Abstract The influence of occupant behaviour in buildings is widely discussed as one of the causes for the gap between energy use estimated via computer simulation and during building operation. Knowing the main drivers for adjustments in building systems is essential to guide the development of mathematical models for such behaviours. The aim of this study is to evaluate the main motivating agents for adjusting windows, luminaires, and air-conditioning in offices. Two offices were monitored using sensors that collected data from the internal environment and user interaction with such systems. Rainfall and external and internal air temperatures were considered influential for the interaction with window systems. The increase in internal and external temperatures had even more influence on interactions with air-conditioners. The main conclusions were: there is influence of the layout of the offices in the sharing and control of windows and efficiency of passive strategies, such as the use of natural and cross ventilation; and there is an influence of the increase in internal temperature compared to external temperature in the predictability of opening windows and turning air-conditioning devices on. operation behaviours luminaires airconditioning conditioning airconditioners. airconditioners conditioners. conditioners air-conditioners strategies ventilation

Resumo Ainfluência do comportamento dos usuários em edificações é amplamente discutida como uma das causas para discrepâncias entre consumos energéticos esperados, durante a fase de projeto, e consumos durante a operação. Conhecer os principais motivadores para ajustes nos sistemas de edificações é imprescindível para aprimorar a modelagem desses comportamentos. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os principais agentes motivadores para o ajuste das janelas, luminárias e aparelhos de ar-condicionado em escritórios. Dois escritórios foram monitorados por meio de sensores que coletaram dados de qualidade do ambiente interno e comportamento de usuário. Foram consideradas influentes para a interação com sistemas de janelas a pluviometria e as temperaturas do ar externo e interno. O aumento das temperaturas interna e externa apresentou ainda mais influência na interaçãocom aparelhos de ar-condicionado. Duas foram as principais conclusões: há influência do layout dos escritórios no compartilhamento e controle das janelas e eficiência de estratégias passivas, como o uso de ventilação natural e cruzada; e há influência do aumento da temperatura interna em comparação à externa na previsibilidade de abertura de janelas e acionamento de aparelhos de ar-condicionado. esperados projeto operação comportamentos arcondicionado condicionado usuário arcondicionado. condicionado. conclusões passivas cruzada

Resumen: En el presente trabajo se analiza la asociación de factores vinculados a la satisfacción de habitabilidad de unidades residenciales de tipo aislada y adosada en edificios de departamentos, durante el confinamiento social por Covid-19 en Argentina. Mediante la técnica de bola de nieve se difunde una encuesta electrónica en el momento más estricto del confinamiento social, que alcanza una muestra de 137 usuarios de unidades residenciales. Las respuestas a las dos preguntas de investigación planteadas se validan empíricamente con técnicas de estadística inferencial, dando lugar a hipótesis nacidas en los aspectos conflictivos detectados en las satisfacciones de habitabilidad tales como la disponibilidad de espacios interiores, la iluminación natural percibida, la edad del encuestado, entre otros. Las conclusiones confirman la relevancia de la iluminación natural en sustitución de la demanda de amplitud espacial, y su importancia a partir del rango etario entre otros aspectos de asociación significativa. Los resultados obtenidos constituyen fundamentos para propuestas de políticas tanto de vivienda como de ordenamiento territorial en vistas a una mitigación del riesgo de insatisfacción de habitabilidad ante sucesos de confinamiento social.

Abstract: The present work aims the association of factors linked to the habitability satisfaction of isolated and semi-detached residential units in apartment buildings is analyzed, during lockdown due to Covid-19 in Argentina. Using the snowball technique, an electronic survey is disseminated in the strictest lockdown moment, that reaches a sample of 137 users of residential units. The answers for two research questions are empirically validated with inferential statistical techniques, giving rise to hypotheses born from the conflicting aspects detected in habitability satisfactions such as the availability of interior spaces, perceived natural lighting, the age of the respondent, among others. Conclusions confirm the relevance of natural lighting could replace the demand for spatial amplitude, and its importance based on the users age range among other aspects of significant association. Results obtained constitute foundations for policy, both housing and territorial planning in order to mitigate the dissatisfaction with habitability risk in a social confinement event.

