Abstract Entheogens have emerged in clinical research as an alternative pharmacological solution for Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) because they possess rapid and enduring antidepressant and anxiolytic effects and mitigate suicidal ideation. Furthermore, they induce positive emotions and elicit mystical or spiritual experiences, attributes that may contribute to their therapeutic efficacy, given the protective influence of mysticism and religiosity against depression. This narrative review aims to discuss the extant evidence concerning the utilization of entheogens in TRD, provide an up-to-date understanding of the research landscape and to elucidate the mechanisms of action of compounds such as psilocybin, DMT, LSD, ketamine, esketamine, and cannabinoids. The effectiveness of entheogens in the management of depression has been consistently validated in clinical trials. Nonetheless, it is imperative to recognize our limited understanding of potential adverse effects, particularly in the long term, despite data supporting its acute tolerability.

Resumen Los enteógenos han surgido en la investigación clínica como un tratamiento alternativo para la Depresión Resistente al Tratamiento (DRT). Tienen efectos antidepresivos rápidos y duraderos, son ansiolíticos, y mitigan la ideación suicida. Además, inducen emociones positivas y provocan experiencias místicas o espirituales, atributos que pueden contribuir a su eficacia terapéutica, dada la influencia protectora del misticismo y la religiosidad contra la depresión. Esta revisión narrativa tiene como objetivo discutir la evidencia existente sobre la utilización de enteógenos en la DRT, proporcionar una comprensión actualizada del panorama de la investigación y discutir los mecanismos de acción de compuestos como la psilocibina, DMT, LSD, ketamina, esketamina y cannabinoides. La eficacia de los enteógenos en el manejo de la depresión ha sido validada consistentemente en los ensayos clínicos. No obstante, es imperativo reconocer nuestra limitada comprensión de los posibles efectos adversos, especialmente a largo plazo, a pesar de los datos que sustentan su tolerabilidad aguda.

Resumen El artículo plantea distintas concepciones que algunas tradiciones filosóficas y religiosas, tanto de Oriente como de Occidente, han mantenido en torno a lo que es el espíritu y la manera de concebirlo. Se analiza la noción de Alianza entre Dios y el hombre y la personalización del espíritu que deriva de ello en el judaísmo; además, se exponen los argumentos que confrontan tal posición y se debate en torno al finalismo espiritual, aludiendo tanto a Spinoza como a Nagarjuna. Con todo ello, se observará que la filosofía, ya sea como herramienta o modo de vida, constituye un antecedente necesario para considerar la meta-filosofía, la cual se alude en la tercera parte del texto.

Abstract The article analyzes different conceptions that some philosophical and religious traditions, both from the East and from the West, have maintained about what the spirit is and the way of conceiving it. The notion of Alliance between God and man and the personalization of the spirit that derives from it in Judaism is analyzed; In addition, the arguments that confront such position are exposed and the spiritual finalism is discussed, alluding to both Spinoza and Nagarjuna. It will be observed that philosophy, either as a tool or a way of life, constitutes a necessary antecedent to consider metaphilosophy, which is alluded to in the third part of the text.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to show that, even though mysticism refers to an experiential dimension of the divine that cannot be conceptually encompassed, trascendental philosophical reflection, which is eminently conceptual, has value for those who follow this spiritual path. In particular, we will see that philosophical speculation of this nature, if properly conducted, clarifies the conditions of possibility of the unio mystica. In turn, the right use of reason brings to light the limits of this faculty in the context of the experience of the divine. The road map we have drawn for the justification of our hypothesis is as follows: we will begin by elucidating the concept of mysticism (1), and then argue that trascendental philosophical reflection contributes to this tradition by elucidating, by rational and discursive means, the conditions of possibility of the unio mystica (2). We will conclude by specifying not only the virtues of philosophy for mysticism, but also its limits in this context (3).

Resumen Este artículo tiene por finalidad dar cuenta de que, aun cuando el misticismo se refiere a una dimensión experiencial de lo divino que no puede ser abarcada conceptualmente, la reflexión filosófica trascendental, la cual es eminentemente conceptual, tiene valor para quien sigue este camino espiritual. En particular, veremos que la especulación filosófica de esta naturaleza, en caso de ser realizada adecuadamente, aclara las condiciones de posibilidad de la unio mystica. A su vez, el recto uso de la razón trae a la luz los límites de esta facultad en el contexto de la experiencia de lo divino. El mapa de ruta que hemos trazado para la justificación de nuestra hipótesis es el siguiente: comenzaremos elucidando el concepto misticismo (1), para luego argumentar que la reflexión filosófico-trascendental tributa a esta tradición por medio de la elucidación, por vía racional y discursiva, de las condiciones de posibilidad de la unio mystica (2). Concluiremos especificando no solo las virtudes de la filosofía para el misticismo, sino también sus límites (3).

