Resumen Introducción: Las abejas sin aguijón están muy extendidas en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales. En Indonesia, la distribución de las abejas sin aguijón se agrupa en tres regiones: Indo-Malayan, Wallacea e Indo-Australian. Se han registrado diez especies de abejas sin aguijón en Papua, siete de las cuales son endémicas. La Reserva Natural de las Montañas Cycloop (CMNR) es una de las áreas para la conservación de flora y la fauna en Papua, Indonesia. Desafortunadamente, el estudio de la diversidad de abejas sin aguijón en Papua ha sido limitado. Objetivo: Medir la diversidad, los sitios de anidación y describir la arquitectura y características de entrada al nido de las abejas sin aguijón. Métodos: Se observaron los nidos de abejas sin aguijón en reservas naturales y áreas residenciales, mediante el método de muestreo de caminos e información de la población local, respectivamente. Se estudiaron 22 colonias. Resultados: Se encontraron dos especies de abejas sin aguijón, Tetragonula sapiens (Cockerell, 1911) y Heterotrigona (Platytrigona) planifrons (Smith, 1865). Este estudio mostró nuevos registros de distribución de T. sapiens y H. planifrons en el CMNR. El sitio de anidación de T. sapiens se encontró comúnmente en los cimientos de las casas, mientras que el de H. planifrons estaba en las cavidades de las palmas de coco. La forma de la entrada al nido de T. sapiens varió: elíptica, ovalada, redondeada, irregular, alargada horizontal o verticalmente. Mientras tanto, la entrada al de H. planifrons se alarga verticalmente. Las celdas de cría de T. sapiens variaron, entre verticales, horizontales o semi-racimos, mientras que en H. planifrons eran verticales. Conclusiones: Se encontraron dos especies de abejas sin aguijón, T. sapiens y H. planifrons, que mostraron nuevos registros de distribución y T. sapiens fue una especie dominante en Papúa. La entrada al nido de las especies varió en forma, color y textura.

Abstract Introduction: Stingless bees are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. In Indonesia, the distribution of stingless bees are grouped in three regions, namely Indo-Malayan, Wallacea, and Indo-Australian. Ten species of stingless bees have been recorded in Papua, seven of which are endemic. The Cycloop Mountains Nature Reserve (CMNR) is one of the conservation area in Papua, Indonesia, for flora and fauna. Unfortunately, the study of the diversity of stingless bees in Papua has been limited. Objective: To measure the diversity, nesting sites, nest entrance characteristics and nest architecture of stingless bees. Methods: Observation of the stingless bee nests in the nature reserves and in the residential areas used a road sampling method and information from local people, respectively. A total of 22 colonies were studied. Results: Two species of stingless bee were found, namely Tetragonula sapiens (Cockerell, 1911) and Heterotrigona (Platytrigona) planifrons (Smith, 1865). The current study showed new distribution records for T. sapiens and H. planifrons in the CMNR. The nesting site of T. sapiens was commonly found in house foundation, while that of H. planifrons was in coconut palm cavities. The nest entrance of T. sapiens varied, i.e., elliptical, oval, rounded, irregular, horizontally or vertically elongated. Meanwhile, the nest entrance of H. planifrons was vertically elongated. The brood cells of T. sapiens varied, i.e., vertical, horizontal, or semi-clusters, while in H. planifrons was layered vertically. Conclusions: Two species of stingless bees found, T. sapiens and H. planifrons, showed a new distribution records and T. sapiens was a dominant species in Papua. The nest entrance of the species varied in shape, color, and texture.

ABSTRACT The Monk Parakeet Myiopsitta monachus has colonized cities in several regions of the world. We aimed to assess the current status of the population of Myiopsitta monachus in La Plata city (Buenos Aires Provin-ce), Argentina, located within the original distribution range of the species. We aimed to describe the charac-teristics of the nests and the trees where they were built, and to assess changes over time. We surveyed all the tree groves in green spaces and recorded 671 nests and 1,344 chambers in 288 trees. Most of the trees where Myiopsitta monachus nested corresponded to Eucalyptus sp., while the rest corresponded to Araucaria angustifolia, Pinus sp., and Platanus sp. Most nests had only one chamber, and were built on primary branches and in the first third of the branch. Between 2008 and 2016, the number of nests and trees with nests was tripled, and the num-ber of chambers was quadrupled. The relative percentage of nests with a single chamber decreased throughout the period studied. Our observations support the hypothesis that Monk Parakeets tend to increase the number of chambers per nest rather than build new nests.