ABSTRACT: When applied at growing phase, lighting program aims to obtain quails with body weight and physiological maturity suitable for the beginning of laying. This study evaluated lighting programs at growing phase on performance, sexual maturity and egg quality of meat quail breeders (Coturnixcoturnix) at laying phase. From 7 to 49 days of age, 300 female meat quails were subjected to three lighting programs (natural, intermittent and continuous), with 5 replicates of 20 birds each. At 49 days of age, 240 quails were transferred to a shed, maintaining the same experimental conditions. Meat quails submitted to continuous and intermittent lighting programs had higher weight of reproductive system and lower ages for first egg production and to reach 50% of egg production (P < 0.05). Quails submitted to natural lighting had lower feed intake from 49 to 70 and 71 to 92 days of age and worse feed conversion up to 114 days of age. Continuous and intermittent lighting programs resulted in more precocious quails compared to natural lighting program. Quails submitted to natural lighting at growing phase presented lower egg production during all periods, not differing for birds submitted to continuous and intermittent programs from the second period (71 to 92 days of age). Intermittent and continuous lighting result in better feed conversion of breeding quails up to 114 days and a higher percentage of laying (49 to 136 days), reducing the number of days to produce the first egg and to reach 50% of laying, in relation to natural lighting. ABSTRACT performance Coturnixcoturnix (Coturnixcoturnix 4 30 natural, (natural continuous, , continuous) 2 each 24 shed conditions 50 P 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) 9 11 periods (7 age) (4 13 days, days) 3 00 0.0 1 ( 0.

RESUMO: Quando aplicado na fase de crescimento, o programa de luz visa obter codornas com peso corporal e maturidade fisiológica adequados para o início da postura. Este estudo avaliou programas de iluminação na fase de crescimento sobre o desempenho, maturidade sexual e qualidade dos ovos de codornas de corte reprodutoras (Coturnix coturnix) na fase de postura. Durante o período de sete a 49 dias de idade, 300 codornas de corte fêmeas foram submetidas a três programas de iluminação (natural, intermitente e contínuo), com cinco repetições de 20 aves cada. Aos 49 dias de idade, 240 codornas foram transferidas para um galpão, mantendo a mesma distribuição experimental e submetidas às mesmas condições. As aves submetidas aos programas de iluminação contínuo e intermitente na fase de crescimento apresentaram maiores peso relativo do sistema reprodutivo e consequentemente menores idades para produção do primeiro ovo e para atingir 50% da produção de ovos (P < 0.05). As aves que receberam apenas iluminação natural apresentaram menor consumo de ração nos períodos de 49 a 70 e 71 a 92 dias de idade e pior conversão alimentar até 114 dias de idade. Os programas de iluminação contínua e intermitente na fase de crescimento resultaram em codornas mais precoces quando comparados as aves submetidas ao programa de iluminação natural. Codornas submetidas a programa de luz natural na fase de crescimento apresentaram menor produção de ovos durante todos os períodos, não diferindo das aves submetidas a programas contínuos e intermitentes a partir do segundo período (71 a 92 dias de idade). A iluminação intermitente e contínua na fase de crescimento resulta em melhor conversão alimentar de codornas reprodutoras até 114 dias e maior percentual de postura (49 a 136 dias), reduzindo o número de dias para produzir o primeiro ovo e atingir 50% de postura, em relação a iluminação natural.. RESUMO desempenho Coturnix coturnix 4 30 natural, (natural contínuo, , contínuo) 2 cada 24 galpão condições 50 P 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) 7 9 11 (7 idade) (4 13 dias, dias) 3 5 00 0.0 1 ( 0.

