the municipality of Três Lagoas, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Midwestern Brazil, from December 2019 to June 2020. Data was analyzed using inferential descriptive statistics (Anderson-Darling, Chi-squared, and Mann-Whitney normality tests). Results Regarding the patients, 87.23% were from Três Lagoas, 51.06% were female, 40.43% were aged from 60 to 69 years, 59.57% were married, 53.19% were brown, 59.57% were catholic, 36.17% finished elementary school, 46.81% were retired, and 57.45% earned a monthly income below 1 minimum wage. Moreover, 61.70% had undergone terminal colostomy (61.70%), 61.70% had received guidance about its placing, 57.45% had it placed due to situations of urgency, 74.47% had a stoma installed due to a neoplasia, 38.30% were permanent, with 46.81% located in the inferior left quadrant (ILQ), 59.57% presented pasty effluent, 63.83% had a circular diameter, 53.19% had pouches with 2 pieces and 57.45%, with a flexible base, 87.23% had other adjunct equipment, and 95.74% had been trained in self-care. The most common complication was skin/peristomal irritant contact dermatitis (59,57%), and 65,95% of these cases were solved by teaching self-care. The type of stoma was significantly associated with the consistency of the effluent and the size of the protrusion (p> 0.05). Conclusion The results found can support strategies to implement practices to promote health, develop new public policies, to provide training in self-care, and prevent and treat complications. stomas crosssectional cross sectional 4 CER II/APAE IIAPAE II APAE Lagoas Sul Brazil 201 2020 AndersonDarling, AndersonDarling Anderson Darling, Darling (Anderson-Darling Chisquared, Chisquared Chi squared, squared Chi-squared MannWhitney Mann Whitney tests. tests . tests) 8723 87 23 87.23 5106 51 06 51.06 female 4043 40 43 40.43 6 years 5957 59 57 59.57 married 5319 53 19 53.19 brown catholic 3617 36 17 36.17 school 4681 46 81 46.81 retired 5745 45 57.45 wage Moreover 6170 61 70 61.70 61.70%, , (61.70%) placing urgency 7447 74 74.47 neoplasia 3830 38 30 38.30 permanent ILQ, ILQ (ILQ) 6383 63 83 63.83 diameter base equipment 9574 95 95.74 selfcare. selfcare self care. care self-care skinperistomal skin peristomal 59,57%, 59,57% (59,57%) 6595 65 65,95 p> p (p 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) health policies selfcare, care, complications 20 202 872 8 87.2 510 5 51.0 404 40.4 595 59.5 531 53.1 361 3 36.1 468 46.8 574 57.4 617 7 61.7 (61.70% 744 74.4 383 38.3 (ILQ 638 63.8 957 9 95.7 59,57 (59,57% 659 65,9 00 0.0 87. 51. 40. 59. 53. 36. 46. 57. 61. (61.70 74. 38. 63. 95. 59,5 (59,57 65, 0. (61.7 59, (59,5 (61. (59, (61 (59 (6 (5 (

ABSTRACT Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, neurodegenerative, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that significantly compromises cognitive functions. In Paraguay, it occurs with a prevalence of 9.2/100,000 inhabitants, 72% in the clinical form of relapsing remission (RRMS) and an incidence of 2 to 3 women/men, affecting more people of productive age with high economic and emotional costs. Objectives: To characterize the Paraguayan patient with RRMS, to assess the state of their executive functions (EFs) with the BaNFE-2 battery, and to establish cut-off values adjusted to the country. Methods: Research based on the theory of cognitive neuroscience of non-experimental, quantitative and descriptive design for analytical purposes. It is empirical, retrospective and cross-sectional. The psychometric technique and neuropsychological interview were used in a convenience sample of 40 patients aged 25 to 55 (37.78 ± 7.89) and 82.5% women. Results: Demographic and clinical data of the participants were reported. The BaNFE-2 coded and normalized scales were statistically characterized, the internal consistency of which was significant. 52.5% of the alteration was obtained in the anterior prefrontal scale and 42.5% in FEs; there are significant relationships with schooling, physical disability (PD), number of outbreaks and cognitive impairment (CI); there were also significant differences by sex, education, PD and CI. Standardized scores adjusted for schooling were calculated such that z<-1 establishes the cutoff between normality and abnormality. Conclusion: BaNFE-2 battery tests profile the affectation of execution time, attention, working memory, and FEs. This study provides the adjusted scales for the country and opens a new line of research applying the BaNFE-2 battery in people with MS.

RESUMEN Introducción: la esclerosis múltiple (EM), enfermedad crónica del sistema nervioso (SNC), compromete significativamente la cognición. Su prevalencia en Paraguay es 9,2/100.000 habitantes, 72% con recaída remisión (EMRR) e incidencia de 2-3mujeres/hombre, afecta más a personas en edad productiva, con altos costos económicos y afectivos. Objetivos: caracterizar al paciente con EMRR, evaluar sus funciones ejecutivas (FEs) con BaNFE-2; establecer valores de corte ajustados al país. Metodología: con fundamento en teoría de la neurociencia cognitiva, diseño no experimental, cuantitativo, descriptivo, empírico, retrospectivo y transversal; técnica psicométrica y entrevista neuropsicológica en una muestra por conveniencia de 40 pacientes, 82,5% mujeres y edad 25-55 años (37,78±7,89). Resultados: se reportaron datos demográficos y clínicos, se caracterizaron las escalas de BaNFE-2 cuya consistencia interna resultó significativa. Se obtuvo 52,5% de alteración en la escala prefrontal y 42,5% en FEs; relaciones significativas con escolaridad, discapacidad física (DF), cantidad de brotes y deterioro cognitivo (DC); diferencias significativas por sexo, escolaridad, DF y DC. Se calcularon puntuaciones tipificadas por escolaridad, z<-1 establece el corte entre normalidad y alteración. Conclusión: las pruebas de BaNFE-2 perfilan la afectación del tiempo de ejecución, atención, memoria de trabajo y FEs. Este estudio aporta baremos ajustados al país y abre una novedosa línea de investigación aplicando BaNFE-2 en EM.