RESUMEN La Cotorra Myiopsitta monachus ha colonizado ciudades en muchos lugares del mundo. En este trabajo evaluamos el estado actual de la población de este psitácido en la ciudad de La Plata, Buenos Aires (Argentina), ubicada dentro del rango de distribución original de la especie. Nos propusimos describir las características de nidos y árboles donde fueron construidos y evaluar cambios a través del tiempo. Inspeccionamos arboledas en espacios verdes urbanos y registramos 671 nidos y 1344 cámaras en 288 árboles. La mayoría de los árboles donde anidaron correspondieron a Eucalyptus sp., mientras que el resto correspondió a Araucaria angustifolia, Pinus sp. y Platanus sp. La mayoría de los nidos tenían sólo una cámara, fueron construidos sobre ramas primarias y en el primer tercio de rama. Entre 2008 y 2016 se triplicó el número de nidos y árboles con nidos y se cuadriplicó el número de cámaras. El porcentaje relativo de nidos con una cámara disminuyó a lo largo del período estudiado. Nuestras observaciones respaldan la hipótesis de que las cotorras tienden a aumentar el número de cámaras en lugar de construir nuevos nidos.

Resumen Se presenta el primer registro de la traza fósil Elipsoideichnus meyeri Roselli, 1987, de afloramientos de la cantera Prefectura Naval Argentina, Parque Nacional El Palmar, Colón (provincia de Entre Ríos), Argentina. E. meyeri consiste en un nido de abeja fósil helicoidal, hasta la fecha solo registrado en la Formación Asencio (Cuenca Norte) del suroeste de Uruguay. El nuevo espécimen fue encontrado en rocas tradicionalmente asignadas a la Formación Puerto Yeruá (Cuenca Chaco Paraná), consideradas del Cretácico Superior sobre la base del contenido paleontológico de estratos correlativos en el área, conformado por restos de dinosaurios y plantas. Sin embargo, el marco estratigráfico más confiable para la localidad de estudio debería mantener los nombres litoestratigráficos de la Cuenca Norte de Uruguay, siendo el principal argumento para la presencia de una discordancia regional entre las formaciones Guichón y Mercedes, lo que imposibilita la asignación de este nuevo registro a la Formación Puerto Yeruá. Las facies observadas y este nuevo registro en sí permitieron la asignación preliminar de los estratos portadores de E. meyeri de la Prefectura Naval Argentina a la Formación Asencio, reforzado por el registro que aquí se presenta ya que no existe evidencia tafonómica que apoye un transporte significativo horizontal o vertical del mismo. Sobre la asignación cronoestratigráfica de este registro, no existen elementos concluyentes para ubicarlo dentro del Cretácico Superior o Eoceno, siendo un hecho aún en análisis. Este registro amplía la distribución geográfica de este icnotaxón, permitiendo el desarrollo de nuevas investigaciones en el área, reabriendo interrogantes relacionados con la paleobiología y la cronoestratigrafía de abejas antiguas en esta zona del sur de América del Sur.

