RESUMEN El estudio se orienta a la búsqueda de la mejora continua en la preparación de los estudiantes de Pedagogía de los Idiomas Nacionales y Extranjeros. Su objetivo es fundamentar la modificación curricular de las asignaturas de la etapa de admisión y su integración con las de los primeros semestres de la carrera como estrategia para el fortalecimiento de la proficiencia de los estudiantes en inglés. Como resultado se favorece una transición fluida desde la etapa de nivelación hacia las materias especializadas. La integración estratégica de habilidades lingüísticas, contenidos académicos y competencias profesionales es la base de esta propuesta.

ABSTRACT The study is oriented to the search for continuous improvement in the preparation of students of Pedagogy of National and Foreign Languages. Its objective is to support the curricular modification of the subjects of the admission stage and their integration with those of the first semesters of the career as a strategy to strengthen the students' proficiency in English. As a result, a smooth transition from the leveling stage to the specialized subjects is favored. The strategic integration of language skills, academic content and professional competencies is the basis of this proposal.

Abstract Jorge Suárez (1927-1985) was an Argentine linguist who devoted himself mainly to the study of indigenous American languages. After the first stage of his career in his country of origin, he settled in Mexico City in 1969, where he continued his academic career. From the perspective of linguistic historiography, this article aims to examine the first stage of his academic biography and his main contributions to the languages of Argentinean Patagonia (Mapuzungun, Aonekko ’a’ien, and Selk’nam), which included field surveys of lexical lists and texts, as well as analyses of genetic linguistics. We consider his role in the dissemination of North American structuralism in Argentina, his insertion in different national universities, his subsequent integration into CONICET, and his links in the American and Latin American spheres.

Resumen: Jorge Suárez (1927-1985) fue un lingüista argentino que se dedicó fundamentalmente al estudio de las lenguas indígenas americanas. Luego de realizar la primera etapa de su carrera en su país de origen, en 1969 se estableció en la Ciudad de México donde continuó su trayectoria académica. Desde la perspectiva de la historiografía lingüística, el presente artículo se propone examinar la primera etapa de su biografía académico-investigativa y sus principales aportes acerca de las lenguas de la Patagonia argentina (mapuzungun, aonekko ’a’ien y selk’nam), entre los que se destacan los relevamientos en terreno de listas léxicas y textos, como así también análisis de lingüística genética. Consideramos su rol en la difusión del estructuralismo norteamericano en Argentina, su inserción en distintas universidades nacionales, su posterior integración al CONICET y sus vínculos en el ámbito estadounidense e hispanoamericano.

Research that directs the way stakeholders act and how they collaborate is essential when addressing complex environmental challenges in the field of sustainability science. For example, researchers attempting to manage Prosopis invasions through biological control in South Africa have historically faced challenges from stakeholders. In this study we illustrate the importance of stakeholder engagement and social learning by outlining the collaborative efforts of various stakeholders to promote effective, integrative and sustainable management of Prosopis invasions in the Northern Cape, South Africa. Through a community of practice approach, stakeholders worked together over the past half-decade in an attempt to develop a National Strategy for Prosopis management and improve its control. This strategy aimed not only to emphasise the need for integration of biomass use (aimed at offsetting the costs of mechanical clearing and necessary herbicide use) but also to underscore the significance of biocontrol alongside other management approaches. Stakeholders also identified that adequate farm-scale planning is necessary to provide a sense of purpose and assist in monitoring of progress. We worked alongside land managers and experts to develop such plans. The engagement of local champions played a crucial role in facilitating collaboration and learning among stakeholders, emphasising the significance of inclusive approaches in addressing complex sustainability challenges. In addition, we gained an understanding of how to develop the community of practice to enhance collaboration that ensures the implementation of plans to better manage Prosopis. Our findings underscore the necessity of meaningful stakeholder engagement and collaboration in effective invasive species management. By promoting understanding and involvement of diverse stakeholders, initiatives can have a greater impact in addressing broader sustainability issues. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings highlight the fundamental role of stakeholder collaboration in addressing environmental challenges (e.g. biological invasions), promoting sustainability and fostering social learning. Collaboration facilitates exchange of knowledge, promotes social learning and allows stakeholders to make informed decisions when addressing sustainability issues. Collaborative approaches promote the effectiveness of a community of practice in managing Prosopis invasions in South Africa. Local champions played a pivotal role in facilitating collaboration, bridging communication gaps and promoting inclusive approaches. Sustained stakeholder engagement, transdisciplinary collaborations, effective biological control and market development for biomass products will be essential to improve the sustainable management Prosopis.