Resumo As mudanças globais na economia e a “nova normalidade” como um modo de vida diário significam que o conceito de Imagem está mudando para encontrar um novo local que nos permita responder às novas variáveis que cada pessoa enfrenta. A percepção do tempo, distância sem distância, a virtualidade da imagem define uma nova maneira de significar o conceito de imagem. Sem dúvida, isso também afeta não apenas a percepção, mas a maneira de estruturar o ensino de aspectos como a Cor, quando se acreditava que era impossível ensiná-lo ou diagnosticá-lo com virtualmente a mesma qualidade com que as técnicas são aplicadas pessoalmente. Todas essas variáveis compõem um novo paradigma que marca uma nova direção dentro da linha de pesquisa conceitual em 360º Imagem que começamos a desenvolver em 2019 Diversos autores e especialistas em imagem de países de culturas e costumes tão diferentes quanto Índia, Áustria, México, Brasil e a Argentina compartilham nesta nova edição da UP Academic Cuadernos os novos desafios que têm 2020 como ponto de partida, para que possamos repensar a Imagem conceitualmente neste contexto com um final aberto.

Resumen Los cambios globales en la economía y la “nueva normalidad” como forma de vida diaria hacen que el concepto de Imagen esté cambiando hacia el encuentro de una nueva ubicación que permita dar respuesta frente a nuevas variables con las que se enfrenta cada persona. La percepción del tiempo, la distancia sin distancias, la virtualidad de la imagen define una nueva forma de significar el concepto Imagen. Sin duda esto afecta también no sólo lo perceptible sino la forma de estructurar la enseñanza de aspectos tales como el Color, cuando se creía que era imposible enseñarlo o diagnosticarlo virtualmente con la misma calidad con las que se aplica las técnicas en forma presencial. Todas estas variables conforman un nuevo paradigma que marca un nuevo rumbo dentro de la línea de investigación conceptual en Imagen 360º que comenzamos a desarrollar en 2019 Diversos autores y expertos en Imagen de países con culturas y costumbres tan disímiles como India, Austria, México, Brasil y Argentina nos comparten en esta nueva edición de Cuadremos Académicos de la UP los nuevos desafíos que tienen al 2020 como punto de partida para que podamos repensar conceptualmente la Imagen dentro de este contexto con final abierto.

Abstract The global changes in the economy and the “new normality” as a daily way of life mean that the concept of Image is changing towards finding a new location that allows us to respond to new variables that each person is facing. The perception of time, distance without distances, the virtuality of the image defines a new way of meaning the image concept. Without a doubt this also affects not only the perceivable but the way of structuring the teaching of aspects such as Color, when it was believed that it was impossible to teach or diagnose it with virtually the same quality with which the techniques are applied in person. All these variables make up a new paradigm that marks a new direction within the line of conceptual research in 360º Image that we began to develop in 2019 Diverse authors and experts in Image from countries with cultures and customs as dissimilar as India, Austria, Mexico, Brazil and Argentina share in this new edition of UP Academic Cuadernos the new challenges that have 2020 as a starting point so that we can rethink the Image conceptually in this context with an open end.

Resumo O conceito de uma pandemia global forçou a mudar a comunicação interpessoal de forma abrupta. Dentro dessa adaptação, o conceito de imagem como tal está desenvolvendo sua reformulação. Hoje mais do que nunca Imagem é percepção e comunicação. Neste trabalho, você verá como a pergunta sobre o que é a Imagem foi reformulada quase por si mesma. Como especialistas em imagem, hoje aparecem diante de nós aspectos da vida de outras pessoas que não vimos antes, novas necessidades da imagem pessoal dos clientes, que pedem para incorporar um novo aprendizado sobre sua própria imagem e como ela se comunica. Aos demais. Hoje, os clientes percebem que sua marca pessoal é fundamental na comunicação nesse novo normal. A ressignificação do conceito de imagem iniciou uma mudança sem retorno, colocando um novo desafio na profissão.

Resumen El concepto de Pandemia mundial ha forzado a cambiar la comunicación interpersonal en una forma abrupta. Dentro de esta adaptación, el concepto de Imagen como tal está elaborando su reformulación. Hoy más que nunca Imagen es percepción y comunicación. En este trabajo se podrá ver como la pregunta sobre qué es la Imagen se ha reformulado casi por sí sola. Como especialistas en Imagen, hoy aparecen frente a nosotros aspectos de la vida de los otros que antes no veíamos, necesidades nuevas a partir de la imagen personal por parte de los clientes, que piden incorporar un nuevo aprendizaje sobre su propia Imagen y como ésta comunica a los demás. Hoy los clientes perciben que su Personal Branding es clave dentro de la comunicación en esta nueva normalidad. La resignificación del concepto Imagen ha iniciado un cambio sin retorno planteando un nuevo desafío en la profesión.

Abstract The concept of a global pandemic has forced to change interpersonal communication in an abrupt way. Within this adaptation, the concept of Image as such is developing its reformulation. Today more than ever Image is perception and communication. In this work you will see how the question about what the Image is has been reformulated almost by itself. As Image specialists, today there appear before us aspects of the lives of others that we did not see before, new needs from the personal image of clients, who ask to incorporate a new learning about their own Image and how it communicates to others. Today customers perceive that their Personal Branding is key in communication in this new normal. The resignification of the Image concept has initiated a change without return posing a new challenge in the profession.