Groundwater is considered an important source of water aid for human consumption. However, this water can be contaminated by impurities, such contamination spots that might reach the water tables. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of shallow groundwater in Flores neighborhood, located in the municipality of Benevides, within Belém metropolitan region, State of Pará, Brazil. Recommendations described in Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater were followed at the time to determine physical-chemical parameters such as potential hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), apparent color, turbidity, total hardness (TH), ions and trace elements. Multivariate statistical analysis has shown that most predictive water-quality parameters set for human consumption are associated with natural events involving weathering and leaching processes. Nevertheless, parameters of nitrate, phosphate, EC, TDS and pH are also influenced by anthropic conditions in the surroundings, mainly phosphate and nitrate ions. Therefore, it can be concluded that shallow groundwaters in Flores neighborhood are unsuitable for human consumption, making it necessary for municipal public authorities to take action to solve the problem of water shortage in the borough, thus preventing the population from use those shallow groundwaters, as their consumption can bring health problems. However impurities tables Benevides region Pará Brazil physicalchemical physical chemical pH, , (pH) EC (EC) TDS, (TDS) color turbidity TH, TH (TH) elements waterquality processes Nevertheless surroundings Therefore borough problems (pH (EC (TDS (TH

ABSTRACT The spatial variability of soil attributes in terraced areas is poorly studied in the semi-arid region. Considering that multivariate analysis enhances the diagnosis of spatial variability from geostatistics, soil attributes were studied in different zones between terrace channels in semi-arid region, more precisely in a retention terrace area in Canindé (Ceará, Brazil). Soil samples (n = 100) were collected at depths of 0.0 - 0.1 and 0.1 - 0.2 m for descriptive and geostatistical analysis. For multivariate analysis, samples from three zones relative to the terrace channel (Upper, Middle, and Lower) in the 0.0 - 0.2 m layer were considered, with 30 replicates. There was spatial dependence of soil attributes in the two layers studied. Near the channel, in the respective layers, there was higher clay content (13.7% and 14.7%) and higher degree of flocculation (61.3% and 71.7%) compared to the other zones. Water-dispersible clay was higher in the Upper zone (6.5% and 7.7% in the respective layers), while the Middle zone showed higher potential acidity in the evaluated layers (4.8 and 4.5 cmolc dm-3, respectively) compared to the other zones. In the multivariate analysis, there were highlights for the higher sum of bases in the Upper zone (18.9 ± 0.8 cmolc dm-3), higher sand content in the Middle zone (72.6 ± 0.6%), lower potential acidity (2.1 ± 0.2 cmolc dm-3) and higher phosphorus content (12.8 ± 3.0 mg kg-1) in the Low zone. The zone above the terrace channel loses mainly clay and requires practices to increase water and nutrient retention. semiarid semi arid region geostatistics Ceará, Ceará (Ceará Brazil. Brazil . Brazil) n 100 00 0 0. 01 1 02 2 Upper, (Upper Lower considered 3 replicates 13.7% 137 13 7 (13.7 14.7% 147 14 61.3% 613 61 (61.3 71.7% 717 71 Waterdispersible Water dispersible 6.5% 65 6 5 (6.5 77 7.7 , layers) 4.8 48 4 8 (4. 45 4. dm3, dm3 dm 3, dm-3 respectively 18.9 189 18 9 (18. 08 72.6 726 72 (72. 0.6%, 06 0.6% 0.6%) 2.1 21 (2. 12.8 128 12 (12. 3. kg1 kg kg-1 10 13.7 (13. 14.7 61.3 (61. 71.7 6.5 (6. 7. (4 dm- 18. (18 72. (72 0.6 2. (2 12. (12 kg- 13. (13 14. 61. (61 71. 6. (6 ( (1 (7

RESUMO As pimenteiras ornamentais apresentam variabilidade genética que pode ser acessada por meio de caracteres morfológicos e moleculares. A seleção de genótipos para formação de população base para o melhoramento pode ser realizada por meio de análise conjunta de vários tipos de dados, proporcionando maior precisão na seleção. Nessa perspectiva, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a diversidade entre acessos de pimenta com base na análise de características fenotípicas e marcadores moleculares e selecionar os melhores para serem utilizados como parentais em programas de melhoramento. O trabalho foi realizado no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Paraíba, Brasil. Foram utilizados 16 genótipos de pimenteiras ornamentais, e caracterizados quanto a oito caracteres quantitativos, nove qualitativos e 18 pares de iniciadores microssatélites. As análises simultâneas das variáveis foram realizadas usando o método de agrupamento de Tocher, agrupamento do algoritmo de Ward e a matriz de dissimilaridades. Os métodos de agrupamentos foram eficientes na separação dos genótipos, identificando variabilidade genética e precisão na seleção por meio da análise conjunta de dados quantitativos, qualitativos e moleculares. Diferentes grupos foram formados entre os genótipos pelo método de Tocher (seis grupos) e pelo método de Ward (três grupos). Existe variabilidade genética entre os genótipos de pimenteiras ornamentais, considerando análise conjunta de dados quantitativos, qualitativos e moleculares. Características qualitativas são importantes na identificação de divergência genética entre acessos de pimenteira ornamental. Os genótipos UFPB 46, 134, 137, 443 e 449, o mini pimentão Akamu e a cultivar Calypso são indicados para seleção, podem ser utilizados para realizar cruzamentos e dar continuidade ao programa de melhoramento genético. perspectiva Paraíba Brasil 1 quantitativos microssatélites dissimilaridades seis três grupos. . ornamental 46 134 137 44 449 genético 4 13