Remote areas that lack conventional water-provisioning infrastructure often rely on rainwater harvesting, rivers, pans, reservoirs and borehole-extracted water to meet domestic water requirements. These water sources often have poor microbial quality and chemical composition, the quality of which is not routinely monitored. This study explored citizen science as a tool for Engaged Research and Responsible Research and Innovation, detailing the co-creation of a sustained community-based water quality monitoring program in collaboration with communities in villages in Amakhala Game Reserve (Eastern Cape, South Africa). Without access to other water sources, participants predominantly used rainwater for drinking and cooking (80%), while borehole water was mainly used for cleaning and gardening due to its salty or bitter taste. A hydrogen sulfide (H2S) water testing kit was used by the citizen scientists to monitor the water quality. The H2S kits were effective in estimating bacterial contamination, showing a proportional relationship with Colilert® test results conducted in a laboratory. The alignment observed between community-based monitoring results and those derived from scientist-led testing underscores the value of data produced through citizen science initiatives. Sustained participant engagement throughout this research reflected a sense of community empowerment through access to tools that inform their decision-making around water use and treatment as well as investment in the research, indicative of the perceived relevance of the research to community interests. This integration of transdisciplinary data sources holds promise for informing evidence-based decision-making processes, facilitating more effective and contextually informed water management strategies that value and integrate community perspectives alongside scientific insights. SIGNIFICANCE: Drawing on the principles of Engaged Research and Responsible Research and Innovation, we applied citizen science tools to engage researchers and communities in the co-development of a water quality monitoring program. In addressing a specific area of concern, raised by the remotely situated community around the need for knowing their water quality, the project successfully trained communities in applying water testing tools and fostered agency in decision-making around water treatment. Combined with continuous feedback and communication loops, a high rate of continuity was sustained among the participants.

En los últimos cincuenta años, la tecnología de la información se ha integrado gradualmente en el sistema educativo brasileño. Esta integración pasó por varias fases y programas, cada uno con sus propios objetivos y desafíos. Desde el Decreto N° 84.067 de 1979, que estableció la Política Nacional de Tecnologías de la Información, hasta la creación de ProInfo en 1997 y la Política de Innovación en Educación Conectada (PIEC) en 2023, ha habido importantes avances, pero también dificultades en la implementación efectiva de estos. políticas. Este estudo busca comprender las políticas públicas enfocadas en tecnologías de la información en un contexto histórico, explorando su evolución dentro de la educación brasileña y destacando iniciativas y programas que moldearon la inserción de las tecnologías digitales en la enseñanza. Para la construcción de este artículo se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo, con investigación bibliográfica. Con esta historia, fue posible construir una línea de tiempo interactiva que presenta las políticas públicas diseñadas en Brasil para la informatización de las escuelas y la formación de profesores, culminando con la enseñanza de la informática, actualmente propuesta para las escuelas de educación básica brasileñas, en el Currículo Base Común Nacional y su Complemento.