Abstract We present the first record of the trace fossil Elipsoideichnus meyeri Roselli, 1987, from out-crops of the Prefectura Naval Argentina quarry, Parque Nacional El Palmar, Colón (Entre Ríos province), Argentina. E. meyeri consists of a singular helicoidal fossil bee nest, to date only recorded from the Asencio Formation (Norte Basin) of southwestern Uruguay. The new specimen came from rocks tra-ditionally assigned to the Puerto Yeruá Formation (Chaco Paraná Basin), considered Upper Cretaceous in age based on paleontological content of correlative strata in the area, composed of dinosaur and plant remains. However, the most reliable stratigraphic framework for the studied locality should keep the lithostratigraphic names of the Norte Basin of Uruguay, being the main argument for the presence of a regional unconformity between Guichón and Mercedes formations, which precludes the assignment of this new record to the Puerto Yeruá Formation. Observed facies and this new record itself allowed the preliminary assignation of Prefectura Naval Argentina E. meyeri-hosting strata to the Asencio Formation, which is reinforced by the record presented here itself due to there are no taphonomic evidence supporting significant transport horizontally or vertically. About the chronostratigraphic assignment of this record, there are no concluding elements to locate it within the Upper Cretaceous or Eocene, being a matter of fact and still in flux. This record expands the geographical distribution of this ichnotaxon, allowing the development of further research in this area and, re-opening questions related to the palaeobiology and chronostratigraphy of ancient bees in this area of southern South America.

Resumen El garrobo (Ctenosaura similis) se encuentra principalmente en ambientes xéricos en la vertiente del Pacífico de Mesoamérica. La especie ha sido considerada omnívora, con un cambio ontogenético en su dieta; los juveniles son insectívoros y los adultos son principalmente herbívoros. El garrobo consume diferentes tipos de materia vegetal y animal, sin embargo, hay pocos informes de eventos concretos de depredación. Aquí reportamos la depredación de la paloma ala blanca (Zenaida asiatica) por el garrobo en Costa Rica. Una paloma adulta fue capturada en el nido por un garrobo, y el único volantón del nido fue depredado por otro garrobo hembra cuando cayó al suelo después del evento de depredación. La paloma ala blanca ha incrementado su distribución y abundancia y explota principalmente hábitats abiertos donde anida incluso en infraestructuras de humanos, donde queda expuesta a depredadores que habitan principalmente en este tipo de hábitat como el garrobo. Discutimos el contexto de este evento de depredación y agregamos a la paloma ala blanca a una lista basada en la recopilación de presas reportadas como consumidas por el garrobo tanto en su área de distribución natural como en sitios donde ha sido introducido.

Abstract The Black Iguana (Ctenosaura similis) mainly inhabits xeric environments at the Pacific slope of Mesoamerica. It has been considered omnivorous, showing ontogenetic changes; juveniles are insectivorous, while adults are primarily herbivorous. The Black Iguana consumes several types of plant and animal material; however, there are very few reports of the actual predation events. Here we report the predation by the Black Iguana in Costa Rica upon a White-winged Dove (Zenaida asiatica). A female Black Iguana took one adult from its nest, and the only nestling of the nest was predated by another female Black Iguana when it fell to the ground after the predation event. The White-winged Dove has increased its distribution and abundance, exploiting mainly open habitats, including nesting in human infrastructure, where it is exposed to predators inhabiting this habitat, such as the Black Iguana. We discuss the context of this predation event and add the White-winged Dove to a list based on the compilation of prey reported as consumed by the Black Iguana both in its natural distribution area and in sites where it has been introduced.

ABSTRACT The Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus (Gmelin, 1788) has a wide distribution through Americas, from Canada and Alaska to Argentina and Uruguay. Beside common, several aspects of its natural history are still poorly known, especially at Neotropical Region. The aim of this study was to obtain data regarding to the home range, nesting and feeding habits of Bubo virginianus in the Brazilian Pampas. This study was conducted from April 2015 to April 2018, in Santa Margarida do Sul, central region of Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. The study area presents patches of Eucaliptus spp. tree, under which the vegetation is composed by grass with some spine bushes. The surrounding area of the main patch of Eucaliptus is used for extensive cattle ranch and rice and soy crops. Data was collected by direct observation, with unless one visit each 15 days during the non-reproductive period, and unless one visit per week during the breeding season. In these observations we checked the use of the nest and the use of diurnal resting perches, where we collected pellets for diet analyses. Considering 95% of locations, the home range of the pair of great horned owl was estimated as 0.35 km² considering MCP method or 0.41 km² considering Kernel estimates. Individuals seem interested in bordering locations of the home range during night and the center of the area for resting during the daylight. The nest was used for a period of three months, in three consecutive breeding seasons. Breeding season is related to the austral winter, with one or two chicks hatching near late winter. The juveniles stayed with the parents for up to 10 months (7 to 10 months) and dispersed from the parents’ home range in the autumn of the next year. Furthermore, diet was based in rodents, especially Holochilus vulpinus (Brants, 1827), and birds, following a common pattern for this species.