Abstract In order to identify the trends in Latin American theological research, a Systematic Literature Review is carried out on 494 articles from seven high impact theological journals in this continent, bearing in mind as a theoretical framework the definitions of Latin American Theology, Liberation Theology and Theology of the People, in the current context of the Catholic Church, regarding the challenges for a Theology in context and in departure. With a mixed methodology, several dimensions of the publications are measured, such as, for example, the universities of greater production, the origin of the researchers, the place of women in theological research and the main topics that are investigated in Theology in Latin America, from the generality of the theological fields to the particularity of specific topics. In conclusion, it is evidenced, among other issues, the preference for theological reflection from the magisterium of Pope Francis, the recovery of the memory of the conferences of Medellin and Aparecida, the contributions of the Second Vatican Council, mysticism and spirituality and the validity of Latin American theology in current research.

Resumen Para identificar las tendencias de la investigación teológica latinoamericana se hace una revisión sistemática de literatura, sobre 494 artículos de siete revistas teológicas de alto impacto en este continente, teniendo presente como marco teórico las definiciones de la teología latinoamericana, de la liberación y del pueblo, en el contexto actual de la Iglesia católica, a propósito de los desafíos para una teología en contexto y en salida. Con una metodología mixta, se miden varias dimensiones de las publicaciones como, por ejemplo, las universidades de mayor producción, la procedencia de los investigadores, el lugar de la mujer en la investigación teológica y los principales temas que se investigan en teología en América Latina, desde la generalidad de los campos teológicos hasta la particularidad de temáticas específicas. En conclusión, se evidencia, entre otros asuntos, la preferencia por la reflexión teológica desde el magisterio del papa Francisco, la recuperación de la memoria de las conferencias de Medellín y Aparecida, los aportes del Concilio Vaticano II, la mística y la espiritualidad y la vigencia de la teología latinoamericana en la investigación actual.

Abstract In Early Christianity the miraculous charisma of discretio spirituum was exercised with great freedom by many holy men and women who managed to avoid the constraints of the institutional Church. From the end of the Middle Ages, on the contrary, the gift of discernment came under the full control of the official religion: charismatic religiosity began to lose from then on much of the autonomy and freedom it had enjoyed for centuries. Finally, from the end of the early modern period, the charisma of probatio spirituum disappeared without too much ado from the official discourse, which from then on only alluded to the art of discernment understood as a collectively constructed human know-how, based on probabilities and conjectures, oblivious to all pretense of infallibility and incapable of forcing believers to compulsively embrace the conclusions reached by ecclesiastical authorities.

Resumen Durante el primer milenio cristiano el fabuloso carisma de discretio spirituum fue ejercido con amplia libertad por muchos santos que lograron trascender las constricciones de la Iglesia institucional. Desde fines de la Edad Media, por el contrario, el don de discernimiento fue sometido al pleno control de la religión oficial: la religiosidad carismática comenzó a perder a partir de entonces gran parte de la autonomía y libertad que había gozado durante siglos. Finalmente, desde fines de la Edad Moderna el carisma de la probatio spirituum desapareció sin demasiados preámbulos del discurso oficial, que solamente aludió de allí en más al arte de discernir entendido como un know how terrenal, colectivamente construido, sustentado en probabilidades y conjeturas, ajeno a toda pretensión de infalibilidad y que no obliga a los creyentes a abrazar de manera compulsiva las conclusiones a las que el orden sacerdotal arriba.

Abstract In the writing rescued here, originally published by the Universidad Nacional del Litoral in 1936, Vicente Fatone (Buenos Aires, 1903-1962) conceives dance and architecture as privileged modes of access to the absolute. The Argentine philosopher identifies architecture, as spatial infinity, with asceticism and dance, as temporal infinity: while the first is understood as the establishment of a world, the second is considered as an exercise of freedom, which expresses the divine that inhabits in the human being through a dynamic principle.

Resumen En el escrito que aquí se rescata, publicado originalmente por la Universidad Nacional del Litoral en 1936, Vicente Fatone (Buenos aires, 1903-1962) concibe la danza y la arquitectura como modos privilegiados de acceso a lo absoluto. El filósofo argentino identifica la arquitectura como un infinito espacial y con una ascética, y a la danza, como infinito temporal, con una mística: mientras la primera es entendida como instauración de un mundo, la segunda es considerada como un ejercicio de libertad, que expresa lo divino que habita en el ser humano a través de un principio dinámico.