ABSTRACT Ornamental pepper plants have genetic variability, which can be accessed through morphological and molecular traits. Genotype selection to form the base population for breeding can be performed through the joint analysis of several types of data, providing greater selection accuracy. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity among pepper accessions based on analysis of phenotypic traits and molecular markers and to select the best ones to use as parents in breeding programs. The study was carried out at the Centro de Ciências Agrárias of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. Sixteen ornamental pepper genotypes were used and characterized for eight quantitative traits, nine qualitative traits, and 18 pairs of microsatellite primers. Simultaneous variable analyses were performed using Tocher’s clustering method, Ward’s clustering algorithm, and the dissimilarity matrix. The clustering methods were efficient in separating the genotypes, identifying genetic variability, and accuracy in the selection through the joint analysis of quantitative, qualitative, and molecular data. Different groups were formed among the genotypes by Tocher’s method (six groups) and Ward’s method (three groups). There is genetic variability among ornamental pepper genotypes considering the joint analysis of quantitative, qualitative, and molecular data. Qualitative traits are important in the identification of genetic divergence among ornamental pepper accessions. The UFPB genotypes 46, 134, 137, 443 and 449, the mini pepper Akamu, and the cultivar Calypso are indicated for selection and can be used to carry out crosses and continue the breeding program. data perspective programs Paraíba Brazil 1 primers Tochers Tocher s Wards Ward algorithm matrix six three groups. . 46 134 137 44 449 Akamu program 4 13

Abstract The objective of this research is to identify and describe the main domains and subdomains of the entrepreneurial ecosystem that drive entrepreneurship in Mexico and establish their relationship with the entrepreneurial intention. For this purpose, a structured direct questionnaire was developed which was applied to 1,141 students of accounting, administration, and computer science majors, from the Faculty of Accounting and Administration of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. A descriptive, correlational, and multivariate analysis was carried out. The results allow to know that the training of an entrepreneur integrates social, cultural and economic knowledge, which increases the probability of creating successful entrepreneurship; however, knowledge of the business environment does not represent a strength for students, specifically they lack knowledge about the financing sources. Regarding the students' perception about the market and human capital, it was found that they have a notion of the elements that allow increasing sales in an organization and know how to recognize the importance of human capital. On the other hand, students express concern about procedures and corruption, which are barriers that usually prevent entrepreneurship in Mexico; likewise, they require more information about entrepreneurship support services.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar y describir los principales dominios y subdominios del ecosistema emprendedor que favorecen el emprendimiento en México, y establecer su relación con la intención de emprendimiento, para ello se elaboró un cuestionario directo estructurado el cual fue aplicado a 1,141 estudiantes de las carreras de contaduría, administración e informática, de la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, se realizó un análisis descriptivo, correlacional y multivariado. Los resultados permiten saber que la formación de un emprendedor integra conocimientos sociales, culturales y económicos, lo cual incrementa las probabilidades de crear emprendimientos exitosos, sin embargo, el conocimiento del ambiente empresarial no representa una fortaleza para los estudiantes, específicamente carecen de conocimientos sobre las fuentes de financiamiento. Respecto a la percepción de los estudiantes acerca del mercado y del capital humano, se encontró que estos tienen noción de los elementos que permiten incrementar las ventas en una organización y saben reconocer la importancia del capital humano. Por otra parte, los estudiantes manifiestan preocupación por los trámites y la corrupción que son barreras que suelen impedir el emprendimiento en México; asimismo, requieren de más información sobre de los servicios de apoyo al emprendimiento.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Vacuum-assisted mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (vmPCNL) is being increasingly adopted due to its faster operating times and lower incidence of postoperative infectious complications (IC), however, studies have been limited by small sample sizes. We hypothesize that vmPCNL is an efficacious treatment for renal stone disease with acceptable stone-free rates (SFR) and low incidence of IC. The objectives of this study were to measure SFR three months after surgery, determine the factors influencing SFR, and determine the rates of postoperative IC after vmPCNL. Materials and Methods: Seven hundred and sixty seven patients underwent vmPCNL for the treatment of renal stones > 20 mm at a single institution. Patients underwent postoperative computed tomography at three months to assess SFR. Postoperative fever and SIRS/Sepsis were recorded for individual patients. Multivariate logistics regression was performed to assess predictors of SFR. Results: The SFR was found to be 73.7% at three months. Stone burden (OR 0.39, 95% CI [0.33-0.46]) and age (OR 1.03, 95% CI [1.01-1.04]) emerged as statistically significant predictors of SFR on multivariate analysis. 5.5% of patients experienced postoperative fever, while 2.9% experienced SIRS/Sepsis. Conclusions: This is the largest continuous cohort of patients to undergo vmPCNL for stone disease and demonstrates that vmPCNL is safe and efficacious, with an SFR of 74% at three months. The incidence of postoperative fever and SIRS/Sepsis is 5.5% and 2.9% respectively. Further randomized studies with large sample sizes are required to ascertain the rates of these complications in comparison to conventional approaches. Purpose Vacuumassisted Vacuum assisted minipercutaneous mini percutaneous (vmPCNL IC, , (IC) however stonefree free (SFR surgery Methods 2 institution SIRSSepsis SIRS Sepsis Results 737 73 7 73.7 OR 039 0 39 0.39 95 0.330.46 033046 0.33 0.46 33 46 [0.33-0.46] 103 1 03 1.03 1.011.04 101104 1.01 1.04 01 04 [1.01-1.04] analysis 55 5 5.5 29 9 2.9 Conclusions 74 respectively approaches (IC 73. 3 0.3 330 0.330.4 03304 033 046 0.4 4 [0.33-0.46 10 1.0 011 1.011.0 10110 101 104 [1.01-1.04 5. 2. 0. 0.330. 0330 [0.33-0.4 1. 1.011. 1011 [1.01-1.0 0.330 [0.33-0. 1.011 [1.01-1. [0.33-0 [1.01-1 [0.33- [1.01- [0.33 [1.01 [0.3 [1.0 [0. [1. [0 [1 [