The aim of this work was to construct and characterize dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) using alternative materials and low-cost equipment. Instead of using the TiO2 semiconductor, a water-based white paint pigment was employed as a substitute. This pigment, when combined with natural dyes, absorbs visible light and acts as the photoelectrode. Pencil graphite was utilized to create the conductive layer, serving as the positive electrode. Lugol’s solution was employed as the electrolyte to establish electrical contact between the two electrodes. These materials were assembled between two glasses with a conductive surface made of tin oxide doped with fluorine (FTO glass). Subsequently, the assembled devices were exposed to three types of lamps: daylight (45 W), LED (15 W), and halogen (105 W), all positioned at the same height as the solar cell. Voltage and current measurements were taken using a simple multimeter. These results enabled the correlation of theoretical concepts related to absorption (dye) and light emission (lamp) ranges, different types of anchoring groups, and the dye-semiconductor anchoring mode. The voltage and current production were found to depend on the type of lighting source. However, it became evident that several factors beyond those mentioned strongly influenced the energy production mode of the solar cell. dyesensitized dye sensitized DSSC (DSSC lowcost low cost equipment TiO semiconductor waterbased water based substitute dyes photoelectrode layer electrode Lugols Lugol s electrodes FTO glass. glass . glass) Subsequently lamps 45 (4 W, W , W) 15 (1 105 (10 cell multimeter (dye lamp (lamp ranges groups dyesemiconductor source However 4 ( 1 10

This work presents a new filming technique for objects captured in motion that minimizes the typical trail (blur) left in the recorded videos, increasing the accuracy of the video analyses. In order to reduce this trailing, we present a new technique called video analysis by stroboscopic illumination. The technique consists of filming the object of study illuminated only by short and intense pulses of light, without natural or artificial ambient lighting. An electronic device generates the pulses at a frequency adjustable to the frequency of the frames per second that take part in the video. As a result, we present an example of the proposed technique by filming a rubberized sphere launched from a ramp. This technique makes it possible to film by cell phones with low-resolution cameras and a low acquisition rate, allowing the improvement of the results of motion measurements. blur (blur videos analyses trailing illumination light lighting result ramp lowresolution resolution rate measurements

Resumen: El espacio arquitectónico es relevante en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje; en este sentido, la pedagogía Reggio Emilia considera el espacio como el tercer maestro. En este trabajo se identificaron las premisas arquitectónicas del modelo pedagógico, se desarrollaron instrumentos de evaluación y se aplicaron a casos de estudio. Seis escuelas en diferentes países fueron evaluadas. La escuela localizada en Japón obtuvo el mayor puntaje (16/17), mientras que un caso de estudio localizado en México obtuvo la menor puntuación (10/17). Resultados globales mostraron que el contacto con el exterior fue la premisa con mayor puntaje (100%); en segundo lugar, conexión con la naturaleza (72%), y en tercer lugar la incorporación de un espacio plaza (63%). La información sobre proyectos que incorporen las premisas arquitectónicas de la pedagogía Reggio Emilia, así como su evaluación, es escasa, por lo que es necesario difundir y analizar estos espacios educativos y desarrollar instrumentos de evaluación.

Abstract: Architectural space is relevant in the teaching-learning process; in this sense, Reggio Emilia pedagogy considers space as the third teacher. In this work, the architectural premises of the pedagogical model were identified, evaluation instruments were developed and applied to case studies. Six schools in different countries were evaluated. The school located in Japan obtained the highest score (16/17), while a case study located in Mexico obtained the lowest score (10/17). Overall results showed that contact with the outdoors was the premise with the highest score (100%), in second place connection with nature (72%) and in third place the incorporation of a space (63%). Information on projects that incorporate the architectural premises of Reggio Emilia pedagogy, as well as their evaluation, is scarce, so it is necessary to disseminate and analyze these educational spaces and develop evaluation instruments.

Abstract The potential of daylight harvesting is related to the building location. However, climatic zonings adopted by energy efficiency programs focus only on the thermal performance, neglecting important variables of the buildings’ luminous performance. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between the angle of solar incidence, the annual occurrence of clear sky, and the annual lighting energy consumption when daylight harvesting is practiced. The lighting consumption of a square floor space, orientated in the cardinal directions, was simulated for 20 Brazilian cities. The frequency of the 15 CIE sky types was determined for each city using weather files and the angle of solar incidence was calculated for each hour of the year. The analysis comprised graphical exploration, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. The sensitivity of the consumption to the other two variables could be perceived in the hourly but not the annual analysis. The correlation between annual consumption and latitude was more robust for the intertropical range, with increased consumption moving south, and varied significantly for each orientation. It was concluded that, although relevant, the variables are not representative of variations in annual lighting consumption for application in climate zoning. location However performance buildings practiced space directions 2 cities 1 year exploration Pearsons Pearson s regression range south orientation that relevant zoning