Resumo: A dança folclórica chinesa, como uma expressão vibrante de arte, serve como um canal para a rica tapeçaria da cultura folclórica, da tradição histórica, da filosofia religiosa e do misticismo. Este estudo aprofunda-se nesses elementos da dança folclórica chinesa, analisando suas conotações culturais e seu significado espiritual. Ele começa com as origens da dança folclórica, explorando as características, os conceitos e os tipos culturais da dança, e estabelece sua interconexão. Além disso, examina o papel da filosofia religiosa e do misticismo no enriquecimento do conteúdo e da forma da dança, destacando seu profundo valor social e espiritual. Pesquisas demonstraram que a compreensão dos elementos religiosos e místicos da dança folclórica chinesa é essencial para a preservação cultural e a educação. A integração desses elementos, nos currículos educacionais e nos esforços de conservação cultural, pode cultivar a compreensão da geração mais jovem sobre o patrimônio cultural intangível da China e manter as tradições vivas e relevantes. Isso não apenas enriquece a experiência educacional, mas também promove a continuação e o desenvolvimento da cultura tradicional chinesa. Resumo arte histórica aprofundase aprofunda se espiritual características interconexão disso educação relevantes educacional

Abstract: Chinese folk dance, as a vibrant expression of art, serves as a conduit for the rich tapestry of folk culture, historical tradition, religious philosophy and mysticism. This study delves into these elements within Chinese folk dance, analyzing their cultural connotations and spiritual significance. It begins with the origins of folk dance, exploring the characteristics, concepts and cultural types of dance, and establishes their interconnectedness. Furthermore, it examines the role of religious philosophy and mysticism in enriching the content and form of dance, highlighting their deep social and spiritual value. Research has shown that understanding the religious and mystical elements of Chinese folk dance is essential for cultural preservation and education. Integrating these elements into educational curricula and cultural conservation efforts can cultivate the younger generation’s understanding of China’s intangible cultural heritage and keep the traditions alive and relevant. This not only enriches the educational experience, but also promotes the continuation and development of traditional Chinese culture. Abstract art culture tradition significance characteristics interconnectedness Furthermore value education generations generation s Chinas China relevant experience

The contemporary interpretation of Lao-Zhuang's thought reveals a multidimensional dialogue between tradition and modernity, the local and the exotic, and East and West. The interaction between Lao-Zhuang's thoughts and Western religious philosophy can be explored through the lens of mysticism. By examining the non-material nature of the Tao, the transcendence of language, and the cultivation goal of the unity of nature and humanity, we can discern the relationship between the cultivation practices in Lao-Zhuang's thought and religious mysticism. The chaos, uncertainty, infinity and nothingness associated with the non-physical Tao present a subtle and mysterious depiction of nature. The silence of the perfect man, who sees things in terms of the Tao, along with their conversion to the Tao, steadfastness to the Tao, flexibility in treating things according to the Tao and freedom to be one with the Tao, provides an ethical realm of inner cultivation. Through the dialogue between Lao-Zhuang's philosophy and Western religion, we can uncover the commonalities and differences between Chinese and Western cultures, as well as the significant value of Lao-Zhuang's thought in contemporary cultural and philosophical discussions. CONTRIBUTION: This article examines the relationship between cultivation practice in Lao-Zhuang's thought and religious mysticism from the perspective of cross-cultural research. By discussing the immateriality and infinity of 'Tao,' as well as the relationship between Tao and name, speech and debate, it presents the mystery of Tao. Through the non-cognitive practice mode of real people, they experience 'Tao' and achieve the realm of 'Harmony between nature and man,' demonstrating the mystery of cultivation efforts

Travellers on the N4 highway just east of Pretoria can see evidence of a sacred spring next to the road with pilgrims moving around the landscape and collecting water. This research explored this place - called 'En Four' by some - and described visits and conversations had at the site in 2024. The first part of the research narrated the encounters and recorded the local and anecdotal knowledge shared by pilgrims and visitors. The research then analysed the religious significance of the water-based rituals using Rodney Stark's religion-sociological theory of religion: it identified evidence of magic, prayer, ritual and mysticism. Finally, a number of findings considered the use, value and care of water at this religious site: En Four offers various religious experiences, contributes to mental and physical health and may enhance social cohesion and understanding. CONTRIBUTION: This research recorded an important, but still undocumented, religious site, as well as the activities and rituals enacted at this place. It interpreted the African water-rituals uniquely from a religion-sociological perspective, also indicating its significance for both individuals and society. This contributed to an interreligious dialogue on, and reappreciation of water as being holy and transformative.