ABSTRACT The mangroves are exposed to threats such as sea level rise, coastal erosion, increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme events, in addition to socioeconomic pressures. This study aimed to carry out a vulnerability and risk climate analysis for the Colombian mangrove socioecosystem. 22 threat indicators, eight of sensitivity and 18 of adaptive capacity were used, and through multivariate numerical analysis, the vulnerability and climate risk indices for Colombian Pacific and Caribbean mangroves were generated. The mangroves that presented the highest risk in the Caribbean were located in the Manaure, Tubará and, Puerto Escondido municipalities, while in the Pacific these high-risk areas were located on the southern coast in the Olaya Herrera, Francisco Pizarro, and La Tola municipalities, and in the northern coast in the Bahía Solano municipality. The threat indicators that captured the greatest variability in the analysis were: sea level rise, change in the coastline, change in water supply, change in mangrove coverage due to change in the coastline, change in temperature and precipitation due to El Niño and La Niña, and human footprint. These results are input for climate management of mangroves in Colombia and will contribute to the National Mangrove Program. Likewise, it can contribute to the National Mangrove Restoration Plan, the Nationally Determined Contribution of Colombia (NDC), the Long-Term Climate Strategy of Colombia E 2050, and the Territorial Plans for Climate Change Adaptation of the states and municipalities.

RESUMEN Los manglares están expuestos a amenazas como el aumento del nivel del mar, la erosión costera, el aumento de la frecuencia e intensidad de eventos extremos, además de presiones socioeconómicas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un análisis de vulnerabilidad y riesgo climático para el socioecosistema de manglar de Colombia. Se utilizaron 22 indicadores de amenaza, 8 de sensibilidad y 18 de capacidad adaptativa; mediante un análisis numérico multivariado se generaron los índices de vulnerabilidad y riesgo climático para los manglares del Pacífico y del Caribe de Colombia. Los manglares que presentaron mayor riesgo en el Caribe se ubicaron en los municipios de Manaure, Tubará y Puerto Escondido, mientras que en el Pacífico estas áreas de alto riesgo se ubicaron en la costa sur, en los municipios de Olaya Herrera, Francisco Pizarro y La Tola, y en la costa norte de Bahía Solano. Los indicadores de amenaza que capturaron la mayor variabilidad del análisis fueron: el aumento del nivel del mar, el cambio en la línea de costa, el cambio en la oferta hídrica, el cambio en la cobertura de manglares por cambio en la línea de costa, el cambio en la temperatura y la precipitación debido a El Niño y La Niña, y la huella humana. Estos resultados son un insumo para la gestión climática de los manglares en Colombia y contribuirán al Programa Nacional de Manglares. Asimismo, podrán contribuir al Plan Nacional de Restauración de Manglares, la Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Colombia (NDC), la Estrategia Climática de Largo Plazo de Colombia E2050, y los Planes Territoriales de Adaptación al Cambio Climático de los departamentos y municipios.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to analyze the classification of female university students based on their unfaithful behavior, describing each category by their communication styles as a couple and sexual behavior. 454 university women aged 18 to 28 years participated (x̄ = 20.28; σ = 1.785). Each variable was measured with valid and reliable instruments. A multivariate analysis was carried out with the infidelity variable, identifying three groups: “Desire for a romantic bond”, “fidelity” and “non-fidelity”. An ANOVA was used to contrast the three groups, finding differences according to the variables couple communication and sexual behavior. It is concluded that the “not-fidelity” group is more socially receptive and communicates positively and kindly with their partners, demonstrating fewer seductive behaviors; the “Desire for a romantic bond” group shows a negative communication style with their partners, and greater sexual behavior; and the “fidelity” group shows more seduction behaviors than the other two groups.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la clasificación de estudiantes universitarias en función de su comportamiento infiel utilizando las categorías: estilos de comunicación en pareja y conducta sexual. Participaron 454 mujeres universitarias de 18 a 28 años (x̄ = 20.28; σ = 1.785). Se utilizaron instrumentos válidos y confiables. Se realizó un análisis multivariado con la variable infidelidad, identificándose tres grupos: “Deseo de vínculo romántico”, “Infieles” y “No infieles”. Se empleó un ANOVA para contrastar a los tres grupos, encontrándose diferencias de acuerdo con las variables comunicación de pareja y conducta sexual. Se concluye que el grupo “No infieles” es más receptivo socialmente y se comunica positiva y amablemente con sus parejas, demostrando menos conductas seductoras; el grupo “Deseo de vínculo romántico” muestra un estilo de comunicación negativo con sus parejas, y mayor conducta sexual; y el grupo “Infieles” manifiesta más conductas de seducción que los otros dos grupos.