Nos últimos cinquenta anos, a informática tem sido gradualmente integrada ao sistema educacional brasileiro. Essa integração passou por várias fases e programas, cada um com suas metas e desafios. Desde o Decreto nº 84.067 em 1979, que instituiu a Política Nacional de Informática, até a criação do ProInfo em 1997 e a Política de Inovação Educação Conectada (PIEC) em 2023, houve progressos significativos, mas também dificuldades na implementação eficaz dessas políticas. Este estudo busca compreender em um contexto histórico as políticas públicas voltadas para a informática, explorando a sua evolução no âmbito da educação brasileira, e destacando iniciativas e programas que moldaram  a inserção de tecnologias digitais no ensino. Para a construção deste artigo, foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa, com pesquisa bibliográfica. Com esse histórico, foi possível construir uma linha do tempo interativa que apresenta as políticas públicas concebidas no Brasil para a informatização das escolas e formação de professores, culminando no ensino da computação, proposto atualmente para as escolas de educação básica brasileiras, na Base Nacional Comum Curricular e seu Complemento.

Over the past fifty years, computer science has been gradually integrated into the Brazilian education system. This integration has gone through several phases and programs, each with its own goals and challenges. Since Decree No. 84,067 in 1979, which established the National Computer Science Policy, to the creation of ProInfo in 1997 and the Connected Education Innovation Policy (PIEC) in 2023, there has been significant progress, but also difficulties in the effective implementation of these policies. This study seeks to understand public policies aimed at computer science in a historical context, exploring their evolution within the scope of Brazilian education, and highlighting initiatives and programs that shaped the insertion of digital technologies in teaching. To construct this article, a qualitative approach was adopted, with bibliographical research. With this history, it was possible to build an interactive timeline that presents the public policies designed in Brazil for the computerization of schools and teacher training, culminating in the teaching of computer science, currently proposed for Brazilian basic education schools, in the National Common Curricular Base and its Complement.

RESUMO A região Norte do Brasil apresenta índices de desenvolvimento inferiores comparativamente a outras regiões do país. Por essa razão, foram implementadas políticas públicas específicas para a região com o propósito de reduzir as desigualdades socioeconômicas e melhorar a integração regional. Neste contexto, o objetivo principal desta investigação é compreender os efeitos da política pública de Áreas de Livre Comércio (ALCs) nos municípios da Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira. Em particular, analisam-se os impactos sobre várias variáveis socioeconômicas relevantes e eventuais efeitos de spillover sobre os municípios próximos, recorrendo a técnica de Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais. Os resultados evidenciam que o rendimento per capita aumentou nos municípios de ALCs, mas também ao nível nacional e na Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira; que existem diferenças intrarregionais quanto aos impactos sobre as variáveis socioeconômicas; e que, em geral, a política pública pouco contribuiu para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico e para a integração regional dos municípios de ALCs.

ABSTRACT The Northern region of Brazil has lower development rates compared to other regions of the country. For this reason, specific public policies have been implemented in the region with the purpose of reducing socioeconomic inequalities and improving regional integration. In this context, the main objective of this research is to understand the effects of the public policy of Free Trade Areas (FTAs) in the municipalities of the Brazilian Western Amazon. In particular, the impacts on various relevant socioeconomic variables and potential spillover effects on neighboring municipalities are analyzed using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis techniques. The results show that per capita income increased in the FTA municipalities, as well as at the national and Western Amazon levels. There are intra-regional differences in the impacts on socioeconomic variables, and overall, the public policy has contributed little to the socioeconomic development and regional integration of FTA municipalities.

BACKGROUND: Unani Tibb promotes holistic patient care, yet spirituality and spiritual care seem to be neglected in education. This theory-practice gap was previously highlighted in studies on Unani Tibb practitioners. The role of spirituality and spiritual care in Unani Tibb education in South Africa (SA) remains unclear OBJECTIVES: To explore Unani Tibb students' and educators' perceptions and attitudes of spirituality and spiritual care in SA METHODS: A two-stage sequential explanatory mixed-method study was conducted. Quantitative data from stage 1 was obtained using a cross-sectional descriptive study followed by in-depth interviews for the qualitative study in stage 2. Stage 1 guided the interview questions in stage 2. Descriptive data analysis was performed for the quantitative study, followed by thematic analysis for the qualitative data RESULTS: A total of 18 (90%) participants took part in the quantitative study followed by 10 participants (50%) in the qualitative study. Three study findings emerged: i) a heightened level of spiritual awareness was recorded for this cohort despite the lack of spirituality and spiritual care content in the curriculum, ii) participants viewed spiritual care as integral to Unani Tibb philosophy, education and practice and iii) formal integration of spirituality and spiritual care concepts in Unani Tibb education was identified as a necessity to ensure the integrity of the holistic approach required by the profession CONCLUSION: This study has implications across the health education sector and more specifically for Unani Tibb educators to consider the inclusion of spiritual care content in education programmes