Abstract This article delves into the reception of Dilthey’s work in France during the first half of the 20th century. Rather than focusing on his most famous French commentator of the period, Raymond Aron, this study offers an overview of the appropriations of Dilthey present in the works of Alexandre Koyré, historian of science, and also of philosophy, religions, and German speculative mysticism. Deeply marked by Dilthey’s work, Koyré was close to Aron and Bernard Groethuysen, another ignored Diltheyan reader and commentator. This is attested not only by the studies he wrote directly about this author, but also by those in which his name does not appear, including those on the history of German speculative mysticism and the history of science. This seemingly unconventional association underscores the complexity of Dilthey’s reception in France, making clear the need to broaden this field of analysis beyond Aron’s contributions. Diltheys s th century period science philosophy religions Groethuysen author appear Arons contributions

Resumo Este artigo tem como tema a recepção de Wilhelm Dilthey na França, na primeira metade do século XX. Não se trata, contudo, de uma exposição da obra do seu mais célebre comentador francês do período, Raymond Aron. Apresenta-se em linhas gerais a recepção de Dilthey na obra de Alexandre Koyré, historiador das ciências e também da filosofia, das religiões e do misticismo especulativo alemão. Próximo de Raymond Aron e de Bernard Groethuysen, outro leitor e comentador diltheyano ignorado, Koyré foi marcado pela obra de Dilthey, o que é atestado pelos trabalhos que escreveu diretamente sobre este autor, bem como por aqueles nos quais seu nome não aparece, e sobre a história do misticismo especulativo alemão e a história das ciências. A aparente estranheza dessa aproximação nos mostra a complexidade da recepção de Dilthey na França e a necessidade de alargarmos seu campo de análise para além dos trabalhos de Aron. XX trata contudo período Apresentase Apresenta filosofia Groethuysen ignorado autor aparece

Resumen El siguiente artículo propone analizar en tres secciones la forma en que la masonería logró abrirse paso en el Dar al-islam como parte de la expansión imperialista europea, la cual tuvo sus primeras expresiones en el siglo XVIII y se logró asentar en el siglo XIX. La primera sección tiene como objetivo establecer el vínculo entre masonería e imperialismo, la segunda se aboca a profundizar sobre las transformaciones estructurales internas que sufre el Dar al-islam ante el desafío imperialista europeo, y finalmente en la tercera sección se analiza la manera en que la masonería buscó establecerse en el mundo islámico generando toda una reflexión sobre sus orígenes místicos y asociativos frente a los universos culturales islámicos que se consideraron similares a los de la masonería.

Abstract The following article analyzes in three sections the way in which freemasonry managed to break through in Dar al-islam as part of the European imperialist expansion, which had its first expressions in the 18th century and reached its apogee in the 19th century. The first section aims to establish the link between freemasonry and imperialism, the second focuses on the internal structural transformations suffered by Dar al-islam facing the European imperialist challenge, and finally, the third section analyzes how freemasonry sought to establish itself in the Islamic world, reflecting on its mystical and associative origins based on the references to Islamic cultural practices that were regarded as similar to those of freemasonry.

Resumen En este trabajo se analiza el problema del conocimiento de sí en la filosofía de JeanJacques Rousseau a partir de cuatro tópicos presentes en Las ensoñaciones del paseante solitario: la autobiografía, la ficción, la tradición pastoral y la mística. El problema del conocimiento de sí responde a la inquietud filosófica de base en Rousseau: conocer qué es el hombre. A partir de estos cuatro temas se pretende, entonces, recorrer las posibilidades y limitaciones de este conocimiento.

Abstract This paper analyses the problem of self-knowledge in the philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. This is accomplished through four topics in Reveries of the solitary walker: autobiography, fiction, pastoral tradition and mysticism. The problem of self-knowledge responds to Rousseau’s basic philosophical concern: to learn what human being is. From these four starting points, then, the aim is to explore the possibilities and limitations of such knowledge.