RESUMO O jacurutu Bubo virginianus (Gmelin, 1788) tem ampla distribuição pela América, estendendo-se desde o Alasca e norte do Canadá, até o centro da Argentina e Uruguai. Apesar de relativamente comum, diferentes aspectos da história natural desta espécie ainda permanecem pouco conhecidos, sobretudo na Região Neotropical. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi obter informações referentes à área de vida utilizada por B. virginianus, sua biologia reprodutiva e dieta no Pampa brasileiro. O estudo foi realizado entre abril de 2015 e abril de 2018, no município de Santa Margarida do Sul, região central do Pampa brasileiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A área de estudo conta com capões de Eucaliptus spp., sob os quais a vegetação é predominantemente formada por gramíneas, com manchas de arbustos espinhosos em pontos específicos. Os arredores do capão principal são utilizados para criação extensiva de gado em campo nativo além de cultivos de soja e arroz. A coleta de dados foi baseada no acompanhamento visual dos indivíduos com ao menos uma observação quinzenal durante o período não reprodutivo, e ao menos uma observação semanal durante o período de utilização do ninho. Além do ninho, foram verificados os poleiros de descanso dos indivíduos monitorados e coletadas as egagrópilas regurgitadas, para posterior estudo de seus hábitos alimentares. A área de vida utilizada pelo casal foi estimada em 0,35 km² pelo método do MCP, ou 0,41 km² baseado em estimativas pelo método de Kernel. Os indivíduos parecem demonstrar interesse por locais limítrofes da área de vida durante a noite e preferindo a parte central da mesma para abrigo/descanso durante o dia. O tempo de utilização do ninho foi de três meses em todos os períodos reprodutivos. A estação reprodutiva da espécie está relacionada ao pico do inverno, com um a dois filhotes nascendo próximo ao final da estação. Os filhotes permaneceram na área de vida dos pais por um período de sete até dez de meses, dispersando durante os meses do outono do ano seguinte. Por fim, a dieta foi baseada em roedores, sobretudo Holochilus vulpinus (Brants, 1827) e aves, seguindo um padrão já conhecido para espécie.

ABSTRACT Research on olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) has emphasized egg-laying females and neonates, using data collected on nesting beaches, but no systematic studies on morphological characteristics by size and sex have been published. This research describes the morphometry of free-living olive ridley sea turtles from coastal and oceanic waters of the Mexican Central Pacific captured and released from 2011 through 2013. A total of 3469 km was surveyed, and 142 sea turtles were evaluated by sex, size class, marine area, and geographic region for nine corporal measurements and their allometric relationships. The average curved carapace length (CCL) was 62.12 cm, range 42-94 cm. Significant differences were found by sex and size class with total tail length (TTL) (♂ = 26.33 cm, ♀ = 12.4 cm); similarly with vent to tail tip length (VTTL) (♂ = 6.38 cm, ♀ = 3.86 cm); and for rear flipper length (RFL) (♂ = 28.17 cm, ♀ = 38.62 cm, immatures = 23.80 cm). Turtles from the coastal region of Colima-Michoacán showed longer CCL = 62.46 cm and wider CW = 66.58 cm. Adult female RFLs showed positive allometry, b = 1.098, suggesting an accelerated growth of the posterior extremities, probably favoring reproductive behaviors, e.g. nest digging and egg-covering. Morphological differences were likely due to ontogenetic sexual distinctions rather than marine area or geographic differences.