Abstract Chinese migration has been driven by migration policies in Colombia contributing to factors such as the strengthening of diplomacy, economic opportunities, cultural exchange, etc. Due to the cross-border opening, Colombia has been able to attract a significant number of Chinese migrants generating a favorable environment for new opportunities and improving their living conditions. The objective of this research was to analyze the local perspectives of Chinese migration in Colombia and its impact on local development. A descriptive quantitative approach methodology was implemented through a deductive method to deepen the perceptions and impact in the national context. The instrument entitled “PMI Universidad ECCI” was designed and validated corresponding to its centuries: Perspectives of International Migration which inquired in 15 items of three perspectives: economic, social and cultural perspectives evaluated on a Likert scale A sample of 93 professional experts in international trade was used. The findings revealed that Chinese migration has generated a significant impulse in the development of the Colombian national territory, providing employment and cultural diversity, likewise, a permanent cooperation between north and south is suggested, promoting solid foreign and migration policies that promote inclusion. Finally, it is concluded that there are challenges and opportunities in terms of integration and equity in local conditions for the strengthening of international relations between both countries.

Resumen La migración china ha sido impulsada por políticas migratorias en Colombia contribuyendo a factores como el fortalecimiento de la diplomacia, oportunidades económicas, intercambio cultural, etc. Debido a la apertura transfronteriza, Colombia ha logrado atraer a un número significativo de migrantes chinos generando un ambiente propicio para nuevas oportunidades y mejorar sus condiciones de vida. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo el análisis de las perspectivas locales de la migración china en Colombia y su impacto en el desarrollo local. Se implementó una metodología de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo por medio de un método deductivo para profundizar las percepciones e impacto en el contexto nacional. Se diseñó y validó el instrumento titulado “PMI Universidad ECCI” correspondientes a sus siglas: Perspectivas de la Migración Internacional el cual indagó en 15 ítems de tres perspectivas: económica, social y perspectivas culturales evaluadas en una escala Likert. Se utilizó una muestra de 93 profesionales expertos en comercio internacional. Los hallazgos revelaron que la migración china ha generado un impulso significativo en el desarrollo del territorio nacional colombiano, aportando empleo y diversidad cultural, asimismo, se sugiere una cooperación permanente dada entre norte-sur promoviendo políticas exteriores y de migración sólidas que fomenten la inclusión. Finalmente se concluye que existen desafíos y oportunidades en términos de integración y equidad en condiciones locales para el fortalecimiento de las relaciones internacionales entre ambos países.

Migration, a prevalent global phenomenon, significantly impacts health, particularly in low- to middle-income countries. This article presents a rapid review aimed at mapping projects, lessons and policies concerning sexual and reproductive health (SRH), HIV and migration in southern Africa. Utilising a population-concept-context framework, the review focuses on understanding the scope, nature and extent of interventions, identifying lessons learnt, and assessing existing policies and strategies. A comprehensive search strategy and screening process resulted in 19 studies and reports for inclusion. The review highlighted diverse projects across southern Africa, addressing SRH and HIV among migrants, refugees and asylum seekers. Projects ranged from peer-education interventions to community-based referral systems, aiming to improve knowledge, access and outcomes related to SRH and HIV. The lessons learnt emphasised the importance of community involvement, healthcare worker (HCW) training and inclusive policies to address migrants' diverse needs effectively. Additionally, projects facilitated cross-border collaborations and policy integration, enhancing access to SRH-HIV services and migrant health rights. Despite these efforts, challenges persist, including gender-based violence, financial barriers and xenophobic attitudes among HCWs. Limited access to comprehensive sexuality education and social protection for migrants underscores the need for further policy development and implementation. Nevertheless, existing policies, such as Botswana's inclusive HIV treatment policy and South Africa's National Strategic Plan for HIV, TB and STIs, demonstrate steps towards ensuring migrants' rights to healthcare.