O aproveitamento da luz natural está relacionado à localização do edifício. Tadavia, os zoneamentos climáticos dos programas de eficiência energética focam no desempenho térmico, negligenciando importantes variáveis do desempenho luminoso das edificações. Este trabalho objetivou investigar a relação entre o ângulo de incidência solar, a ocorrência anual de céu claro e o consumo anual de iluminação, considerando o aproveitamento da luz natural. Simulou-se o consumo de iluminação de um ambiente quadrado, orientado aos pontos cardeais, para 20 cidades brasileiras. Determinou-se a frequência dos 15 tipos de céu CIE para cada cidade, usando-se arquivos climáticos, e calculou-se o ângulo de incidência solar para cada hora do ano. A análise compreendeu exploração gráfica, correlação de Pearson e regressão múltipla. A sensibilidade do consumo às outras duas variáveis pode ser percebida na análise horária, mas não na anual. A correlação entre consumo anual e latitude foi mais robusta para a faixa intertropical, com o consumo aumentando para o sul, e variando significativamente para cada orientação. Concluiu-se que, embora relevantes, as variáveis não são representativas das variações de consumo anual de iluminação para aplicação em zoneamentos climáticos. edifício Tadavia térmico edificações Simulouse Simulou se quadrado cardeais 2 brasileiras Determinouse Determinou 1 cidade usandose usando calculouse calculou ano gráfica múltipla horária intertropical sul orientação Concluiuse Concluiu que relevantes

ABSTRACT The present study was executed to evaluate the effect of lighting programs for meat quails on their bone growth and development. A total of 1500 sexed European quails (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) were distributed using a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with two sexes and three lighting programs (natural, intermittent, and continuous) with five replicates of 50 quails. The lighting programs were applied in the period from 7 to 49 d of age. Weekly slaughterings were performed to remove the tibiotarsus and femur and subsequently determine weight, length, dry and mineral matter content. The growth and deposition curves of dry and mineral matter in the bones were obtained using the Gompertz model. There was no significant interaction between lighting programs and sex for the estimates of the Gompertz curve parameters of all variables studied. There was an effect of the lighting programs only on the time needed to reach the maximum deposition rate of the growth curve and dry and mineral matter deposition. Females showed higher weight and deposition of mineral matter at maturity, and took longer to reach the maximum deposition rate value for these variables. There was influence of the lighting programs on resistance and bone deformity of the tibiotarsus. For quails raised in the tropical region, a natural or intermittent lighting program must be used, as it does not compromise the development of bones and assures bone quality. 150 Coturnix arrangement natural, (natural continuous 5 4 age length content model studied maturity region used quality 15 1

ABSTRACT This research aimed to study the effect of light regime on performance and egg quality of white laying hens applied at the start laying phase. A total of 420 Hy line White laying hens, at 19 weeks of age were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, during 5 periods of 28 days, extending from January to June, corresponding to the age of 19 to 38 weeks of age of the birds. Three lighting programs were evaluated: continuous 16 h of light and 8 h of dark (CONT); intermittent program with two 2-min photophases equidistant at 16 h between natural light and 8 h of dark (INT) and continuous program only using decreasing natural light (LND). Feed intake (g/bird/day), egg production (%bird/day), egg weight (g), egg mass (g/bird/day), feed conversion (g/g) and egg density (g/cm3) were evaluated. Feed intake and feed conversion were higher (p<0.05) in birds submitted to the CONT program compared to the LND program, however the CONT and LND programs did not differ (p>0.05) from the INT. Egg production, egg weight, egg mass and egg density were similar (p>0.05) between programs. Intermittent program with two photophases of 2 min equidistant 16 h between natural light can be applied in light layers at the start laying phase without impairing the productive performance and eggshell quality. 42 1 used design days June 3 evaluated (CONT) 2min INT (INT LND. . (LND) g/bird/day, gbirdday g/bird/day , g bird day (g/bird/day) %bird/day, birdday %bird/day (%bird/day) g, (g) g/g gg (g/g g/cm3 gcm3 gcm cm3 cm (g/cm3 p<0.05 p005 p 0 05 (p<0.05 p>0.05 (p>0.05 4 (CONT (LND (g/bird/day (%bird/day (g g/cm (g/cm p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 p>0.0 (p>0.0 p<0. p0 (p<0. p>0. (p>0. p<0 (p<0 p>0 (p>0 p< (p< p> (p> (p