Abstract We record for the first time the Darwin wasp species Photocryptus nigrosignatus (Kriechbaumer, 1901) parasitizing nests of the solitary wasp Sceliphron fistularium (Dahlbom, 1843) in the Amazonas state, Brazil, and provide new distribution records for them and S. asiaticum (Linnaeus, 1758), the other species registered to Brazil. Additionally, we also report the emergence of solitary wasp Pachodynerus nasidens Latreille, 1817 (Vespidae), and parasitoid wasps Leucospis sp. (Leucospidae) and Photocryptus sp. in S. fistularium nests.

Resumen Registramos por primera vez a la avispa de Darwin Photocryptus nigrosignatus (Kriechbaumer, 1901) parasitando nidos de la avispa solitaria Sceliphron fistularium (Dahlbom, 1843) en el estado de Amazonas, Brasil, y proporcionamos nuevos registros de distribución para ellas y S. asiaticum (Linnaeus, 1758), la otra especie registrada en Brasil. Adicionalmente, también reportamos la emergencia de la avispa solitaria Pachodynerus nasidens Latreille, 1817 (Vespidae), y las avispas parasitoides Leucospis sp. (Leucospidae) y Photocryptus sp. en nidos de S. fistularium.

Resumen En el presente trabajo presentamos el primer registro de Myotis simus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) para la provincia de Santa Fe y el quinto para la Argentina, luego de 28 años de su último registro en el país. El ejemplar, una hembra adulta preñada, se capturó con red de niebla en un bosque ripario del Sitio Ramsar Jaaukanigás, en el Departamento General Obligado, al noreste de la provincia. Aportamos información sobre aspectos reproductivos y del hábitat donde fue colectado. Este registro permite incrementar las especies conocidas de la provincia a 27 y a su vez, ampliar la distribución previamente conocida de la especie en Argentina en 132 km al sur, lo cual lo convierte en el registro más austral conocido.

Abstract We present the first record of Myotis simus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Santa Fe Province and the fifth record from Argentina, after 28 years since its last record in the country. The specimen, a pregnant adult female, was captured with a mist nest in a riparian forest at the Ramsar Site Jaaukanigás, from General Obligado Department, northeast of the province. We provide information on reproductive aspects and the habitat where the specimen was collected. This record raises the number of bat species of Santa Fe Province to 27 and extends the previously known distribution of the species in Argentina by 132 km to the south, which makes it the southernmost known record.

RESUMEN Las garzas que se reproducen en colonias presentan requerimientos ecológicos similares e intensifican sus relaciones interespecíficas. Sin embargo, estas especies pueden coexistir al segregarse temporal y espacialmente. Se estimó el número de nidos de ocho especies de garzas (Ardea alba, Egretta thula, E. caerulea, E. tricolor, E. rufescens, Bubulcus ibis, Nycticorax nycticorax y Cochlearius cochlearius) durante la temporada reproductiva marzo a agosto de 2018 en Isla Pájaros, Laguna Mar Muerto, Oaxaca-Chiapas, México. Así mismo, se estimaron las abundancias de las parejas reproductoras, el patrón temporal y espacial de reproducción por especie, y se describió el sitio de anidación. Se contaron nidos en 96 parcelas y se midieron ocho variables ambientales. Se registraron 1018 nidos, donde B. ibis presentó el mayor número de parejas reproductoras (299), seguida por E. tricolor (213) y E. thula (142). Las especies menos abundantes fueron C. cochlearius (35) y E. caerulea (33). La distribución de los nidos en la isla varió espacial y temporalmente entre parcelas al igual que la composición de especies y la abundancia de nidos por parcela (P < 0,001). Se registró una distribución vertical en la construcción de los nidos de al menos tres especies, mientras que las cuatro garcitas de similar tamaño (E. thula, E. caerulea, E. tricolor y B. ibis) anidaron juntas en las partes intermedias. Se registraron agrupaciones entre las especies y características de la vegetación. Los patrones de distribución espacial y temporal de estas especies permiten entender el uso de un recurso común durante la reproducción.