ABSTRACT This paper explores the possibility of thinking a place for the mysticism of Self within the constitutive requirements of the modern form of consciousness. It takes a common idea found in the works of three representative thinkers of Modernity – Feuerbach, Nietzsche and Jung – , and interprets it in the light of the mysticism of Self. Then the perspective thus established is used in order to interpret the mystical dimension present in a concrete fragment of contemporary psychological experience. The strengthening of the conexion between Mysticism of Self and psychological experience opens a fertile dialogical space in the borderland comprising Theology, Philosophy and Psychology. consciousness Feuerbach Theology Psychology

RESUMO O artigo explora a possibilidade de se pensar um lugar para a mística do Si-mesmo em consonância com as coordenadas que definem a forma de consciência prevalente na modernidade. Para tanto, toma-se um ideologema comum encontrado no pensamento de três autores que representam o espírito da modernidade – Feuerbach, Nietzsche e Jung – e apresenta-se uma interpretação sob a perspectiva da mística do Si-mesmo. Em seguida, a posição assim estabelecida é utilizada para interpretar a dimensão mística presente em um fragmento concreto de experiência psicológica contemporânea. Consolidando a articulação entre Mística do Si-mesmo e experiência psicológica, abre-se espaço para um fecundo diálogo na zona fronteiriça envolvendo teologia, filosofia e psicologia. Simesmo Si mesmo tanto tomase toma Feuerbach apresentase apresenta Simesmo. mesmo. seguida contemporânea abrese abre teologia psicologia

Resumo Este artigo é um exercício de aproximação dialética entre Clarice Lispector e Jorge Luis Borges, levando em consideração o conteúdo filosófico das suas escritas, específicamente no que tange ao questionamento da subjetividade individual. As principais diferenças entre os dois autores (o raciocínio frente à intuição, a intertextualidade frente à introspecção, a erudição frente ao misticismo) são desconstruídas de tal forma que ambos os projetos literários se revelam complementários ou inclusive reduzíveis a um denominador comum. Borges escritas individual intuição introspecção misticismo comum

Abstract This paper is an attempt to approach dialectically Clarice Lispector and Jorge Luis Borges, bearing in mind the philosophical content of their writings, regarding the undermining of individual subjectivity. The main differences between the two authors (rationality vs. intuition, intertextuality vs. introspection, erudition vs. mysticism) are deconstructed in a way that configures the two literary projects as complementary or even reducible to a common denominator. Borges writings subjectivity rationality vs intuition introspection mysticism denominator

Resumen Este artículo constituye un ejercicio de aproximación dialéctica entre Clarice Lispector y Jorge Luis Borges, considerando el contenido filosófico de sus escritos, específicamente en lo referido al cuestionamiento de la subjetividad individual. Las principales diferencias entre los dos autores (lo racional frente a lo intuitivo, la intertextualidad frente a la introspección, la erudición frente al misticismo) se deconstruyen de tal forma que ambos proyectos literarios resultan complementarios o incluso reductibles a un denominador común. Borges escritos individual intuitivo introspección misticismo común

Abstract Outside the aesthetic and institutional framework of what was conventionally called classic cinematographic art, there was a thriving group of film acting performances — mostly experimental — whose aesthetic program was to take a thesis that pervades much of the acting theory to its performative dimension (in theater and cinema): his holiness, possession, or mysticism. This work intends, then, to make up a genealogy of acting forms in cinema that generated this thesis of transcendentality of the actor's work through Christian iconography, but degraded by its surroundings marked by violence, hunger and injustice. Thus, anticlericalism and a heritage of the visual arts serve as a methodological basis for accessing this proposal of a genealogical study of experimental film acting forms in three thematic fields: 1) revelation; 2) the crucifixion and the Christic figure; 3) the Pieta and the Mater Dolorosa. art cinema) holiness possession mysticism intends then actors actor s iconography violence injustice Thus fields 1 revelation 2 figure 3 Dolorosa

Resumo Fora do enquadramento estético e institucional do que se convencionou chamar de arte cinematográfica clássica, houve um pujante grupo de manifestações atorais no cinema — majoritariamente de vertente experimental — cujo programa foi levar para a dimensão performativa de seu métier uma tese que perpassa muito da teoria do ator (no teatro e no cinema): sua santidade, possessão ou misticismo. Este trabalho intenta, então, perfazer uma genealogia de formas atorais no cinema que figuravam essa tese da transcendentalidade do trabalho do ator por meio da iconografia cristã, degradada nesses filmes pelo seu entorno marcado por violência, fome e injustiça. Assim, anticlericalismo e herança das artes visuais servem de base metodológica para acessar essa proposta de genealogia das formas atorais experimentais no cinema em três principais vias temáticas: 1) a revelação; 2) a crucificação e figura crística; 3) a Pietá e a Mater Dolorosa. clássica cinema) santidade misticismo intenta então cristã violência injustiça Assim temáticas 1 revelação 2 crística 3 Dolorosa