Abstract A good use of natural light depends on its availability at any given site. The Basin of Mexico, being in an intertropical zone, has abundant light resources almost year-round. On a clear day, over 90 klux have been recorded, though this amount is reduced by up to a third under cloudy conditions. Information was collected from several sources so as to present the annual and daytime frequency of sky types over a one-year period without climatic anomalies, as well as over the first five years with available recorded measurements, which showed that clear and partially cloudy sky conditions prevailed; therefore, particular strategies to take advantage of this natural light dynamic should be considered.

Resumen El buen uso de la luz natural depende de su disponibilidad en un sitio. La Cuenca de México, al encontrarse en una zona intertropical, cuenta con abundante recurso lumínico durante casi todo el año. En un día despejado se ha registrado más de 90 klux, aunque esta cantidad se reduce hasta en un tercio bajo condiciones nubladas. Se recopiló información de diversas fuentes con el objetivo de representar la frecuencia anual y diurna de tipos de cielo en un año sin anomalías climáticas, así como de los primeros cinco años con mediciones registradas disponibles, cuando predominan las condiciones de cielo despejado y parcialmente nublado, por lo que se deben considerar estrategias particulares para esta dinámica de la luz natural.

Resumo O comportamento do usuário é um dos principais responsáveis pela divergência entre o consumo de energia real e o estimado em simulações computacionais. O presente trabalho identifica e categoriza os padrões de uso existentes na operação de sistemas da climatização e da iluminação em edificações comerciais. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo em Londrina, Paraná, em um edifício de fachadas em vidro de controle solar, layout flexível, core central e ventilação híbrida. Os dados foram levantados por meio de entrevistas com 100 usuários, abordando 72 fatores de influência na operação do edifício. Mediante o método de análise de cluster, identificou-se cinco padrões que diferem sobretudo no uso da ventilação natural e de persianas. Os testes estatísticos qui-quadrado de Pearson e de Kruskal-Wallis indicaram que os clusters são influenciados por aspectos contextuais e características projetuais, como exposição à radiação solar, preferências, hábitos, proximidade com as janelas e atividade laborativa. Além disso, o excesso de área envidraçada na fachada leste resultou na frequência de uso do ar-condicionado 20% maior. De forma geral, constatou-se que as ações dos usuários são heterogêneas, não sendo adequado representá-las perante um único padrão de uso.

Abstract Occupant behavior is one of the main reasons to bridge the gap between predicted and actual energy consumption. The paper identifies and categorizes the existing usage patterns in operation of lighting systems and air conditioning in a commercial building. A questionnaire survey was applied in Londrina, Paraná, in a commercial building with facades constituted by glasses in which the low solar factor, flexible layout, central core and mixed ventilation. The data was collected through interviews with 100 users, approaching 72 influence factors in systems’ operation. Using the cluster analysis method five patterns were identified, presenting differences mainly when it comes to the frequency of use of the natural ventilation and blinds. Pearson's chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests were applied and identified this was influenced mainly by contextual aspects and design decisions such as exposure to solar radiation, preferences, habits, nearness to windows and work activity. Besides that, the overage of glass areas in the east facade resulted in a 20% more use of air-conditioning. This way, the actions of the users are heterogeneous, not being possible to represent them in a unique pattern behavior.

Resumo O presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar a razão entre área de janela e piso, associada à iluminação natural eficaz e à eficiência energética, no trópico úmido. As recomendações de pré-dimensionamento mais usadas por arquitetos nas etapas preliminares de projeto, visando a uma iluminação natural eficaz, abordam o tamanho da janela e a profundidade do ambiente. Códigos de obras brasileiros determinam relações entre área de janela e piso para garantir iluminação natural adequada, mas essas relações não estão respaldadas em trabalhos científicos. O método consistiu em uma análise comparativa do desempenho de modelos quanto à iluminância natural útil, à uniformidade da iluminação natural, à iluminância natural excessiva e ao consumo energético com iluminação e resfriamento a fim de comparar relações janela/piso emcondições de janela sombreada, ar-condicionado e iluminação híbrida. As iluminâncias e o consumo energético foram simulados com as ferramentas Daysim e DesignBuilder. A análise dos dados comparou a amplitude de variação do desempenho de grupos de modelos, classificados por quatro valores da razão janela/piso. Os resultados validaram a eficácia da razão 1/6, mas não da razão 1/8, ambas exigidas por códigos de edificações brasileiros. Também demonstraram a eficácia das razões 2/6 e 2/8, que não constam nos códigos de cidades com clima quente e úmido.