ABSTRACT Herons that breed in colonies have similar ecological requirements and intensify their interspecific relationships. However, these species can coexist by segregating temporally and spatially. In this study, the number of nests from eight species of herons (Ardea alba, Egretta thula, E. caerulea, E. tricolor, E. rufescens, Bubulcus ibis, Nycticorax nycticorax, and Cochlearius cochlearius) was estimated during the breeding season from March to August 2018 in Isla Pájaros, Mar Muerto Lagoon, Oaxaca-Chiapas, Mexico. Likewise, the number of breeding pairs, the temporal, and the spatial pattern of reproduction by species were estimated, and the nest sites were described. Nest were counted in 96 plots and eight environmental variables were measured. A total of 1018 nests were recorded, with B. ibis having the highest number of breeding pairs (299), followed by E. tricolor (213) and E. thula (142). The least abundant species were C. cochlearius (35) and E. caerulea (33). Nest distribution on the island was heterogeneous and varied spatial and temporally among plots as did species composition and nest abundance per plot (P < 0.001). A vertical distribution in the nest construction of at least three species was recorded on the island, while the four egrets of similar size (Egretta thula, E. caerulea, E. tricolor, and Bubulcus ibis) nested together in middle parts of the mangrove. Clusters among species and vegetation characteristics were recorded. The spatial and temporal distribution patterns of these species allow us to understand the use of a common resource during reproduction.

Resumen Moroni, P.; N. O’Leary, M. G. Nadra & J. S. Miller. 2022. Sistemática de Cordiaceae en la Argentina I: Revisión taxonómica del género Cordia. Darwiniana, nueva serie 10(1): 35-56. La literatura taxonómica disponible para las especies argentinas de Cordia (Cordiaceae, Boraginales) dista de reflejar las relaciones filogenéticas del linaje tal y como se conoce en la actualidad. Estudios recientes evidencian que Patagonula americana y Saccellium lanceolatum se anidan dentro de Cordia y que cinco especies tradicionalmente circunscritas bajo Cordia deben ser consideradas bajo Varronia. Es por ello que en la presente contribución se comunica un tratamiento taxonómico actualizado de Cordia para la Argentina. Como resultado se provee de una sinonimia completa para las especies aceptadas, así como descripciones morfológicas, mapas de distribución geográfica, nombres comunes, una clave de identificación, usos, ilustraciones, fotografías y estimaciones de su estado de conservación. Adicionalmente, se designa un lectotipo para el nombre Cerdana alliodora y se evidencia por primera vez la presencia de Cordia trichotoma en la provincia de Formosa.

Abstract Moroni, P.; N. O’Leary, M. G. Nadra & J. S. Miller. 2022. Systematics of Cordiaceae in Argentina I: Taxonomic revision of the genus Cordia. Darwiniana, nueva serie 10(1): 35-56. The available taxonomic literature for Cordia species in Argentina (Cordiaceae, Boraginales) does not reflect the currently known phylogenetic relationships of the lineage. Recent studies evidence that Patagonula americana and Saccellium lanceolatum nest within Cordia, and that five species traditionally circumscribed under Cordia should be considered within Varronia. In this context, the present contribution provides an updated taxonomic treatment of Cordia in Argentina. Complete synonymy for all accepted species is provided, and morphological descriptions, geographic distribution maps, common names, an identification key, uses, illustrations, photographs and conservation status. Additionally, a lectotype is designated for the name Cerdana alliodora and Cordia trichotoma is recorded for the first time in Formosa province.

Resumen El conocimiento en ectoparásitos de aves silvestres es fragmentario, a pesar de que el parasitismo en este grupo de vertebrados es omnipresente. El ácaro rojo, Dermanyssus sp, es un parásito obligado de aves silvestres y domésticas. Ocasionalmente infesta mamíferos, incluidos perros, gatos, caballos, ganados y roedores. Este género representa gran importancia en medicina veterinaria para América Latina y cuya distribución se extiende en todo el mundo.En este sentido, el objetivo del trabajo fue determinar el ectoparasitismo en el picaflor andino Oreotrochilus leucopleurus en el centro oeste de Argentina. Se determinó la presencia de ninfas de Dermanyssus sp mediante muestras obtenidas de un nido de O. leucopleurus a 3500 metros de altitud. Nuestro estudio representa el primer registro de este parásito en O. leucopleurus, contribuyendo al conocimiento del parasitismo en aves silvestres.