Abstract Introduction: The malnutrition-inflammation process is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), influencing quality of life. The aim of this study was to identify the inflammatory and nutritional status of elderly hemodialysis (HD) and its association with quality of life. Methods: This study was carried out in health services in three different cities. The Malnutrition-Inflammation Score (MIS) was used to assess the inflammatory and nutritional status, with anthropometric measurements, protein status, lean mass and function. The quality of life was assessed using KDQOL-SFTM. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis and the Poisson model to evaluate the factors that increased the risk of developing malnutrition and inflammation. Results: The MIS identified a 52.2% prevalence of malnutrition and inflammation in the population. In univariate analysis, most KDQOL-SFTM domains presented higher scores for nourished elderly. Anthropometric measures associated with muscle mass and functionality were lower in the malnourished elderly. Multivariate modeling revealed a higher nutritional risk of 50.6% for women and older age, since with each additional year of life the risk of malnutrition increased by 2.4% and by 0.4% with each additional month on HD. Greater arm muscle circumference (AMC) and higher serum albumin were factors for reducing malnutrition by 4.6% and 34.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Higher serum albumin and preserved AMC have been shown to be good indicators of better nutritional status. Higher MIS was associated with poorer quality of life, older age, lower income and education, longer time on dialysis, and presence of comorbidities. Introduction malnutritioninflammation CKD, CKD , (CKD) HD (HD Methods cities MalnutritionInflammation Malnutrition Inflammation (MIS measurements function KDQOLSFTM. KDQOLSFTM KDQOL SFTM. SFTM Results 522 52 2 52.2 population 506 50 6 50.6 age 24 4 2.4 04 0 0.4 (AMC 46 4.6 347 34 7 34.7% respectively Conclusion education dialysis comorbidities (CKD 5 52. 50. 2. 0. 4. 3 34.7 34.

Resumo Introdução: O processo de desnutrição-inflamação é uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade em pacientes com DRC, influenciando a qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o estado inflamatório e nutricional de idosos em hemodiálise (HD) e sua associação com qualidade de vida. Métodos: Estudo realizado em serviços de saúde de três cidades diferentes. O Escore de Desnutrição-Inflamação (MIS, por sua sigla em inglês) foi utilizado para avaliar estado inflamatório e nutricional, com medidas antropométricas, estado proteico, massa magra e funcionalidade. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada com KDQOL-SFTM. Os dados foram analisados utilizando análise multivariada e modelo de Poisson para avaliar fatores que aumentaram o risco de desenvolver desnutrição e inflamação. Resultados: O MIS identificou prevalência de 52,2% de desnutrição e inflamação na população. Na análise univariada, a maioria dos domínios do KDQOL-SFTM apresentou escores maiores para idosos nutridos. Medidas antropométricas associadas à massa muscular e funcionalidade foram menores em idosos desnutridos. A modelagem multivariada revelou maior risco nutricional de 50,6% para mulheres e idosos pois o risco de desnutrição aumentou em 2,4% para cada ano adicional de vida e em 0,4% para cada mês adicional de HD. Maior circunferência muscular do braço (CMB) e maior albumina sérica foram fatores de redução da desnutrição em 4,6% e 34,7%, respectivamente. Conclusão: Demonstrou-se que albumina sérica mais elevada e CMB preservada são bons indicadores de melhor estado nutricional. Maior MIS foi associado a pior qualidade de vida, idade mais avançada, menor renda e escolaridade, maior tempo em diálise e presença de comorbidades. Introdução desnutriçãoinflamação DRC HD (HD Métodos diferentes DesnutriçãoInflamação Desnutrição Inflamação MIS, (MIS inglês proteico KDQOLSFTM. KDQOLSFTM KDQOL SFTM. SFTM Resultados 522 52 2 52,2 população univariada nutridos desnutridos 506 50 6 50,6 24 4 2,4 04 0 0,4 (CMB 46 4,6 347 34 7 34,7% respectivamente Conclusão Demonstrouse Demonstrou se avançada escolaridade comorbidades 5 52, 50, 2, 0, 4, 3 34,7 34,