One of the key contemporary needs in education is to promote nationalism and national cohesion. Challenges confronting most developing countries include political instability, violence, voter apathy, and youth disintegration. Many regard the teaching of citizenship as a possible panacea to remedy these problems. Scholars have applauded the role of citizenship education in inculcating crucial values such as active citizenship, tolerance, and social cohesion. The Lesotho curriculum uses social science subjects, especially history, to address these challenges. Pursuant to repeated calls for the integration of history with citizenship in Lesotho schools in order to enhance history's thrust in achieving the task, this qualitative study adopted the case study design to purposively sample six history teachers, two from each of three secondary schools in the Maseru district. Semi-structured interviews and document analysis of the Education Sector Plan 2005-2015 and Education Sector Strategic Plan 2016-2026, Curriculum and Assessment Policy (CAP) 2009, Lesotho General Certificate of Secondary Education (LGCSE), and the Grade 8 Social Science Syllabus were relied upon for the collection of data. Our findings from this study show that teachers believe that the integration of history and citizenship can instil values of active citizenship, patriotism, political stability, and economic development to mention but a few. We therefore concluded that there are possibilities of integrating history with citizenship instead of leaving them as subjects independent from each other. We recommend that the Ministry of Education and Training (MoET) should consider the integration ofhistory and citizenship into the curriculum.

Resumen: Desde la COVID-19, la integración de herramientas y competencias digitales en la enseñanza superior ya es una realidad en todos los países. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la percepción del profesorado (n = 88) y del alumnado (n = 487) de los Grados en Educación Infantil y Primaria y Máster de formación del profesorado de una universidad pública de Madrid acerca de la evolución de su competencia digital, en general, y de las diferentes áreas competenciales, tanto antes como durante la enseñanza remota de emergencia. Para ello, nos apoyamos en el conocido Marco Común de Competencia Digital Docente del Instituto Nacional de Tecnologías Educativas y de Formación del Profesorado (INTEF). Desde una metodología cuantitativa y un cuestionario ad hoc validado por expertos se ha realizado un análisis descriptivo, correlacional e inferencial de las variables. Los resultados evidencian en los dos perfiles la disposición de recursos digitales suficientes para enfrentarse a esta modalidad, un aumento significativo de la autopercepción de esta competencia, destacando mayor desarrollo en las áreas: Comunicación y Colaboración, Creación de contenidos digitales y Seguridad. También muestran descontento hacia la modalidad virtual por la excesiva carga de trabajo y la formación continua requerida. El estudio ayuda a replantear los planes de estudio del futuro docente y los planes de formación del profesorado universitario sobre la necesaria competencia digital en la actualidad.

Resumo: Desde a COVID-19, a integração de ferramentas e competências digitais no ensino superior tornou-se uma realidade em todos os países. O objetivo do estudo é analisar a perceção do pessoal docente (n = 88) e dos estudantes (n = 487) das Licenciaturas em Educação Infantil e Primária e do Mestrado em Formação de Professores de uma universidade pública de Madrid sobre a evolução da sua competência digital, em geral, e das diferentes áreas de competência, tanto antes como durante o ensino remoto de emergência. Para o efeito, utilizámos o conhecido Quadro Comum para a Competência Digital no Ensino do Instituto Nacional de Tecnologias Educativas e Formação de Professores (INTEF). Utilizando uma metodologia quantitativa e um questionário ad hoc validado por peritos, foi efetuada uma análise descritiva, correlacional e inferencial das variáveis. Os resultados mostram, em ambos os perfis, a disponibilidade de recursos digitais suficientes para enfrentar esta modalidade, um aumento significativo na autoperceção desta competência, destacando um maior desenvolvimento nas seguintes áreas: Comunicação e Colaboração, Criação de conteúdos digitais e Segurança. Mostram, também, insatisfação com a modalidade virtual devido à excessiva carga de trabalho e à formação contínua exigida. O estudo ajuda a repensar os currículos dos futuros professores e os planos de formação do pessoal docente universitário em termos da competência digital atualmente exigida.