Abstract Knowledge about ectoparasites in wild birds is fragmentary, despite the fact that parasitism in this group of vertebrates is omnipresent. Dermanyssus sp. red mite, is an obligate parasite of wild and domestic birds. Occasionally it infests mammals, including dogs, cats, horses, cattle and rodents. This genus represents great importance in veterinary medicine for America Latin and whose distribution extends worldwide. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the ectoparasitism in the andean humming bird Oreotrochilus leucopleurus in the center west of Argentina. We determined the nymphs’ presence of Dermanyssus sp through samples obtained from a nest of O. leucopleurus at 3500 meters of altitude. Our study represents the first record of this parasite in O. leucopleurus, contributing to knowledge in parasitism in wild birds.

Resumen En las últimas décadas, en la provincia de Santiago del Estero, Argentina, se están impulsando las forestaciones con Prosopis alba Griseb. Para lograr el buen desarrollo de las mismas, es clave indagar sobre la presencia de insectos perjudiciales. Al respecto, muy poco se conoce sobre el impacto de las hormigas cortadoras de hojas y métodos de control en plantaciones de P. alba. Por tales razones, en el presente trabajo se propone: 1) identificar la especie de hormigas cortadoras de hojas más frecuente en una plantación de P. alba; 2) caracterizar los nidos; 3) aplicar hongos entomopatógenos y antagonistas para el control y 4) evaluar insecticidas químicos. Para ello se realizaron 4 muestreos con trampas de caída, en nidos de hormigas cortadoras de hojas seleccionados según su distribución y por su apariencia superficial, en una plantación de P. alba en el departamento Capital de Santiago del Estero. Se capturaron 18.650 hormigas, las cuales fueron identificadas como Acromyrmex striatus Roger. Los nidos se caracterizaron por presentar un área circular libre de vegetación de aproximadamente de 2,80 m., destacándose la ausencia de un domo de tierra. Entre las alternativas de control utilizadas, el insecticida químico tuvo una efectividad del 100 %. Mientras que el comportamiento de A. striatus, de elevar la temperatura en el interior del nido evitó el desarrollo de los entomopatógenos empleados, por lo que estos no serían adecuados para esta especie de hormiga. Por ello, para llegar a una conclusión sobre la efectividad de los hongos utilizados, se debe continuar realizando trabajos de investigación dirigidos hacia las relaciones ecológicas entre hormigas y entomopatógenos.

Abstract Afforestation using Prosopis alba Griseb has been promoted in the province of Santiago del Estero, Argentina, since the last decades. The presence of harmful insects should be investigated for them to achieve their proper development. In this regard, very little it is known about the impact that leaf cutter ants and control methods have upon P. alba plantations. Thus, the present work aims to: 1) identify the most frequent species of leaf cutter ants in a P. alba plantation; 2) characterize their nests; 3) apply entomopathogenic fungi and antagonists for control and 4) evaluate chemical insecticides. To do so, 4 samples of leaf cutter ants were collected with pitfall traps from nests selected according to their distribution and their surface appearance in a plantation of P. alba in the Capital department of Santiago del Estero. 18,650 ants were captured and identified as belonging to the Acromyrmex striatus Roger species. The nests characterized by presenting a circular area of approximately 2.80 m2 in diameter, free of vegetation, highlighting the absence of a land dome. Among the various control alternatives tested, the chemical insecticide was 100 % effective. As to the behavior of A. striatus, raising the temperature inside the nest prevented the entomopathogens used from developing, so they would not be suitable for this ant species. Thus, to draw a conclusion on the effectiveness of the fungi used, further research on the ecological relationships between ants and entomopathogens should be carried out

Resumo Relatamos a primeira ocorrência de Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister, 1835) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil. Em 2018, espécimes adultos foram enviados por residentes e a pesquisa na propriedade constatou a presença de um grande foco associado a um ninho marsupial. Este achado reforça a importância da espécie no estado de São Paulo, serve de alerta para a vigilância epidemiológica e amplia a área de colonização da espécie no estado de São Paulo.