Resumo: Desde a década de 1960, uma série de pesquisas tem questionado a capacidade das escolas para igualar os níveis de aprendizagem entre alunos de diferentes origens sociais. Apesar da diversidade de programas e políticas que buscaram equalizar as diferenças, pesquisas em diversos contextos constataram repetidamente que as diferenças não apenas persistem, mas são reproduzidas nas escolas. Este artigo aborda o problema de uma perspectiva um pouco diferente: seu objetivo é identificar práticas e atitudes de estudantes e docentes associadas a diferenças no desempenho escolar entre estudantes de condição social e econômica mais baixa no Brasil e na Argentina. O objetivo não é entender os mecanismos que reproduzem as diferenças entre os estratos, mas sim aqueles que geram maior desempenho relativo entre os estudantes com menos recursos. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise comparativa dos resultados do teste PISA de 2018 por meio de modelos estatísticos multivariados. Essa análise mostrou que determinados fatores, como a empatia docente, a motivação e perseverança estudantil ou as modalidades de estudo, estão associados ao desempenho. Mas também mostrou que a magnitude da associação varia de acordo com o contexto. Esses resultados contribuem para a elaboração de políticas educacionais que buscam aumentar o desempenho em estratos desfavorecidos, indicando algumas condições que podem favorecê-lo, mas também alertando sobre as dificuldades de extrapolar resultados entre contextos de forma acrítica

Abstract: Since the 1960s, a vast array of studies has questioned the ability of schools to equalize learning levels among students from different social backgrounds. Despite various programs and policies aimed at reducing these disparities, research in diverse contexts has repeatedly found that not only do these differences persist, but they are also reproduced within the school system. This article approaches the issue from a slightly different perspective: its objective is to identify practices and attitudes of students and teachers that are associated with differences in school performance among students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds in Brazil and Argentina. The focus is not on understanding the mechanisms that perpetuate differences between social strata, but rather on identifying those that lead to higher relative achievements among students with fewer resources. A comparative analysis of the 2018 PISA test results was conducted using multivariate statistical models. This analysis revealed that certain factors, such as teacher empathy, student motivation and perseverance, and study methods, are associated with academic performance. However, it also showed that the strength of these associations varies depending on the context. These findings contribute to the design of educational policies aimed at improving performance in disadvantaged groups by highlighting conditions that may foster better outcomes, while also cautioning against uncritically extrapolating results across different contexts

Resumen: Desde la década de 1960 en adelante una extensa serie de estudios ha puesto en duda la capacidad de la escuela para igualar los niveles de aprendizaje entre estudiantes de distinto origen social. Pese a la diversidad de programas y políticas que han buscado igualar las diferencias, distintas investigaciones en diversos contextos han encontrado una y otra vez que las diferencias no solo persisten, sino que se reproducen en la escuela. En este artículo se aborda el problema desde una óptica ligeramente diferente: su objetivo es identificar prácticas y actitudes de estudiantes y docentes asociadas a las diferencias de desempeño escolar entre estudiantes de menor nivel económico social en Brasil y Argentina. No se busca comprender los mecanismos que reproducen las diferencias entre estratos, sino aquellos que generan mayores logros relativos en los estudiantes con menos recursos. Se realizó para ello un análisis comparativo de los resultados de las pruebas PISA del 2018 mediante modelos estadísticos multivariados. Este análisis mostró que ciertos factores, como la empatía docente, la motivación y perseverancia estudiantil o las modalidades de estudio se asocian al desempeño. Pero también evidenció que la magnitud de la asociación varía con el contexto. Estos resultados aportan al diseño de políticas educativas que procuren incrementar el desempeño en estratos desfavorecidos, al indicar algunas condiciones que pueden favorecerlo, pero advirtiendo también sobre las dificultades de extrapolar resultados entre contextos de manera acrítica

Abstract Introduction: The decay of democracy has led to a growth in political protests worldwide, but even when people perceive their situation as unfair, some do not act. We propose that system justification and learned helplessness are relevant factors in explaining this. Objective: To test a model of collective action that considers factors of inaction. Method: Through structural equation modelling, we estimated models with data from 961 Brazilians, variables were measured through self-report instruments, such as Collective Action scales, the General System Justification Scale, the Social Justice Perception Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and the Learned Helplessness Scale. Results: The models had a good fit and supported the derogation effect of system justification on collective action, but only partially corroborated the predicted association between learned helplessness and collective action. In the Multigroup Model, we found that people who hold weaker political motivations are more prone to inaction through learned helplessness. Discussion: Our findings point to the risk of relative deprivation in generating learned helplessness, which may contribute to inaction and social isolation.