Abstract This study aimed to identify the window to floor ratio associated with effective daylighting and energy efficiency in the humid tropics. The rule of thumb most used by architects in preliminary design stages, aiming at adequate natural lighting, addresses window area and room depth. Brazilian building codes determine window to floor ratio values to ensure better natural lighting conditions, but those ratios are not based on scientific works. The method of this study consisted of a comparative analysis of the performance of models regarding useful daylight, daylight uniformity, daylight glare, and energy consumption with lighting and cooling,in order to compare the window to floor ratios under a shaded window, air conditioning, and hybrid lighting. The Daysim and DesignBuilder tools simulated illuminances and energy consumption. Data analysis compared the range of variation in the performance of groups of models, classified by four window-to-floor ratios. The results validated the effectiveness of the 1/6 ratio, but not the 1/8 ratio, both required by Brazilian building codes. The results showed the effectiveness of the 2/6 and 2/8 ratios, which are not included in the codes of cities with hot and humid climates.

Resumen Esta investigación aporta información relacionada con los registros de atropellos de fauna silvestre en las diferentes vías del Departamento del Huila. Los resultados provienen de muestreos realizados durante la temporada de lluvias de octubre a diciembre de 2017 en el circuito vial Neiva - Rivera - Campoalegre. La mayor tasa de atropellamiento se registró en el tramo 1, Neiva - Rivera (peaje Los Cauchos); el cual tuvo un alto flujo vehicular durante el día (5045 vehículos/mes), un alto límite de velocidad (90 km/h), y una cobertura arbórea que forma un túnel verde debido a la falta de iluminación en esta vía. En este estudio se registraron un total de 102 ejemplares muertos, predominando los mamíferos (53 ejemplares, 51,96%) y la especie Didelphis marsupialis (48, 47,06%), seguida de los reptiles (34, 33,33%) cuyas especies más afectadas fueron la Boa constrictor (9, 8,82%) y la Iguana iguana (7, 6,86%). Además, las aves fueron el tercer grupo más afectado (12, 11,76%) clasificadas en 8 especies, como la Megascops choliba que fue la más afectada (4, 3,92%). Los anfibios fueron el grupo menos afectado (3, 2,94%), principalmente la especie Rhinella horribilis (2, 1,96%).

Abstract This research contributes information related to records of wildlife roadkill in the different roads of the department of Huila. The results come from samplings carried out during the rainy season from October to December of 2017 on the Neiva - Rivera - Campoalegre road circuit. The highest roadkill rate was recorded in section 1, Neiva - Rivera (Los Cauchos tollbooth); which had high traffic flow during the day (5045 vehicles/month), high speed limit (90 km/h), and an arboreal coverage that forms a green tunnel due to the lack of lighting on this road. A total of 102 dead specimens were registered in this case study; predominantly mammals (53 specimens, 51.96%) and the species Didelphis marsupialis (48, 47.06%), followed by reptiles (34, 33.33%) whose most affected species were the Boa constrictor (9, 8.82%) and the Iguana iguana (7, 6.86%). Additionally, birds were the third most affected group (12, 11.76%) classified in 8 species, such as the Megascops choliba which was the most affected (4, 3.92%). Amphibians were the least affected group (3, 2.94%), mainly the Rhinella horribilis species (2, 1.96%).