Abstract We report the first known occurrence of Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister, 1835) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil. In 2018, adult specimens were sent by residents to the competent authorities and, in the inspection of the property, a large focus associated with a marsupial nest was found. This finding reinforces the importance of the species in the state of São Paulo, serves as an alert for epidemiological surveillance and extends the species colonization area in the state of São Paulo.

ABSTRACT Leaf-cutting ants are the most important herbivore in the neotropics, represent active agents of pedobioturbation, and are regarded as ecosystem engineers. These ants have a wide variety of ecological functions, such as pollination, seed dispersal, and tree-growing control. Despite this importance, little is known on their distribution in relation to possible soil and environmental conditions that affect Atta ants occurrence. This study aimed to spatialize the main occurrences of Atta species in the Brazilian territory and evaluate the main environmental conditions driving ants species in the Brazilian tropical landscapes, at a preliminary basis. We compiled data of occurrence for 12 Atta species from Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) databases, and scientific literature (up to 2019) for each Atta species. To each point, we obtained the respective geoenvironmental data as soil properties, biome, geology, vegetation land use, and climate variables. From these data, possible zonalities of occurrence of 9/10 Atta species were discussed. We applied the principal components analysis (PCA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) to identify the environmental gradient and investigate the possible interplay between variables and species. Soil, vegetation, and land use attributes are the main drivers on the distribution of Atta at local scale where their evolutionary physiological and foraging adaptations allow them to nest and maintain the fungi culture. At broader scales, climatic attributes are key drivers of Atta distribution across Brazil, and also influence pedogenic processes. Our study demonstrates that species of Atta ants are not randomly dispersed in Brazil and are strongly associated with complex and diverse Brazilian landscapes. We remark that further studies on the distribution of leaf-cutting ants of the Atta genus in Brazil, as well as their evolutionary phylogenetics, are needed, based on larger database.

Resumen El conocimiento de la distribución espacial de las especies es todavía incompleto en los trópicos. Esto permite descubrir poblaciones nuevas, ampliar la distribución de las especies en una región biótica y confirmar la presencia de un taxón en un sitio diferente. El 8 de abril de 2018 registramos por primera vez la presencia de dos individuos adultos de la matraca nuca canela (Campylorhynchus rufinucha) subespecie rufinucha en vegetación riparia del río Ostuta, rodeada de campos de cultivos y ganaderos. Este registro lo realizamos en la vertiente del Pacífico mexicano, en la llanu ra costera del istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, a unos 100 km en línea recta del límite sur de la distribución potencial. Observamos que la pareja de matracas se encontraba en reproducción con un nido en una palmera del género Sabal por lo que se trata de organismos con poblaciones residentes. Históricamente esta subespecie se ha considerado endémica para la vertiente del Atlántico mexicano por lo que es importante realizar estudios filogeográficos para conocer el grado de interconexión de las poblaciones de ambas vertientes, ya que el istmo de Tehuantepec funciona como corredor para las aves reproductoras de las tierras bajas del Pacífico y del Atlántico en México.

Abstract In the tropics, knowledge of the spatial distribution of species is still incomplete. This allows the discovery of new species, broadening the distribution of species in a biotic region, and confirming the presence of a taxon in a different site. On 8 April 2018, we recorded the presence of two adult Rufous-naped Wrens (Campylorhynchus rufinucha) subspecies rufinucha, in riparian vegetation of the Ostuta River, surrounded by fields and cattle herds. We made this record on the Mexican Pacific slope, in the coastal plain of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca about 100 km in a straight-line North from the southern limit of the known distribution. The birds displayed reproductive behavior with a nest in a palm genus Sabal therefore are likely part of a resident population. Historically, this subspecies has been considered endemic to the Mexican Atlantic slope, so it is important to carry out phylogeographic studies to know the degree of interconnection of the populations of both slopes, since the Isthmus of Tehuantepec functions as a corridor for the reproductive birds of the lowlands of the Pacific and the Atlantic in Mexico.