Resumen Introducción: La decadencia de la democracia ha provocado un aumento de las protestas políticas en todo el mundo, pero incluso cuando las personas perciben que su situación es injusta, algunas no actúan. Proponemos que la justificación del sistema y la indefensión aprendida son factores relevantes para explicarlo. Objetivo: Probar un modelo de acción colectiva que considera factores de inacción. Método: A través de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, estimamos modelos con datos de 961 brasileños, las variables fueron medidas por medio de instrumentos de autoinforme, como las escalas de Acción Colectiva, la Escala General de Justificación del Sistema, la Escala de Percepción de Justicia Social, la Escala de Afectos Positivos y Negativos y la Escala de Indefensión Aprendida. Resultados: Los modelos tuvieron un buen ajuste y apoyaron el efecto de derogación de la justificación del sistema en la acción colectiva, pero solo corroboraron parcialmente la asociación predicha entre indefensión

Abstract The objective of the work is to analyze the situation of social well-being in the Southeast of Mexico during the period 2000-2020. The functional region considers the states of Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Tabasco and Yucatán. The hypothesis is that the trade liberalization implemented by neoliberal governments in the context of asymmetric economic development expanded territorial inequalities and reduced levels of social well-being in this region. To do this, we use the Average Index Value (VIM) methodology with which we build an index at the municipal scale. The results obtained show that a high percentage of the municipalities that make up each of the entities present lags in their social well-being conditions that place them below the national average. The originality lies in analyzing the conditions of social well-being in the region with a multivariate methodology, supported by representative indicators at the territorial level. The main conclusion is that, to reverse this deteriorating situation, an economic policy must be deployed aimed at impleme nting high-impact projects in the region through public and private investments, which allow the improvement of income and employment among the population, in addition of a redistributive social policy aimed at reversing the high levels of poverty and inequality.

Resumen El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la situación del bienestar social en el sureste de México durante el periodo 2000-2020. La región funcional considera los estados de Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Tabasco y Yucatán. La hipótesis es que la apertura comercial implementada por los gobiernos neoliberales, en el contexto de un desarrollo económico asimétrico, amplió las desigualdades territoriales y redujo los niveles de bienestar social en esta región. Para ello empleamos la metodología de Valor Índice Medio (VIM) con la que construimos un índice a escala municipal. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que un alto porcentaje de los municipios que conforman a cada una de las entidades, presentan rezagos en sus condiciones de bienestar social que las ubica por debajo del promedio nacional. La originalidad radica en analizar las condiciones de bienestar social en la región con una metodología multivariada, sustentada en indicadores representativos a nivel territorial. La conclusión principal es que, para revertir esta situación de deterioro, se debe desplegar una política económica orientada a implementar proyectos de alto impacto en la región a través de inversiones públicas y privadas, que permitan el mejoramiento del ingreso y empleo entre la población, además de una política social redistributiva encaminada a revertir los altos niveles de pobreza y desigualdad.

Abstract Introduction: Research has shown the importance of differentiating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) from subjective complaints of attention difficulties. In both cases, there is a clinical manifestation that differentially affects women and men. This study assessed the potential relationships among Behavioural and Emotional Symptoms, ADHD Diagnosis, Attentional Complaints, and Sex in Young Adults between 18 and 25 years of age. Method: Using a cross-sectional design, we examined the relationships across three groups (diagnosed with ADHD, attentional complaints, and controls) in a sample of 232 participants (Meanage = 20.38 years, SDage = 1.81 years; 52% women). We employed the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale and the Toulouse Pieron Test to classify participants among groups; for measures of behavioural/emotional symptoms using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 - Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), through High-Order and Somatic/Cognitive Scales. Results: Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) revealed a significant relationship between group membership and the MMPI-2-RF variables after controlling for sex (p < 0.01). Post hoc tests indicated group differences across all variables except for Head Pain Complaints. Additionally, comparisons between men and women revealed significant differences in Behavioural and Emotional Dysfunction, and Gastro-Intestinal Complaints. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of making a diagnosis that is not only based on a list of symptoms and signs but also takes into account differences in sex, emotional/behavioural alterations, and associated connections to increased rumination in young adults, which may influence self-assessment bias and contribute to overestimation or underestimation of ADHD symptomatology.