Abstract: Since COVID-19, the integration of digital tools and skills in higher education is already a reality in all countries. The aim of this study is to analyse the perception of teachers (n = 88) and students (n = 487) - of the Degrees in Early Childhood and Primary Education and Master of teacher training of a public university in Madrid - on the evolution of their digital competence, in general, and of the different competence areas, both before and during the emergency remote teaching. For this purpose, we rely on the well-known Common Framework of Digital Competence in Teaching of the National Institute of Educational Technologies and Teacher Training (INTEF). Using a quantitative methodology and an ad hoc questionnaire validated by experts, a descriptive, correlational and inferential analysis of the variables was carried out. The results show in both profiles the availability of sufficient digital resources to face this modality, a significant increase in the self-perception of this competence, highlighting greater development in the following areas: Communication and Collaboration, Creation of digital content and Security. They also show dissatisfaction with the virtual modality due to the excessive workload and the continuous training required. This study helps to rethink the curricula of future teachers and the training plans of university faculty on the necessary digital competence today.

La tecnología ha transformado la forma en que se vive y se aprende, al impulsar la imperativa integración de las Tecnologías del Aprendizaje y el Conocimiento (TAC) de manera efectiva. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el uso de las TAC para favorecer el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los alumnos de la carrera de Pedagogía de las Ciencias Experimentales Química y Biología de la Universidad Nacional de Loja. Mediante un enfoque mixto, con encuestas a estudiantes, entrevistas a docentes y de manera complementaria, entrevistas a expertos en tecnologías educativas. Los resultados destacan que las TAC actúan como herramientas facilitadoras, pues posibilitan un aprendizaje más atractivo y motivador; además, fortalecen la comunicación entre docentes y estudiantes, con el fin de personalizar la enseñanza. Se evidenció que las TAC desempeñan un papel esencial en el contexto educativo al aportar significativamente a las planificaciones mediante la implementación de técnicas y estrategias. No obstante, los expertos en tecnologías educativas enfatizan en la necesidad de socializar y capacitar a todos los docentes para mitigar la resistencia al cambio y fomentar la innovación educativa. Es importante considerar la brecha digital como una limitación que puede obstaculizar la implementación efectiva de estas tecnologías.

Technology has transformed the way of living and learning by effectively promoting the imperative integration of Learning and Knowledge Technologies (LKT). This study aimed to analyze the use of ICT to enhance the teaching and learning process for students in the Pedagogy of Experimental Sciences, Chemistry, and Biology at the National University of Loja. To this end, a mixed-method approach was used. This approach involved student surveys, teacher interviews, and supplementary interviews with educational technology experts. The results show that ICTs act as facilitating tools which make learning more engaging and motivating. They also strengthen communication between teachers and students in order to personalize teaching. It was shown that ICTs play an essential role in the educational context by significantly contributing to planning through the implementation of techniques and strategies. However, experts in educational technologies emphasize the need to socialize and train all teachers to mitigate resistance to change and encourage educational innovation. It is important to consider the digital divide as a limitation that may hinder the effective implementation of these technologies.