ABSTRACT The present work addresses the problem of natural lighting in educational buildings, focusing on the study of natural lighting strategies that contribute to reaching recommended levels of lighting comfort in classrooms, correct light distribution and glare reduction. In this framework, a building on the campus of the National University of Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina, was analyzed in which the behavior of natural lighting was evaluated using simulation models and in situ measurements. The work was complemented by evaluating the Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) index: verifying the occurrence of glare. The diagnosis showed excess lighting at points close to openings, insufficient lighting at points far from them, low levels of uniformity in the distribution of natural lighting and intolerable glare thresholds. Consequently, a new arrangement of the classroom was proposed, incorporating elements for the redirection of sunlight and its performance was verified. The results of the proposal showed important differences. A significant reduction in lighting levels was achieved, reaching levels of visual comfort for classrooms (300-500 average lux), improvements in the uniformity of natural light, with its consequent verification according to standards, and a significant reduction in glare levels due to penetration direct sun.

RESUMEN El presente trabajo aborda la problemática de la iluminación natural en edificios educativos, enfocándose en el estudio de estrategias de iluminación natural que contribuyan a alcanzar niveles recomendados de confort lumínico dentro de las aulas, correcta distribución de luz y reducción de deslumbramiento. Se analizó, en ese marco, un edificio del campus de la Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina, en el que se evaluó el comportamiento de iluminación natural usando modelos de simulación y mediciones in situ. La labor se complementó evaluando el índice Daylight Glare Probability (DGP): verificando ocurrencia de deslumbramiento. El diagnóstico mostró exceso de iluminación en puntos cercanos a aberturas, iluminación insuficiente en puntos lejanos a las mismas, niveles bajos de uniformidad en la distribución de iluminación natural y umbrales intolerables de deslumbramiento. Consiguientemente, se propuso un nuevo ordenamiento del aula, incorporando elementos para la redirección de la luz solar y se verificó su desempeño. Los resultados de la propuesta evidenciaron importantes diferencias. Se consiguió una importante reducción de niveles de iluminación, alcanzando niveles de confort visual para aulas (300-500 lux promedio), mejoras en la uniformidad de luz natural, con su consecuente verificación según los estándares y una reducción significativa de niveles de deslumbramiento por penetración solar directa.

Resumen Para realizar un estudio de iluminación preciso es fundamental conocer los tipos de cielo predominantes de una localidad, pues estos son clave para estimar el desempeño lumínico de ambientes interiores. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las discrepancias en la valoración del desempeño de la luz natural de espacios interiores según los archivos climáticos usados y considerando las diferencias en los tipos de cielo predominantes de acuerdo con los datos de radiación de estos. Para ello, haciendo uso del Clearness Index, de All Pérez All Weather Sky Model, fueron estimados y comparados los tipos de cielo a partir de la información de radiación de archivos climáticos disponibles para trece ciudades colombianas. Adicionalmente, fueron realizadas simulaciones dinámicas de luz natural sobre ambientes hipotéticos, con diferentes archivos climáticos. Los resultados de la investigación evidencian, para cada ciudad analizada, notables diferencias en cuanto a los tipos de cielo predominantes según el archivo climático utilizado. Estas diferencias derivaron en notables discrepancias -en muchos casos, de más del 10%- en la aplicación de métricas dinámicas haciendo uso de los archivos climáticos disponibles para cada ciudad. Si bien no es objetivo de la investigación concluir cuál de los archivos climáticos es más confiable, sí se resalta la necesidad de contar con datos de radiación confiables en los archivos climáticos, para favorecer la precisión en la valoración del desempeño lumínico de ambientes interiores a través de simulación computacional.

Abstract To perform an accurate lighting study, it is essential to know the predominant sky types in a locality, as these are key to estimating the lighting performance of indoor environments. The objective of this research is to analyze the discrepancies in the assessment of the natural light performance of indoor spaces according to the climatic files used and consider the differences in the predominant sky types according to their radiation data. For this purpose, using the Clearness Index, from the All Pérez All-Weather Sky Model, the sky types were estimated and compared from the radiation information of climate files available for thirteen Colombian cities. Additionally, dynamic daylight simulations were performed on hypothetical environments with different climate files. The results of the research show, for each city analyzed, notable differences in the predominant sky types according to the climate file used. These differences resulted in significant discrepancies - in many cases of more than 10% - in the application of dynamic metrics using the climate files available for each city. Although it is not the objective of the research to conclude which of the climate files is more reliable, it does highlight the need for reliable radiation data in the climate files, to favor accuracy in the assessment of the lighting performance of indoor environments through computational simulation.