Resumen Introducción: Las investigaciones han demostrado la importancia de diferenciar el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) de las quejas subjetivas de dificultades de atención. En ambos casos existe una manifestación clínica que afecta diferencialmente a mujeres y hombres. Este estudio evaluó las posibles relaciones entre los síntomas conductuales y emocionales, el diagnóstico de TDAH, las quejas atencionales y el sexo en adultos jóvenes de entre 18 y 25 años. Método: Utilizando un diseño transversal, examinamos las relaciones entre tres grupos (diagnosticados con TDAH, quejas atencionales y controles) en una muestra de 232 participantes (Mediaedad = 20.38 años, DEedad = 1.81 años; 52 % mujeres). Empleamos la escala de Autoinforme de TDAH en Adultos y la prueba Toulouse Pieron para clasificar a los participantes entre grupos; para medidas de síntomas conductuales/emocionales utilizamos el inventario multifásico de personalidad de Minnesota-2 - Forma reestructurada (MMPI-2-RF), por medio de las escalas de Alto Orden y las Somáticas/ Cognitivas. Resultados: El análisis multivariado de varianza (Manova) mostró una relación significativa entre el grupo y las variables del MMPI-2-RF después de controlar el sexo (p < 0.01). Las pruebas post hoc indicaron diferencias entre grupos en todas las variables, excepto en quejas de dolor de cabeza. Además, las comparaciones entre hombres y mujeres revelaron diferencias significativas en la disfunción conductual y emocional y en las quejas gastrointestinales. Conclusión: Los hallazgos resaltan la importancia de realizar un diagnóstico que no se base únicamente en una lista de síntomas y signos, sino que también tenga en cuenta las diferencias de sexo, las alteraciones emocionales/conductuales y las conexiones asociadas con una mayor rumiación en adultos jóvenes, lo cual puede influir en el sesgo de autoevaluación y contribuir a una sobreestimación o subestimación de la sintomatología del TDAH.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 on the cardiovascular autonomic system using heart rate variability in young individuals. METHODS: The study was designed retrospectively by scanning the 24-h Holter electrocardiography records of patients who applied to the Ankara Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Education and Research Hospital Cardiology outpatient clinic. The study group consisted of 492 patients under the age of 40 years, who did not have additional comorbidities or medication use and had prolonged symptoms after coronavirus disease 2019 during the pandemic. The control group, including 401 patients, was determined during the pre-pandemic period (before December 2019). Heart rate variability parameters were evaluated by scanning the 24-h Holter electrocardiography records of the patients and compared with the non-coronavirus disease 2019 group. RESULTS: The median age of participants was 30 years. Standard deviation of normal RR intervals (SDNN) ≤100 ms was more prevalent in the study group (27 (6.7%) vs 73 (14.8%), p<0.001). In univariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of coronavirus disease 2019 [(OR 2.41, 95%CI 1.52–3.83), p<0.001] and age [(OR 1.04, 95%CI 1.01–1.07), p=0.016] had a significant effect on the probability of SDNN≤100. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of coronavirus disease 2019 [(OR 2.42, 95%CI 1.52–3.85), p<0.001] and age [(OR 2.42, 95%CI 1.52–3.85), p=0.016] had a significant effect on the probability of SDNN≤100. Frequency domain measures such as, high-frequency values were significantly higher in the study group (p=0.029). The study group’s low-frequency/high frequency ratio was significantly lower (p=0.019). The low-frequency/high-frequency ratio’s cut-off value was ≤2.77. for determining the differentiation between coronavirus disease 2019 positive and negative cases in the receiver operating characteristic analysis. The sensitivity rate was 80.7%. The area under the curve value is 0.546 (p=0.019). CONCLUSION: This study showed that coronavirus disease 2019 causes reduced heart rate variability and increased parasympathetic activity in young patients. This may explain the prolonged symptoms after coronavirus disease 2019 infection. OBJECTIVE 201 individuals METHODS 24h h 24 clinic 49 4 years pandemic prepandemic pre before 2019. . 2019) noncoronavirus non RESULTS 3 SDNN (SDNN 100 ≤10 27 (2 6.7% 67 6 7 (6.7% 14.8%, 148 14.8% , 14 8 (14.8%) p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 0 001 p<0.001) analysis OR 241 2 41 2.41 95CI CI 95 1.52–3.83, 152383 1.52–3.83 1 52 83 1.52–3.83) 104 04 1.04 1.01–1.07, 101107 1.01–1.07 01 07 1.01–1.07) p=0.016 p0016 016 SDNN100 SDNN≤100 242 42 2.42 1.52–3.85, 152385 1.52–3.85 85 1.52–3.85) as highfrequency high p=0.029. p0029 p=0.029 029 (p=0.029) groups s lowfrequency/high lowfrequencyhigh low frequency/high p=0.019. p0019 p=0.019 019 (p=0.019) lowfrequency/highfrequency lowfrequencyhighfrequency ratios cutoff cut off 277 77 ≤2.77 807 80 80.7% 0546 546 0.54 CONCLUSION infection 20 10 ≤1 ( 6.7 (6.7 14.8 (14.8% p000 p<0.00 00 2.4 9 15238 1.52–3.8 5 1.0 10110 1.01–1.0 p=0.01 p001 SDNN10 SDNN≤10 p002 p=0.02 02 (p=0.029 lowfrequency frequencyhigh (p=0.019 ≤2.7 80.7 054 54 0.5 ≤ 6. (6. 14. (14.8 p00 p<0.0 2. 1523 1.52–3. 1. 1011 1.01–1. p=0.0 SDNN1 SDNN≤1 (p=0.02 (p=0.01 ≤2. 80. 05 0. (6 (14. p0 p<0. 152 1.52–3 101 1.01–1 p=0. SDNN≤ (p=0.0 ≤2 (14 p<0 15 1.52– 1.01– p=0 (p=0. (1 p< 1.52 1.01 p= (p=0 1.5 (p= (p