A tecnologia transformou a forma como vivemos e aprendemos, ao promover a integração imperativa das Tecnologias de Aprendizagem e Conhecimento (CAT) de forma eficaz. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a utilização do TAC para promover o processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos alunos dos cursos de Pedagogia das Ciências Experimentais, Química e Biologia da Universidade Nacional de Loja. Através de uma abordagem mista, com inquéritos aos alunos, entrevistas com professores e, de forma complementar, entrevistas com especialistas em tecnologias educativas. Os resultados destacam que os TAC atuam como ferramentas facilitadoras, pois permitem uma aprendizagem mais atrativa e motivadora; Além disso, fortalecem a comunicação entre professores e alunos, de forma a personalizar o ensino. Ficou evidente que os TAC desempenham um papel essencial no contexto educacional, contribuindo significativamente para o planeamento através da implementação de técnicas e estratégias. No entanto, os especialistas em tecnologia educativa enfatizam a necessidade de socializar e formar todos os professores para mitigar a resistência à mudança e promover a inovação educativa. É importante considerar a exclusão digital como uma limitação que pode dificultar a implementação eficaz destas tecnologias.

Abstract: While the Internet has brought convenience and speed to human life, it has also led to frequent privacy violations. In the context of epidemiological investigations and information disclosure regarding confirmed Covid-19 patients, many individuals have utilized the Internet as a means to disseminate information and engage in cyber manhunts, resulting in breaches of privacy for those involved. This phenomenon is particularly prevalent within the realm of the Internet, where the boundaries of privacy invasion become blurred. Various types of privacy infringements, both active and passive negligence, are evident on social networking platforms. The juxtaposition of the virtual world of the Internet with real-life scenarios presents novel challenges in the realm of privacy violations. The Internet era, coupled with the widespread use and integration of big data, has diminished the absolute right to privacy on the Internet. This paper examines the challenge of safeguarding the identity information of infectious patients through the lens of two theoretical frameworks -Kantianism and Utilitarianism- in an effort to address this ethical dilemma.

Resumo: Enquanto a Internet trouxe conveniência e velocidade à vida humana, ela também levou a frequentes violações da privacidade. No contexto de investigações epidemiológicas e divulgação de informações em relação a pacientes confirmados de Covid-19, muitos indivíduos utilizaram a Internet como um meio para disseminar informação e participar de uma caçada cibernética, resultando em violações da privacidade para aqueles envolvidos. Esse fenômeno é particularmente prevalente no âmbito da Internet, onde os limites de invasão da privacidade se tornaram borrados. Vários tipos de infrações da privacidade, tanto negligências ativa como passiva, são evidentes em plataformas de redes sociais. A justaposição do mundo virtual da Internet com cenários da vida real apresenta novos desafios no âmbito das violações da privacidade. A era da Internet, juntamente com o amplo uso e integração de megadados (big data), diminuiu o direito absoluto à privacidade na Internet. Esse artigo examina o desafio de proteger a informação de identidade de pacientes infectantes através das lentes de dois enquadres teóricos -Kantianismo e Utilitarismo- em um esforço para abordar esse dilema ético.

Resumen: Aunque Internet ha aportado comodidad y rapidez a la vida humana, también ha dado lugar a frecuentes violaciones de la intimidad. En el contexto de las investigaciones epidemiológicas y la divulgación de información relativa a pacientes confirmados de covid-19, muchas personas han utilizado Internet como medio para difundir información y participar en cibercacerías, lo que ha dado lugar a violaciones en la intimidad de los implicados. Este fenómeno prevalece en el ámbito de Internet, donde los límites de la invasión de la intimidad se vuelven vagos. En las redes sociales, se manifiestan diversos tipos de violaciones de la intimidad, tanto por negligencia activa como pasiva. La yuxtaposición entre el mundo virtual de Internet con escenarios de la vida real plantea nuevos retos en el ámbito de las violaciones de la intimidad. La era de Internet, junto con el uso generalizado y la integración del bigdata, han mermado el derecho absoluto a la privacidad. Este artículo examina el reto de salvaguardar la información sobre la identidad de los pacientes infecciosos a través de la lente de dos marcos teóricos -el kantianismo y el utilitarismo- en un esfuerzo por abordar este dilema ético.