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to determine the role of serum glucose–potassium ratio in predicting inhospital mortality in coronary care unit patients. METHODS: This study used data from the MORtality in CORonary Care Units in Turkey study, a national, observational, multicenter study that included all patients admitted to coronary care units between September 1, 2022, and September 30, 2022. Statistical analyses assessed the independent predictors of mortality. Two models were created. Model 1 included age, history of heart failure, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease. Model 2 included glucose–potassium ratio in addition to these variables. Multivariate regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed to compare Model 1 and Model 2 to identify if the glucose–potassium ratio is an independent predictor of inhospital mortality. RESULTS: In a study of 3,157 patients, the mortality rate was 4.3% (n=137). Age (p=0.002), female gender (p=0.004), mean blood pressure (p<0.001), serum creatinine (p<0.001), C-reactive protein (p=0.002), white blood cell (p=0.002), and glucose–potassium ratio (p<0.001) were identified as independent predictors of mortality through multivariate regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that Model 2 had a statistically higher area under the curve than Model 1 (area under the curve 0.842 vs area under the curve 0.835; p<0.001). A statistically significant correlation was found between the inhospital mortality and glucose–potassium ratio (OR 1.015, 95%CI 1.006–1.024, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the glucose–potassium ratio may be a significant predictor of inhospital mortality in coronary care unit patients. OBJECTIVE glucosepotassium glucose potassium METHODS national observational 2022 30 created age failure disease hypertension mellitus variables RESULTS 3157 3 157 3,15 43 4 4.3 n=137. n137 n n=137 . 137 (n=137) p=0.002, p0002 p p=0.002 , 0 002 (p=0.002) p=0.004, p0004 p=0.004 004 (p=0.004) p<0.001, p0001 p<0.001 001 Creactive C reactive (p<0.001 0842 842 0.84 0.835 0835 835 p<0.001. p<0.001) OR 1015 015 1.015 95CI CI 95 10061024 006 024 1.006–1.024 CONCLUSION 202 315 15 3,1 4. n13 n=13 13 (n=137 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.002 (p=0.004 p<0.00 (p<0.00 084 84 0.8 0.83 083 83 101 01 1.01 9 1006102 02 1.006–1.02 20 31 3, n1 n=1 (n=13 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 p<0.0 (p<0.0 08 8 0. 10 1.0 100610 1.006–1.0 n= (n=1 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p<0. (p<0. 1. 10061 1.006–1. (n= p=0 (p=0. p<0 (p<0 1006 1.006–1 (n p= (p=0 p< (p< 100 1.006– (p= (p 1.006 1.00

Abstract Objective Platelet to albumin ratio (PAR) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) are potential indicators for evaluating nutritional and inflammatory status. This study aimed to examine the relationship between PAR and PNI and the acute complicated course of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO). Methods AHO patients were divided into the simple course group and the acute complicated course group. The patient's gender, age, site of infection, body temperature, laboratory results, and pathogen culture results were collected and compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors of the acute complicated course group. The receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to determine the optimal cut-off value. Results In total, 101 AHO patients with a median age of 7.58 years were included. There were 63 cases (62.4 %) in the simple course group and 38 cases (37.6 %) in the complicated course group. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that PAR and PNI were independent risk factors for predicting the acute complicated course of AHO (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the combination of PAR and PNI had an area under the curve of 0.777 (95 % CI: 0.680-0.873, p < 0.001) with a cut-off value of 0.51. Conclusions The incidence of acute complicated courses was significantly higher in patients with high PAR and low PNI. A combined factor greater than 0.51, derived from PAR and PNI measurements within 24 h of admission, may be useful for predicting AHO patients who are likely to develop severe disease. (PAR (PNI status AHO. . (AHO) patient s gender infection temperature compared cutoff cut off total 10 758 7 58 7.5 included 6 62.4 624 62 4 (62. 3 37.6 376 37 (37. 0004 0 004 0.00 0001 001 0.001 respectively. respectively respectively) 0777 777 0.77 95 (9 CI 0.6800.873, 06800873 0.680 0.873, 680 873 0.680-0.873 051 51 0.51 2 admission disease (AHO 1 75 5 7. 62. (62 37. (37 000 00 0.0 077 77 0.7 9 ( 6800 0.6800.873 0680087 0680 0.68 0873 0.873 68 87 0.680-0.87 05 0.5 (6 (3 0. 07 0.6800.87 068008 068 0.6 087 0.87 8 0.680-0.8 0.6800.8 06800 06 08 0.8 0.680-0. 0.6800. 0.680-0 0.6800 0.680-