Abstract This paper addresses the issues and tensions surrounding the subject of History Didactics and Teaching Practice in the reconfiguration of the curriculum for the History Teaching program at the Faculty of Humanities of the National University of Salta. It acknowledges the existing tensions between an academic and research-oriented profile and the limited focus on teaching in the training of History teachers. The training approach aims to develop critical and reflective teaching professionals, engaging the subject's curriculum with the social demands that permeate the classroom walls. From these social demands and issues, the subject creates new training spaces by incorporating university extension and its curricular integration, facilitating curriculum localization. Furthermore, the content and implementation of the subject emphasize the need to work with updated historiography in practices that incorporate social actors, using problem-based history for teaching history and forming critically reflective teaching professionals. Through an analysis of the work carried out by the department, there is a need to consider restructuring the curriculum to achieve better organization and teacher training.

Resumen El presente trabajo plantea como abordar las problemáticas y tensiones alrededor de la materia Didáctica de la Historia y Práctica Docente en la reconfiguración del plan de estudios de la carrera del Profesorado en Historia de la Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional de Salta, reconociendo las tensiones existentes entre el perfil academicista e investigativo y el escaso perfil orientado a la docencia en la formación del Profesor/a en Historia. El dispositivo de formación se aborda hacia la formación de un profesorado crítico y reflexivo en su práctica, interpelando al programa de la materia con las demandas sociales que penetran los muros del aula. Desde las demandas y problemáticas sociales, la materia configura nuevos espacios de formación incorporando la extensión universitaria y su curricularización, lo que posibilita la territorialización del currículum. A su vez, en los contenidos y cursado de la materia se plantea la necesidad de trabajar con historiografía renovada en las prácticas incorporando a actores sociales desde una historia problema para la enseñanza de la historia y la formación de un profesorado crítico-reflexivo. A partir del análisis de la tarea desarrollada por la cátedra se debe asumir la reconfiguración del plan de estudios pensando en lograr una mejor estructuración y formación del profesorado.

Abstract: In the last decade, Chile has experienced sustained growth in informal settlements, especially in the Valparaíso Region, which concentrates 22 % nationwide. To address it, the State has prioritized the relocation strategy by delivering housing subsidies and moving families from the camps to different places, with little evidence of the impacts on Urban Social Integration (ISU), the guiding principle of the National Development Policy. Urban. This article visualizes the geographical displacement of families in Greater Valparaíso between 2011 and 2022 and analyzes their perceptions and experiences from a sociocultural, political, economic, and spatial sphere. The results indicate that families perceive improvements in living conditions in the home. However, they present difficulties in reconstructing the social identity that existed in the informal settlement, their links with the labor market and income, and essential urban services have been weakened. They do not have availability and adequate coverage, and they perceive abandonment by institutions in the process of adaptation and integration into the neighborhood. This highlights the urgency of incorporating comprehensive material and symbolic strategies that address ISU from the multidimensionality that a family's vital situation implies.

Resumen: En la última década, Chile ha experimentado un crecimiento sostenido de los campamentos, especialmente en la Región de Valparaíso, que concentra el 22 % de estos a nivel nacional. Para su abordaje, el Estado ha priorizado la estrategia de relocalización mediante la entrega de subsidios habitacionales, trasladando familias desde los campamentos a diferentes lugares, con escasas evidencias de los impactos en integración social urbana (ISU), principio rector de la Política Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano. Este artículo visualiza el desplazamiento geográfico de las familias en el Gran Valparaíso entre 2011 y 2022, y analiza sus percepciones y experiencias desde una esfera sociocultural, política, económica y espacial. Los resultados indican que estas perciben mejoras en las condiciones de habitabilidad en la vivienda, sin embargo, presentan dificultades para reconstruir la identidad social que existía en el campamento, se han debilitado sus vínculos con el mercado laboral y los ingresos, los servicios urbanos esenciales no tienen disponibilidad y cobertura adecuada, y perciben abandono por parte de las instituciones públicas en el proceso de adaptación e integración al barrio. Esto resalta la urgencia de incorporar estrategias integrales de orden material y simbólico que aborden la ISU desde la multidimensionalidad que implica la situación vital de una familia.